海南省三亞市某校2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末檢測英語試題（A卷）【含答案解析】

2025屆高二(上)期末考試試題英語A卷時(shí)量：120分鐘分值：150分第一部分聽力第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】WhatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenSarahandMr.Wilson?A.Brotherandsister. B.Teacherandstudent. C.Parentandkid.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Sarah,I’vefinishedmarkingtheEnglishtestyoudidlastweek.I’mverypleasedwiththeresult,soreally,congratulations.W:Thanksforyouradvice,Mr.Wilson.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】WhydoesthewomantalktoJohn?A.Toaskafavor. B.Tomakeanappointment. C.Topassonamessage.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:HiJohn.Listen,Iforgottotellyouhowtoopenthedoortotheapartment.Youhavetoturnthehandleupfirst.Buttumthekeybeforeyouturnthehandledownagain.M:OK.Gotit.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atthechemist's. B.Atarestaurant. C.Athome.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Goodmorning,mydoctortoldmetobuysomemedicine.DoyouhavethemedicineIneed?M:Letmehavealook.Yes,wedo.Hereyougo.Youneedtotaketwopillseverymorningafterameal.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Afamouschef. B.Anewcafé. C.Afoodproject.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Jack,haveyouheardoftheRealJunkFoodProject?M:Ofcourse.Itisbeingruninalocalcafewheretheentiremenuisproducedfromingredientsthathavebeenwasted.W:Right.Theprojecthasinspiredsimilarcafesaroundtheworld.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whattimewillthewomangetbackhometonight?A.Atabout7. B.Atabout7:30. C.Atabout8.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M：Ifyouneedthebook,Icanbringitroundtoyourhousetonight.Willyoubein?W：Well,Ivegotatennisclassuntil7,butI’llbebackabouthalfanhourafterthat.M：OK.I’mmeetingRichardat8,butIcancomeroundtoyourplacefirst.It’sonthewayanyway.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】6WhatdoweknowaboutMargaret?A.Shewillgraduatesoon. B.Shehasgotanewjob. C.Shehasgotpromoted.7.What’sthewoman’sattitudetowardthenews?A.Satisfied. B.Surprised. C.Unconcerned.【答案】6.C7.B【解析】【原文】W:Don,isMargaretreallyleavingourcompany?M:No,she’sbeensenttoNewYork.Andshe’sbeenofferedahigherpositionproductmanager.It’sabigresponsibility,butIhavenodoubtthatshe’llsucceed.W:Really?That’samazingnews.M:She’smanagedtodoreallywell,consideringsheonlyjoinedthegroupfouryearsagoaftergraduation.She’salwaysbeenhard-working.聽下面一段較長對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】8.WhydoesPhylliscallEvanPeters?A.Tosendaninvitation.B.Tooffersomeinformation.C.Toconfirmabooking.9.WhatdoesPhyllissuggestEvanPetersdo?A.Buytheticketanotherday.B.Planthetripinadvance.C.Contacttheairlineimmediately.【答案】8.B9.A【解析】【原文】M:Hello.ThisisEvanPetersspeaking.W:Hi,Mr.Peters.ThisisPhylisfromMysticTravel.I’mcallingaboutyourtriptoBudapest.Iwanttoletyouknowthattheairlinedroppedthepriceoftheticketyouwantedbyfiftydollars.M:Wo!Theremusthealotofcompetitionbetweenairlinesrightnow.W:Absolutely.I’dsuggestwaitinganotherdaybeforeactuallybuyingtheticketbecausefaresmightcontinuetogodown.Ijustwanttotellyouthegoodnews.M:Goodidea!Let’swaitforanotherday.