中考英語語法重點考點回顧與深入拓展

中考英語語法重點考點回顧與深入拓展匯報人：XX2024-02-06CATALOGUE目錄BasicknowledgesortingAnalysisofnounclausesAnExplorationofAttributiveandAdverbialClauseComparisonbetweeninfinitiveverbsandgerundsTheapplicationofsubjunctivemoodinvarioussentencestructuresCATALOGUE目錄AnalysisofInvertedSentenceandEmphasizingSentenceStructuresAnalysisofEllipsisandInsertionPhenomenonSummaryandExpansionofSituationalCommunicationPhrases01Basicknowledgesorting123Nouns,verbs,adjectives,adverbs,prepositions,conjunctions,pronouns,etc.ClassificationbywordclassSchool,family,hobbies,sports,food,festivals,etc.ClassificationbytopicWordformation,associationmemory,contextmemory,pronunciationandspellingrulesMemorymethodsVocabularyclassificationandmemorymethodsSubject,predicate,object,attributive,adverbial,complementSentencecomponentsSubject-predicatestructure,subject-predicate-objectstructureSimplesentencesCoordinatesentences,subordinatesentences,complexsentencesCompoundsentencesDeclarativesentences,interrogativesentences,imperativesentences,exclamatorysentencesSentencepatternsAnalysisofsentencecomponentsandstructureOverviewofBasicTenseandVoiceBasictensesPresenttense,pasttense,futuretenseFormsofverbsInfinitive,gerund,participleVoicesActivevoiceandpassivevoiceUsesoftensesandvoicesDescribingactionsorstatesindifferenttimeperiodsandemphasizingthesubjectorobjectoftheactionArticles:Definitearticles"the"andindefinitearticles"a/an"Prepositions:Indicatingtime,place,direction,method,purpose,etc.Collocationsandusageofarticles,pronouns,andprepositions:MasteringcommoncollocationsandusagetoavoidgrammaticalerrorsPronouns:Personalpronouns,possessivepronouns,reflexivepronouns,interrogativepronouns,indefinitepronounsRulesfortheuseofarticles,pronouns,andprepositions02AnalysisofnounclausesDefinitionAsubjectclauseisadependentclausethatfunctionsasthesubjectofasentence.Itusuallycomesatthebeginningofthesentencebutcanalsobefoundaftertheverbinsomecases.Examples"Whathesaidwasinteresting.""Thattheearthisroundisafact."UsagenotesSubjectclausesareoftenintroducedbysubordinatingconjunctionssuchas"what,""who,""whom,""whose,""which,""whatever,""whoever,"or"whichever."SubjectclauseDefinitionAnobjectclauseisadependentclausethatfunctionsastheobjectofaverb,apreposition,oranadjective.Itusuallycomesaftertheverborprepositioninasentence.Examples"Iknowthatheishonest.""Wearenotsurewhetherhewillcome."UsagenotesObjectclausescanbeintroducedbyawiderangeofsubordinatingconjunctions,including"that,""whether,""if,""who,""whom,""what,""which,""whose,""whoever,""whomever,""whatever,"and"whichever."Objectclause010203DefinitionApredicativeclauseisadependentclausethatfunctionsasthepredicativeofasubject-linkverbconstruction.Itcomesafterthelinkingverbanddescribesthesubjectofthesentence.Examples"Theproblemisthathedoesn'twanttocooperate.""Mysuggestionisthatweshouldtryagain."UsagenotesPredicativeclausesareoftenintroducedbythesubordinatingconjunction"that,"althoughtheycanalsobeintroducedbyotherconjunctionssuchas"whether,""who,""what,""which,"etc.PredicativeClauseDefinitionAnappositiveclauseisadependentclausethatfunctionsasanappositive,providingadditionalinformationaboutanounorpronouninthesentence.Itusuallycomesimmediatelyafterthenounorpronounitmodifies.Examples"Myfriend,whoisadoctor,advisedmetotakethismedicine.""Thenewsthathehadwontheprizemadeeveryonehappy."UsagenotesAppositiveclausesaretypicallysetoffbycommasandcanbeintroducedbyavarietyofsubordinatingconjunctions,including"who,""whom,""whose,""which,""that,"andrelativeadverbssuchas"where"and"when."Appositiveclause03AnExplorationofAttributiveandAdverbialClauseThat/which/who:Thesearethemostcommonlyusedguidingwordsforadjectiveclauses.Theycanbeusedtointroduceaclausethatmodifiesanounorpronoun,andtheirselectiondependsontheantecedentandthecontext.SelectionandFunctionofAdjectiveClauseGuidingWords

