2023-2024學(xué)年新人教版選擇性必修第四冊(cè)高中英語(yǔ)Unit1ScienceFiction學(xué)業(yè)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)

Unit1學(xué)業(yè)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)

（時(shí)間：120分鐘滿(mǎn)分：150分）

選擇題部分

第一部分：聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分）

第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分7.5分）

聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)。每段對(duì)話(huà)后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳

選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話(huà)后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話(huà)

僅讀一遍。

1.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?C

A.Atafruitshop.

B.Atacandyshop.

C.Atthewoman，shouse.

2.Whatcoloristheman，stoothbrush?A

A.Blue.B.Green.

C.Red.

3.Whatisthenewbuilding?A

A.Anofficebuilding.

B.Adepartmentstore.

C.Ahospital.

4.Whendoesthegirlhavetogotobed?A

A.At8I00p.m.B.At9100p.m.

C.At11I00p.m.

5.Whatisthemanmostlyworriedabout?B

A.Thesafetyofthemachine.

B.Thesafetyoftheairplane.

C.Theserviceoftheairhostess.

第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題L5分，滿(mǎn)分22.5分）

聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選

項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完

后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。

聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

6.Whatarethespeakersdoing?B

A.Paintingthewalls.

B.Movingfurniture.

C.Cleaningthehouse.

7.Whatdoesthemansayaboutthework?C

A.Itisveryboring.

B.Itiswelldone.

C.Itisunnecessary.

聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至10題。

8.Howistheweathertoday?C

A.Windy.B.Cool.

C.Nice.

9.Whatseasonisitprobably?C

A.Spring.B.Fall.

C.Winter.

10.Howdoesthemanfindthewoman5ssuggestion?A

A.Dangerous.B.Wonderful.

C.Justso-so.

聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第11至13題。

11.WhatdoesthemanfindthemostdifficultinlearningEnglish?C

A.Speaking.B.Writing.

C.Listening.

12.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthewoman5ssuggestiononimprovinglistening

finally?B

A.Itisimpractical.

B.Itisagoodidea.

C.Itissilly.

13.Whatisthemanadvisedtodotoimprovehiswriting?A

A.FindanEnglishpenfriend.

B.WatchEnglishTVprogrammes.

C.ListentoEnglishradioprogrammes.

聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第14至17題。

14.WhydoesthewomangotoJapan?A

A.Tostudy.B.Tofindajob.

C.Totravel.

15.Whatdidthemanplantodooriginally?B

A.Workinasupermarket.

B.Openhisownbusiness.

C.StudyinJapan.

16.Whatjobdoesthemanprobablydonow?B

A.Adoctor.B.Ashopassistant.

C.Anofficer.

17.Whatisthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A

A.Friends.B.Colleagues.

C.Teacherandstudent.

聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第18至20題。

18.WhenweremanyofYork'slandmarksbuilt?A

A.DuringtheMiddleAges.

B.DuringtheVikingoccupation.

C.DuringtheRomanoccupation.

19.Whichisamust-visitinYork?A

A.TheShambles.

B.Georgiantownhouses.

C.TheVictorianrailwaystation.

20.What'sthepurposeofthetalk?B

A.TointroduceYork，sorigin.

B.ToattractvisitorstoYork.

C.Torecommendbuildings.

聽(tīng)力原文

Text1

M：Thissheetsmellslikestrawberries.Whendidyouwashit?

W：Ididn'twashit.Ithinkmylittlegirlwaseatingcandyonthatbed.I'mso

sorry.

M：Noproblem.Ithinkitsmellsgood.

Text2

M：Who'sbeenusingmytoothbrush?

W：Notme,Dad.Iusetheblueoneeverymorning,andMomusesthegreenone.

M：Alice!Yoursisred,notblue!

Text3

M：AnewbuildingisgoinguponSpringStreet.Itwillreplacetheolddepartment

store.Iguessitmightbeahospital.

W：Ireadinthepaperthatit'sanofficebuilding.

Text4

W：Whattimedoyouhavetogotobedeverynight,Mike?

M：Inthesummer,Igotobedat11100p.m.Butwhenschoolstarts,I'11have

tobeinbedby9：00p.m.

W：Mybedtimeat8：00p.m.isunreasonable!

Text5

M：What'sthatclickingnoise?Doyouhearit?Isthisairlinesafe?

W：Oh,theairhostessisdoingthat.Theycountthepassengerswithalittle

silvermachine.Themachineclickseverytimetheycountsomeone.

Text6

W：Thatdoesn，tlookright.Canyouputthesofanexttothatsidetable?

M：Youmeanweputthesofaacrossfromthebookshelf?