聽下面一段較長對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】10.WhendidAmberbeginattendingcollege?A.Atage18. B.Atage19. C.Atage20.11.WhatdidAmberthinkofworkingforHighlights?A.Itwasboring. B.Itwasdemanding. C.Itwasinteresting.12.HowdidAmberknowaboutYouthBeautyCompetition?A.FromtheTV. B.Fromaposter. C.Fromherboss.13.WhatdidAmberdowithmostofherprizemoney?A.Sheputitinthebank.B.Shespentitonavehicle.C.Shedonatedittoaschool.【答案】10.C11.C12.B13.A【解析】【原文】M:Amber,canyoutellusabitaboutyourself?W:Sure.Ileftschoolat18andwasunemployedforsixmonthswhenIwas19.ThenIwenttocollegethenextyear.I’vealwaysbeeninterestedinbeautyandfashion,soitwasanaturalchoiceforme.M:Whatdidyoudoaftergraduation?W:IgotajobasanassistantdesigneratHighlights.Itwasafunplace.Thecustomerswerefriendlyandtheownerwasreallynice.M:Youwonthisyear’sYouthBeautyCompetition,didn’tyou?W:Yes,butitwasquiteunexpected.IwasshoppinginthesupermarketwhenIsawthecompetitionposter.Isignedupforitwithouthesitation.Ievenaskedmyworkmatestohelpme.M:Howdidyoufeelwhenyouwon?W:Shocked,reallyshocked.Iwasawardedalargeamountofmoneyastheprize,partofwhichIusedtobuyanewcarformyparents.ButIdidn’tgomad.Morethanthree-quartersofthemoneyisstillinmybankaccount.聽下面一段較長對(duì)話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】14.WhatdoesStephenhaveaproblemwith?A.Developingahabit. B.Managingthetime. C.Focusingontasks.15.Whydoesthewomanrecommendusingadiary?A.Toplantheweekahead.B.Torememberkeydates.C.Towritedownfeelings.16.Whatsuggestiondoesthewomangiveaboutcreatingato-dolist?A.Sharethelistwithfriends.B.Writeimportantthingsonthelistfirst.C.Makethelistforthenextdaythenightbefore.17.WhatwillStephendonext?A.Takeaclass. B.Seeafriend. C.Dosomeshopping.【答案】14.B15.A16.C17.C【解析】【原文】W:Hi,Stephen.It’sbeenawhilesinceIlastsawyou.So,whydidyouneedtoseeme?M:Well,Ineedsomeadvicetohelpmemanagemytimebetter.Ialwaysseemtoleavethingstothelastminute.It’sreallystressingmeout.W:Thatisaproblem.Doyouhaveoneofthosebigwallcalendars?M:No.Howmightthecalendarcomeinuseful?W:Well,acalendarisperfectforhelpingyourememberthekeydates.Youcouldusethattoputintermdates,essaydeadlines,andthedatesofanypresentations.Andyoumayalsoneedadiary.M:Right.IcouldwritedownhowI’mfeelingeachday.W:Ithinkit’sbesttouseittostructuretheweek.SitdownwithitonaMondaymorningandstartwithallthethingsyouhavetodothatweek.M:Great.WhatelsedoIneed?W:Youshouldalsowriteato-dolist.Beforeyougotobedeverynight,havealookthroughthediaryfortherestoftheweekandwritealistofthingsyouneedtodothenextday.M:Yes,it’llbeagoodreminder.Thankyou!I’llgotothestudentshopnowandgetthesethings.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】18.Whoisthespeakeraimedat?A.Thosewhofeeldepressed.B.Thosewhoneedsomerest.C.Thosewhoaremusiclovers.19.What'isthespeakergoingtodofirst?A.TalktoTessa. B.Playsomemusic. C.Hangoutwithfriends.20.Whatdoesthespeakerdo?A.She'sahostess. B.She'samusician. C.She'sapsychologyteacher.【答案】18.A19.B20.A【解析】【原文】Higuys,we’vegotareallycoolprogramplannedforyouthismorning.TodayI’mreachingouttoallofyouwhoarefeelingblue.AndI’mheretohelpyougetoverit!Butletmeclearsomethingupfirst.IknowthatIcancomeacrossasabitcrazyandoffthewall,butIdoknowwhatitfeelsliketobedown.Weallhavethosedays,don’twe?Buthey,mymessagewouldbedon’ttakeupwiththewrongsortandmakesureyouhangoutwithpositivepeople.Trynottogetstuckinnegativeemotions.Icanhearyousaying,that’sallverywell-butwhoareyoutotelluswhattodo?You’reabsolutelyrightthere,soontheshowthismorning,I’mreallyhappytohaveapsychologyexpertwho’sheretofillyouinonsomemoredetails.Tessawillbehereinthestudioinafewminutes…So,inthemeantime,here’sabitofmusic.