SelectionandFunctionofAdjectiveClauseGuidingWordsWhoseThisguidingwordisusedtointroduceapossessiveadjectiveclause,indicatingownershiporpossession.Where/whenTheseguidingwordsareusedtointroduceadjectiveclausesthatmodifyplaceortimenouns,respectively.WhyThisguidingwordisusedtointroduceanadjectiveclausethatexplainsthereasonforsomething."Whendidyouarrive?"Inthissentence,"when"introducesatimeadverbialclausethatmodifiesthemainverb"arrive."Timeadverbialclause"Whereveryougo,Iwillfollow."Here,"wherever"introducesaplaceadverbialclausethatmodifiesthemainverb"follow."Placeadverbialclause"SinceIwasill,Ididn'tgotoschool."Inthisexample,"since"introducesacauseadverbialclausethatexplainsthereasonfornotgoingtoschool.Causeadverbialclause"Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam."Here,"if"introducesaconditionadverbialclausethatsetsaconditionforpassingtheexam.ConditionadverbialclauseExamplesoftypesandusageofadverbialclausesLookforclausesthatmodifynounsorpronouns.Theyusuallycomeafterthenounstheymodifyandareintroducedbyrelativepronouns(suchaswho,which,that)orrelativeadverbs(suchaswhere,when,why).RecognizingattributiveclausesLookforclausesthatmodifyverbs,adjectives,orotheradverbs.Theyusuallycomebeforethemainclauseandareintroducedbysubordinatingconjunctions(suchasbecause,if,when).Adverbialclausescanalsoberecognizedbytheirabilitytoexpresstime,place,cause,condition,concession,orpurpose.RecognizingadverbialclausesRecognitionofattributiveandadverbialclausesincomplexsentencestructures04ComparisonbetweeninfinitiveverbsandgerundsTheinfinitiveverbcanactasthesubjectofasentence,expressinganactionorstatethatisthemainfocusofthesentence.Forexample,"Tolearnanewlanguageischallengingbutrewarding."Theinfinitiveverbcanalsoserveasthedirectobjectortheobjectofapreposition,indicatingtheactionorstatethatthesubjectintendstoperformorexperience.Forinstance,"Iwanttotraveltheworld."Insomecases,theinfinitiveverbcanfunctionasthepredicateofasentence,especiallyinsentenceswithmodalverbsorinellipticalsentences.Forexample,"Youmustfinishyourhomework."AsthesubjectAstheobjectAsthepredicateTheinfinitiveverbservesasthesubject,object,andpredicateAsthesubjectThegerund,whichisaverbformendingin"-ing,"canactasthesubjectofasentence,expressingageneralactionorstate.Forexample,"Readingbooksisoneofmyfavoritehobbies."AstheobjectThegerundcanalsoserveasthedirectobjectortheobjectofapreposition,indicatingtheactionorstatethatisbeingperformedorexperiencedbythesubject.Forinstance,"Ienjoywatchingmovies."AsthepredicateAlthoughitislesscommon,thegerundcansometimesfunctionasthepredicateofasentence,especiallyinsentenceswithalinkingverb.Forexample,"Myhobbyisgardening."Agerundservesasthesubject,object,andpredicateWhilebothinfinitiveverbsandgerundscanserveasnounsinasentence,theyhavedifferentfunctions.Infinitiveverbsoftenexpressafutureactionorstate,whilegerundstendtoexpressapresentorongoingactionorstate.Infinitiveverbsaretypicallyprecededbytheword"to,"whilegerundsendin"-ing."Additionally,infinitiveverbsretaintheiroriginalform,whilegerundsmayundergochangesinpronunciationandspelling.Infinitiveverbsareoftenusedaftercertainverbs,adjectives,andnounstoexpresspurpose,intention,orobligation.Ontheotherhand,gerundsarecommonlyusedafterprepositionsandasthesubjectofasentencewhenreferringtoageneralactivityorinterest.FunctionFormUsageThedifferencebetweeninfinitiveverbsandgerunds05TheapplicationofsubjunctivemoodinvarioussentencestructuresIf-clausesInconditionalsentencesintroducedby"if",thesubjunctivemoodisoftenusedtoexpresshypotheticalsituationsorconditionscontrarytofacts.Forexample,"IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakethejob."Unless-clausesSimilartoif-clauses,"unless"canalsointroduceconditionalsentences.Thesubjunctivemoodisusedtoemphasizethenecessityorimportanceofacertaincondition.Forinstance,"Unlesshecomes,wewon'tstartthemeeting."Provided/providing/suppose/supposing-clausesThesewordscanalsointroduceconditionalsentences,andthesubjunctivemoodisoftenusedtoexpresshypotheticalorimaginaryconditions.Forexample,"Providedthatyouarefreetomorrow,wecangoshopping."TheapplicationofsubjunctivemoodinconditionalsentencesSubjectclauses:Insubjectclauses,thesubjunctivemoodissometimesusedtoexpresswishes,suggestions,orders,orrequests.Forinstance,"Itisnecessarythathebepresentatthemeeting."Objectclauses:Inobjectclauses,thesubjunctivemoodcanbeusedtoexpressdoubts,regrets,wishes,orpossibilities.Forexample,"Isuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingtodiscusstheissue."Predicativeclauses:Predicativeclausesareclausesthatfunctionaspredicatesinsentences.Thesubjunctivemoodcanbeusedinpredicativeclausestoexpressvirtualorimaginarysituations.Forinstance,"Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)startearly."TheapplicationofsubjunctivemoodinnounclausesWishesandhopes:Whenexpressingwishesorhopes,thesubjunctivemoodisoftenused.Forexample,"IwishIwereabird."Suggestionsandrecommendations:Whenmakingsuggestionsorrecommendations,thesubjunctivemoodcanbeemployedtosoftenthetoneandmakethelanguagemorepolite.Forinstance,"Isuggestthatyoutakeabreak."Ordersanddemands:Informalorofficialcontexts,thesubjunctivemoodissometimesusedtoissueordersordemands.Forexample,"Itisessentialthatallemployeesarriveontime."Hypotheticalsituationsandimaginaryconditions:Thesubjunctivemoodisoftenusedtodescribehypotheticalsituationsorimaginaryconditionsthatarecontrarytofacts.Forinstance,"IfonlyIhadknownthetruthearlier."Othersituationsthatrequiretheuseofsubjunctivemood06AnalysisofInvertedSentenceandEmphasizingSentenceStructuresCompleteInversionIncompleteinversion,theverbcomesbeforethesubject.Forexample,"HadIknownthetruth,Iwouldhaveacteddifferently."PartialInversionInpartialinversion,onlypartoftheverbphraseisinverted.Forinstance,"Notonlydidhearrivelate,buthealsoforgothisbooks."CommonlyUsedInvertedStructuresCommoninvertedstructuresincludequestions,negativeadverbials,andsoon.010203ConceptsandExamplesofCompleteInversionandPartialInversionBasicStructureThebasicstructureoftheemphasizingsentenceis"Itis/was+emphasizedpart+that/who+therestofthesentence".Forexample,"ItwasJohnwhobrokethewindow."UsageScenariosThisstructureisoftenusedtoemphasizeaspecificpartofthesentence,suchasthesubject,object,oradverbial.CommonMistakesCommonmistakesincludeusing"that"insteadof"who"whenreferringtopeopleandviceversa,aswellasneglectingtouse"itis/was"atthebeginningofthesentence.Emphasizetheuseofsentencestructure"Itis/was...that/who"CombiningInvertedSentenceswithOtherComplexStructures:Invertedsentencescanbecombinedwithothercomplexstructuressuchasnounclauses,adjectiveclauses,andadverbialclausestocreatemoresophisticatedsentences.UsingEmphasizingSentencestoHighlightKeyInformation:Emphasizingsentencescanbeusedtohighlightkeyinformationinacomplexsentence,makingiteasierforreaderstounderstandthemainpoint.AvoidingAmbiguity:Whenusinginvertedandemphasizingsentencesincomplexpatterns,itisimportanttoavoidambiguitybyensuringthatthesentencestructureisclearandgrammaticallycorrect.TheApplicationofInvertedSentencesandEmphasizingSentencesinComplexSentencePatterns07AnalysisofEllipsisandInsertionPhenomenonOmissionofsubjects,predicates,objects,andothersentencecomponentsiscommoninellipsis,whichcanbedividedintonominalellipsis,verbalellipsis,andclausalellipsis.TypesofEllipsisEllipsiscanmakethelanguagemoreconciseandclear,avoidrepetition,andhighlightthekeyinformation.Itisoftenusedinoralcommunicationandwrittenlanguage.FunctionsofEllipsisOmittingsentencetypesandfunctionsInsertionreferstotheadditionofextralanguagecomponentsintoasentence,whichcanbedividedintoparentheticalinsertion,appositiveinsertion,andattributiveinsertionaccordingtotheirpositionsandfunctions.TypesofInsertionInsertioncansupplementnecessaryinformation,explainthemeaningofthesentence,andmakethelanguagemoreaccurateandcomplete.Itcanalsohelpadjustthesentencestructureandmaketheexpressionmorefluent.FunctionsofInsertionInsertionlanguagetypesandfunctionsApplicationofEllipsisandInsertioninComplexSentencePatternsEllipsisandinsertioncanhelpenhancethecoherenceandcohesionofthetextbyconnectingdifferentpartsofthesentenceorparagraphtogether.EnhancingCoherenceandCohesionEllipsisandinsertioncanbeusedtocombinesimplesentencesintocomplexsentences,makingthelanguagemorecompactandlogical.CombiningSimpleSentenceswithComplexSentencesByusingellipsisandinsertion,importantinformationcanbehighlightedwhilelessimportantdetailsareomitted,makingthelanguagemorefocusedandeffective.HighlightingKeyInformation08SummaryandExpansionofSituationalCommunicationPhrases010203GreetingsandfarewellsExpressionssuchas"Goodmorning,""Hello,""Goodbye,"and"Seeyoulater"arecommonlyusedindailylifetogreetandbidfarewelltoothers.ExpressingthanksandapologiesPhraseslike"Thankyou,""Thanksalot,""I'msorry,"and"Excuseme"areessentialforexpressinggratitudeandacknowledgingmistakesindailyinteractions.AskingforandgivinginformationDailylifeoftenrequiresaskingfordirections,makinginquiries,orsharinginformation,whichcanbeachievedthroughphraseslike"Couldyoutellme...,""WherecanIfind...,"and"Iheardthat..."CommunicativelanguageusedindailylifescenariosExpressingopinionsanda