河南省百師聯(lián)考2023-2024學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期1月期末英語試題【含答案解析】

2023-2024學(xué)年度高一1月聯(lián)考英語試題注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)等填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回?？荚嚂r(shí)間為120分鐘，滿分150分第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatwillthewomandotomorrow?A.Enjoyflowers.B.Watchbirds.C.Buyacamera.2.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Movinghouse.B.Workingovertime.C.Doingsomecleaning.3.WhoisLucy?A.Thewoman’sboss.B.Thewoman’sdaughter.C.Thewoman’sco-worker.4.Whereistheconversationprobablytakingplace?A.Inahospital.B.Inarestaurant.C.Inanoffice.5.Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Shewantstokeepthewindowopen.B.Themanshouldwearthickclothes.C.Themanneedstoseeadoctor.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7兩個(gè)小題。6.WhereisprobablyMatt?A.Athome.B.Onaflight.C.Inataxi.7.Whatgiftdidthewomanget?A.Aphone.B.Awatch.C.Ascarf.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9兩個(gè)小題。8.WhydoesAmylookunhappy?A.Shecan’tlookafterhersickmother.B.Shedidn’twinacompetition.C.Shefailedherfinalexams.9.WhatdoesAmyintendtodothiswintervacation?A.Travelaroundthecountry.B.Visittheman’shometown.C.ReturntoArgentina.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12三個(gè)小題。10.WhattimedoesJuliagotobed?A.At8:00p.m.B.At9:00p.m.C.At10:00p.m.11.WhathasupsetJulialately?A.Sheisfeelingunwell.B.Shehadabadcampingtrip.C.Herfatherspendslittletimewithher.12.HowdoesAndyfeelabouttheman?A.Worried.B.Dissatisfied.C.Concerned.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16四個(gè)小題。13.Whatistheletterfor?A.Applyingforacollege.B.Applyingforapassport.C.Applyingforascholarship.14.Whendidthewomanfinishwritingtheletter?A.Yesterdayafternoon.B.Severaldaysago.C.Thismorning.15.Whatdoesthewomanprobablythinkaboutletterwriting?A.Veryhard.B.Veryeasy.C.Quitefun.16.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Writerandreader.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Managerandsecretary.聽第10段材料.回答第17至20四個(gè)小題。17.Whatisthespeakerdoing?A.Reportingastudy.B.Chairingameeting.C.Teachingaclass.18.Whatshouldonepaymostattentiontowhentakingnotesaccordingtothespeaker?A.Listening.B.Reading.C.Writing.19.Whatisanadvantageofusingsymbolsinnote-taking?A.Itkeepsinformationsecret.B.Itleavesspaceforfutureuse.C.Itmakeskeywordsnoticeable.20.Whatwillthespeakerdonext?A.Askafewquestions.B.Showsomenotes.C.Makeasummary.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該選項(xiàng)涂黑。AOverthelastcentury,engineersallovertheworldhavesparednoefforttoachievetheunachievableinbridgedesign.Danyang-KunshanGrandBridgeNobridgeisaslongastheDanyang-KunshanGrandBridgeintheworld.The164.8-kilometre-longbridgebuiltin2011inChinaservesaspartoftheBeijing-ShanghaiHigh-SpeedRailway.ThetripfromNingbotoJiaxingthatpreviouslytook4.5hourshasbeenreducedtotwo,thankstothisbridge.Rio-NiteróiBridgeCompletedin1974,theRio-NiteróiBridgeinBrazilisthesecond-longestbridgeinallofLatinAmericaconnectingthecitiesofRioandNiteróiacrosstheGuanabaraBay.TheRio-NiteróiBridgeistechnicallyknownasa“box-girder(箱形梁)”bridge,madeofspecialconcrete.Itreceivesanastonishing140,000(ormore)vehiclesperday.HartlandCoveredBridgeTheHartlandCoveredBridgeistheworld’slongestcoveredbridge.The1,282-foot-longbridgewasopenedin1901andhasbeenonCanada’slistofNationalHistoricSitessince1980.Althoughitwasoriginallybuiltwithoutaroof,thebridgewascappedwithwoodenmaterialsduringtherepairsin1921.JiaozhouBayBridgeThenewly-builtJiaozhouBayBridgeinChinawasnamed“world’slongestbridgeoverwater”byGuinnessBookofWorldRecordsin2011,atitlepreviouslyheldbytheLakePontchartrainCauseway.Thedisputewassettledwhenthetitleof“l(fā)ongestcontinuousbridgeoverwater”wasgiventothecauseway,withtheJiaozhouBayBridgereceivingthetitleof“l(fā)ongestbridgeoverwater”.1.Onwhichofthefollowingcantrainspass?A.Danyang-KunshanGrandBridge.B.Rio-NiteróiBridge.C.HartlandCoveredBridge.D.JiaozhouBayBridge.2.WhatisspecialabouttheHartlandCoveredBridge?A.Itisabusybridge. B.Itwasbuiltin1980.C.Ithasaroof. D.Itisawoodenbridge.3.Wherecanyoufindthelongestbridgeoverwater?A.InAmerica. B.InBrazil. C.InCanada. D.InChina.