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）ATopThemeParksandAmusementParksinAustraliaMagicMountainMerimbulaLocatedinthetownofMerimbula,thissmallthemeparkissituatedontheSapphireCoast.TherearemultipleattractionsinthisplaceincludingKiddieSplashPool,MagicCarpetSlideandtheDiamondPythonRollerCoaster.Youcanbuysouvenirsfromthegiftshopsforfriendsandfamilybackhome.Openinghours:MondaytoSunday10amto4pmPrice:$90perpersonTheBigBananaFunParkTheBigBananaFunParkislocatedinthecityofCoffsHarbouranditboastsalargewalk-throughbanana.Guestscangorollerskatingattheice-skatingrinkenjoywaterslidesandplaygolf.Openinghours:MondaytoSunday9amto5pmPrice:$25peradult(age13-99);$15perchild(age1-12)WetWildGoldCoastOwnedandoperatedbytheVillageRoadshowThemeParks,thisparkfeatures17waterslides,4pools,and2children’sareas.Ifyouaretravelingduringthewinterseason,thereisnothingtoworryasthepoolsandslidesareheatedaccordingtoyourconvenience.Openinghours:MondaytoSunday10amto5pmPrice:$24perpersonBigSplashWaterparkFeaturingnineslides,a50-meter(164feet)pool,andkiddiepools,thisparkisaperfectspottochillwhenthesunisout.BeingoneoftheoldestthemeparksinAustralia,itboaststhefamousJammoPool.Openinghours:MondaytoSunday10amto6pmPrice:$150peradult(age13-99);40%discountperchild(age1-12)EnjoywithyourkidsatoneofthethemeparksinAustralia.21.WhatcanvisitorsdoinTheBigBananaFunPark?A.Rideonarollercoaster. B.Playgolf.C.Buygifts. D.Tastebigbananas.22.Howmuchwill8-year-oldtwinspayiftheygotoBigSplashWaterpark?A.$60. B.$90. C.$120. D.$180.23.Whoisthetextmostprobablyintendedfor?A.Parents. B.Children. C.Guides. D.Swimmers.【答案】21.B22.D23.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了澳大利亞的幾個(gè)頂級(jí)主題公園和游樂園?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第2個(gè)標(biāo)題TheBigBananaFunPark的第2句話“Guestscangorollerskatingattheice-skatingrink,enjoywaterslidesandplaygolf.(游客可以在溜冰場滑旱冰，享受水滑梯和打高爾夫球)”可知，游客可以在TheBigBananaFunPark打高爾夫球。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第4個(gè)標(biāo)題BigSplashWaterpark中的“Price:$150peradult(age13-99);40%discountperchild(age1-12)(價(jià)格：成人(13-99歲)每人150美元；每名兒童(1-12歲)4折折扣優(yōu)惠)”可知，每位兒童票價(jià)是有40%的折扣，即打6折，所以，8歲的雙胞胎去BigSplashWaterpark要花150×0.6×2=180美元。故選D項(xiàng)。【23題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“EnjoywithyourkidsatoneofthethemeparksinAustralia.(和你的孩子在澳大利亞的一個(gè)主題公園里盡情享受吧)”可推知，這篇文章最有可能是寫給孩子們的父母的。故選A項(xiàng)。BThe2023NobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinehasbeenawardedtoKatalinKarikóa(chǎn)ndDrewWeissmanfortheirworkonmRNAvaccines(疫苗),acrucialtoolinholdingbackthespreadofCOVID-19.Karikó,68,isfromHungary.Inthe1970s,shebeganstudyinganewareaofresearch:messengerRNA(mRNA).mRNAisaspecialmolecule(分子)whichcarriesinstructionsthattellcellswhatproteinstomake.Proteinsareoneofthebuildingblocksoflife.They’reinvolvedinalmosteveryprocessinlivingthings,fromfightingdiseasestobuildingmusclestohelpingourbodieswork.KarikówasexcitedabouttheideathatmRNAcouldbeusedtohelpthebodyfightmanydifferentdiseases.In1985,KarikómovedtoAmericatocontinueherresearch.In1989,shejoinedtheUniversityofPennsylvania(UPenn)inPhiladelphiaasascientist.Butastimewenton,theinitialexcitementsurroundingmRNAresearchstartedtodisappear,andotherscientiststhoughtitwastoofinanciallyriskytofund.Karikóhadtroublegettingmoneyforherresearch.Sheevengotapaycutfromtheschool.What’sworse,atthistime,shesufferedfromcancer.Butshestuckatit.KarikógottoknowanotherUPennscientist,DrewWeissmaninthelate1990swhilephotocopyingresearchpapers.HewashopingtofindawaytocreateavaccineforadiseaseknownasHIV.Thetwobegantalkingandsoondecidedtoworktogether.OneofthebiggestproblemsinusingmRNAasamedicinewasthatthehumanbodysawmRNAasanenemyandfoughtitoff.Together,theycameupwithanapproachtotreatingmRNA．In2005,theypublishedtheirkeydiscovery:mRNAcouldbechangedanddeliveredeffectivelyintothebodytoactivate(激活)thebody’sprotectiveimmunesystem.Thankstotheirwork,companieswereabletodevelopmRNAvaccinesfarmorequicklythaneverbefore,whichhavesavedmillionsoflivesaroundtheworld.24.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkaboutregardingmRNA?A.Itsreflectionsonhealth. B.Itsmaincomponents.C.Itsthreatstoproteins. D.Itsresearchvalues.25.WhatcanwelearnaboutWeissmanaccordingtothetext?A.HemetKarikóbyaccident. B.HeappliedmRNAtoHIV.C.HeinvitedKarikótoUPenn. D.HehelpeddiscovermRNA.26.WhatisKarikóa(chǎn)ndWeissman’sscientificbreakthrough?A.TheirideaonhowtorecognizeCOVID-19fast.B.TheirmethodoftestingthemRNAvaccines’effect.C.TheirwaytomakethehumanbodyacceptmRNA.D.Theirexperimentofactivatingtheimmunesystem.27.WhatcanwelearnfromKarikó’sstory?A.Weshouldpursueexcellenceinourcareers.B.Creativityresultsfromchallengingauthority.C.Scientists’workfollowstechnologicaltrends.DSuccesscomesfromalastingdesiretoexplore.【答案】24.D25.A26.C27.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。2023諾貝爾生理或醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)揭曉——兩位mRNA領(lǐng)域先驅(qū)卡里科和魏斯曼獲獎(jiǎng)。本文主要介紹了卡里科的研究歷程?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中的“mRNAisaspecialmolecule(分子)whichcarriesinstructionsthattellcellswhatproteinstomake.Proteinsareoneofthebuildingblocksoflife.They’reinvolvedinalmosteveryprocessinlivingthings,fromfightingdiseasestobuildingmusclestohelpingourbodieswork.KarikówasexcitedabouttheideathatmRNAcouldbeusedtohelpthebodyfightmanydifferentdiseases.(mRNA是一種特殊的分子，它攜帶指令，告訴細(xì)胞要制造什么蛋白質(zhì)。蛋白質(zhì)是生命的組成部分之一。它們幾乎參與了生物的每一個(gè)過程，從對(duì)抗疾病到鍛煉肌肉，再到幫助我們的身體工作?？ɡ锟茖?duì)mRNA可以用來幫助身體對(duì)抗許多不同疾病的想法感到興奮。)”可知，關(guān)于mRNA，第2段主要談到了其研究價(jià)值。故選D?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“KarikógottoknowanotherUPennscientist,DrewWeissmaninthelate1990swhilephotocopyingresearchpapers.(卡里科在20世紀(jì)90年代末復(fù)印研究論文時(shí)認(rèn)識(shí)了另一位賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)科學(xué)家德魯·魏斯曼。)”可知，Karikó遇到魏斯曼很偶然。故選A。【26題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“OneofthebiggestproblemsinusingmRNAasamedicinewasthatthehumanbodysawmRNAasanenemyandfoughtitoff.Together,theycameupwithanapproachtotreatingmRNA．In2005,theypublishedtheirkeydiscovery:mRNAcouldbechangedanddeliveredeffectivelyintothebodytoactivate(激活)thebody’sprotectiveimmunesystem.