Module3Unit2Wehavenotfoundlifeonanyotherplanetsyet.知識點(diǎn)課件英語八年級下冊

Scientists

think

that

there

has

been

life

on

the

earth

for

hundreds

of

millions

of

years.科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為地球上的生命已有數(shù)億年的歷史。(教材P20)&1&

there

has/have

been

已經(jīng)有……&2&

&3&

是there

be句型的現(xiàn)在完成時結(jié)構(gòu)，遵循"就近原則"，即謂語動詞的數(shù)與句子主語保持一致。There

have

been

great

changesin

our

country

in

the

last

ten

years.在過去的十年里，我們國家發(fā)生了巨大的變化。&4&

there

be的一般將來時結(jié)構(gòu)為：there

will

be或there

is/are

going

to

be。Let's

remember

that

there

will

be

obstacles

in

our

life.

We

must

face

them

bravely

and

solve

them.

讓我們記住我們的生活中會有障礙。我們必須勇敢地面對并解決它們。(河北中考)&5&

on

the

earth=onearth

在地球上；在世界上I

want

to

know

about

the

history

of

life

on

the

earth.

我想了解地球上的生命史。She

must

be

the

happiest

person

on

the

earth.

她一定是世界上最幸福的人。&6&

on

earth用于口語中，意為"究竟，到底"，常用于疑問詞后加強(qiáng)語氣。What

on

earth

is

the

problem?到底是什么問題？&7&

hundreds

of

millions

of數(shù)以億計的The

system

can

store

hundreds

of

millions

of

facts

about

people,

places

and

events.這個系統(tǒng)可以儲存上億條與人物、地點(diǎn)和事件相關(guān)的信息。(1)hundreds

of

"成百上千的"后均接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，表示概數(shù)thousands

of

"數(shù)以千計的，成千上萬的"millions

of

"數(shù)以百萬計的"billions

of

"數(shù)以十億計的"The

village

is

hundreds

of

years

old.

這個村子有數(shù)百年的歷史。(2)當(dāng)hundred、thousand、million、billion

與具體數(shù)字連用時，其后不加s，且其后不接of。There

are

two

thousand

people

in

the

meeting

room.

會議室里有兩千人。Seven

other

planets

also

go

around

the

sun.

還有七顆行星也繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。(教材P20)&9&

基數(shù)詞+other+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)

&10&

為常用結(jié)構(gòu)，意為"再/又……"，其中other可以用more替換。"基數(shù)詞+other/more+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)"相當(dāng)于"another+基數(shù)詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)"。I

have

two

other/more

questions

to

ask

you.=I

have

another

twoquestions

to

ask

you.我還有兩個問題要問你。none

/n?n/

pron.

沒有一人；沒有一個；一點(diǎn)兒也沒有&12&

none與no

oneNone

of

them

has

an

environment

like

that

of

the

earth,

so

scientists

do

not

think

they

will

find

life

on

them.這些行星中沒有一顆有像地球那樣的環(huán)境，因此科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為他們不會在它們上面發(fā)現(xiàn)生命。(教材P20)noneno

one意為"沒有一人；沒有一個；一點(diǎn)兒也沒有"，既可指人也可指物。是all的全部否定。意為"沒有人"，用來指人，與nobody同義。1."none

of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/人稱代詞復(fù)數(shù)"作主語時，謂語動詞用單、復(fù)數(shù)形式皆可。2."none

of+不可數(shù)名詞"作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。3.強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量，可用來回答how

many/how

much的提問。1.后不跟of短語，在句中作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。2.不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量，可用來回答who的提問。None

of

us

know(s)

the

news.

我們中沒有一個人知道這個消息。None

of

the

money

is

his.

沒有一分錢是他的。—How

many

people

are

there

in

that

room?

那個房間里有多少個人？—None.一個人也沒有?！狧ow

much

money

did

you

give

her?你給了她多少錢?—None.

一分也沒給。No

one/Nobody

knows

the

answer.沒有人知道答案。—Who

went

to

see

the

film?誰去看電影了?—No

one./Nobody.

誰也沒去。典例1

(鄂州中考)—I

tried

several

ways

to

work

out

the

math

problem,

but

___of

them

worked.—Never

give

up.

I

believe

you'll

make

it.CA.allB.each C.none D.neither【解析】句意：——我嘗試了好幾種方法來解答這道數(shù)學(xué)題，但是沒有一種方法能做出來?！灰艞?。我相信你會做出來的。all指三者或三者以上都,表示肯定意義；each指兩者或兩者以上的人或事物中的每一個，表示肯定意義；none指三者或三者以上都不，表示否定意義；neither指兩者都不，表示否定意義。根據(jù)題干中的several可判斷此處是三者或三者以上，且由表示轉(zhuǎn)折的but可知，此處表示否定意義。故選C。&13&

environment

/?n?va?r?nm?nt/

n.

環(huán)境&14&

作可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞均可，表示影響人或事物的行為或發(fā)展的環(huán)境。environment發(fā)音以元音音素開頭，其前的不定冠詞用an。People

can't

live

in

an

environment

without

air.人們不能在沒有空氣的環(huán)境里生存。The

earlier

we

take

action

to

protect

our

environment,

the

better

it

will

be

for

our

future.我們越早采取行動保護(hù)環(huán)境，對我們的未來就越有利。(昆明中考)&15&

(1)the

environment意為"自然環(huán)境；生態(tài)環(huán)境"。(2)environmental是形容詞，意為"自然環(huán)境的，有關(guān)環(huán)境的"。environmental

protection"環(huán)境保護(hù)"；environmental

pollution"環(huán)境污染"。&16&

that

/e?t/

pron.

