江西省高考英語押題精粹試題-人教版高三英語試題

英語本卷共18題，三種題型：閱讀理解、英語知識(shí)運(yùn)用和寫作。閱讀理解10小題，英語知識(shí)運(yùn)用4小題，寫作4小題。第一部分閱讀理解(共10小題)第一節(jié)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。A1AreportfromtheAmericanAcademyofArtsandSciences'Commissionrevealsthat,duetoajobmarketwhichdisproportionatelyrewardsgraduatesinSTEM(science,technology,engineering,andmathematics)fields,moreandmorestudentsareseekingdegreesinbusinessandhard-sciencesubjects.Someinstitutionshaverespondedbycuttingbudgetsintheartsandhumanitiesanddirectingthosefundselsewhere.That'sthewrongthingtodo.Thehumanitiesstudyoflanguages,literature,history,philosophy,religion,ethics,etc.-andtheartsarevitaltoourfuture.Weshouldbeinvestingmorefunds,moretimeandmoreexpertise,notless,intotheseendeavors.Whatdetractors（詆毀者）ofthe"soft"subjectsmissisthattheartsandhumanitiesprovideanessentialframeworkandcontextforunderstandingthewiderworld.Studyingthehumanitiesstrengthenstheabilitytocommunicateandworkwithothers.Itallowsstudentstodevelopbroadintellectualandculturalunderstanding;itnurturescreativityanddeepensparticipationinpublicdiscourseandmodemdemocracy.Thecommission'sreportpointsoutthat"attheverymomentwhenChinaisseekingtoadoptourmodelofbroadeducationinthehumanities,socialsciencesandnaturalsciencesasastimulustoinvention,theUnitedStatesisinsteadnarrowingourfocusandabandoningoursenseofwhateducationhasbeenandshouldcontinuetobeoursenseofwhatmakesAmericagreat."Thesearethetellingstatistics:First,federalfundingforhelpingAmericanstudentsincludeinternationaltrainingintheireducationhasbeencut41percentinfouryears.Second,theNationalAssessmentofEducationalProgresstestshowsthatonlylessthanaquarterofeighth-and12th-gradeUSstudentsareproficientinreading,writingandcivics.HowcanwepossiblyequiptheUSforitsleadershiproleinanincreasinglyconnectedworldifwearenotadequatelyteachingstudentstocommunicateandhelpingthemunderstandandencounterdiverseperspectives?Ifwefailtoinvestintheartsandhumanities,ourcountry'sfutureleaderswillnothavetheabilitytoconnectonanemotionallevelwithothers.Thisabilityisdevelopedbystudyingthehumanities,andintheglobalcommunitythisskillisnotoptional-it'sessential.Inaword,wemustenthusiasticallysupportandfundthestudyoftheartsandhumanities.Foranyoneconcernedwithhowthistranslatesintoasoundeconomyandasoundfinancialfuture,simplyrecallwhatSteveJobstoldgraduatesofStanfordUniversityin2005:OneofthemostinfluentialexperiencesinhisbrieftimeatReedCollegewashisexposuretothefineartofcalligraphy（書法）．Ittaughthimtheimportantlessonoftherelationshipbetweendisciplineandcreativity.1.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Businessandhard-sciencesubjectsarebasedupontheartsandhumanities.B.AtpresenttoomuchemphasisandinvestmentareputonscienceinAmerica.C.MorestudentswilllearntheartsandhumanitiesinsteadofscienceintheUSA.D.ChinahasspentmoremoneyinthehumanitiesandsocialsciencesthantheUSA.2.TheauthormentionsSteveJobsinthelastparagraphtoprovethat_____.A.sciencehasacloserelationshipwiththeartsandhumanitiesB.investmentintheartsandhumanitiespromoteseconomicdevelopmentC.calligraphyplaysadeterminingroleinSteveJobs'accomplishmentD.ReedCollegesupportsandfundsthestudyoftheartsandhumanities3.Whichofthefollowingisthemostsuitabletitleforthispassage?A.SignificanceofartsandhumanitiesB.KeyqualitiesoffutureleadersC.DeclineofartsandhumanitiesD.Riseandfallofhardsciences答案：1.B2.B3.A