W：Yes.Oh,andmaybeweshouldjustmovethecoffeetableoverherebythese

chairs.

M：Anythingelse?

W：Well,nowthefurniturelooksgood,butIthinkweshouldmovethosepictures.

M：Idon，tknowwhyyou，removingeverything.Itlookedfinebefore.

Text7

M：It'safinedaytoday.

W：Yes.

M：Muchbetterthanyesterday,isn，tit?

W：Yes,butitwillbewindyandcoldtomorrow.

M：Idon，tmindaslongasitdoesn，tsnow.

W：Me,neither.Doyouwanttogoout?

M：Ofcourse.Doyouhaveanyplan?

W：Howaboutskating?Itwasfivedegreesbelowzeroyesterday.Iguessthelake

iscoveredwithicenow.

M：ButIdon5tthinktheiceisstrongenoughyet.

W：Perhapsyouareright.Ihopeforcolderweather,sowecangoskating.

M：SodoI.

Text8

W：WhatdoyoufindthehardestinlearningEnglish?

M：Ifindlisteningreallydifficult.

W：Well,youjustneedalotofpractice.

M：It'seasiersaidthandone!

W：Whydon，tyoubuyaradio?ThenyoucanlistentoEnglishprogrammes.

M：Doyouthinkthatwouldhelp?

W：Ofcourse.

M：That，sagoodidea.ButIalsohavesomedifficultiesinwriting.

W：Oh,well,forthat,you，dbetterfindanEnglishpenfriend.

M：Thankyouforyouradvice.

Text9

M：Hello,Linda.Ihaven，tseenyouforages.Whatareyoudoingintown?

W：Oh,rvejustcomebackfromJapan.

M：Oh,you，vebeenabroad,haven，tyou?

W：Yes,IwenttoJapantolearnJapanesethere.Andhowaboutyou?Thelasttime

wetalked,didn'tyoutellmeyouweregoingtoopenyourownbusiness?

M：That，sright.Iwas.Butthingsturnedoutdifferentl.

W：But,youseemedsodeterminedtodothat.Whathappened?

M：Well,it'sverycomplicated,andI'msureyoudon，twanttoknowallthe

details.AnywayIdecidedthatopeningmyownbusinessjustwasn51forme.SoIdecided

tostayatmyoldjobinstead.

W：Soyouarestillworkinginthatshop?

M：Yes.Well,alothashappenedsincewelastsaweachother.

W：r11say!Youknow,weshouldtrytostayintouch.

M：Let5shavelunchtogethersometimesoon.

W：Goodidea.

Text10

M：KingGeorgeVIsaid“ThehistoryofYorkisthehistoryofEngland."York

wasfoundedbytheRomansin71AD.TheRomansalsolivedinitandruleditforthe

nextthreecenturies,turningitintoacityofglobalimportance.TheViking

occupationofYorktookplacein866AD.TheVikingsfarmedthelandandweregreat

traders,artists,engineersandshipbuilders.OvertheyearswhenYorkwasunder

theVikings，rule,thecitydevelopedinasuccessfulway.TheMiddleAgesisan

importantperiodinYork，shistory,asmanyofthecity'slandmarkswerebuiltwithin

thisperiod.

There，rebuildingsoftheMiddleAges,impressiveGeorgiantownhousesanda

Victorianrailwaystation.AsyouexploreYorkyouwilldiscoverthateveryaspect

ofYork，smodernlifeiscloselylinkedwithitspast.Youcan，tmisstheShambles,

asit'soneofthemostrecognizedhistoricstreetsinEngland.

YorkisbetweenLondonandEdinburgh,thecapitalofScotland.Youcantakea

trainfromLondontoYorkortakeabusfromLondontogothroughCambridgeto

York.ComeandfindoutmoreaboutYork，shistory!

第二部分：閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分)

第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37.5分)

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

（2023?浙江省杭州市高三二模）

ScienceandTechnologyCamp

?Full-daycampforstudentsaged12-14

?Four-weekprogramJuly5-30|Monday-Friday,9amto4pm

Week1|July5-9

Week2|July12-16

Week3|July19-23

Week4|July26-30

?RegistrationbeginsJune1,2023-registerforminimumtwoweeks.

?Fees：$75registrationfee.$795perweek.Fullpaymentmustbemadeattimeof

registration.

?ThedeadlineforthecancellationtoreceiveafullrefundisJune15,2023.

