陜西省2023-2024學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期2月大聯(lián)考英語試題(解析版)

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1陜西省2023-2024學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期2月大聯(lián)考英語試題第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）略第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AFouroftheWorld’sToughestUltramarathonsUltramarathons,asanicheactivity(小眾活動(dòng)),involvelongerracesthantheusual42.2-kilometermarathon.Herearefourofthetoughestultramarathonsaroundtheglobe,attractingrunnerstochallengethemselves.Badwater135Badwater135isa217-kilometertrek(長途跋涉)fromCalifornia’sDeathValleytotheMt.Whitneytrailhead.SomeofthehottesttemperaturesonEarthhavebeenrecordedhere,andit’snotunusualforrunnerstofacetemperaturesaround48.9℃duringtheJulyevent.Participantstypicallydressinwhiteandsteponlyontheroad’swhitepaintedmarkings,astheblacktop(柏油路)meltsoboes.BarkleyMarathonsThere’snoquestionthattheBarkleyMarathonsisonetoughrace,forits99percentdropoutrate.Sinceitsstartin1986,only17peoplehavemanagedtocompleteitsapproximate161kilometers.It’sdifficultonlybecausetherearenomarkersoraidstationsonthecourse,andrunnersmustfindthewaywithoutphonesorGPSdevices,runningthroughthethickforestandclimbingupanddownmountains.MarathondesSablesThis250-kilometertrekthroughtheSaharaDesertbeganin1986.Participantshavetocarrytheirownfoodandsleepingequipmentforsevendaysacrossunendingsand,andthetemperaturestheretakeover37.8℃.Participantsexperiencesunbum,poisonoussnakesandmaybeevensandstorms.MontaneYukonArcticUltraKnownastheworld’scoldestandhardestultramarathon,thisFebruaryeventcovers692kilometerswitha13-daytimelimit.Runnerscanfacetemperatureswellbelow0℃,plusthestrongcoldwind.Freshsnoworhighwindscanmakethejourneyextremelychallenging,whilerivercrossingcanbedeadlyiftheiceisunstable.1.WhatdoBadwater135andMarathondesSableshaveincommon?A.Runnersmayencounterwildanimals. B.Runnersmustwearlight-coloredclothes.C.Runnersmaysufferextremeheat. D.Runnerswillbeofferedenoughfood.2.Whichissuitableforrunnerswithagoodsenseofdirection?A.Badwater135. B.BarkleyMarathons.C.MarathondesSables. D.MontaneYukonArcticUltra.3.WhatisspecialaboutMontaneYukonArcticUltra?A.Itsetsnoroadsigns. B.Ithasahighdropoutrate.C.Itinvolveslotsoffunskiing. D.Itcoversthelongestdistance.【語篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了世界上最艱難的四場超級(jí)馬拉松?！即鸢浮?.C2.B3.D【1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“SomeofthehottesttemperaturesonEarthhavebeenrecordedhere,andit’snotunusualforrunnerstofacetemperaturesaround48.9℃duringtheJulyevent.(這里記錄了一些地球上最熱的溫度，在7月的比賽中，跑步者面臨48.9℃左右的溫度并不罕見)”以及第四段“Participantshavetocarrytheirownfoodandsleepingequipmentforsevendaysacrossunendingsand,andthetemperaturestheretakeover37.8℃.(參加者必須攜帶自己的食物和睡眠設(shè)備，在長達(dá)7天的時(shí)間里穿越無盡的沙灘，那里的溫度超過37.8℃)”可知，Badwater135和MarathondesSables的共同之處是跑步者可能會(huì)遭受極端高溫。故選C?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“It’sdifficultonlybecausetherearenomarkersoraidstationsonthecourse,andrunnersmustfindthewaywithoutphonesorGPSdevices,runningthroughthethickforestandclimbingupanddownmountains.(比賽之所以困難，只是因?yàn)橘惖郎蠜]有路標(biāo)或輔助站，選手們必須在沒有手機(jī)或GPS設(shè)備的情況下找到路，在茂密的森林中奔跑，在山上爬上爬下)”可知，BarkleyMarathons適合方向感好的跑步者。故選B?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Knownastheworld’scoldestandhardestultramarathon,thisFebruaryeventcovers692kilometerswitha13-daytimelimit.