【答案】1.A2.C3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了過去的一個(gè)世紀(jì)里人類修建的四座有特色的橋梁?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Danyang-KunshanGrandBridge中“The164.8-kilometre-longbridgebuiltin2011inChinaservesaspartoftheBeijing-ShanghaiHigh-SpeedRailway.(這座164.8公里長的大橋建于2011年，是京滬高速鐵路的一部分。)”可知，因?yàn)榈だヌ卮髽蚴蔷哞F的一部分，由此可知，火車可以從丹昆特大橋通過。故選A。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HartlandCoveredBridge中“Althoughitwasoriginallybuiltwithoutaroof,thebridgewascappedwithwoodenmaterialsduringtherepairsin1921.(雖然這座橋最初是沒有屋頂?shù)?，但?921年的維修期間，橋上覆蓋了木制材料。)”可知，加拿大哈特蘭廊橋的特別之處在于它有木制屋頂。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)JiaozhouBayBridge中“Thenewly-builtJiaozhouBayBridgeinChinawasnamed“world’slongestbridgeoverwater”byGuinnessBookofWorldRecordsin2011,atitlepreviouslyheldbytheLakePontchartrainCauseway.(2011年，中國新建的膠州灣大橋被吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄評(píng)為“世界上最長的水上橋梁”，此前該頭銜由龐恰特雷恩湖堤道保持。)”可知，在中國你可以找到最長的水上橋梁——膠州灣大橋。故選D。BKylewasaboyinmyfifthgradeclass.Whenwesatacrossfromeachother,hewouldreachhislegsandsteponmyfoot,causingrapidpain.Eventually,myseatwasmoved.ButKyle’sabusedidn’tstop.Hiswordswereannoyingtoaneleven-year-oldgirl.KylealsobulliedmyfriendMegan.Atonepointsheranoutoftheclassroombecausehecopiedhernonstop.Despitemeetingswithteachersandparents,nothingchanged.Thenoneday,Kyleforcedmeintoawallandinsulted(侮辱)mybrother.Withmyteacherstandingbehindme,ItoldKyleexactlyhowmuchhehadhurtMeganandmephysicallyandemotionally.Ihadtearsstreamingdownmyface,butIdidn’tcare.Intheend,IcheeredinsideasKylequietlyapologized.Kyle’steasingdidn’tcompletelyend,butitdefinitelysubsided,andthefinalmonthofschoolwentbyfairlysmoothly.Kylewasgoingtoaprivateschoolthenextyear.IhadonlyseenKyleonce,atamovietheater.Wedidn’tspeak,andpretendedwedidn’tseeeachother.LateronenightasIthoughtaboutthemarkshe’dleftonthetopsofmyfeet,thewords,andthepain,Ifeltnohateforhim.Instead,Ifeltpity.Thisboy,whohadruinedmuchofmyfifthgradeexperience,hadprobablybeengoingthroughhisownissuesthen.Hewasobviouslymadattheworldandmaybehewassimplytakingthatangeroutonmyfriendandme.IfeltthatbeingangrywithKyleforwhathehaddonewaslikedrinkingpoisonandexpectinghimtodie.ByholdingmyhateforKyleinside,Iwasonlyhurtingmyself.Thatnight,bylettinggoofthatpain,Ifeltfree.Withforgiveness,wecanletgoofunnecessaryburdensandtrulyownourlives.4.Whatdidtheauthordoabouthertrouble?A.Sheturnedtotheteacher.B.Shereportedittothepolice.C.Shequietlyacceptedallthis.D.SheshareditwithMegan.5.HowdidtheauthorfeelafterKyleapologized?A.Annoyed. B.Happy. C.Quiet. D.Frightened.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“subsided”meaninparagraph3?A.Increased. B.Supported. C.Reduced. D.Replaced.7.Whatdidtheauthorlearnfromtheexperience?A.Neverbeafraidtoexpressyourtruefeelings.B.Neverpitythosewithoutconcernforothers.C.Don’tletotherpeopleholdbackyourdreams.D.Don’ttakethepunishmentforothers’mistakes.【答案】4.A5.B6.C7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述的是作者讀小學(xué)的時(shí)候被同學(xué)欺凌，作者勇敢地怒斥對方之后得到了他的道歉，后來作者回想起那位同學(xué)給她帶來的不好的經(jīng)歷以及傷害時(shí)，她感悟到：我們應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)寬恕，放下心中沉重的負(fù)擔(dān)，繼續(xù)自己的生活?