(使用mRNA作為藥物的最大問題之一是，人體將mRNA視為敵人并將其擊退。他們共同提出了一種處理mRNA的方法。2005年，他們發(fā)表了他們的關(guān)鍵發(fā)現(xiàn)：mRNA可以被改變并有效地輸送到體內(nèi)，以激活人體的保護(hù)性免疫系統(tǒng)。)”可知，這兩位科學(xué)家的科學(xué)突破在于他們通過降低mRNA免疫原性使得人體接受mRNA。故選C?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是文章第三段中的“Karikóhadtroublegettingmoneyforherresearch.Sheevengotapaycutfromtheschool.What’sworse,atthistime,shesufferedfromcancer.Butshestuckatit.(卡里科很難為她的研究籌集資金。她甚至得到了學(xué)校的減薪。更糟糕的是，在這個(gè)時(shí)候，她患上了癌癥。但她堅(jiān)持了下來。)”可知，從卡里科的故事中我們能學(xué)到：成功源于持久的探索欲望。故選D。CWiththehelpofnewdevicesonmice,scientistsareusinglighttoswitchnervecellsonandoffinmice’sbrainstoexploretheanimals’socialbehavior,anewstudyshows.Thenewdevicesrelyonoptogenetics(光遺傳學(xué)),atechniqueinwhichresearchersuseburstsoflighttostimulateorcontrolthebrainnervecells,oftenusingtailoredvirusestogeneticallycorrectcellssotheyrespondtolight.Scientistshaveappliedoptogeneticstoexploreneural(神經(jīng)的)circuitsinmiceandotherlabanimalstocometoaconclusiononhowtheymightworkinhumans.Optogeneticdevicesoftenfeedlighttoneuronsviafiber-opticcables,butsuchthingscaninfluencenaturalbehaviorsandsocialinteractions.Whilescientistsrecentlydevelopedimplantable(可植入的)wirelessoptogeneticdevices,thesedependonrelativelysimpleremotecontrolsorlimitedsetsofpreprogrammedinstructions.Thesenewfullyimplantableoptogeneticdevicescanenablemorecomplexresearch.Specifically,theresearcherscanadjusteachdevice’sprogrammingduringthecourseofexperiment.“Soyoucantargetwhatananimaldoesinamuchmorecomplexway,”saysGeniaKozorovitskiy,aresearcheratNorthwesternUniversity.Thesedevicesarebattery-free,wirelesslypoweredbythesamehigh-frequencyradiowavesusedtoremotelycontroltheintensity,durationandtimingofthelightpulses.Thedevicesalsoallowscientiststocontrolfourdifferentneuralcircuitsinananimalsimultaneously,thankstoLEDsthatgiveoutfourcolors——blue,green,yellowandred——insteadofjustone.Thewidelyavailablewirelesstechnologyusedinthiswork,thesamenowusedincontactlesspaymentwithcreditcards,couldallowbroadadoptionacrosstheneurosciencecommunity“withoutextensivespecializedhardware”,saysPhilippGutrufattheUniversityofArizona.“Thatmeansthatwemightseethesedevicesinmanylabsinthenearfuture,enablingnewdiscoveries.”28.What’sscientists’purposeofusingoptogenetics?A.Tocontrolhumans’brainnervecells.B.Toaccountforhumans’socialinteractions.C.Tofigureouthowneuralcircuitsaffecthumans.D.Tocorrecttailoredvirusesenteringthehumanbodies.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“simultaneously”inparagraph4mean?A.Onceinawhile. B.Atthesametime.C.Byonesandtwos. D.Onaregularbasis.30.WhatcanweinferfromPhilippGutruf’swords?A.Thefunctionofwirelesstechnology.B.Thepromisingfutureofthedevices.C.Thenovelapplicationofthedevices.D.Thedevelopmentofwirelesstechnology.31.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ScientistsCanKillMicewithLightB.ScientistsControlHumans’SocialInteractionsC.ScientistsControlSocialBehaviorofMicewithNewDevicesD.ScientistsCanRecordHumanNeuralCircuitswithNewDevices【答案】28.C29.B30.B31.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。文章主要講述科學(xué)家研發(fā)了一種新型裝置，它可以遠(yuǎn)程控制老鼠的社會(huì)行為。