(被稱為世界上最冷、最艱難的超級(jí)馬拉松，今年2月舉行的比賽全長692公里，時(shí)限為13天)”可知，MontaneYukonArcticUltra的特別之處是四個(gè)馬拉松中覆蓋距離最長的。故選D。BJillWright’sson,Harry,wasanaturalperformer.FromlearningdancemovesonTVat18monthstowinningatalentcontestatseven,hisloveforthestagewasevidentearlyon.HistalentledhimtobeaperformerinTheBookofMormononWestEndby20.However,atragicturncamewhenHarrywasdiagnosedwithabraintumor(腫瘤)and,afterabravebattle,passedawayin2019,attheageof25.HisdeathupturnedWright’slife.Thisyear,at61,WrightstagedashowwrittenbyHarry,atSt.Paul’sChurchinhismemory.Afterworkingfor40yearsasaspeechandlanguagetherapist(治療專家)forchildrenwithspecialneeds,shehasswitchedcareerstobecomeadresser,amoveinspiredbyHarry’sownsuggestionsduringhislifetime,asWrightmadecostumesforHarrythroughouthischildhood.Harry’sdeathallowedhertoreflectandprepareforchange.However,thechangewasn’teasy.Formonths,shesentherCV(簡歷)totheatresandproductionstonoavail.Finally,Wright’spersistencepaidoffwhenshereceivedajobofferasadresserforLesMisérables.Embracinghernewrole,shefoundjoyandcomfortinherwork,dressingfourperformersandalsoprovidingemotionalsupport.NowWrightworksoneightshowsoverasix-dayweekandleavesthetheatreatabout10:45pmafteraneveningperformance,beforereturninghometoChingford,EastLondon.ThehourshavegivenheranewunderstandingofthedemandinglifeHarryonceled.Wrighthasexperiencedlossbefore.Shewas22whenherhusband,whomshehadmarriedtwoyearsearlier,diedsuddenlyfromaheartattack.Theseexperienceshaveshapedherunderstandingandphilosophyoflife.“Life’seventsandcircumstancescanpavethewayforanewfuture.Eveninourdarkestdays,thereisalighttobefound.Happinessandsadnesscancoexistinourdailylives,”Wrightsaid.4.WhatmotivatedWrighttochangehercareer?A.Thedeathofherhusband. B.Emotionalsupportfromfriends.C.TheinfluenceandmemoryofHarry. D.Alongdesiretoworkinthetheatre.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“tonoavail”mean?A.Withgreathope. B.Withnooutcome.C.Withconsiderableeffort. D.Withprofessionalhelp.6.WhatcanweknowaboutWrightfromthelastparagraph?A.Shegotmarriedattheageof20. B.Shesufferedfromaheartattack.C.Herhusbandaffectedheralot. D.Hercareermetmanychallenges.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeJillWright?A.Gentleandoutgoing. B.Talentedandtough.C.Sincereandthoughtful. D.Humorousandconservative.【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了，因兒子哈里生前的建議，61歲的吉爾·賴特轉(zhuǎn)行成為了一名化妝師，到處投簡歷，最終收到了《悲慘世界》化妝師的工作邀請，她在工作中找到了快樂和安慰，對(duì)哈里曾經(jīng)過的艱苦生活有了新的認(rèn)識(shí)，她認(rèn)為不愉快的經(jīng)歷塑造了她對(duì)生活的理解和哲學(xué)?！即鸢浮?.C5.B6.A7.B【4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中“Afterworkingfor40yearsasaspeechandlanguagetherapist(治療專家)forchildrenwithspecialneeds,shehasswitchedcareerstobecomeadresser,amoveinspiredbyHarry’sownsuggestionsduringhislifetime,asWrightmadecostumesforHarrythroughouthischildhood.Harry’sdeathallowedhertoreflectandprepareforchange.(在為有特殊需求的兒童做了40年的言語和語言治療師后，她轉(zhuǎn)行成為了一名化妝師，這一舉動(dòng)的靈感來自哈里生前的建議，因?yàn)橘囂卦诠锏恼麄€(gè)童年都為他制作服裝。哈里的死讓她反思并為改變做準(zhǔn)備)”可知，哈里的影響和對(duì)哈里的記憶促使賴特改變了她的職業(yè)生涯。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】詞句猜測題。由第三段中“However,thechangewasn’teasy.Formonths,shesentherCV(簡歷)totheatresandproductionstonoavail.Finally,Wright’spersistencepaidoffwhenshereceivedajobofferasadresserforLesMisérables.(然而，轉(zhuǎn)行并不容易。幾個(gè)月來，她把自己的簡歷發(fā)給劇院和制片公司，tonoavail。