專題01 閱讀理解記敘文說(shuō)明文（解析版）

專題01閱讀理解記敘文&說(shuō)明文(1)（江蘇省鹽城市三校2022-2023學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期中）ArchanChanrecallsherfirstexperienceworkinginaChineserestaurantmorethan14yearsago.Employedasanapprentice(學(xué)徒)chef,shewasoneofjusttwowomeninthekitchen—theother’sonlyjobwastobeateggs.“Shewasunbelievablyfastatbeatingeggs.IguessforawomantosurviveinatraditionalChinesekitchenbackthen,youhadtobethebestinsomething,”shesays.Today,ChanleadsthekitchenofHoLeeFook,oneofHongKong’smostpopularrestaurants.AfterspendingmorethanadecadeworkinginfinediningrestaurantsinAustraliaandSingapore,sheisoneofafewfemalechefswhohaverisentothetopofahigh-endChineserestaurant.That’sanimpressiveachievement,givenhowunbelievablychallengingithasbeenforwomentoshowinhigh-endChinesekitchens.Femalechefshavelongbeenaminorityinprofessionalkitchensaroundtheworld.ButthesituationisevensevererinChinesekitchens.There’snodenyingtheworkisphysicallydemanding—anemptypotweighsabout2.2kilograms.Inthepast,fewchefswouldriskemployingafemaletraineeintothattoughenvironment.Givenallofthesebarriers,notmanywomenwouldevenconsiderthismale-dominatedindustryasanattractivecareerpath.Thankfully,therearesignsofashiftinmindset—thenumberoffemaleChineseheadchefshasbeenrisinginrecentyears.“Evenifit’sakitchenalmostfullofmen,alleveryonecaresaboutisfood—thecooking.Theydon’tcareifyou’reamaleorfemale.Gendershouldn’tmatter,”Chansays.“Yes,thereisaphysicalbarrierbutIthinkthementalbarriermaybemoreofabarriertotheincreaseofwomeninChinesekitchens,”Chanadds.“Itisn’tjustabouthowmuchyouwantitbuthowmuchhardworkyou’rewillingtoputintoit.Therearedayswhenyoufeellikeyourarmsarefallingapartandyoucan’tmovethemanymore,butthenextday,you’restrongerandmaybeabletoworkaheavierwork.”1.WhatcanwelearnaboutArchanChan?A.Shegotarapidpromotion. B.Shedoesbestinbeatingeggs.C.SheisthebestfemalechefinChina. D.Shemadeagreatachievementinhercareer.2.What’sacauseofveryfewfemalechefsinprofessionalkitchens?A.Kitchenisatoughplaceforwomen. B.Womenareafraidofphysicalwork.C.Customerscareaboutthegenderofthechef. D.Womenfacebothmentalandphysicalbarriers.3.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeArchanChan?A.Strong-willed. B.Open-minded. C.Cool-headed. D.Kind-hearted.4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Femalechefshaverisentothetop. B.Femalechefshavelongbeenaminority.C.Femalechefsareprovingdoubterswrong. D.Femalechefsarereplacingmalechefsgradually.【答案】1.D2.D3.A4.C【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。在女性當(dāng)廚師要面臨著身體上和精神上的兩重障礙時(shí)，陳用自身經(jīng)歷證明了女性也可以當(dāng)廚師。1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Today,ChanleadsthekitchenofHoLeeFook,oneofHongKong'smostpopularrestaurants.AfterspendingmorethanadecadeworkinginfinediningrestaurantsinAustraliaandSingapore,sheisoneofafewfemalechefswhohaverisentothetopofahigh-endChineserestaurant.(如今，陳領(lǐng)導(dǎo)著香港最受歡迎的餐廳之一——HoLeeFook的廚房。在澳大利亞和新加坡的高級(jí)餐廳工作了十多年后，她是少數(shù)幾位升到高端中餐廳高層的女廚師之一。)”可知，陳在她的事業(yè)生涯上取得了傲人成就。故選D。2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“‘Yes,thereisaphysicalbarrierbutIthinkthementalbarriermaybemoreobstructive(阻礙的)totheincreaseofwomeninChinesekitchens,”Chanadds.(“是的，存在著身體障礙，但我認(rèn)為精神障礙可能對(duì)中國(guó)廚房中女性人數(shù)的增加更具阻礙作用，”陳補(bǔ)充道。)”可知，女性要當(dāng)廚師，面臨著身體上和精神上的兩重障礙。故選D。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Chanadds.