解析：1.B，推斷題，根據(jù)第一段最后一句話：moreandmorestudentsareseekingdegreesinbusinessandhard-sciencesubjects.越來越多的學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)理科和商業(yè)說明現(xiàn)在國(guó)家把重點(diǎn)和投資投在了這些方面。2.B，細(xì)節(jié)推斷題，舉SteveJobs的例子，就是為了證明上句話：Foranyoneconcernedwithhowthistranslatesintoasoundeconomyandasoundfinancialfuture,投資和支持藝術(shù)與人文科學(xué)可以促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。3.A，主旨題，文章最后一段總結(jié)全文，反映題目，它強(qiáng)調(diào)了藝術(shù)和人文科學(xué)的重要性。A2FuelCellTechnologyforCarsFillherupwithhydrogen?That'swhatsomeCaliforniamotoristsmaybesayingsoon,ascarmakerstrytospeedupproductionofzeroemission（零排放）carstomeetstaterequirementsinthenearfuture.BeneaththeskinofthisordinarylookingHondasFCXConceptVehiclesitsanelectro-chemicalreactor:ahandbuilt,astronomicallyexpensivepowerplantknownasafuelcell.It'sexpectedtoberunningordinaryfamilycarsonCalifornia'sroadswithinthreeyears.Sowhatexactlyisafuelcell,anyway?Whyaregovernments,privatebusinessesandacademicinstitutionscooperatingtodevelopandproducethem?Afuelcell,verysimplydescribed,isapowergenerator,makingelectricitythroughthecombinationofhydrogenandoxygen.Fuelcellsgenerateelectricalpowerquietlyandefficiently,withoutpollution,unlikepowersourcesthatusefossilfuels,theonlyby-productsfromanoperatingfuelcellareheatandwater.Tobemoretechnicalaboutit,ahydrogenatomwithitsoneelectron,attemptstopassthroughafuelcellmembrane（膜）tounitewithanoxygenatom.Themembraneallowsonlythehydrogenproton（質(zhì)子）topassthrough,forcingitselectrontorunaroundthemembranetocatchupwiththeprotonontheotherside.Thiscreateselectricity,water,andheat,butnoexhaustemissions.Ifthefuelcellispoweredwithpurehydrogen,ithasthepotentialtobeupto80-percentefficient,Thatis,itturns80percentoftheenergycontentofthehydrogenintoelectricalenergy.However,westillneedtoturntheelectricalenergyintomechanicalwork.Thisisaccomplishedbytheelectricmotor.Areasonablenumberfortheefficiencyofthemotorisabout80percent.Sowehave80-percentefficiencyingeneratingelectricity,and80-percentefficiencyturningitintomechanicalpower.Thatgivesanoverallefficiencyofabout64percent.Honda'sFCXconceptvehiclereportedlyhas60-percentenergyefficiency,whichistwiceoreventhreetimesmoreefficientthanusualcars.Butinspiteofalltheadvantagesdescribedabove,expertssay,"Westillhavetechnicalchallengesgettingthisextremelycomplexsystemtoworkproperly,thewaycustomersexpectittowork.Therearechallengesinusingnewfuels,andprovidingthenewfuelbasicfacilities.Andbeforefuelcellvehicleshittheroad,therewillhavetobeanetworkofhydrogenstationsthatwillallowdriverstofillupwiththeflammablegas,under36-hundredpoundsofpressure."4.WhatcanbeinferredfromCalifornia's"zeroemissionspolicy"?A.Newcarswithfuelcelltechnologywillsurelybecomemuchcheaper.B.Bycarryingoutthepolicy,trafficwillnotbesobusyasitisnow.C.ThequalityoflifeinCaliforniawillimproveoncethispolicyisineffect.D.Withfacilitiesofnewkinds,morelocalemploymentwillbecreated.5.Whatdoesthephrase"powerplant"referto?A.Apowerdevicegeneratingelectricity.B.Apowerstationprovidingelectricity.C.Apowercomponentconsumingelectricity.D.Apowerengineusingelectricity.6.Oneofthereasonswhyfuelcellpoweredvehiclesaresuperioristhat..A.theygiveoutalmostnowaterorheatB.theyrunfasterandmoresmoothlyC.theygiveoutalmostnonoiseD.theyturn64%oftheenergyintoelectricity7.