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)首段中“Despitemeetingswithteachersandparents,nothingchanged.(盡管與老師和家長會(huì)面，但一切都沒有改變。)”可知，作者對她遇到的麻煩向老師求助，但是沒什么改變。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Intheend,IcheeredinsideasKylequietlyapologized.(最后，當(dāng)凱爾悄悄地道歉時(shí)，我在心里歡呼。)”可知，最后凱爾低聲道歉了，作者內(nèi)心在歡呼，由此推斷作者此時(shí)感到快樂。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞前的“Kyle’steasingdidn’tcompletelyend(凱爾的戲弄并沒有完全結(jié)束)”可知，凱爾對作者的戲弄并沒有完全停止，根據(jù)“but”以及語境的連貫判斷，畫線詞的含義是“變少”符合語境。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)尾段中的“ByholdingmyhateforKyleinside,Iwasonlyhurtingmyself.Thatnight,bylettinggoofthatpain,Ifeltfree.Withforgiveness,wecanletgoofunnecessaryburdensandtrulyownourlives.(把對凱爾的恨藏在心里，只會(huì)傷害我自己。那天晚上，通過放下痛苦，我感到了自由。有了寬恕，我們就能放下不必要的負(fù)擔(dān)，真正擁有自己的生活。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為，如果繼續(xù)對他人心懷怨恨，只會(huì)傷害自己，學(xué)會(huì)寬恕，我們才能繼續(xù)自己的生活。由此可推斷，作者在自己的經(jīng)歷中感悟到的是：不要拿別人的錯(cuò)誤懲罰自己。故選D項(xiàng)。CChangecanbeunsettling.Goodorbad,excitingorunexpected,there’sanundeniableanxietythataccompaniesseeingourlivesshift.Thankfully,natureremindsusthatenteringanewseasoninourlivesisnothingtofearbutsomethingtoenjoy.What’snowknownas“l(fā)eaf-peeping”hasbecomeahighlyprofitableformoftourismintheUnitedStates.Aresearchshowsthatacrossstatesintheeasternhalfofthecountry,fallfoliage(葉子)tourismcontributesmorethan$30billiontolocaleconomies.Andeventhoughclimatechangehasmadeintmoredifficulttopredictwhenexactlyfoliagewillpeak,ithasn’tstoppedpeoplefromtryingtofigureitout.TourismleadersfromtheSmokyMountainsrecentlyreleasedtheirannualfallfoliagepredictionmapwhichhelpstravelersplanoutwhentheyhavethebestchancetocatchthosebeautifulautumnviews.Perhapspartofwhatmakesthefoliagesospecialisthebeliefthatit’stemporary.Eventually,brancheswillbecomebare,andwe’llstoptakingphotosforsocialmedia.Andastheseasonschangeandwefeelthatfamiliarlongingforwhatwas,treeswillonceagainembrace(欣然接受)theirevolution.Evenwhentheyaren’tdecoratedwithflashyfallcolorsandtheirinternalsystemsslowdown,treesarestillsupportingtheecosystem.Theirfallenleavesarebrokendownbybacteriaandfungiandprovidethesoilwithnutrientsthetreeneedstogrow.Insectstakeupshelterintheirbark,eventuallybecomingfoodforotherwildlifeseekingaplacetonest.Theirstrongrootsstabilizethesoil,preventingerosion(侵蝕)fromwintersnowmelt.Rightnow,treesaroundthecountryarealreadybeginningtowelcometheirnextchapter.Duringthistimeoftheyear,itfeelslikeforestsarejustofferingendlessjoyforfree.Andfallfoliageisaneverlastingreminderthatthegrowthwithchangesisbeautiful.8.Whatdoes“l(fā)eaf-peeping”referto?A.Aformoftourismwherepeoplegotoseefallfoliage.B.Ameasuretakenbytourismleaderstoprotecttrees.C.Aresearchabouttheeffectsofclimatechangeontrees.D.Amethodforpredictingwhenfallfoliagewillpeak.9.Whydopeoplefindfallfoliagesospecial?A.Itbringschangetodailylife. B.Itcontributestolocaleconomy.C.Ithelpspreserveecosystems. D.Itlastsonlyforashorttime.10.Whatcanwelearnabouttreesinfallfromparagraph4?ATheyareeasilydamagedbybacteria. B.Theystoprootingduetocoldweather.C.Theycontinueprovidingshelterforwildlife. D.Theyplayaroleinreducingsnowfall.11.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TreesSupportingtheEcosystem B.LessonfromTrees:EmbracingChangeC.FallFoliageTourismintheUS D.ClimateChangesintheSeasonofFall【答案】8.A9.D10.C11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了在美國，觀賞秋葉成為了一種盈利性的旅游方式，秋天的樹木給我們帶來無盡的歡樂，也是成長與變化之美的永恒象征?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“What’snowknownas“l(fā)eaf-peeping”hasbecomeahighlyprofitableformoftourismintheUnitedStates.Aresearchshowsthatacrossstatesintheeasternhalfofthecountry,fallfoliagetourismcontributesmorethan$30billiontolocaleconomies.