‘Itisn’tjustabouthowmuchyouwantitbuthowmuchhardworkyou'rewillingtoputintoit.Therearedayswhenyoufeellikeyourarmsarefallingapartandyoucan’tmovethemanymore,butthenextday,you’restrongerandmaybeabletoworkaheavierwork.’(陳補(bǔ)充道?！斑@不僅僅是你有多想要，而是你愿意付出多少努力。有時(shí)候你會(huì)覺(jué)得手臂要散架了，再也動(dòng)不了了，但是第二天，你就變得更強(qiáng)壯了，可以做更重的工作了?！?”可知，陳累得手臂要散架了，再也動(dòng)不了了，但是仍然在堅(jiān)持?？芍庵緢?jiān)定。故選A。4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“‘Yes,thereisaphysicalbarrierbutIthinkthementalbarriermaybemoreobstructive（阻礙的）totheincreaseofwomeninChinesekitchens,”Chanadds.(“是的，存在著身體障礙，但我認(rèn)為精神障礙可能對(duì)中國(guó)廚房中女性人數(shù)的增加更具阻礙作用，”陳補(bǔ)充道。)”以及第二段“Today,ChanleadsthekitchenofHoLeeFook,oneofHongKong'smostpopularrestaurants.AfterspendingmorethanadecadeworkinginfinediningrestaurantsinAustraliaandSingapore,sheisoneofafewfemalechefswhohaverisentothetopofahigh-endChineserestaurant.(如今，陳領(lǐng)導(dǎo)著香港最受歡迎的餐廳之一——HoLeeFook的廚房。在澳大利亞和新加坡的高級(jí)餐廳工作了十多年后，她是少數(shù)幾位升到高端中餐廳高層的女廚師之一。)”可知，雖然女性當(dāng)廚師，面臨著重重障礙和懷疑，但是陳本身就是一個(gè)很好的例子，證明女性也可以當(dāng)廚師。故選C。(2)（江蘇省南京師大附中2022-2023學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期中）Animalpopulationsacrosstheworldhavebeenreducedby69%inlessthan50years,accordingtoanewscientificreport.Thereport’sauthorsarecallingforurgentactiontorestorethenaturalworld.TheLivingPlanetReport(LPR)isproducedeverytwoyearsbytheWorldWideFundforNature(WWF)andtheZoologicalSocietyofLondon.Themostrecentreport,releasedonOctober13,2022,showsthatalmost70%oftheworld’smonitoredwildlifewaslostbetween1970and2018.Thereportisbasedonresearchfrom195countriesaroundtheworld.Datawascollectedfromalmost32,000populationsof5,230species.Althoughtheaveragegloballossofwildlifeis69%,therateisgreaterintheglobalsouth.LatinAmericaandtheCaribbeaninparticularhaveseenthesharpestfall,havinglost94%oftheirwildlifesince1970.Acrosstheworld,thebiggestdropwasinfreshwaterpopulationsofwildlife—includingalmost1,400speciesofmammals,birds,fish,amphibiansandreptiles—whichhavedecreasedby83%.Thereportidentifiesseveralcausesforwildlifeloss,includinghunting,farming,thelossofforests,pollutionandclimatechange.However,thereportalsopromotessolutions,suchasdesigninglessdestructivefoodproductionsystems,urgentlyprotectingtheAmazonrainforest,limitingtheuseoffossilfuels,andcreatingnewlawstoprotectournaturalenvironment.Commentingonthereport,MarcoLambertini,directorgeneralofWWFInternational,calledthefigures“terrifying”,andsaid“weneedtorestorenatureandnotsimplyhaltitsloss.”InDecember2022,worldleadersaremeetinginMontrealforthe15thUNBiodiversityConference,alsoknownasCOP15.TheauthorsoftheLPRsaythatthisisanopportunityforaglobalplantodealwithwildlifelossandrestorenature.“GovernmentleadersmuststepupatCOP15,”saidLambertini.“Theworldiswatching.”1.Whatdoestheauthormainlywanttoshowbylistingthenumbersinthefirstthreeparagraphs?A.Thecausesoftheurgentsituation. B.Thedetailedprocessoftheresearch.C.Theseverityofwildlifelossworldwide. D.Thedropinfreshwaterpopulationsofwildlife?2.Accordingtothereport,whatisapossiblesolutiontopopulationdeclineofwildlife?A.Stophuntingandfarming. B.Bantheproductionofwildlifefood.C.Offerlegalprotectionofnaturalenvironment. D.Replacethefossilfuelswithrenewableenergy.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“halt”meaninthelastparagraph?A.Accept. B.Stop. C.Fear. D.Suffer.4.WhatisLambertini’sattitudetowardswildlifeloss?A.Objective. B.Indifferent. C.Ambiguous. D.Concerned.【答案】1.C2.C3.B4.D【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了全球野生動(dòng)物損失的嚴(yán)重性，因此需要全球共同努力，關(guān)注并解決該問(wèn)題。