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusinthelastparagraph?A.Customerswillnotthinkitagoodideatodevelopfuelcelltechnology.B.Itisstillnotveryeasytospeedupproductionofzeroemissioncars.C.Wecan'tignorethefinancialproblemstobuildanetworkofhydrogenstations.D.Westillhavemuchdifficultyturningallthechainsofthebusinessintoreality.答案：4.C5.A6.C7.D解析：4.C，推斷題，如果汽車零排放政策生效后，那么市民的生活質(zhì)量一定會(huì)提高，因?yàn)槲廴緶p少了，故答案選C，其他選項(xiàng)沒有道理。5.A，詞義猜測(cè)題，根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，powerplant就是指的后面的fuelcell（燃料電池），還有下段中句子Afuelcell,verysimplydescribed,isapowergenerator,makingelectricitythroughthecombinationofhydrogenandoxygen.。故據(jù)此推斷答案選A，一個(gè)發(fā)電裝置。6.C，細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)第三段中句子：Fuelcellsgenerateelectricalpowerquietlyandefficiently,withoutpollution。燃料電池發(fā)電安靜、高效、無污染。7.D，細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)第一句話：Butinspiteofalltheadvantagesdescribedabove,expertssay,"Westillhavetechnicalchallengesgettingthisextremelycomplexsystemtoworkproperly,可知，現(xiàn)在利用該項(xiàng)技術(shù)還有較大挑戰(zhàn)。A3WhenDeKalbWalcottIIIwasjust8yearsold,hisfather,aChicagofirechief,lethimtagalongonacall.DeKalbsaysalotofkidsidolizedbasketballplayerMichaelJordanwhenhewasgrowingupinChicagointhe1990s.Nothim."IwantedtobelikeDeKalbWalcottJr.,"hesaysofhisfather.Sowhenhisdadaskedifhewantedtogoonthatcallwithhimwhenhewas8,DeKalbwasexcited."I'mjumpingupanddown,saying,"Mom,canIgo?CanIgo?'"TheexperiencechangedDeKalb’slife,hetellshisdadonavisittoStoryCorps."Myeyesgotbigfromthemomentthealarmwentoff."theyoungerDeKalbsays.“ThisisthelifethatIwanttolivesomeday.”Now27,theyoungerDeKalbislivingthatlife.Hebecameafirefighterat21andwenttoworkalongsidehisdadattheChicagoFireDepartment.Beforehisfatherretired,thepairevenwentoutonacalltogether—fathersupervising（監(jiān)督）son."Youknow,it'severythingformetowatchyougrow,"hisfathersays.Buthealsorecallsworryingaboutoneparticularfirethathissonfaced."Ireceivedaphonecallthatnight.Andtheysaid,'Well,yoursonwasatthisfire.'Isaid,'OK,whichwayisthisconversationgoingtogo?'“DeKalbWalcottJr.recalls."Andtheysaid,'buthe'sOK.Andheputitoutallbyhimself.Everybodyherewasproudofhim.'"Andthewordwentaround,'Whowasouttheremanagingthatfire?Oh,that'sWalcott!That'sWalcottupthere!'So,youknow,momentslikethat,it'sheavenonEarthforadad."DeKalbWalcottJr.retiredin2009.TheyoungerDeKalbsayshe'sproudofbeingasecond-generationfirefighter."Youknow,itmakesmelookforwardtofatherhoodaswell,becauseI'mdefinitelylookingforwardtopassingthattorchdowntomyson."8.TheunderlinedphrasetagalonginParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A.putoutfireB.watchbasketballC.followhisfatherD.askhismother’spermission9.DeKalbWalcottIIIdeterminedtobecomeafirefighterattheageof_________.A.8B.21C.27D.3510.WhatdidDeKalbWalcottJrwanttodobeforehewastoldthatthefirewasputout?A.GoonwiththeconversationB.PutitoutallbyhimselfC.SupervisehissonD.Gotothefirescene11.