【28題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Scientistshaveappliedoptogeneticstoexploreneural(神經(jīng)的)circuitsinmiceandotherlabanimalstocometoaconclusiononhowtheymightworkinhumans.”(科學(xué)家已經(jīng)應(yīng)用光遺傳學(xué)來探索老鼠和其他實(shí)驗(yàn)室動(dòng)物的神經(jīng)回路，從而得出它們可能在人類身上起作用的結(jié)論。)可知，科學(xué)家使用光遺傳技術(shù)是為了弄清楚神經(jīng)回路是如何影響人類的。故選C?！?9題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四段“Thedevicesalsoallowscientiststocontrolfourdifferentneuralcircuitsinananimalsimultaneously,thankstoLEDsthatgiveoutfourcolors——blue,green,yellowandred——insteadofjustone.”(這種設(shè)備還可以讓科學(xué)家simultaneously控制動(dòng)物的四個(gè)不同的神經(jīng)回路，這要?dú)w功于發(fā)光二極管，它可以發(fā)出四種顏色——藍(lán)色、綠色、黃色和紅色——而不是一種顏色。)可知，simultaneously是副詞，描述這些裝置還能讓科學(xué)家控制動(dòng)物的四個(gè)不同神經(jīng)回路。根據(jù)發(fā)光二極管可以發(fā)出四種顏色可知，這四個(gè)不同神經(jīng)回路是同時(shí)被控制的，所以simultaneously意為“同時(shí)地”和B選項(xiàng)意思一致。故選B?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“'withoutextensivespecializedhardware',saysPhilippGutrufattheUniversityofArizona.'Thatmeansthatwemightseethesedevicesinmanylabsinthenearfuture,enablingnewdiscoveries.'”(亞利桑那大學(xué)的菲利普·古特魯夫說，“沒有廣泛的專業(yè)硬件。這意味著我們可能在不久的將來，在許多實(shí)驗(yàn)室看到這些設(shè)備，從而有新的發(fā)現(xiàn)?！?可知，PhilippGutruf說的話告訴了我們這種新型裝置的發(fā)展前景。故選B?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Withthehelpofnewdevicesonmice,scientistsareusinglighttoswitchnervecellsonandoffinmice’sbrainstoexploretheanimals’socialbehavior,anewstudyshows.”(一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，在老鼠身上的新裝置的幫助下，科學(xué)家們正在利用光來開關(guān)老鼠大腦中的神經(jīng)細(xì)胞，以探索老鼠的社會(huì)行為。)可知，本文講述科學(xué)家研發(fā)了一種新型裝置，它可以遠(yuǎn)程控制老鼠的社會(huì)行為，C項(xiàng)“科學(xué)家們用新的設(shè)備來控制老鼠的社會(huì)行為”為最佳標(biāo)題。故選C。DItmaynotberocketscience,butresearchershavefoundaerospaceengineersandneurosurgeons(神經(jīng)外科醫(yī)生)arenotnecessarilybrighterthanthegeneralpopulation.Researchersexamineddatafromaninternationalgroupof329aerospaceengineersand72brainsurgeonswhocompleted12tasksonlineusingtheGreatBritishIntelligenceTest.Thetasksexaminedvariousaspectsofcognition(認(rèn)知),includingplanningandreasoning,workingmemory,attention,andemotionprocessingabilities.Theresearchersthencomparedtheresultsagainstthosepreviouslygatheredfrommorethan18,000membersoftheBritishpublic.Thefindings,whichwererecentlypublished,revealthatonlyneurosurgeonsshowedasignificantdifference,withquickerproblem-solvingspeedbutslowermemoryrecallcomparedwiththegeneralpopulation.“Thedifferenceinproblem-solvingspeedexhibitedbyneurosurgeonsmightarisefromthefast-pacednatureofneurosurgery,whichattractsthosewithapre-existingtalentforrapidprocessing,oritcouldbe,thoughlesslikely,aproductoftrainingforrapiddecision-makingintime-criticalsituations,”theresearchersnoted.Theresearcherssaidthestudywas,inpart,carriedouttolaytorestthequestionofwhetheroneoftheprofessionshadtheintellectualupperhand-atensionmadefamousbyacomedyshowinwhichaconfidentneurosurgeonisslappeddownbyanaerospaceexpertwhosays,“Brainsurgery...it’snotexactlyrocketscience,isit?”However,theteamfoundfewdifferencesbetweenthecognitiveabilitiesofaerospaceengineersandneuroscientists,althoughtheresultssuggesttheformerhadhigherscoresforattentionandmentalcontrol—suchasturningobjectsinone’shead—whileneurosurgeonsshowedhigherscoresinsemantic(語義的)problemsolving—suchasdefinitionsofrarewords.