1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Animalpopulationsacrosstheworldhavebeenreducedby69%inlessthan50years,accordingtoanewscientificreport.Thereport’sauthorsarecallingforurgentactiontorestorethenaturalworld.(根據(jù)一份新的科學(xué)報(bào)告，在不到50年的時(shí)間里，世界各地的動(dòng)物數(shù)量減少了69%。該報(bào)告的作者呼吁采取緊急行動(dòng)來(lái)恢復(fù)自然世界)”以及第二段中“Themostrecentreport,releasedonOctober13,2022,showsthatalmost70%oftheworld’smonitoredwildlifewaslostbetween1970and2018.Thereportisbasedonresearchfrom195countriesaroundtheworld.Datawascollectedfromalmost32,000populationsof5,230species.(2022年10月13日發(fā)布的最新報(bào)告顯示，1970年至2018年期間，全球近70%的受監(jiān)測(cè)野生動(dòng)物消失。該報(bào)告基于全球195個(gè)國(guó)家的研究。數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)自5230個(gè)物種的近32000個(gè)種群)”以及第三段中“LatinAmericaandtheCaribbeaninparticularhaveseenthesharpestfall,havinglost94%oftheirwildlifesince1970.(拉丁美洲和加勒比地區(qū)的野生動(dòng)物數(shù)量下降尤其嚴(yán)重，自1970年以來(lái)已經(jīng)失去了94%的野生動(dòng)物)”可知，作者主要想通過(guò)列舉前三段的數(shù)字來(lái)展示世界范圍內(nèi)野生動(dòng)物損失的嚴(yán)重性。故選C。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“However,thereportalsopromotessolutions,suchasdesigninglessdestructivefoodproductionsystems,urgentlyprotectingtheAmazonrainforest,limitingtheuseoffossilfuels,andcreatingnewlawstoprotectournaturalenvironment.(然而，該報(bào)告也提出了解決方案，例如設(shè)計(jì)破壞性較小的糧食生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)，緊急保護(hù)亞馬遜雨林，限制化石燃料的使用，以及制定新的法律來(lái)保護(hù)我們的自然環(huán)境)”可知，根據(jù)該報(bào)告，為自然環(huán)境提供法律保護(hù)是解決野生動(dòng)物數(shù)量下降的一個(gè)可能的解決方案。故選C。3.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞前面的句子“Commentingonthereport,MarcoLambertini,directorgeneralofWWFInternational,calledthefigures“terrifying”,(在評(píng)論該報(bào)告時(shí)，世界自然基金會(huì)國(guó)際總干事馬可·蘭伯蒂尼稱這些數(shù)字“令人恐懼”)”以及“weneedtorestorenature(我們需要恢復(fù)自然)”可知，面臨野生動(dòng)物數(shù)量急劇下降的情況，我們不僅僅是停止當(dāng)前的損失，更需要做的是需要去恢復(fù)自然。由此可知，劃線詞halt與stop(停止)意思接近。故選B。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“TheauthorsoftheLPRsaythatthisisanopportunityforaglobalplantodealwithwildlifelossandrestorenature.“GovernmentleadersmuststepupatCOP15,”saidLambertini.“Theworldiswatching.”(LPR的作者說(shuō)，這是一個(gè)應(yīng)對(duì)野生動(dòng)物損失和恢復(fù)自然的全球計(jì)劃的機(jī)會(huì)。蘭伯蒂尼說(shuō)：“政府領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人必須在第15屆締約方會(huì)議上采取行動(dòng)?！叭澜缍荚诳粗?。”)”可知，蘭伯蒂尼認(rèn)為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人必須在第15屆締約方會(huì)議上采取行動(dòng)。由此推知，他對(duì)野生動(dòng)物數(shù)量減少的態(tài)度是擔(dān)心的。故選D。(3)（22-23高二下·山東日照·期中）Virtualrealitygamers(VRgame)whofinisheditfasterthantheirfellowgamersalsohavehigherlevelsofgeneralintelligenceandprocessingcapacity.ThiswastheresultofastudyconductedbyMarkusWeinmannfromtheUniversityofCologne.Theresultsalsoindicatethatvirtualrealitygamescanbeusefulsupplementary(補(bǔ)充)humanresourcemanagementtoolsincompaniesforpredictingthejobperformanceofanapplicant.Severalstudieshavealreadyshownthatvideogamesmayindicateorevenhelptodevelopintellectualandcognitiveabilities.Asintelligenceisoneofthemostcommonlyusedpredictorsforjobperformance,videogamescouldbeinterestingforthehumanresourcemanagement.AlthoughmanycompaniesareincreasinglyusingVRtechnologytorecruit(招募)candidates,onlyfewstudieshavespecificallyinvestigatedwhetherandhowVRgamescanbeusedtodrawconclusionsaboutintelligenceinthisarea.Thestudycontributestobridgingthegapbetweenresearchandpractice.Weinmanninvited103participantstotheirlab.Undercontrolledlaboratoryconditions,theyplayedthecommercialVRgame“JobSimulator”andcompletedtheshortversionoftheintelligencetestBIS-4.Theresearcher’sanalysesshowthatanincreaseof17%inprocessingcapacitycorrelatedwithlesstimespentplayingthegame(byanaverageof3.7minutes).Theresultsareascientificnovelty,asithashardlybeenpossibletoconductVRstudieswithstate-of-the-artVRhardware.TherearethusfewstudiesthathaveinvestigatedthecorrelationbetweenbehaviorinVRandintelligence,“Therearealreadysomecompaniesthatusegames,so-called‘seriousgames’,forrecruiting.ThenewresultsareinlinewiththisspecificapplicationofVRgamesandshowthattheycanbeusedforrecruiting,”saidWeinmann.Thescientistsintendtocontinuetheirresearchonthepotentialofvideogamesforpracticalapplications.Amongotherthings,theyareinvestigatinghowpeoplebehaveinvirtualworld.1.WhatcanwelearnfromWeinmann’sstudy?A.Theresultsarefarfromsatisfactory. B.Theparticipantscanplaythegamefreely.C.Itaimstodevelopintellectualability. D.Ithelpstocombineresearchwithpractice.2.WhatisWeinmann’sattitudetotheresultofthestudy?A.Unclear. B.Intolerant. C.Favorable. D.Doubtful.3.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Limitationsofthestudy. B.Possibledirectionsforfuturestudy.C.Thepresentsituationofthestudy. D.Theexplanationoftheresearchmethod.4.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.VRgamescanbeusedinrecruitment B.VRgamescanindicateintelligencelevelC.VRgamesimproveapplicants’performance D.VRgameshavegainpopularityinmanagement【答案】1.D2.C3.B4.A【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹的是一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)游戲可以作為人力資源管理的輔助工具，用于對(duì)應(yīng)聘者的工作能力進(jìn)行測(cè)試。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“AlthoughmanycompaniesareincreasinglyusingVRtechnologytorecruit(招募)candidates,onlyfewstudieshavespecificallyinvestigatedwhetherandhowVRgamescanbeusedtodrawconclusionsaboutintelligenceinthisarea.Thestudycontributestobridgingthegapbetweenresearchandpractice.(盡管許多公司越來(lái)越多地使用VR技術(shù)來(lái)招聘候選人，但只有少數(shù)研究專門(mén)調(diào)查了VR游戲是否以及如何用于得出這一領(lǐng)域的智力結(jié)論。這項(xiàng)研究有助于彌合研究與實(shí)踐之間的空缺。)”可知，該項(xiàng)研究填補(bǔ)了在研究與實(shí)踐之間的空缺，所以這項(xiàng)研究幫助把研究與實(shí)踐結(jié)合起來(lái)。故選D項(xiàng)。2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“ThenewresultsareinlinewiththisspecificapplicationofVRgamesandshowthattheycanbeusedforrecruiting,”saidWeinmann.(新的結(jié)果與VR游戲的具體應(yīng)用相一致，并表明它們可以用于招聘?！?”可知，Weinmann認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)研究成果可用于招聘中，所以他對(duì)研究結(jié)果持贊成態(tài)度。故選C項(xiàng)。3.主旨大意題。根據(jù)尾段“Thescientistsintendtocontinuetheirresearchonthepotentialofvideogamesforpracticalapplications.Amongotherthings,theyareinvestigatinghowpeoplebehaveinvirtualworld.(科學(xué)家們打算繼續(xù)研究電子游戲在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中的潛力。除此之外，他們正在調(diào)查人們?cè)谔摂M世界中的行為。)”可知，科學(xué)家將繼續(xù)研究電子游戲在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中的潛力以及人們?cè)谔摂M世界中的行為，由此可推斷，該段主要介紹的是未來(lái)研究的方向。故選B項(xiàng)。4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)首段中的“Theresultsalsoindicatethatvirtualrealitygamescanbeusefulsupplementary(補(bǔ)充)humanresourcemanagementtoolsincompaniesforpredictingthejobperformanceofanapplicant.(研究結(jié)果還表明，虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)游戲可以作為企業(yè)人力資源管理的輔助工具，用于預(yù)測(cè)應(yīng)聘者的工作表現(xiàn)。)”