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.DeKalbWalcottJrisproudtobeasecond-generationfirefighter.B.DeKalbWalcottIIIwantshissontobecomeafirefightertoo.C.DeKalbWalcottJrwantstopassthetorchtoDeKalbWalcottIII.D.DeKalbWalcottIIIisproudthathissonhasbecomeanexcellentfirefighter.答案：8.C9.A10.D11.B解析：本文是一篇故事類短文，講述了一家兩代對(duì)消防工作的熱愛。當(dāng)DeKalbWalcottⅢ8歲的時(shí)候他父親就帶他去消防現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，當(dāng)時(shí)他激動(dòng)不已，希望自己以后也做一名消防員。而且現(xiàn)在27歲的他已經(jīng)成為了一名優(yōu)秀的消防員。8.C詞義猜測(cè)題。從前四段內(nèi)容可知父親DeKalbWalcottJr是一名消防員，由此推斷8歲的時(shí)候他父親是帶他去了火警現(xiàn)場(chǎng).9.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一、二段內(nèi)容可知DeKalbWalcottⅢ8歲的時(shí)候想成為父親一樣的消防員.10.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)三、四段的對(duì)話內(nèi)容可知。11.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章末段內(nèi)容youngerDeKalb也就是DeKalbWalcottⅢ所說的話可知他也希望自己的孩子以后也當(dāng)消防員.A4Engineersshouldembrace（接受）thearts,SirJohnO'Reilly,afellowoftheInstitutionofEngineeringandTechnology,arguedinalecture.About59%ofengineeringcompaniesintheIET's2014surveyfearedskillshortagescouldthreaten（威脅）business."Thereisnothingascreativeasengineering,"SirJohntoldthereporter.Hesaysscience,technology,engineeringandmathematics-oftenknownas"Stem"subjects,arevitalforamodernknowledgeeconomy.Butthereisamassiveshortfallinthenumberofrecruits（招聘）-witharecentstudybytheRoyalAcademyofEngineeringsayingtheUKneedstoincreasebyasmuchas50%thenumberofStemgraduatesitproduces.Deliveringthisyear'sMountbattenLectureattheRoyalInstitution,SirJohnarguedthatengineersshouldrecognisetheroleoftheartsintheirwork-amongotherbenefits;thiscouldattractmorepeopleintotheprofession.Thelecture,FullSteamAheadforGrowth,advocatedawideradoption--Steam,orscience,technology,engineering,artsandmaths.Engineersshouldembracetheartsasbeingkeytocreativityandanimportantcomponentofinnovation（創(chuàng)新）,crucialtocreatingnewproductsandboostingfuturecompetitiveness,heargued."Engineeringandtechnologyisanincreasinglydiverseandcreativefield,"saidSirJohn.Someuniversityengineeringdepartmentsalreadycooperatedwithartschoolstodevelopunderstanding,hetoldthereporter.InparticularhementionedCranfieldUniversity'sCentreforCreativeCompetitiveDesignandImperialCollege'sworkwiththeRoyalCollegeofArt.Thetwosetsofpeoplecouldworkwelltogetherandmoreemphasisonthecreativesideofengineeringcouldimprovethesuccessofproducts,hesaid."Aesthetics(美學(xué))ispartofit,"hetoldthereporter,addingthatApple'siPodwasnotthefirstdigitalmediaplayer,northeonlyonethatworked-butitcametodominatethemarket"becauseitwasnicetohave".SirJohnsaidhewasnotsuggestinguniversitiesstartedrequiringA-levelartfromengineeringapplicants-thekeysubjectsforadmissionwouldcontinuetobemathsandthesciences.Butanemphasisoncreativeskillswouldhelp"broadenthepoolandattractmorepeoplein".12.AccordingtothelectureFullSteamAheadforGrowth,_______.A.engineersshouldcooperatewithartsmajorsB.AcceptingtheartscouldattractmorepeopleintoengineeringC.engineersshouldrealizeartsplaythemostimportantpartintheirworkD.engineeringandtechnologyisasdiverseandcreativeasbefore13.BygivingtheexampleofApple'siPod,SirJohnintendsto_______.A.stresstheimportanceofartsB.stresstheimportanceofmarketingC.stresstheimportanceofcommunicationD.stresstheimportanceofscienceandtechnology14.