(在美國，現(xiàn)在所謂的“賞葉”已經(jīng)成為一種高利潤的旅游形式。一項(xiàng)研究表明，在美國東半部的各州，賞葉旅游為當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)貢獻(xiàn)了300多億美元。)”可知，leaf-peeping指的是人們?nèi)タ绰淙~的一種旅游方式。故選A。【9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Perhapspartofwhatmakesthefoliagesospecialisthebeliefthatit’stemporary.

(也許樹葉如此特別的部分原因是人們相信它是暫時(shí)的。)”可知，人們覺得秋天的樹葉如此特別是因?yàn)樗怀掷m(xù)很短的時(shí)間。故選D?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“Insectstakeupshelterintheirbark,eventuallybecomingfoodforotherwildlifeseekingaplacetonest.

(昆蟲躲在樹皮里，最終成為其他尋找巢穴的野生動(dòng)物的食物。)”可知，秋天的樹雖然葉子落下了，但仍為野生動(dòng)物提供食物和庇護(hù)。故選C?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第二段的“Changecanbeunsettling.Goodorbad,excitingorunexpected,there’sanundeniableanxietythataccompaniesseeingourlivesshift.Thankfully,natureremindsusthatenteringanewseasoninourlivesisnothingtofearbutsomethingtoenjoy.(變化可能令人不安。無論是好是壞，令人興奮還是出乎意料，看到我們的生活發(fā)生變化，總有一種不可否認(rèn)的焦慮。值得慶幸的是，大自然提醒我們，進(jìn)入生命的新季節(jié)沒有什么可怕的，而是值得享受的。)”可知，文章介紹秋天的到來有著好的一面也有壞的一面，但不管怎樣生命的新陳代謝提醒人們要用心去擁抱和接受一切，因此B項(xiàng)(樹木帶來的啟示：擁抱變化)能夠概括文章內(nèi)容，適合作為標(biāo)題，故選B。DWhatmakesawordreal?Whohasthepowertomakethosekindsofofficialdecisionsaboutwords?Thosearethequestionsmanypeoplehaveinmind.Whenmostpeoplesayawordisn’treal,whattheymeanisthatitdoesn’tappearinadictionary.That,ofcourse,raisessomeotherquestions,including,whowritesdictionaries?Now,dictionariesaregoodresources,buttheyarechangeable.Ifyouaskdictionaryeditors,whatthey’lltellyouisthatthey’rejusttryingtokeepupwithpeopleaspeoplechangethelanguage.They’rewatchingwhatpeoplesayandwhatpeoplewriteandtryingtofigureoutwhat’sgoingtostickandwhat’snotgoingtostick.EveryJanuary,dictionaryeditorsgototheAmericanDialectSocietyMeetingeveryyear,whereamongotherthings,theydecideonthewordoftheyear.Thereareabout200or300peoplewhocome.SomeofthemarethebestknownlinguistsintheUnitedStates.Inthepast,someofthewinnershavebeen“staycation”todescribeavacationspentathomeand“tweet”todescribeapostmadeonthesocialnetworkingserviceTwitter.Sohowdoesawordgetintoadictionary?Itgetsinbecausepeopleuseitandpeoplekeepusingit,anddictionaryeditorsarepayingattentiontopeople.Ifacommunityofspeakersisusingawordandknowswhatitmeans,it’sreal.Thatwordmightbeinformalandthatwordmightbeawordthatyouthinkisillogicalorunnecessary,butaslongaspeopleareusingtheword,itisreal.Ihopethatwhatyoucandoistofindlanguagechangenotannoyingbutfunandinteresting,justthewaydictionaryeditorsdo.Ihopeyoucanenjoybeingpartofthecreativitythatiscontinuallyremakingourlanguageandkeepingitalive.12.Whydodictionarieschangeovertime?A.Speakerskeepchanginglanguage. B.Linguistsoftenmakeupnewwords.C.Dictionaryeditorschangeeveryyear. D.Wordsinthedictionaryareoutofdate.13.Whohastherighttodecidethewordoftheyear?A.Newwordsinventors. B.AmericanOfficials.C.Dictionaryeditors. D.Famouslinguists.14.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardslanguagechanging?A.Worried. B.Positive. C.Uninterested. D.Confused15.Wheredoesthispassagemostprobablycomefrom?A.Asciencefiction. B.Ahistorybook. C.Anewsreport. D.Apopularmagazine.【答案】12.A13.C14.B15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了語言會(huì)隨著人們的使用而變化，進(jìn)而字典也會(huì)發(fā)生變化，并介紹了新詞是如何進(jìn)入字典的?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Now,dictionariesaregoodresources,buttheyarechangeable.Ifyouaskdictionaryeditors,whatthey’lltellyouisthatthey’rejusttryingtokeepupwithpeopleaspeoplechangethelanguage.