并結(jié)合下文對(duì)該研究成果的解析可知，本文主要介紹的為VR虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)游戲可知用于招聘中對(duì)應(yīng)聘人員的工作表現(xiàn)進(jìn)行測(cè)試，所以“VRgame可用于招聘”作為文章題目概括了全文內(nèi)容也體現(xiàn)了文章主題。故選A項(xiàng)。(4)（22-23高二下·江蘇泰州·期中）ItwasNationalAdoptionDay.ThepetstorewasworkingwiththeLexingtonHumaneSocietytofindgoodhomesforabandoneddogsandcats.Afterendlesspleas(懇求)frommysons,MarkandLuke,Idecidedtostopin.Ididn’tknowitatthetimebutadoptingahomelessdogwouldreallymakemefeelbetter.Iwasstrugglingwithdepression.We’dmovedfromOhiotoKentucky.Ohiohadbeenmyhomeforfortyyears,andImissedmyparents,friendsandthefamiliarityofhome.Insidethepetstore,therewererowsofcagesfilledwithfurryanimals.Ispottedoursimmediately:atwo-year-oldfemaleJackRussellnamedPrincess.Ilookedintohercage.Shepushedhernosetowardthecage,sniffedandthenloweredherhead.Tremblinginhercage,sheseemedunsureofhersurroundings.IwonderedifPrincessfeltthatwaywhenshe’dbeenbroughthere,surroundedbypeopleshedidn’tknow.Isthatwhyshewasshakingsohard?Itmademewanther.“Let’sadopther,”Isaid.Mysonscouldn’tcontaintheirexcitement,“Wewanther!”Myhusbandalsoagreed.AfterIfilledoutthepaperwork,wetookPrincesshome.Shebarelyateanddidn’tbarkthefirstfewdays,butgraduallysherelaxed.Oneafternoon,Iwasabouttodozeoff(打盹)whenIfeltPrincessjumponthebed.Shewaslikeafriendnexttome.Actually,afteradoptingPrincess,Ifeltbetter.WhileIstillmissedmyparentsandfriends,IstartedmakingfriendsandvisitingplacesinKentucky.WhenmysonLuketurnedseven,wehadabirthdayparty.WhileIwasmakingthecupcakes,Princesssettledonthefloornexttome.Shewastakingineverything:thesoundsofchildrenlaughing,thesmelloffoodandtwoofmynewfriendssittingatthekitchentable.Shelookedaroundandthenupatmeandwaggedhertail.Ithoughtitwasherwayofsaying,“I’mfinallyhome”Andyouknowwhat?Shewasright.Wewerebothhome.1.Whydidtheauthorfeeldepressed?A.Shewashomesickthen. B.Shelostherpreviouspet.C.Shedislikedhernewlife. D.Shefeltsorryfortheanimals.2.WhatmadetheauthordecidetoadoptPrincess?A.Itsattractivephysicalappearance. B.Itselegantresponsestoherfamily.C.Itsseeminglyemotionalsuffering. D.Itsobviouslyfavorablepersonality.3.HowdidthearrivalofPrincessimpacttheauthor’slife?A.Itchangedherroutine. B.Itchangedherlifestyle.C.Itimprovedhersociallife. D.Itimprovedherfamilylife.4.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Settingin B.Holdingon C.Changingforgood D.Caringforanimals【答案】1.A2.C3.C4.A【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述作者在遠(yuǎn)在他鄉(xiāng)想家的情況下收養(yǎng)似乎和自己經(jīng)歷相同情感痛苦的小狗Princess。Princess慢慢適應(yīng)了在作者家的生活，而她也讓作者逐漸適應(yīng)了肯塔基的生活。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Iwasstrugglingwithdepression.We’dmovedfromOhiotoKentucky.Ohiohadbeenmyhomeforfortyyears,andImissedmyparents,friendsandthefamiliarityofhome.(我一直在與情緒低落作斗爭(zhēng)。我們從俄亥俄州搬到了肯塔基州。俄亥俄州是我四十年的家，我想念我的父母、朋友和熟悉的家)”可知，作者情緒低落是因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)她很想念家人和朋友。故選A。2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Ispottedoursimmediately:atwo-year-oldfemaleJackRussellnamedPrincess.Ilookedintohercage.Shepushedhernosetowardthecage,sniffedandthenloweredherhead.Tremblinginhercage,sheseemedunsureofhersurroundings.IwonderedifPrincessfeltthatwaywhenshe’dbeenbroughthere,surroundedbypeopleshedidn’tknow.Isthatwhyshewasshakingsohard?Itmademewanther.(我立刻發(fā)現(xiàn)了我們的：一只名叫Princess的兩歲雌性JackRussell。我看著她的籠子。她把鼻子伸向籠子，嗅了嗅，然后低下了頭。她在籠子里顫抖著，似乎對(duì)周?chē)沫h(huán)境不確定。我想知道當(dāng)Princess被帶到這里，周?chē)际撬徽J(rèn)識(shí)的人時(shí)，她是否有這種感覺(jué)。那就是她抖得這么厲害的原因嗎？