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Moreuniversitystudentsshouldstudyartsinsteadofengineering.B.Engineeringandtechnologyisincreasinglydifferentandunrelatedfields.C.TheIET'sskillssurveyraisedconcernsaboutthenumberofrecruitstoengineering.D.Studentsfromsomeuniversityengineeringdepartmentshavealreadytransferredtoartschools15.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Lackofcreativitymakesitdifficultfortheengineeringmajortofindasatisfactoryjob.B.Thekeysubjectsforengineeringmajorsremaintobemathsandthesciencesratherthanarts.C.Universityengineeringdepartmentsshouldcooperatewithartschoolstoimprovethesuccessofproducts.D.Engineeringneedstoemphasizeitscreativesidetoencouragemoreyoungpeopletochooseitasacareer.答案：12.B13.A14.C15.D解析：STEM科目一般指科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程和數(shù)學(xué)等，而最近英國(guó)的一份調(diào)查報(bào)告顯示，攻讀STEM課程的學(xué)生比例下降，英國(guó)STEM學(xué)科的發(fā)展前景令人堪憂。在文章中SirJohn提出人們應(yīng)該認(rèn)識(shí)到工程學(xué)當(dāng)中的藝術(shù)成分，呼吁更多年輕人進(jìn)入這一領(lǐng)域。12.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段內(nèi)容SirJohnarguedthatengineersshouldrecognisetheroleoftheartsintheirwork-amongotherbenefits;thiscouldattractmorepeopleintotheprofession.可知認(rèn)識(shí)到工程學(xué)中的藝術(shù)成分會(huì)吸引更多的人來從事這一行業(yè)。13.A推理判斷題。在文章倒數(shù)第二、三段SirJohn提到藝術(shù)學(xué)校和工程專業(yè)學(xué)生的合作能夠促進(jìn)產(chǎn)品的成功的原因是“Aesthetics(美學(xué))ispartofit,”，然后以Apple’siPod為例，由此判斷SirJohn通過Apple’siPod是想說明藝術(shù)在工程學(xué)方面的重要性。14.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通過文章第二、三段內(nèi)容可知這份調(diào)查顯示了在STEM研究學(xué)科方面人員的缺少，而且SirJohn在調(diào)查中鼓勵(lì)年輕人進(jìn)入這一領(lǐng)域。15.D主旨大意題。本文是一篇調(diào)查報(bào)告，在首段先提出Engineersshouldembracethearts,進(jìn)而指出在STEM研究學(xué)科方面人員的缺少，然后在下文呼吁人們要強(qiáng)調(diào)工程學(xué)中的藝術(shù)方面，以此吸引更多的年輕人從事這一行業(yè)，由此判斷本文中心內(nèi)容是要人們意識(shí)到工程學(xué)中創(chuàng)新的一面從而鼓勵(lì)年輕人從事這一行業(yè)。故答案選DB1Exerciseseemstobegoodforthehumanbrain,withmanyrecentstudiessuggestingthatregularexerciseimprovesmemoryandthinkingskills.Butaninterestingnewstudyaskswhethertheapparentcognitivebenefitsfromexercisearerealorjustaplaceboeffect—thatis,ifwethinkwewillbe“smarter”afterexercise,doourbrainsrespondaccordingly?Theanswerhassignificantimplicationsforanyofushopingtouseexercisetokeepourmindssharpthroughoutourlives.Whilemanystudiessuggestthatexercisemayhavecognitivebenefits,recentlysomescientistshavebeguntoquestionwhethertheapparentlybeneficialeffectsofexerciseonthinkingmightbeaplaceboeffect.SoresearchersatFloridaStateUniversityinTallahasseeandtheUniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaigndecidedtofocusonexpectations,onwhatpeopleanticipatethatexercisewilldoforthinking.Ifpeople’sexpectationsjibe(吻合)closelywiththeactualbenefits,thenatleastsomeofthoseimprovementsareprobablyaresultoftheplaceboeffectandnotofexercise.Forthenewstudy,whichwaspublishedlastmonthinPLOSOne,theresearchersrecruited171peoplethroughanonlinesurveysystem,theyaskedhalfofthesevolunteerstoestimatebyhowmuchastretchingandtoningregimens(拉伸運(yùn)動(dòng))performedthreetimesaweekmightimprovevariousmeasuresofthinking.Theothervolunteerswereaskedthesamequestions,butaboutaregularwalkingprogram.Inactualexperiments,stretchingandtoningprogramgenerallyhavelittleifanyimpactonpeople’scognitiveskills.Walking,ontheotherhand,seemstosubstantiallyimprovethinkingability.Butthesurveyrespondentsbelievedtheopposite,estimatingthatthestretchingandtoningprogramwouldbemorebeneficialforthemindthanwalking.Theestimatesofbenefitsfromwalkingwerelower.Thesedata,whiletheydonotinvolveanyactualexercise,aregoodnewsforpeoplewhodoexercise.“Theresultsfromourstudysuggestthatthebenefitsofaerobicexercisearenotaplaceboeffect,”saidCaryStothart,agraduatestudentincognitivepsychologyatFloridaStateUniversity,wholedthestudy.Ifexpectationshadbeendrivingtheimprovementsincognitionseeninstudiesafterexercise,Mr.Stothartsaid,thenpeopleshouldhaveexpectedwalkingtobemorebeneficialforthinkingthanstretching.Theydidn’t,implyingthatthechangesinthebrainandthinkingafterexercisearephysiologicallygenuine.Thefindingsarestrongenoughtosuggestthatexercisereallydoeschangethebrainandmay,intheprocess,improvethinking,Mr.Stothartsaid.Thatconclusionshouldencouragescientiststolookevenmorecloselyintohow,atamolecularlevel,exerciseremodelsthehumanbrain,hesaid.Italsoshouldencouragetherestofustomove,sincethebenefitsare,itseems,notimaginary,eveniftheyareinourhead.1.Whydidtheresearchersatthetwouniversitiesconducttheresearch?A.Todiscovertheplaceboeffectintheexercise.B.Toprovethepreviousstudieshaveabigdrawback.C.Totestwhetherexercisecanreallyimprovecognition.D.Toencouragemorescientiststogetinvolvedintheresearch.2.WhatcanweknowabouttheresearchCaryStothartandhisteamcarriedout?A.Theyemployed171peopletotakepartintheactualexercise.B.Theresultoftheresearchremovedtherecentdoubtofsomescientists.C.Theparticipantsthoughtwalkinghadagreaterimpactonthinkingability.D.Theirconclusiondrivesscientiststodoresearchontheplaceboeffect.3.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Isitnecessaryforustotakeexercise? B.Howshouldpeopleexerciseproperly?C.Whatmakesussmarterduringexercise? D.Doesexercisereallymakeussmarter?答案：1.C2.B3.D解析本文針對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)是否有益大腦認(rèn)知這一現(xiàn)象展開討論，搬出了一個(gè)由大學(xué)合作得出的結(jié)論，的確有益，可信度較高?？磥硭闹l(fā)達(dá)的人不見得頭腦簡(jiǎn)單哦！1.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第二段第一句recentlysomescientistshavebeguntoquestionwhethertheapparentlybeneficialeffectsofexerciseonthinkingmightbeaplaceboeffect,句意：最近一些科學(xué)家開始質(zhì)疑，運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)思維有益的顯著效果是不是一種安慰劑效應(yīng)。由此得知，Totestwhetherexercisecanreallyimprovecognition實(shí)驗(yàn)論證是兩所大學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的。2.