最后，賴特的堅(jiān)持得到了回報(bào)，她收到了《悲慘世界》化妝師的工作邀請)”可知，轉(zhuǎn)行并不容易，通過堅(jiān)持不懈的努力才獲得了工作邀請，說明一開始她到處投簡歷并沒有收到（被錄用的）結(jié)果，劃線部分意為“沒有結(jié)果（Withnooutcome）”。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段中“Shewas22whenherhusband,whomshehadmarriedtwoyearsearlier,diedsuddenlyfromaheartattack.(她22歲時(shí)，兩年前結(jié)婚的丈夫突然死于心臟病發(fā)作)”可知，賴特20歲就結(jié)婚了。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。由第一段中的“However,atragicturncamewhenHarrywasdiagnosedwithabraintumor(腫瘤)and,afterabravebattle,passedawayin2019,attheageof25.(然而，悲劇的轉(zhuǎn)折發(fā)生了，哈里被診斷出患有腦瘤，經(jīng)過一場勇敢的戰(zhàn)斗，于2019年去世，享年25歲)”，第二段中“Afterworkingfor40yearsasaspeechandlanguagetherapist(治療專家)forchildrenwithspecialneeds,shehasswitchedcareerstobecomeadresser,amoveinspiredbyHarry’sownsuggestionsduringhislifetime,asWrightmadecostumesforHarrythroughouthischildhood.Harry’sdeathallowedhertoreflectandprepareforchange.(在為有特殊需求的兒童做了40年的言語和語言治療師后，她轉(zhuǎn)行成為了一名化妝師，這一舉動(dòng)的靈感來自哈里生前的建議，因?yàn)橘囂卦诠锏恼麄€(gè)童年都為他制作服裝。哈里的死讓她反思并為改變做準(zhǔn)備)”，最后一段中“Shewas22whenherhusband,whomshehadmarriedtwoyearsearlier,diedsuddenlyfromaheartattack.(她22歲時(shí)，兩年前結(jié)婚的丈夫突然死于心臟病發(fā)作)”和最后一段中“Life’seventsandcircumstancescanpavethewayforanewfuture.Eveninourdarkestdays,thereisalighttobefound.Happinessandsadnesscancoexistinourdailylives(生活中的事件和環(huán)境可以為新的未來鋪平道路。即使在我們最黑暗的日子里，也有光明可尋。幸福和悲傷可以在我們的日常生活中共存)”可知，61歲的吉爾·賴特早年喪夫，中年喪子，但仍保持積極心態(tài)，遵循兒子生前建議，從做了40年的言語和語言治療師轉(zhuǎn)行做化妝師，可得出她堅(jiān)強(qiáng)又有才干。故選B項(xiàng)。CMostgardenersknowthatearthworms(蚯蚓)helpkeepsoilshealthy.Nowscientistshaveassessedjusthowimportanttheirundergroundactivitiesaretoglobalfoodproduction—andhowtoprotectthem.InresearchpublishedthisSeptember,scientistsfoundthatearthwormsmaycontributetomorethansixpercentofglobalgrainproductioneveryyear,becauseoftheircrucialroleinsoilecosystems.Wormshelptobreakdowndeadplantmaterial,releasingnutrientsplantsneedtogrow,andtheirtunneling(挖隧道)helpsplantrootgrowth.Evidencesuggeststheyalsohelpplantsprotectthemselvesagainstcommonsoil-relateddiseasesbystimulatingtheirdefenses.“Theircontributionmayevenbelarger,”saidStevenFonte,anassociateprofessoratColoradoStateUniversityintheUnitedStateswhoco-authoredtheresearch.“Thisisbecauseearthwormpopulationsarelikelyunderestimatedinmanyplaces,especiallyinthetropicalareas,duetoalackofresearchandfundingintheglobalsouth.”heexplained.Theauthorssaidtheirfindingsrepresentoneofthefirstattemptstoquantifythecontributionofabeneficialsoilorganismtoglobalagriculturalproduction.Theyfoundthatearthwormcontributionisespeciallyhighintheglobalsouth,contributingabout10percentoftotalgrainproductioninsub-SaharanAfricaandroughlyeightpercentinLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean.Theyowedthistosoilstheregenerallyhavinghigheracidandclaycontentandbeinglessexposedtofertilizer(肥料),increasingtheroleearthwormsplayinplantgrowth.Scientistsfiguredthatearthwormsarethreatenedbytoday’sintensiveandchemical-heavyagriculturaltechniques.Agriculturalandenvironmentalpoliciesshouldsupportearthwormpopulationsandsoilbiodiversitytopromotemoresustainabledevelopment.Measurescouldincludereducingtheuseoflandforgrowingcrops,cuttingtheuseofpoisonouschemicalsubstances,andincreasingtheapplicationofwormfoodsources.