(現(xiàn)在，字典是很好的資源，但是它們是多變的。如果你問詞典編輯，他們會(huì)告訴你，他們只是想跟上人們改變語言的步伐。)”可知，人們語言一直在發(fā)生變化，字典的變化為了跟上人們改變語言的步伐。故選A?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“EveryJanuary,dictionaryeditorsgototheAmericanDialectSocietyMeetingeveryyear,whereamongotherthings,theydecideonthewordoftheyear.(每年一月，詞典編輯們都會(huì)參加美國方言協(xié)會(huì)年會(huì)，在那里他們會(huì)決定年度詞匯。)”可知，每年的一月，字典編纂者會(huì)去美國方言協(xié)會(huì)參加年度會(huì)議，他們會(huì)決定年度詞匯。故選C?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Ihopethatwhatyoucandoistofindlanguagechangenotannoyingbutfunandinteresting,justthewaydictionaryeditorsdo.Ihopeyoucanenjoybeingpartofthecreativitythatiscontinuallyremakingourlanguageandkeepingitalive.(我希望你能做的是發(fā)現(xiàn)語言的變化不是煩人的，而是有趣的，就像字典編輯一樣。我希望你能享受成為創(chuàng)造力的一部分，不斷地重塑我們的語言，讓它保持活力。)”可知，作者希望人們能夠意識(shí)到：語言變化不是令人煩惱的而是有趣的，能享受成為創(chuàng)造力的一部分，不斷地重塑我們的語言，讓它保持活力；由此可知，作者對于語言變化的態(tài)度是積極的。故選B?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是根據(jù)最后一段“Sohowdoesawordgetintoadictionary?Itgetsinbecausepeopleuseitandpeoplekeepusingit,anddictionaryeditorsarepayingattentiontopeople.Ifacommunityofspeakersisusingawordandknowswhatitmeans,it’sreal.Thatwordmightbeinformalandthatwordmightbeawordthatyouthinkisillogicalorunnecessary,butaslongaspeopleareusingtheword,itisreal.

(那么一個(gè)單詞是如何進(jìn)入字典的呢?它之所以被收錄，是因?yàn)槿藗冊谑褂盟?，而且一直在使用它，詞典編輯們也在關(guān)注人們。如果一群人在使用一個(gè)詞，并且知道它的意思，那么這個(gè)詞就是真實(shí)的。那個(gè)詞可能是非正式的，那個(gè)詞可能是一個(gè)你認(rèn)為不合邏輯或不必要的詞，但只要人們在使用這個(gè)詞，它就是真實(shí)的。)”可知，本文主要闡述了語言會(huì)隨著人們的使用而變化，進(jìn)而字典也會(huì)發(fā)生變化，并介紹了新詞是如何進(jìn)入字典的；由此可知，本文最有可能來自面向大眾的通俗雜志，向人們介紹有關(guān)詞典的知識(shí)。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Sayyou’reonvacationatNiagaraFalls.Youwanttotakeanamazingphotothatcaptures(捕捉)theexceptionalbeautyofthewaterfalls.____16____Thethingisyou’renotaprofessionalphotographer.So,whatdoyoudo?Herearesometipsthatcanstepupyourphotographygame.____17____Beforeyousnap(拍攝)ashot,askyourself:Whatareyoutryingtodocumentandwhy?Thatmaybeassimpleassayingtoyourself:“I’mgoingtotakeapictureofthispaintingatthemuseumbecauseIlikethecolors.”Itcanhelpyoufocusonwhatyouwanttoremember.Makeashotlist.Professionalphotographersoftencreate“shotlists”—achecklistofeveryphototheyhopetocapture,alongwithnotesonstyleandcomposition—toensuretheygetthecoveragetheyneed.Youcantrythissameapproachonyourvacation.____18____Capturetheordinary.____19____Thesescenesmaynotfeelimpressiveenoughtophotographinthemoment,butthey’reonesyou’relikelytowanttorememberafteryourtripisover.Theimagesmaybeassimpleasyourdadnapping(打盹)ontheplaneoryourbelovedbackpack.Studyyourphotos.Itcanbehardtoappreciateyourphotosintherushofatrip.____20____You’llmostlikelyfindsomesurprises—aglance(一瞥)ofafriendinthebackgroundoradangling(懸掛的)flowerfromatreebranch.Keepaneyeoutforanythingthatmakesyouhappy.Aboveall,whatmattersisthatthephotoismeaningfultoyou.A.Learnfromtheprofessionals.B.Thinkbeforeyoutakeaphoto.C.Trytocapturemomentsorobjectsthatmayseem“ordinary”.D.Thus,waituntilyou’rebackhometostudyyourimagesmorecarefully.E.Makinguseofyoursensesisanotherwaytoadddimensiontoyourpictures.F.Howeveryoudon’twanttotakethesamephotothateveryoneelseistaking.G.Suchalistcanhelpfigureoutyourphotogoalsandidentifywhatyou’remostexcitedabout.