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第六段第二句CaryStothart說的話Theresultsfromourstudysuggestthatthebenefitsofaerobicexercisearenotaplaceboeffect,句意：我們的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明有氧健身（對(duì)大腦）的益處不是一種安慰劑效應(yīng)。由此Theresultoftheresearchremovedtherecentdoubtofsomescientists.便移除了那些科學(xué)家質(zhì)疑的念頭。3.D主旨大意題。Doesexercisereallymakeussmarter?運(yùn)動(dòng)使人聰明嗎？全文圍繞這一觀點(diǎn)展開討論，舉出兩所大學(xué)合作實(shí)驗(yàn)的成功案列來作為論據(jù)。其他選型偏離太大.B2ThecurrentEbola(埃博拉病毒)outbreakinwesternandcentralAfricahasinfectedatleast3,069people,including1,552dead,makingitthelargestoutbreakinhistory.Ebolaisadeadlyvirus—about60percentofpeopleinfectedwithithavedied.HowisEboladoingitsharm?WhenapersonbecomesinfectedwithEbola,thevirusdamagesthebody’simmune(免疫的)cells,whichdefendagainstinfection,saidaresearcheratLancasterUniversity.Butifaperson’simmunesystemcanstanduptothisattack,thenheismorelikelytosurvivethedisease.Thepatientsthatsurviveitbestarethosewhodon’tgetsuchabaddisadvantageinimmunesystem.Butifthebodyisn’tabletogetridofthisattack,thentheimmunesystembecomeslessabletoregulate(調(diào)節(jié))itself.Thismeanstheimmunesystemismorelikelytorunoutofcontrol,leadingtoadropinbloodpressure,multi-organfailureandeventuallydeath.Whatarethecommonsymptomsofthedisease?Fever.Headache.Jointandmuscleaches.Weakness.Diarrhea.Vomiting.Stomachpain.Lackofappetite.Chills.Rash.Rednessintheeyes.Hiccups.Cough.Sorethroat.Chestpain.Difficultbreathingorswallowing.Bleedinginsideandoutsideofthebody.HowtopreventthespreadofEbola?Ebolacanbespreadprimarilyviadirectcontactwithpatients,specificallythebloodandfluidsofaninfectedpatient.Weshouldavoidcontactwithinfectedpatientsandobjectssuchasclothing,bedding,andneedlesusedbythem.Avoidareaswhereinfectionshavebeenreported.Fornow,thediseasehasonlybeenconfirmedincentralandWestAfrica,fourcasesinAmericaandEurope.Avoideatingwild-caughtbushmeat.Researchershavesuspectedthatthediseasecametohumansviaanimals,probablythroughthemeatofprimates(靈長(zhǎng)類).Ifyou’reinanareawherethediseasehasbeenreported,avoidpurchasing,eating,orhandlingwildgametostayonthesafeside.Wearprotectivemedicalclothingifyou’rearoundinfectedpatients.Extremecautionisnecessary.Hospitalworkersmustusemasks,gloves,goggles,andgowns,whichneededtobewornatalltimesifyou’rearoundinfectedpatients.HowDoPeopleSurviveEbola?Doctorsdon’tknowforcertainwhowillsurviveEbola,andthereisnospecifictreatmentorcureforthedisease.Althoughintheminority,somepeopledorecoverfrominfection.Oursuggestionsinclude:Maintainyourelectrolytes(電解質(zhì))andbodyliquid.Sportsdrinkscanbeused.Monitoryourbloodpressureandcontrolitifnecessary.Droppingbloodpressuremaybeaserioussignofinfection.Breatheinanoxygen-richenvironment.Quicklyaddressanysymptomsofinfection.Behonestaboutwhenandwhereyou’refeelingpain.4.Ebolacausesthedeathofahumanbeingby________.A.attackinghimwithhighfever B.regulatinghisimmunesystemC.damaginghisimmunecells D.harmingallhisorgansdirectly5.WhatisNOTmentionedasthesymptomofEbola?A.Feverandchills. B.Swallowingdifficulty.C.Lossofblood. D.Highbloodpressure.6.InordernottobeinfectedbyEbola,weshould_________.A.havetheclothingoftheinfectedcleaned B.avoideatingwildanimalslikemonkeysC.nottraveltoAfrica,AmericaorEurope D.stayathomewithoutgoinganywhere7.Itistruethat________.A.acertainnumberofpeoplesurviveEbola B.humanhasfoundaspecialcureforEbolaC.oxygencansaveinfectedpeople’slives D.lowbloodpressureissurelycausedbyEbola答案：4.C5.D6.B7.A解析：當(dāng)一個(gè)人被Ebola感染時(shí)，病毒就傷害了身體的免疫細(xì)胞。