那，那個(指代已被提及的事物)&17&

that用于代替前文提及的事物，在文中指代environment。that還可用于含有比較意味的句子中，代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時用those。In

winter,

the

weather

in

Beijing

is

much

colder

than

that

in

Guilin.冬天，北京的天氣比桂林的天氣冷得多。The

players

on

the

team

are

taller

and

stronger

than

those

on

our

team.那個隊(duì)的隊(duì)員比我們隊(duì)的隊(duì)員高且壯。典例2

(連云港中考)After

the

new

high-speed

railway

line

began

operations,

the

time

on

the

trip

from

Lianyungang

to

Qingdao

now

is

much

less

than

___

in

the

past.C

【解析】句意：新高速鐵路線開始運(yùn)行后，現(xiàn)在從連云港到青島的旅行時間比過去少多了。此處用that指代前面提到的"the

time

on

the

trip

from

Lianyungang

to

Qingdao"(從連云港到青島的旅行時間)，故選C。&18&

light

/la?t/

n.

光；光線；光亮&19&

在此作不可數(shù)名詞，意為"光；光線；光亮"。The

light

in

the

room

is

too

dim.

房間里的光線太暗了。They

are

very

far

away

and

their

light

has

to

travel

for

many

years

to

reach

us.它們非常遙遠(yuǎn),并且它們發(fā)出的光必須要經(jīng)過許多年才能抵達(dá)地球。(教材P20)&20&

light的其他用法：light作可數(shù)名詞，意為"電燈"Tom

must

be

in

his

room.

Thelight

in

his

room

is

on.湯姆一定在他的房間里。他房間里的燈亮著。作形容詞，有多種含義：①"明亮的，采光好的"②"淺色的"，反義詞是dark"深色的"③"輕的"，反義詞是heavy"重的"This

living

room

is

light

andairy.這個客廳明亮又通風(fēng)。I

like

light

colours.我喜歡淺顏色。This

bag

is

very

light.

I

cancarry

it.這個包很輕。我能拿得動。light作動詞，意為"點(diǎn)燃；照亮"，其過去式和過去分詞為lit/lit或lighted/lightedLight

the

candle.把蠟燭點(diǎn)上。續(xù)表&21&

reach

/ri?t?/

v.

到達(dá)；抵達(dá)&22&

&23&

作及物動詞，意為"到達(dá)"，其后直接跟地點(diǎn)，相當(dāng)于get

to或arrive

in/at。They

will

reach(=get

to/arrive

in)

Beijing

next

week.

他們將在下周到達(dá)北京。&24&

reach作動詞，還可意為"觸及；傳到"。With

the

help

of

the

Internet,

information

can

reach

every

corner

of

the

world

quickly.在網(wǎng)絡(luò)的幫助下，信息能夠迅速傳到世界的每一個角落。It

is

impossible

to

imagine.

那是難以想象的。(教材P20)&25&

impossible

/?m?p?s?bl/

adj.

(事情)辦不到的，不可能的&26&

由"im-(否定前綴)+possible(可能的)"構(gòu)成。常用在It's

impossible

(for

sb.)

to

do

sth."(對某人來說)做某事是不可能的"句型中。Nothing

is

impossible

if

you

don't

give

up.如果你不放棄，沒有什么是不可能的。It's

impossible

for

me

to

get

such

great

success

without

their

help.沒有他們的幫助，我不可能獲得如此大的成功。(海南中考)&27&

形容詞加前綴im-構(gòu)成其反義詞，常見的還有：polite(有禮貌的)—impolite(不禮貌的，粗魯?shù)?patient(有耐心的)—impatient(沒有耐心的)impossible&28&

形容詞/副詞+enough+to

do

sth.&29&

&30&

該結(jié)構(gòu)意為"足夠……可以做某事"，其否定形式為"not+形容詞/副詞+enough+to

do

sth."，意為"不夠……不可以做某事"。However,

no

spaceship

has

travelled

far

enough

to

reach

other

stars("形容詞/副詞+enough+to

do

sth."結(jié)構(gòu))

in

our

Galaxy.

然而，還沒有任何航天器飛行得足夠遠(yuǎn)以到達(dá)我們的銀河系中的其他恒星。(教材P20)Hurricane

winds

can

be

strong

enough

to

break

windows

into

pieces.

颶風(fēng)的強(qiáng)度足以將窗戶打碎。(蘇州中考)Jim

isn't

strong

enough

to

carry

the

big

box.

吉姆不夠強(qiáng)壯，搬不動那個大箱子。&31&

"形容詞/副詞+enough+to

do

sth."的肯定形式通常可與"so...that..."結(jié)構(gòu)相互轉(zhuǎn)換，其否定句通?？膳c"too...to..."結(jié)構(gòu)相互轉(zhuǎn)換。He's

clever

enough

to

get

over

many

difficulties.=He's

so

clever

that

he

can

get

over

many

difficulties.他很聰明，能夠克服許多困難。She

is

not

old

enough

to

go

to

school

this

autumn.=She

is

too

young

to

go

to

school

this

autumn.她不夠大，今年秋天還不能去上學(xué)。特別提醒(1)enough作形容詞修飾名詞時，通常放在名詞前(也可以放在名詞后)。I

have

enough

time

to

finish

the

work.我有足夠的時間來完成這項(xiàng)工作。(2)enough作副詞修飾形容詞或副詞時，要放在所修飾詞的后面。The

house

isn't

big

enough

for

us.這房子對我們來說不夠大。&32&

with+名詞/代詞+介詞短語&33&

&34&

本句中的"with

so

many

stars

in

the

universe"是"with+名詞/代詞+介詞短語"結(jié)構(gòu)。該結(jié)構(gòu)可位于句首或句末，在句中作狀語。Mary

was

sitting

near

the

fire,

with

her

back

tow