“Essentiallywhatwethinkitshowsisthateveryonehasarangeofskills,somepeoplearebetteratsomethingsandotherpeoplearebetteratotherthings,anditisverydifficulttobebetterineverythingacrosstheboard,”saidAswinChari,anauthorofthestudy.32.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Theresearchsubjects. B.Theresearchmethod.C.Theresearchaspects. D.Theresearchbackground.33.Whatseemedtobethemajorcauseofneurosurgeons’quickerproblem-solvingspeedshowninthestudy?A.Fastdevelopmentofneurosurgery. B.Talentofneurosurgeons.C.Trainingforrapiddecision-making. D.Natureofproblemsolving.34Thestudywasconductedpartlybecausetheresearchers.

A.attemptedtoanswerthequestionaskedbytheaerospaceexpertintheshowB.wereeagertosolvetheconflictsbetweenneurosurgeonsandaerospaceengineersC.intendedtosettletheargumentovertheintellectualsuperiorityofthetwoprofessionsD.wantedtofindoutwhichofthetwoprofessionswasmoreintellectuallydemanding35.Whatismostlikelytobethepurposeofthistext?A.Toinformpeopleoftheresultsofacognitivestudy.B.Toencouragepeopletobeconfidentinthemselves.C.Toreduceprejudiceagainstcertainprofessions.D.Tocorrectmisunderstandingsaboutintelligence.【答案】32.B33.B34.C35.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章通過航天工程師和神經(jīng)外科醫(yī)生與1.8萬名公眾的智力測試結(jié)果進(jìn)行比對(duì)，發(fā)現(xiàn)從事專業(yè)技術(shù)工作的人員只在某些領(lǐng)域表現(xiàn)較好，由此可知每個(gè)人有每個(gè)人各自擅長的方面，而在所有方面都做的很好是很難的?！?2題詳解】主旨大意題。第三段提到“Thetasksexaminedvariousaspectsofcognition(認(rèn)知),includingplanningandreasoning,workingmemory,attention,andemotionprocessingabilities.Theresearchersthencomparedtheresultsagainstthosepreviouslygatheredfrommorethan18,000membersoftheBritishpublic.”（這些任務(wù)檢查了認(rèn)知的各個(gè)方面，包括計(jì)劃和推理、工作記憶、注意力和情緒處理能力。然后，研究人員將這些結(jié)果與之前從1.8萬名英國公眾中收集的結(jié)果進(jìn)行了比較）可知，本段主要介紹了研究的方法——對(duì)比兩組人的智力水平。故選B?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第四段第二句提到““Thedifferenceinproblem-solvingspeedexhibitedbyneurosurgeonsmightarisefromthefast-pacednatureofneurosurgery,whichattractsthosewithapre-existingtalentforrapidprocessing,oritcouldbe,thoughlesslikely,aproductoftrainingforrapiddecision-makingintime-criticalsituations,”theresearchersnoted.”（研究人員指出:“神經(jīng)外科醫(yī)生解決問題的速度差異可能源于神經(jīng)外科快節(jié)奏的本質(zhì)，這吸引了那些本來就有快速處理問題天賦的人，也可能是(盡管可能性不大)在關(guān)鍵時(shí)間情況下進(jìn)行快速?zèng)Q策訓(xùn)練的產(chǎn)物。”）可知，神經(jīng)外科醫(yī)生在此方面的天賦是導(dǎo)致其快速處理問題的主要原因。故選B?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第五段第一句提到“Theresearcherssaidthestudywas,inpart,carriedouttolaytorestthequestionofwhetheroneoftheprofessionshadtheintellectualupperhand”（研究人員說，這項(xiàng)研究在一定程度上是為了解決是否有一種職業(yè)在智力上占上風(fēng)的問題）可知，這項(xiàng)研究意在解決這兩種職業(yè)智力優(yōu)勢的爭論。故選C?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。文章第一段提到了該項(xiàng)研究的結(jié)果“butresearchershavefoundaerospaceengineersandneurosurgeonsarenotnecessarilybrighterthanthegeneralpopulation.”（研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，航天工程師和神經(jīng)外科醫(yī)生并不一定比普通人聰明）在接下來的文章內(nèi)容中分別闡述了研究的內(nèi)容及研究的方面。最后一段得出結(jié)論“Essentiallywhatwethinkitshowsisthateveryonehasarangeofskills,somepeoplearebetteratsomethingsandotherpeoplearebetteratotherthings,anditisverydifficulttobebetterineverythingacrosstheboard.”