【答案】16.F17.B18.G19.C20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了在度假時(shí)拍攝優(yōu)質(zhì)照片的幾個(gè)技巧。16題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Sayyou’reonvacationatNiagaraFalls.Youwanttotakeanamazingphotothatcaptures(捕捉)theexceptionalbeautyofthewaterfalls.(假設(shè)你在尼亞加拉大瀑布度假。你想拍一張?bào)@人的照片，捕捉到瀑布的非凡之美)”指出假設(shè)你正在尼亞加拉瀑布度假，你想拍一張令人驚嘆的照片，捕捉瀑布的非凡之美。下文“Thethingisyou’renotaprofessionalphotographer.So,whatdoyoudo?Herearesometipsthatcanstepupyourphotographygame.(問題是你不是專業(yè)攝影師。那么，你是怎么做的?這里有一些技巧可以提高你的攝影水平)”提到了你并非專業(yè)攝影師，那么你會(huì)怎么做，接下來的幾段介紹了能提高攝影水平的幾個(gè)技巧，可知本句與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，指出想拍出不同的照片。故F選項(xiàng)“但是，你不會(huì)想拍和別人拍的一樣的照片”符合語境，故選F?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“Beforeyousnap(拍攝)ashot,askyourself:Whatareyoutryingtodocumentandwhy?Thatmaybeassimpleassayingtoyourself:“I’mgoingtotakeapictureofthispaintingatthemuseumbecauseIlikethecolors.”Itcanhelpyoufocusonwhatyouwanttoremember.(在你拍照之前，問問你自己：你想要記錄什么，為什么？這可能就像對自己說:“我要在博物館給這幅畫拍張照片，因?yàn)槲蚁矚g它的顏色?！彼梢詭椭銓Ｗ⒂谀阆胍涀〉臇|西)”可知，設(shè)空處為小標(biāo)題，起總結(jié)全段主旨的作用。通讀該段內(nèi)容可知，該段介紹的技巧是在拍照之前，你可以問問自己：你想記錄什么？為什么？B項(xiàng)概括了本段主旨，適合作小標(biāo)題。故B選項(xiàng)“拍照前要三思”符合語境，故選B?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Professionalphotographersoftencreate“shotlists”—achecklistofeveryphototheyhopetocapture,alongwithnotesonstyleandcomposition—toensuretheygetthecoveragetheyneed.Youcantrythissameapproachonyourvacation.(專業(yè)攝影師通常會(huì)創(chuàng)建“拍攝清單”——一份他們希望拍攝的每張照片的清單，以及風(fēng)格和構(gòu)圖的注釋——以確保他們得到他們需要的內(nèi)容。你可以在度假時(shí)嘗試同樣的方法)”說明了專業(yè)攝影師通常會(huì)擬訂一個(gè)“拍攝清單”，確保他們能拍到自己想要的內(nèi)容。在度假時(shí)，你也可以嘗試一下這個(gè)方法。G項(xiàng)中的Suchalist呼應(yīng)上文中的shotlists。故G選項(xiàng)“這樣的清單可以幫助你找出你的攝影目標(biāo)，并確定你最感興趣的是什么”符合語境，故選G?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)該段小標(biāo)題“Capturetheordinary.(捕捉平凡)”可知，該段介紹的拍照技巧是捕捉普通的事物，C項(xiàng)中的capture和ordinary分別與小標(biāo)題中的Capture和ordinary構(gòu)成原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故C選項(xiàng)“試著捕捉那些看起來“普通”的瞬間或物體”符合語境，故選C。【20題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Itcanbehardtoappreciateyourphotosintherushofatrip.(在匆忙的旅行中很難欣賞你的照片)”說明了在匆忙的旅行中，你可能很難顧得上欣賞你的照片。下文“You’llmostlikelyfindsomesurprises—aglance(一瞥)ofafriendinthebackgroundoradangling(懸掛的)flowerfromatreebranch.Keepaneyeoutforanythingthatmakesyouhappy.Aboveall,whatmattersisthatthephotoismeaningfultoyou.(你很可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一些驚喜——背景中朋友的一瞥，或者樹枝上懸掛著的一朵花。留意任何能讓你開心的事情。最重要的是，照片對你來說是有意義的)”指出你很可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一些驚喜，并進(jìn)行舉例說明。D項(xiàng)中的studyyourimages與小標(biāo)題Studyyourphotos相呼應(yīng)。故D選項(xiàng)“因此，等到你回家后再仔細(xì)研究你的照片”符合語境，故選D。