這讓我想要她。)”推知，作者最終決定收養(yǎng)Princess是因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)的Princess和作者的狀態(tài)很相似，正遭受情感上的痛苦。故選C。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“Actually,afteradoptingPrincess,Ifeltbetter.WhileIstillmissedmyparentsandfriends,IstartedmakingfriendsandvisitingplacesinKentucky.(事實(shí)上，收養(yǎng)Princess后，我感覺(jué)好多了。雖然我仍然想念我的父母和朋友，但我開(kāi)始結(jié)交朋友，去肯塔基州的一些地方。)”可知，Princess的到來(lái)改善了作者的社交生活。故選C。4.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章主要講述作者在遠(yuǎn)在他鄉(xiāng)想家的情況下收養(yǎng)似乎和自己經(jīng)歷相同情感痛苦的小狗Princess。Princess慢慢適應(yīng)了在作者家的生活，而她也讓作者逐漸適應(yīng)了肯塔基的生活。結(jié)合最后一段的“Ithoughtitwasherwayofsaying,“I’mfinallyhome”Andyouknowwhat?Shewasright.Wewerebothhome.(我認(rèn)為這是她說(shuō)“我終于有了家”的方式，你知道嗎？她是對(duì)的。我們都有了“家”。)”可知，A項(xiàng)“安頓下來(lái)”可以作為本文的最佳標(biāo)題。故選A。(5)（浙江省杭州市學(xué)軍中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年下學(xué)期高二期中）Acollegeprofessoratmyuniversityyearsagoshockedhisclasswithafrog.Heshowedoffawoodfrogthatwasstillalivebutfrozensolid.Thensuddenly,hethrewitagainstawallanditbrokeintopieces.Everyonetookaquickdeepbreath.Momentslater,heexplainedthathehadn’tactuallythrownthefrog.Fordramaticeffecthehadswitchedthefrogforalargepieceofice.Butthegoalwastoillustrateapoint:Thatawoodfrogdoesinfactfreezeassolidasicetosurvivethewinter.Thenitthawsagaininthespring.ThewoodfrogisoneofthemostfrequentlystudiedanimalsonEarththatfreezes.First,it’sliquid,it’shoppingaround,thenicecomesonitfromtheoutside.Itsskingetsfrozenalittlebit,itseyesglazeover,itsbrainfreezes,andicepushesbloodtothefrog’sheartbeforeeventuallythat,too,isrocksolid.Thistransitionrequiresmajorchangesinbiochemistry.Iceslowlyformsaroundtheoutsideoforgansandcells.Atthesametime,thefrog’sliverpumpsoutincredibleamountsofglucose—asugaryliquidthatactslikeantifreezeforvitalorgans—thatflowseverywhereincludingtheinsidesofcellstokeepthemfromdying.Buttruesupercoolinginnature—andespeciallywithhumanorgans—comeswithrisks,saysShannonTessier,anassistantprofessoratHarvardMedicalSchoolwhostudieshowsuspendedanimationinnaturecantranslatetohumanorgantransplants.Woodfrogsandotheranimalsthatsurviveextremeconditionsinnaturehavemanyapplicationsinmedicine,especiallyintheworldoforgantransplants,Tessiersays.Ahumanheart,forexample,canonlyexistoutsidethebodyforaboutfourhours.“Sowe’retryingtousetheprinciplesfromwoodfrogswithhighamountsofglucoseandfreezeawholeheartorotherorgan,keepitinsuspendedanimation,safelyawakeit,andtransplantit.”1.Whydidthecollegeprofessortakeafrogtotheclass?A.Toshowoffhisamazingpet. B.Toswitchapieceoficewithit.C.Totellstudentssomefrogfacts. D.Toconductaspecialexperiment.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“thaws”meaninparagraph1?A.Freezesitself. B.Comestolife. C.Becomeswarm. D.Turnsbackintowater.3.Whatprotectsthefrozenfrogfromdying?A.Itsicycell. B.Itsvitalorgan. C.Itswarmblood. D.Itssugaryliquid.4.Whowillprobablybenefitfromthefrog’sprinciplesaccordingtoShannonTessier?A.Theonewhohastotakeahearttransplantoperation.B.TheonewhoisapplyingfortheHarvardMedicalSchool.C.Theonewhoworksonthedevelopmentofanewmedicine.D.Theonewhoplanstoexperienceextremeconditionsinnature.【答案】1.C2.B3.D4.A【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了凍成冰塊冬眠的木蛙。這種具有超強(qiáng)耐凍能力的動(dòng)物在冬眠時(shí)甚至連呼吸、心跳都停止了，看起來(lái)就像被凍死了，但一到春天，它們也會(huì)像其他冬眠動(dòng)物一樣蘇醒過(guò)來(lái)。木蛙這種冬眠的方式的確對(duì)人類(lèi)很有啟發(fā)，比如在醫(yī)學(xué)上應(yīng)用于對(duì)人體器官的低溫保存，讓病人可以順利進(jìn)行器官移植，從而有更大幾率存活下來(lái)。