“Soilsareestimatedtocontainapproximatelyhalfofallbiodiversityontheplanetandareincrediblyimportantforbiodiversityconservationefforts,”Fontesaid.8.Howdoearthwormsbenefitthesoilecosystems?A.Byincreasingthenumberofplantroots. B.Byreducingfertilizer’seffects.C.Byhelpingplantsagainstcertaindiseases. D.Bybreakingdownnutrients.9.Whatmakesearthwormscontributemoreintheglobalsouth?A.Thegoodsoilquality. B.Theadvancedagriculture.C.Thesupportivepolicy. D.Theearthworm-friendlyclimate.10.Whatisapossiblewaytoprotectearthworms?A.Expandingthefarmingland. B.Providinghealthyfoodforthem.C.Banningintensiveagriculture. D.Usingfewerharmfulchemicals.11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Earthworms:AnAssistanttoSoilHealthB.Earthworms:TheirThreatsandConservationC.Earthworms:TheDecisiveFactorinBiodiversityD.Earthworms:AContributortoWorldFoodProduction【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了科學(xué)家們已證實(shí)了蚯蚓有助于保持土壤健康，蚯蚓對(duì)全球糧食生產(chǎn)做出貢獻(xiàn)，我們需采取措施保護(hù)蚯蚓?！即鸢浮?.C9.A10.B11.D【8題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中“Evidencesuggeststheyalsohelpplantsprotectthemselvesagainstcommonsoil-relateddiseasesbystimulatingtheirdefenses.(有證據(jù)表明，蚯蚓還通過刺激植物的防御，幫助植物保護(hù)自己免受常見的土壤相關(guān)疾病的侵害)”可知，蚯蚓通過幫助植物抵御某些疾病，來有益于土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第五段中“Theyfoundthatearthwormcontributionisespeciallyhighintheglobalsouth,contributingabout10percentoftotalgrainproductioninsub-SaharanAfricaandroughlyeightpercentinLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean.Theyowedthistosoilstheregenerallyhavinghigheracidandclaycontentandbeinglessexposedtofertilizer(肥料),increasingtheroleearthwormsplayinplantgrowth.(他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，蚯蚓在全球南部貢獻(xiàn)尤其高，在撒哈拉以南非洲它們對(duì)糧食產(chǎn)量做出約10%的貢獻(xiàn)，在拉丁美洲和加勒比做出約8%的貢獻(xiàn)。他們將此歸因于那里的土壤通常具有較高的酸和粘土含量，并且較少接觸肥料，從而增加了蚯蚓在植物生長中的作用)”可知，土壤質(zhì)量好讓蚯蚓在全球南方做出了更大的貢獻(xiàn)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段中“Measurescouldincludereducingtheuseoflandforgrowingcrops,cuttingtheuseofpoisonouschemicalsubstances,andincreasingtheapplicationofwormfoodsources.(措施可以包括減少種植作物的土地使用，減少有毒化學(xué)物質(zhì)的使用，以及增加蚯蚓食物來源的做法)”可知，為蚯蚓提供健康的食物是保護(hù)蚯蚓的可能方法。故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】主旨大意題。由第二段“InresearchpublishedthisSeptember,scientistsfoundthatearthwormsmaycontributetomorethansixpercentofglobalgrainproductioneveryyear,becauseoftheircrucialroleinsoilecosystems.(在今年9月發(fā)表的研究中，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)蚯蚓每年可能對(duì)全球糧食產(chǎn)量的6%以上做出貢獻(xiàn)，因?yàn)樗鼈冊谕寥郎鷳B(tài)系統(tǒng)中發(fā)揮著至關(guān)重要的作用)”和全文可知，文章介紹了科學(xué)家們已證實(shí)了蚯蚓有助于保持土壤健康，蚯蚓對(duì)全球糧食生產(chǎn)做出貢獻(xiàn)，我們需采取措施保護(hù)蚯蚓，D項(xiàng)“蚯蚓：世界糧食生產(chǎn)的貢獻(xiàn)者”符合文意。故選D項(xiàng)。DScientistshavedevelopedafingerlikedevicethatmapsanobject’sinternalstructurein3-Dbytouchingitssurface.“Thisbionicfingerhasexcitingapplicationprospectsinmaterialcharacterizationandbiomedicalengineering,”saysZhimingChen,anengineeratChina’sWuyiUniversity.“Thetechnologycouldalsobecombinedintorobotsandmedicalfields,whichisournextresearchtopic.”Thenew“finger”containsacarbonfibertactilesensor(觸覺傳感器),whichreturnsastrongersignalwhenpressedagainstfirmerobjects.Thedevicemovesacrossanobject’ssurfacetofeelforincreasinglevelsofpressure.Thisprocesscanrevealsubsurfacedetails,suchashardlayersinsidesoftmaterials.“Whenpressedbythisbionicfinger,hardobjectsmaintaintheirshape,whereassoftobjectsdeformwhensufficientpressureisapplied,”saysJianYiluo,thestudy’sseniorauthor.“Thisinformationissenttoacomputer,alongwiththerecordedposition,anddisplayedinrealtimeasa3-Dimage.”O(jiān)therimagingmethods,includingX-ray,PET,MRIandultrasound,havetheirownadvantagesanddisadvantages.X-rayscarryhealthrisks,andotheroptionslackportabilityorspeed.Manyareexpensive.Thenewdeviceisunlikelytobesignificantlycheaperthanultrasound,butitmayprovidebetterresolution(清晰度).Inman-madehumantissue,thedevicecanexactlyfindbonesandabloodvessel(血管).Foraflexibleelectroniccircuitenvelopedinsoftmaterial,itdetectedacircuitbreakandanincorrectlydrilledhole.“Whenwemakethosedevices,wealwaysworrythatifsomethingisbroken,theonlywayyoucanknowistotakeitapart,”engineerSubramaniansays.Thedevicewillstruggletomapobjectswhoseoutersurfacesaretoohard,anditmaymissdetailsunderneathhardlayers.Theresearchersplantoextendtheirinventionintomoredimensions,however,perhapsexploringfromotherdirectionsaswell.“Thissystemmightbeexpandedtomultiplefingers,justlikeourhands,torealizedetectioninalldirections,”Chensays.“Thiswouldenableittogetmorecompleteinformation.”12.WhatdoesZhimingChenthinkofthefingerlikedevice?A.Convenient. B.Promising. C.Popular. D.Complicated.13.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Howthenewfingerworks. B.Whatbenefitsthefingerbrings.C.Wherethefingerisapplied. D.Whythefingeriswelcomed.14.What’stheadvantageofthenew3-Dimagingdevicecomparedtoultrasound?A.Itischeaper. B.Itisquicker. C.Itisclearer. D.Itissafer.15.Whatwillthestudyfocusontoimprovethedevice?A.Thesenseofdirection. B.Theexplorationofhumanhands.C.Theapplicationfield. D.Thedetectionaccuracy.【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了科學(xué)家已經(jīng)開發(fā)出一種類似手指的設(shè)備，通過觸摸物體表面來繪制物體的三維內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)?！即鸢浮?2.B13.A14.C15.C【12題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段““Thisbionicfingerhasexcitingapplicationprospectsinmaterialcharacterizationandbiomedicalengineering,”saysZhimingChen,anengineeratChina’sWuyiUniversity.(中國武夷大學(xué)的工程師陳志明說：“這種仿生手指在材料表征和生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程方面具有令人興奮的應(yīng)用前景?！?”可知，陳志明認(rèn)為這個(gè)手指狀的設(shè)備有前景。故選B?！?3題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Thenew“finger”containsacarbonfibertactilesensor(觸覺傳感器),whichreturnsastrongersignalwhenpressedagainstfirmerobjects.Thedevicemovesacrossanobject’ssurfacetofeelforincreasinglevelsofpressure.Thisprocesscanrevealsubsurfacedetails,suchashardlayersinsidesoftmaterials.“Whenpressedbythisbionicfinger,hardobjectsmaintaintheirshape,whereassoftobjectsdeformwhensufficientpressureisapplied,”saysJianYiluo,thestudy’sseniorauthor.“Thisinformationissenttoacomputer,alongwiththerecordedposition,anddisplayedinrealtimeasa3-Dimage.”(新的“手指”包含一個(gè)碳纖維觸覺傳感器，當(dāng)按壓更堅(jiān)固的物體時(shí)，它會(huì)返回更強(qiáng)的信號(hào)。該裝置在物體表面移動(dòng)，以感知壓力水平的增加。這個(gè)過程可以揭示表面下的細(xì)節(jié)，比如軟材料內(nèi)部的硬層。該研究的資深作者JianYiluo說：“當(dāng)被這個(gè)仿生手指按壓時(shí)，堅(jiān)硬的物體保持其形狀，而柔軟的物體在施加足夠的壓力時(shí)就會(huì)變形?！薄斑@些信息連同記錄的位置一起被發(fā)送到計(jì)算機(jī)，并以3D圖像的形式實(shí)時(shí)顯示?！?”可知，第二段的主要內(nèi)容是新手指的工作原理。故選A?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Thenewdeviceisunlikelytobesignificantlycheaperthanultrasound,butitmayprovidebetterresolution(清晰度).(這種新設(shè)備不太可能比超聲波便宜很多，但它可能提供更好的分辨率)”可知，與超聲波相比，新的3D成像設(shè)備優(yōu)勢在于更清楚。故選C?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Thetechnologycouldalsobecombinedintorobotsandmedicalfields,whichisournextresearchtopic.