第三部分英語知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Ihadspentsometimeinthemorningtalkingtomy9-year-oldgranddaughteraboutbeing“generous”.Shehadalotofchocolates.Iaskedherifshehadthoughtabouthowshewasgoingto____21____hergoodfortunewithhersister?“No!”shesaid.That’swhyI____22____hertoshare,andwhyit’sgoodtobegenerous.Notsureifshewasconvinced,wethen____23____outonthetown,inSydney.IwantedtoshowherChinatownandshopatthemarkets.AftershoppingItookhertoa____24____.Sheisafussy(挑剔的)eater.Shewashavingagoodtimeandeventriedsomenew____25____whileItaughtherhowto____26____chopsticks.Inoticedamansittingnearmehavinglunch.Thenhegotupto____27____andpaidforour____28____.ThecountergirlcheckedwithusifthatwasOK.Iwasso____29____.ThenhewasgonebeforeIreallyhad_____30_____tothankhim.Mygranddaughterwas_____31_____touchedbythis.Wewerethenalsogifteddessertbyourwaitress.Good_____32_____cameinpairs.Whenwewereleaving,Igavethem$5asa_____33_____.ThenIsaidtomygranddaughter,“Wedon’treallyneeda_____34_____lunch,dowe?Sonowwehavetopayourgoodfortuneforwardtosomeoneelse.”She_____35_____immediatelyandwaslookingforahomelesspersonaftershegotmoney.21.A.discuss B.argue C.share D.play22.A.warmed B.encouraged C.ordered D.forced23.A.wiped B.watched C.worked D.headed24.A.restaurant B.cinema C.shop D.theatre25.A.drinks B.tastes C.cakes D.tables26.A.use B.choose C.enjoy D.recognize27.A.hide B.escape C.explain D.leave28.A.room B.meal C.goods D.taxi29.A.moved B.confused C.annoyed D.stressed30.A.money B.excuse C.time D.permission31.A.shyly B.simply C.completely D.generally32.A.chances B.things C.services D.customers33.A.tip B.bill C.postcard D.form34.A.delicious B.cheap C.rich D.free35.A.argued B.hesitated C.panicked D.agreed【答案】21.C22.B23.D24.A25.B26.A27.D28.B29.A30.C31.C32.B33.A34.D35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者想要教會(huì)孫女學(xué)會(huì)分享，于是帶孫女外出，結(jié)果一位陌生男子為他們付了飯錢，服務(wù)員還送了甜品，而孫女也學(xué)到了慷慨大方的意義。【21題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我問她是否想過如何與妹妹分享她的好運(yùn)？A.discuss討論；B.argue爭論；C.share分享；D.play玩耍。根據(jù)上文“Ihadspentsometimeinthemorningtalkingtomygranddaughteraboutbeing“generous”.Shehadalotofchocolates.”以及后文“That’swhyI____2____hertoshare”可知，作者想讓孫女分享自己的巧克力。故選C項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這就是為什么我鼓勵(lì)她分享，以及為什么慷慨大方是件好事。A.warmed溫暖；B.encouraged鼓勵(lì)；C.ordered命令；D.forced迫使。根據(jù)上文“Ihadspentsometimeinthemorningtalkingtomy9-year-oldgranddaughteraboutbeing“generous”.”以及后文“hertoshare,andwhyit’sgoodtobegenerous”可知，作者一直在鼓勵(lì)孫女與他人分享。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我不確定她是否被說服了，然后我們?nèi)チ讼つ岬男℃?zhèn)。A.wiped擦去；B.watched觀看；C.set設(shè)置；D.headed前往。根據(jù)后文“outonthetown,inSydney”可知，此處指他們前往了悉尼的小鎮(zhèn)，headout“出發(fā)”。故選D項(xiàng)。【24題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：購物后，我?guī)チ艘患也宛^。A.restaurant餐廳；B.cinema電影院；C.shop商店；D.theatre劇院。根據(jù)后文“whileItaughtherhowto____6____chopsticks.”以及“Inoticedamansittingnearmehavinglunch.Thenhegotupto____7____andpaidforour____8____.”可知，作者購物后帶孫女去了餐廳。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她玩得很開心，甚至在我教她如何使用筷子的時(shí)候嘗試了一些新的口味。