（從本質(zhì)上說，我們認(rèn)為這表明每個(gè)人都有各種技能，有些人擅長某些事情，有些人擅長其他事情，要在所有方面都做得更好是很難的）由此判斷，本文的主要目的是告知人們認(rèn)知研究的結(jié)果。故選A?！军c(diǎn)睛】第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)多余選項(xiàng)。TheAncientChineseGameofGoWeiqi,knowninEnglishasGo,isoneofthefourskillsthatanancientChineseintellectual(知識(shí)分子)couldpossess.Ithasahistoryofwellover4,000yearsinChinaandremainspopular.Culturally,thisactivityisreally“morethanjustagame”.____36____OneofChina’sclassics,TheRomanceoftheThreeKingdoms,describesthefamousgeneralGuanYuplayingGowhilereceivingsurgeryonhisarm.HistorybookshaverecordedquiteanumberofardentGofansfromeachdynasty.Today,therearestillmanyinChina,JapanandSouthKorea.WuYulin,aprofessional,explainsitsattraction,“InGo,youcanlearnthedialectics(辯證法)andmilitarystratagems.____37____Therearenumerousvariationswithinthegameandyoucanneverreachthebottomofit.”____38____HuaYigang,SecretaryGeneraloftheChinaGoAssociation,remarksonthecharacter-buildingqualitiesofGo.“Youhavetobecomeentirelycalm,otherwiseyoucan’tplayit.Youhavetobeverystrongofmind.____39____Youmightmakemistakesduringagame,andthenhavetoreadjustyourmentalityinordertofighttotheend.”Infact,allofourmindscanbenefitfromplayingGo,whichofficiallyhasthecapacitytomakeyousmarter.ResearchhasshownthatchildrenwhoplayGohavethepotentialforgreaterintelligence.____40____Today,thenumberofGofansinChinaisat36millionandrising.SomeuniversitieslikeBeijingUniversityareevenofferingcoursesinGotoundergraduates.A.There’salwayslossandgain.B.It’sawarbetweenequalpowers.C.Thatisbecauseitmotivatesboththerightandleftsidesofthebrain.D.Youcanalsocultivateyourcharacterandimproveyourintelligence.E.Butmoreoften,ancientChineseplayedGotocultivatetheirmindandcharacter.F.TheinfluenceofGoonChinesesocietyisquiteevidentinliteratureworks.G.ManypeoplealsolovethisancientgamefortheChinesephilosophyitcontains.【答案】36.F37.D38.E39.A40.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了中國圍棋有益于人的智力和性格培養(yǎng)，并且已被某些大學(xué)納入必修課程?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)下文“OneofChina’sclassics,TheRomanceoftheThreeKingdoms,describesthefamousgeneralGuanYuplayingGowhilereceivingsurgeryonhisarm.(中國經(jīng)典名著之一《三國演義》講述了著名將領(lǐng)關(guān)羽在接受手臂手術(shù)時(shí)下圍棋的故事)”可知，和圍棋有關(guān)的故事出現(xiàn)在中國的一些經(jīng)典名著中。F項(xiàng)“TheinfluenceofGoonChinesesocietyisquiteevidentinliteratureworks.(圍棋對(duì)中國社會(huì)的影響在文學(xué)作品中表現(xiàn)得十分明顯)”符合題意，下文是對(duì)選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容的舉例說明。故選F?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“InGo,youcanlearnthedialectics(辯證法)andmilitarystratagems.(在圍棋中，你可以學(xué)習(xí)辯證法和軍事策略)”和下文“Therearenumerousvariationswithinthegameandyoucanneverreachthebottomofit.(棋局中有許多變化，你永遠(yuǎn)無法觸及它的底部)”可知，通過圍棋我們可以學(xué)習(xí)辯證法和軍事策略，并且預(yù)測不到結(jié)局。這是在描寫下圍棋的好處，由此可知，空處也應(yīng)是描寫下圍棋的好處。D項(xiàng)“Youcanalsocultivateyourcharacterandimproveyourintelligence.(你也可以培養(yǎng)你的性格和提高你的智力)”符合題意。故選D?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)下文“HuaYigang,SecretaryGeneraloftheChinaGoAssociation,remarksonthecharacter-buildingqualitiesofGo.(中國圍棋協(xié)會(huì)秘書長華毅剛談到了圍棋的品格塑造)”可知，圍棋可以培養(yǎng)人的品格和心性。E項(xiàng)“Butmoreoften,ancientChineseplayedGotocultivatetheirmindandcharacter.(但更多的時(shí)候，中國古人下棋是為了修身養(yǎng)性)”符合