(這項(xiàng)技術(shù)也可以結(jié)合到機(jī)器人和醫(yī)療領(lǐng)域，這是我們的下一個(gè)研究課題)”可推知，該研究將關(guān)注應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域來改進(jìn)該設(shè)備。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題：每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。UphillHikingTipsIfthere’sonethingthattroubleshikers,it’sasteepuphillclimbthatstretchesonformiles.Fortunately,learningtherighttoolsandtechniquestousewillhelpyoutravelfasterandmoreefficiently.Adopttheswitchbacks(之字形路線)Youmayfindswitchbacksasanalternativetoastraightroute.Butifthey’renotavailable,youcanmakesmallswitchbacks.____16____.Anddon’tgiveintoyourimpatiencetoreachthetopasfastasyoucan.TakeshorterstepsThinkofitlikeridingabike.Shiftingintoalowergearwhilecyclinguphillallowsyoutocoverlessgroundeachtimeyoupedal,butitfeelseasieronyourmuscles.____17____.Takingshorterstepsatthesamerateasusualwillmakeitlessresistantandeasiertoclimb.GetsomehelpfromyourclimbingpolesClimbingpolesareausefultoolwhenyouarehikinguphill.Theyinviteyourarmstohelpyourlegspushyouupthehill,andofferagreatplacetorestyourforeheadwhenyouneedtobendoverandrestforafewmoments.____18____.TakeabreakIfthepointofyourhikeistoenjoyyourself,don’tfeellikeyouhavetopushit.____19____.Evenpausingfor30secondswithouttakingyourpackoffcanbeextremelyhelpfulinrefreshingyouandgivingyourmusclessomerest.____20____Climbingburnsalotofcalories,sotokeepyourbodyenergized,makesureyou’refeedingitregularly.Howoftenyourefueldependsonhowyoufeel.A.Don’tforgettoeatB.HavemealsatthesametimeC.It’sthesamewithhikinguphillD.Ifyouneedtohavearest,justdoitE.Sowhenpossible,alwayschoosetherealthinginsteadF.Mostimportantly,theytakesomeoftheloadoffyourmusclesandbonesG.Inanotherword，walkinZ-shapefromsidetosideiftheroadiswideenough【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一些登山上坡的建議?！即鸢浮?6.G17.C18.F19.D20.A【16題詳析】根據(jù)標(biāo)題“Adopttheswitchbacks(采用之字形路線)”上文“Youmayfindswitchbacksasanalternativetoastraightroute.Butifthey’renotavailable,youcanmakesmallswitchbacks.(你可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)迂回路線是直線路線的替代選擇。但如果沒有的話，你可以稍微改變一下)”以及后文“Anddon’tgiveintoyourimpatiencetoreachthetopasfastasyoucan.(不要因?yàn)槟阆氡M快到達(dá)頂峰向你的急躁屈服)”可知，本段的主旨是采用之字形路線，故本句承接上文，說明沒有迂回路線的時(shí)候該怎么做。故G選項(xiàng)“換句話說，如果道路足夠?qū)挸?，就從一邊向另一邊呈‘Z’字形行走?！狈险Z境，故選G?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Thinkofitlikeridingabike.Shiftingintoalowergearwhilecyclinguphillallowsyoutocoverlessgroundeachtimeyoupedal,butitfeelseasieronyourmuscles.(把它想象成騎自行車。在騎車上坡時(shí)，換到較低的檔位可以讓你每次踩的地面更少，但對(duì)你的肌肉來說感覺更輕松)”以及后文“Takingshorterstepsatthesamerateasusualwillmakeitlessresistantandeasiertoclimb.(以與平常相同的速度走更短的步幅會(huì)使它阻力更小，更容易攀登)”可知，上文提到了把登山想象成騎自行車，說明二者原理相似，故C選項(xiàng)“爬山也是一樣”符合語境，故選C。【18題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Climbingpolesareausefultoolwhenyouarehikinguphill.Theyinviteyourarmstohelpyourlegspushyouupthehill,andofferagreatplacetorestyourforeheadwhenyouneedtobendoverandrestforafewmoments.(登山杖是徒步上山時(shí)的有用工具。登山杖能讓你的雙臂幫助雙腿推你上山，當(dāng)你需要彎腰休息片刻時(shí)，登山杖還能讓你的前額得到很好的休息)”可知，本句承接上文，說明登山杖的好處和作用。故F選項(xiàng)“最重要的是，它們可以減輕你肌肉和骨骼的負(fù)擔(dān)”符合語境，故選F。【19題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Ifthepointofyourhikeistoenjoyyourself,don’tfeellikeyouhavetopushit.(如果你的徒步旅行的目的是享受，不要覺得你必須強(qiáng)迫它)”以及后文“Evenpausingfor30secondswithouttakingyourpackoffcanbeextremelyhelpfulinrefreshingyouandgivingyourmusclessomerest.