研究者懷疑疾病是通過動(dòng)物傳給人的，很可能是通過靈長(zhǎng)類的肉。提醒人們避免吃野生野味。4.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一小標(biāo)題第一段第一句WhenapersonbecomesinfectedwithEbola,thevirusdamagesthebody’simmune(免疫的)cells,當(dāng)一個(gè)人被Ebola感染時(shí),病毒就傷害了身體的免疫細(xì)胞。5.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二小標(biāo)題中Fever.Headache.Jointandmuscleaches.Weakness.DiarrheaVomiting.Stomachpain.Lackofappetite.Chills.Rash.Rednessintheeyes.Hiccups.Cough.Sorethroat.Chestpain.Difficultbreathingorswallowing.Bleedinginsideandoutsideofthebody.從這里可知文中提到了Fever發(fā)燒，Chills冷，Difficultbreathingorswallowing呼吸或吞咽困難，Bleedinginsideandoutsideofthebody.血流到身體外面。文中未提到Highbloodpressure.高血壓。6.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三小標(biāo)題第二段第三句Avoideatingwild-caughtbushmeat.Researchershavesuspectedthatthediseasecametohumansviaanimals,probablythroughthemeatofprimates(靈長(zhǎng)類).避免吃野生野味。研究者懷疑疾病是通過動(dòng)物傳給人的，很可能是通過靈長(zhǎng)類的肉。7.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四小標(biāo)題第一段第二句Althoughintheminority,somepeopledorecoverfrominfection.盡管是少數(shù)，一些人確實(shí)從感染中恢復(fù)了。B3Theterm“Industry4.0”referstothefourthindustrialrevolution.Thefirstindustrialrevolutionwastheproductionofgoodswithmachineslikesteamengines,whichwasfollowedbythesecondindustrialrevolutionthatintroducedmassproductionwiththehelpofelectricpower,followedbythedigitalrevolution—theuseofelectronicsandITinproduction.Industry4.0isahigh-techproject,whichpromotesthecomputerizationofmanufacturing(制造業(yè)).ThebasicprincipleofIndustry4.0isthatbyconnectingmachines,workpiecesandsystems,wearecreatingintelligentnetworksalongtheentirevaluechainthatcancontroleachotherautomatically.ThegoalistheSmartFactory,whichadaptswellandusesresourcesefficientlyaswellaslinkingcustomersandbusinesspartnerswithgreatintelligence.TechnologicalbasisaretheInternetsystemsandadvancedfactories.ExpertsbelievethatIndustry4.0couldbearealityinabout10to20years.So,whateffectsdoesthischangehaveontheclassicmanufacturing?Accordingtoanexpert,“itishighlylikelythattheworldofproductionwillbecomemoreandmorenetworkeduntileverythingisconnectedwitheverythingelse.”Networksandprocesseshavesofarbeenlimitedtoonefactory.ButinthetimeofIndustry4.0,theboundaries(界限)ofindividualfactorieswillmostlikelynolongerexist.Instead,theywillbeliftedinordertointer-connectmultiplefactoriesorevengeographicalregions.HowisanIndustry4.0factorydifferentfromatoday’sfactory?Incurrentindustryenvironment,providinghigh-endqualityserviceorproductwiththeleastcostisthekeytosuccess.Factoriesaretryingtoincreasetheirprofitasmuchaspossible.InthetimeofIndustry4.0,variousdatasourcesareavailabletoprovideworthwhileinformationaboutdifferentaspectsofthefactory.Usingdataforunderstandingthecurrentconditionandcheckingfaultsandfailuresisanaturalthing.Thesharingofinformationaroundtheclockandaroundtheglobewillenabletheseconnectedsyst