1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Acollegeprofessoratmyuniversityyearsagoshockedhisclasswithafrog.Heshowedoffawoodfrogthatwasstillalivebutfrozensolid.Thensuddenly,hethrewitagainstawallanditbrokeintopieces.Everyonetookaquickdeepbreath.Momentslater,heexplainedthathehadn’tactuallythrownthefrog.Fordramaticeffecthehadswitchedthefrogforalargepieceofice.Butthegoalwastoillustrateapoint:Thatawoodfrogdoesinfactfreezeassolidasicetosurvivethewinter.(幾年前，我們大學(xué)的一位教授用一只青蛙震驚了全班。他展示了一只林蛙，它還活著，但已經(jīng)凍成固體了。突然，他把它扔到墻上，它摔成了碎片。每個(gè)人都深深地吸了一口氣。過(guò)了一會(huì)兒，他解釋說(shuō)他并沒(méi)有把青蛙扔出去。為了產(chǎn)生戲劇效果，他把青蛙換成了一大塊冰。但這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的是為了說(shuō)明一個(gè)問(wèn)題：木蛙為了過(guò)冬，確實(shí)會(huì)凍得像冰一樣堅(jiān)硬)”可知，大學(xué)教授要帶一只青蛙去上課是為了告訴學(xué)生一些青蛙的事實(shí)。故選C。2.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞上文“Butthegoalwastoillustrateapoint:Thatawoodfrogdoesinfactfreezeassolidasicetosurvivethewinter.(但這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的是為了說(shuō)明一個(gè)問(wèn)題：木蛙為了過(guò)冬，確實(shí)會(huì)凍得像冰一樣堅(jiān)硬)”以及后文“againinthespring”可知，木蛙為了過(guò)冬，確實(shí)會(huì)凍得像冰一樣堅(jiān)硬。然后在春天再次復(fù)蘇過(guò)來(lái)。故畫(huà)線詞意思是“復(fù)蘇”。故選B。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Atthesametime,thefrog’sliverpumpsoutincredibleamountsofglucose—asugaryliquidthatactslikeantifreezeforvitalorgans—thatflowseverywhereincludingtheinsidesofcellstokeepthemfromdying.(與此同時(shí)，青蛙的肝臟會(huì)排出大量的葡萄糖——一種含糖液體，對(duì)重要器官起防凍劑的作用——這些葡萄糖流動(dòng)到包括細(xì)胞內(nèi)部在內(nèi)的所有地方，以防止它們死亡)”可知，含糖液體保護(hù)凍青蛙免于死亡。故選D。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Sowe’retryingtousetheprinciplesfromwoodfrogswithhighamountsofglucoseandfreezeawholeheartorotherorgan,keepitinsuspendedanimation,safelyawakeit,andtransplantit.(因此，我們正試圖利用含有大量葡萄糖的木蛙的原理，冷凍整個(gè)心臟或其他器官，使其處于假死狀態(tài)，安全地喚醒它，然后移植)”可知，ShannonTessier準(zhǔn)備將木蛙原理運(yùn)用到器官移植的技術(shù)中，因此一個(gè)接受心臟移植手術(shù)的人最有可能從這個(gè)原理中獲益。故選A。(6)（22-23高二下·浙江杭州·期中）OnFriday,SiliconValleyBank(SVB)collapsedandwastakenoverbyfederalregulators,markingoneofthelargestbankfailuressincethe2008GlobalFinancialCrisis.California’sbankingregulatorsshutdownSVBandeffectivelygivescontrolofthebanktotheFDIC,whichcreatedanewentity(實(shí)體)tooverseeit.Witha40-yearhistory,SVBservedmanycompanies,anditplayedanimportantroleinthetechnologyindustry,successfullycompetingwithbigger-namebanks.SVB’sbusinessboomedastechcompaniesdidwellduringtheCovid-19.However,thetechnologyindustryrecentlyfaceddifficulties,andmanyclientswithdrewmoney.Tofulfillthesewithdrawals,SVBsoldpartofitsbondholdings(持有債券)ata$1.8billionloss.TheFederalReserve’s(美聯(lián)儲(chǔ))sharpriseininterestratealsoaffectedbondsandstocks.ThenSVBdecideditwantedtoreduceitsbondportfolio(債券投資組合)toavoidfurtherlosses.Butthatannouncementspookedthebank’sclients,whogotworriedandthenproceededtowithdrawevenmoremoneyfromthebank—atextbookdefinitionofabankrun.Thebank’sstockprice(股價(jià))fellby60%onThursday,andasitssharepricecontinuedtosinkovernight.Tradingwashalted,andtheFDICtookoverSVB.Whileconcernsemergedaboutthebankingsector,sharesofmajorbankslikeJ.P.Morgan,WellsFargo,andBankofAmericadroppedbyaround5%.Investorsworriedthatotherbanks,particularlysmallerones,mightexperiencesimilarwithdrawals.However,byFriday,fearsregardingthebroaderbankingsectorhadeased.ExpertsarguedthatSVB’ssituationwasunusualandshouldnotimpactotherregionalbanks.TheFDIC-createdentity,DepositInsuranceNationalBankofSantaClara,willoverseeSVB.Insureddeposits(存款),typicallyupto$250,000,willbeaccessiblebyMonday.Uninsureddepositsfaceuncertainty,withtheFDICofferingan“advancedividend(提前股息)”and“certificates”accountingfortheuninsuredfunds.Theregulatorhasnotclarifiedwhatthismeansforuninsureddepositors.Investorswillcontinuemonitoringanypotentialimpactonotherbanks.1.WhatdowelearnaboutSiliconValleyBank?A.Itistheworld’sfirstbankthathasfailed.B.IthasalreadybeentakenoverbytheFDIC.C.Itfailedbecauseoftheseveresituationduringthepandemic.D.Itcollapsedasaresultofcompetitionwiththefamousbanks.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“spooked”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Calmed. B.Inspired. C.Panicked. D.Persuaded.3.WhatisthedirectcauseofSVB’sfailure?A.Lossofthebondportfolio.B.Thedeclineofthetechindustry.C.ThereductionoftheFederalReserve’sinterestrate.D.Withdrawalsfromalargenumberofcustomers.4.Whatcanbelearnedinthepassage?A.Allsmallbankswillbeimpactedsoonerorlater.B.Thebankingindustryisfacingthebiggestchallenge.C.Thosewhohaveuninsureddepositswillloseeverything.D.SVB’sdepositusersarelikelytobeaffectedbyitscollapse.【答案】1.B2.C3.B4.B【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了硅谷銀行（SVB）破產(chǎn)的原因以及所造成影響。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“California’sbankingregulatorsshutdownSVBandeffectivelygivescontrolofthebanktotheFDIC,whichcreatedanewentity(實(shí)體)tooverseeit.(加州銀行監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)關(guān)閉了SVB，并將該行的控制權(quán)實(shí)際上交給了FDIC，F(xiàn)DIC創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)新的實(shí)體來(lái)監(jiān)管該行。)”可知，硅谷銀行已經(jīng)由FDIC接管了，故選B。2.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中劃線詞spooked的后文“whogotworriedandthenproceededtowithdrawevenmoremoneyfromthebank—atextbookdefinitionofabankrun.(他們開(kāi)始擔(dān)心，然后開(kāi)始從銀行提取更多的錢(qián)——這是教科書(shū)上對(duì)銀行擠兌的定義。)”可知，客戶擔(dān)心，于是從銀行提取更多的錢(qián)，因?yàn)榇颂巹澗€詞spooked與C項(xiàng)“使……恐慌”意思相近，這一聲明讓客戶恐慌起來(lái)，因此開(kāi)始擔(dān)心，然后從銀行提取了更多的錢(qián)，故選C。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“SVB’sbusinessboomedastechcompaniesdidwellduringtheCovid-19.However,thetechnologyindustryrecentlyfaceddifficulties,andmanyclientswithdrewmoney.(隨著科技公司在新冠疫情期間表現(xiàn)良好，SVB的業(yè)務(wù)蓬勃發(fā)展。然而，科技行業(yè)最近遇到了困難，許多客戶撤回了資金。)”可知，硅谷銀行失敗的直接原因是科技產(chǎn)業(yè)的衰落，故選B。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“OnFriday,SiliconValleyBank(SVB)collapsedandwastakenoverbyfederalregulators,markingoneofthelargestbankfailuressincethe2008GlobalFinancialCrisis.(周五，硅谷銀行倒閉，被聯(lián)邦監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)接管，這是自2008年全球金融危機(jī)依賴最大的銀行倒閉之一。)”以及通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了硅谷銀行（SVB）破產(chǎn)的原因以及所造成影響，所以B選項(xiàng)“銀行業(yè)正面臨著最大的挑戰(zhàn)”符合文意，故選B。(7)（浙江大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期中）Feelingoverloadedbyyourto-dolistcancertainlymakeyouunhappy,butnewresearchsuggeststhatmorefreetimemightnotbetheelixirmanyofusdreamitcouldbe.Inanewstudyreleasedlastweek,researchersanalyzeddatafromtwolarge-scale(大規(guī)模)surveysabouthowAmericansspendtheirtime.Together,thesurveysincludedmorethan35,000respondents.Theresearchersfoundthatpeoplewithmorefreetimegenerallyhadhigherlevelsofsubjectivewell-being—butonlyuptoapoint.Peoplewhohadaroundtwohoursoffreetimeadaygenerallyreportedtheyfeltbetterthanthosewhohadlesstime.Butpeoplewhohadfiveormorehou