(即使只休息30秒而不脫下背包，也能極大地幫助你恢復(fù)精神，讓你的肌肉得到休息)”可知，上文提到了不必強(qiáng)迫自己，后文提到了短暫休息的好處，可知本句是在建議需要休息的時(shí)候就休息。故D選項(xiàng)“如果你需要休息，就休息吧”符合語境，故選D?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“Climbingburnsalotofcalories,sotokeepyourbodyenergized,makesureyou’refeedingitregularly.Howoftenyourefueldependsonhowyoufeel.(攀巖會(huì)燃燒很多卡路里，所以為了讓你的身體保持活力，一定要定期給它喂食。你多久補(bǔ)充一次能量取決于你的感覺)”可知，本段的主旨是要及時(shí)吃東西來補(bǔ)充能量。故A選項(xiàng)“別忘了吃東西”符合語境，故選A。第三部分語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Whatwouldyoudoifyouwonthelottery(彩票-抽獎(jiǎng))?ForoneNorthCarolinaman,theanswerissimple:hewouldhelpothersbysupporting____21____.Sanaisa39-year-olddance____22____inNorthCarolinawhosemotherlandisMali,awar-torncountryinWestAfrica.Hopingto____23____thekidsfromhisnativecountry,he____24____ascratch-offticket(刮刮樂).Fortunately,luckwas____25____,andhewon$100,000.Now,he’splanningtoputittowardsagreat____26____.Sanaisinterestedingivingbacktohiscommunity,particularlytothefuturegenerationswhowillhopefullykeep____27____alive.Sanaholdsthebeliefthattraditionsarevitaltothefabricofacommunityasthey____28____whopeopleareandwheretheycomefrom.“IlovetodanceandIwantto____29____thechildreninMali,”headmits.WestAfricanfolkdancehashistoricallybeena(n)____30____traditioninAfricansocieties.However,therapidpaceofglobalizationhascausedalossofinterestamong____31____generations.“Thisisofgreat____32____asthedisappearanceoftraditionaldance____33____thelossofcommunityidentityandhistoricalsignificance,”heexplains.Inanefforttokeepitalive,Sanahasbeen____34____traditionalMaliandanceworkshopsintheU.S.Whenhegetsthechancetotraveltohishometown,hegiveslessonstohomelesschildren.____35____,thesegroupclassestakeplaceoutintheopen,____36____ondirtfloors.That’sthereasonwhyhis____37____haslongbeentosupporteducationand____38____morespacesforitinhisnativecountry.Ultimately,thedanceinstructorisjust____39____toseehisdreamcometruelittlebylittleandthemoneywillsurelygoalongwayin____40____Maliantraditions.21.A.reform B.education C.technology D.independence22.A.consultant B.reporter C.amateur D.instructor23.A.inspire B.guide C.help D.free24.A.purchased B.won C.tore D.designed25.A.onhismind B.onhisside C.inhisway D.inhishonor26.A.deal B.journey C.business D.cause27.A.traditions B.expectations C.memories D.spirits28.A.know B.define C.predict D.affect29.A.remind. B.arrange C.advise D.teach30.A.important B.practical C.simple D.yearly31.A.responsible B.different C.younger D.previous32.A.concern B.benefit C.power D.interest33.A.forces B.means C.demands D.replaces34.A.comparing B.decorating C.running D.observing35.A.However B.Therefore C.Instead D.Besides36.A.casually B.obviously C.surely D.mostly37.A.fantasy B.job C.dream D.request38.A.use B.borrow C.create D.test39.A.cheesed B.thrilled C.moved D.amused40.A.exploring B.shaping C.showing D.preserving【語篇解讀】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要介紹了買了刮刮樂贏了10萬美元北卡羅來納的男子Sana，中獎(jiǎng)后通過支持教育來幫助他人的原因和具體事跡?！即鸢浮?1.B22.D23.C24.A25.B26.A27.A28.B29.D30.A31.C32.A33.B34.C35.A36.D37.C38.C39.B40.D【21題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：對(duì)一位北卡羅來納男子來說，〖答案〗很簡單：他會(huì)通過支持教育來幫助他人。A.reform改革；B.education教育；C.technology技術(shù)；D.independence獨(dú)立。根據(jù)后文的“That’sthereasonwhyhishaslongbeentosupporteducation”可知，他長期以來一直支持教育，所以他中了彩票后會(huì)通過支持教育來幫助他人。