A.drinks飲料；B.tastes味道；C.cakes蛋糕；D.tables桌子。根據(jù)上文“Sheisafussyeater.Shewashavingagoodtimeandeventriedsomenew”可知，此處指挑食的孫女嘗試了一些新的口味。故選B項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她玩得很開心，甚至在我教她如何使用筷子的時(shí)候嘗試了一些新的口味。A.use使用；B.choose選擇；C.enjoy欣賞；D.recognize識(shí)別。根據(jù)后文“chopsticks”可知，此處指使用筷子，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞use。故選A項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然后他起身離開，并且付了我們的飯錢。A.hide隱藏；B.escape逃走；C.explain解釋；D.leave離開。根據(jù)后文“ThenhewasgonebeforeIreallyhad____10____tothankhim.”可知，此處指男子起身要離開的時(shí)候。故選D項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然后他起身離開，并且付了我們的飯錢。A.room房間；B.meal膳食；C.goods商品；D.taxi出租車。根據(jù)前文“AftershoppingItookhertoa____4____.”以及后文“tothankhim”可知，此處指的是作者帶孫女去參觀吃飯時(shí)一名男子想要支付作者他們的飯錢。故選B項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我很感動(dòng)。A.moved感動(dòng)的；B.confused困惑的；C.annoyed生氣的；D.stressed緊張的。根據(jù)上文“Thenhegotupto____7____andpaidforour____8____.”可知，一位陌生人為作者他們支付了飯錢，所以作者一定很感動(dòng)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我還沒來得及感謝他，他就走了。A.money金錢；B.excuse借口；C.time時(shí)間；D.permission允許。根據(jù)上文“ThenhewasgonebeforeIreallyhad”以及空后“tothankhim”可知，此處指作者還沒來得及感謝男子，男子就離開了，此處指沒有時(shí)間感謝對方。故選C項(xiàng)。【31題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：.我的孫女完全被感動(dòng)了。A.shyly害羞地；B.simply僅僅；不過；C.completely完全地；徹底地；D.generally大概；普遍地。根據(jù)空后“touchedbythis.”可知，此處指孫女被完全感動(dòng)了。故選C項(xiàng)。【32題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：好事成雙。A.chances機(jī)會(huì)；B.things事情；C.services服務(wù)；D.customers顧客。根據(jù)上文“Thenhegotupto____7____andpaidforour____8____.”以及“Wewerethenalsogifteddessertbyourwaitress.”可知，陌生人為作者付了飯錢，服務(wù)員還送了甜點(diǎn)，所以在作者看來是好事成雙，“Goodthingscameinpairs.(好事成雙)”，為固定表達(dá)。故選B項(xiàng)。【33題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我們離開時(shí)，我給了他們5美元作為小費(fèi)。A.tip小費(fèi)；建議；B.bill賬單；C.postcard明信片；D.form形式；表格。根據(jù)空前“Whenwewereleaving,Igavethem$5asa”可知，此處指作者給了他們5美元的小費(fèi)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然后我對孫女說：“我們真的不需要免費(fèi)的午餐，對吧？所以現(xiàn)在我們必須把我們的好運(yùn)傳遞給別人?！盇.delicious美味的；B.cheap便宜的；C.rich富有的；D.free免費(fèi)的。根據(jù)上文可知陌生人為他們付了飯錢，所以是免費(fèi)的午餐。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她立刻同意了，拿到錢后正在找一個(gè)無家可歸的人。A.argued爭論；辯論；B.hesitated猶豫；C.panicked驚慌；恐慌；D.agreed同意。根據(jù)空后“immediatelyandwaslookingforahomelesspersonaftershegotmoney.”可知，此處指孫女立刻同意了我的提議。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Aswintercomes,handsandfeetcaneasilygetcold.Thickglovesmightbeagood____36____(choose),yetsometimeswearingthemisnotconvenient.____37____,thiswasnotaproblemforancientChinesepeople,whohadafinetool____38____(keep)theirhandswarm:handwarmers.Thereisno____39____(write)recordabouttheoriginofthistool,butthereisastoryaboutitsinvention.EmperorYangdifromtheSuiDynastyvisitedJiangsuinwinter.Duetothebittercold,thelocalofficialaskedcraftsmentomakeasmallwarmerfor____40____emperorthatcouldbeheldinhishands.Thusthehandwarmer____41_