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Sana今年39歲，是北卡羅來納州的一名舞蹈教練，他的祖國是西非飽受戰(zhàn)爭蹂躪的國家馬里。A.consultant顧問；B.reporter記者；C.amateur業(yè)余愛好者；D.instructor教練。根據(jù)前文的“Sanaisa39-year-olddance”和后文“hegiveslessonstohomelesschildren”可知，Sana是一名舞蹈教練。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：為了幫助祖國的孩子們，他購買了刮刮樂。A.inspire啟發(fā)；B.guide指導(dǎo)；C.help幫助；D.free釋放。根據(jù)后文的“thekidsfromhisnativecountry”可知，他購買了刮刮樂是為了幫助祖國的孩子們。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：為了幫助祖國的孩子們，他購買了刮刮樂。A.purchased購買；B.won贏得；C.tore撕裂；D.designed設(shè)計(jì)。根據(jù)前文的“Whatwouldyoudoifyouwonthelottery(彩票-抽獎(jiǎng))?ForoneNorthCarolinaman,theanswerissimple:hewouldhelpothersbysupporting”和后文“ascratch-offticket(刮刮樂)”可知，他購買了刮刮樂。故選A項(xiàng)。【25題詳析】考查固定短語辨析。句意：幸運(yùn)的是，運(yùn)氣站在他這邊，他贏了10萬美元。A.onhismind在他的腦海里；B.onhisside站在他這邊；C.inhisway擋他的道；D.inhishonor為對(duì)他表示敬意。根據(jù)后文的“andhewon$100,000.”可知，他贏了10萬美元，運(yùn)氣站在他這邊。故選B項(xiàng)?！?6題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在，他打算把它推進(jìn)很多。A.deal大量；B.journey旅程；C.business商業(yè)；D.cause原因。根據(jù)前文的“Hopingtothekidsfromhisnativecountry,he4ascratch-offticket(刮刮樂).Fortunately,luckwas,andhewon$100,000.”可知，他贏了10萬美元，想把幫助孩子們這件事推進(jìn)很多。adealof“很多，許多”。故選A項(xiàng)。【27題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Sana有興趣回饋他的社區(qū)，特別是對(duì)希望保持傳統(tǒng)的活力的后代。A.traditions傳統(tǒng)；B.expectations期望；C.memories記憶；D.spirits精神。根據(jù)后文的“Sanaholdsthebeliefthattraditionsarevitaltothefabricofacommunity”可知，Sana認(rèn)為，傳統(tǒng)對(duì)于一個(gè)社區(qū)的結(jié)構(gòu)至關(guān)重要，所以Sana愿意幫助那些希望保持傳統(tǒng)的生命力的后代。故選A項(xiàng)?！?8題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：薩那認(rèn)為，傳統(tǒng)對(duì)一個(gè)社區(qū)的結(jié)構(gòu)至關(guān)重要，因?yàn)樗鼈兌x了人們是誰以及他們來自哪里。A.know知道；B.define定義，明確；C.predict預(yù)測；D.affect影響。根據(jù)后文的“whopeopleareandwheretheycomefrom”可知，傳統(tǒng)定義了人們是誰以及他們來自哪里。故選B項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“我喜歡跳舞，我想教馬里的孩子們，”他承認(rèn)。A.remind提醒；B.arrange排列；C.advise建議；D.teach教。根據(jù)前文的“Sanaisa39-year-olddanceinNorthCarolinawhosemotherlandisMali,”和后文“thechildreninMali”、“hegiveslessonstohomelesschildren”可知，Sana是一名舞蹈教練，想教馬里的孩子們。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：西非民間舞蹈在歷史上一直是非洲社會(huì)的重要傳統(tǒng)。A.important重要的；B.practical實(shí)用的；C.simple簡單的；D.yearly每年的。根據(jù)前文的“WestAfricanfolkdancehashistoricallybeen”和后文“traditioninAfricansocieties”可知，在歷史上西非民間舞蹈一直是重要的傳統(tǒng)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，全球化的快速步伐已經(jīng)使年輕一代失去了興趣。A.responsible負(fù)責(zé)的；B.different不同的；C.younger較年輕的；D.previous以前的。根據(jù)前文的“therapidpaceofglobalizationhascausedalossofinterestamong”和后文“asthedisappearanceoftraditionaldancethelossofcommunityidentityandhistoricalsignificance”可知，全球化的快速步伐已經(jīng)使年輕一代失去了對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的興趣，導(dǎo)致后文說到傳統(tǒng)舞蹈的消失意味著社區(qū)身份和歷史意義的喪失。故選C項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他解釋說：“這是一個(gè)非常令人擔(dān)憂的問題，因?yàn)閭鹘y(tǒng)舞蹈的消失意味著社區(qū)身份和歷史意義的喪失?！盇.concern擔(dān)心，憂慮；B.benefit益處；C.power力量；D.interest興趣。根據(jù)后文的“asthedisappearanceoftraditionaldance13thelossofcommunityidentityandhistoricalsignificance”可知，傳統(tǒng)舞蹈的消失意味著社區(qū)身份和歷史意義的喪失，所以這是一個(gè)非常令人擔(dān)憂的問題。故選A項(xiàng)。【33題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他解釋說：“這是一個(gè)非常令人擔(dān)憂的問題，因?yàn)閭鹘y(tǒng)舞蹈的消失意味著社區(qū)身份和歷史意義的喪失?！盇.forces強(qiáng)迫；B.means意味著；C.demands需要；D.replaces替換。根據(jù)前文的“asthedisap