CampStructure

Campdaysarecomprisedofeightsessionswithtwosessionsperdaywhilethe

finaldayoftheweekisreservedforoverviewsandreflection.Themorningsessions

beginat9a.m.to12p.m.followedbyonehourforlunch.(Campersshouldbring

theirlunches.)Afternoonsessionsarescheduledfrom1p.m.to4p.m.with15-minute

breaksmidwaythrougheachsession.Snacksareprovidedatbreaktime.(Foodallergies

shouldbereportedatthetimeofregistration.)

CampContent

ScienceandTechnologycampaboveallemphasizesentertainmentwhileteaching

studentsabouthowwebsitesaredesignedusingvariouscodinglanguages,rocket

design,practicalapplicationsofmathandphysics,andhowtobuildyourown

hydraulicssystem.

CampPersonnel

Thecampisheadedbythehusband-and-wifeteamofDoctorsJamesandSophieClark

whoareexpertsinthefieldsofcomputerscienceandmechanicalengineering.Our

missionistomakesureeveryonefeelsfullysupportedandexcitedtobehere.

語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了一個(gè)科技夏令營(yíng)的相關(guān)信息。

21.WhatisthelowestcostofattendingtheScienceandTechnologycamp?衛(wèi)

A.$75.B.$795.

C.$1,590.D.$1,665.

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章中“RegistrationbeginsJune1,2023—registerfor

minimumtwoweeks.（注冊(cè)開(kāi)始于2023年6月1日---最少注冊(cè)兩周。）”以及"Fees:$75

registrationfee.$795perweek.Fullpaymentmustbemadeattimeofregistration.（費(fèi)

用：75美元注冊(cè)費(fèi)。每周795美元。報(bào)名時(shí)須繳付全部費(fèi)用。”'可知，注冊(cè)費(fèi)75美元，

每周795美元，最少注冊(cè)兩周，故參加科技夏令營(yíng)最低花費(fèi)為75+795X2=1,665美元。故

選D。

22.WhatisthemainemphasisofScienceandTechnologycamp?B

A.Rocketscience.B.Funinlearning.

C.Codinglanguage.D.Hands-onexperiences.

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)CampContent部分“ScienceandTechnologycampaboveall

emphasizesentertainmentwhileteachingstudentsabouthowwebsitesare

designed...（科技夏令營(yíng)首先強(qiáng)調(diào)娛樂(lè)性，同時(shí)教學(xué)生如何設(shè)計(jì)網(wǎng)站……）”可知，該夏令

營(yíng)主要強(qiáng)調(diào)寓教于樂(lè)。故選B。

23.Whoarethecampleaders?C

A.Mechanicalengineers.

B.Medicaldoctors.

C.Amarriedcouple.

D.Computertechnicians.

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Thecampisheadedbythehusband-and-wife

teamofDoctorsJamesandSophieClarkwhoareexpertsinthefieldsofcomputer

scienceandmechanicalengineering.（該夏令營(yíng)由JamesClark博士和SophieClark博

士夫婦領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，他們是計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)和機(jī)械工程領(lǐng)域的專(zhuān)家?！?可知，夏令營(yíng)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是一對(duì)夫

婦。故選C。

B

（2023?山東省煙臺(tái)市高二月考）

FromthetopofMountQomolangmatothebottomoftheMarianaTrench,plastic

continuestopollutetheenvironment,anditcreatesasignificantthreattoall

lifeformsonEarth.Despiteknowingtheeffectsofplasticpollution,wehavenot

beenabletobantheuseofplasticproducts.Now,thankstotheinventionofa

17-year-oIdgirl,Arora,wefinallyhaveabetterchoice.Thisplastic-likematerial

ismadefromprawnshells,anditbreaksdown1.5milliontimesfasterthanmost

ofthecommercialplasticproductsweusetoday.

TheAustralianteenfirstbecameawareoftheimpactofplasticwasteonthe

environmentwhenshoppingwithhermother.Shewonderedwhyhermotherhadtopay

fortheplasticbags.Whenasked,thecashierinformedherhowplastichurtsthe

planetandthattheadditionalchargewastheretoencouragepeoplenottouseit.This

inspiredAroratocreateakindofplasticthatwouldbreakdownfasterthanthe

conventionalone.

Butthejourneyofinventing^eco-friendlyplastic“wasnoteasy.She

experimentedwithanumberoforganicmaterialssuchascornflourandbananapeels,

bothofwhichhadtoberuledoutbecauseoftheirsolubility.Onenight,whilehaving

dinner,shenoticedthattheshellsofprawnslookplasticky.Sheimmediatelywent

tothelabtoresearch.Later,shewoulddescribethatdinnerasher“Eureka”

moment.

Sheextractedthematerialcalled“chitin“fromtheshellsandthenmixedit

withaninsolubleproteincalled“fibroin”,whichisfoundinsilkcocoons.Using

thecombinationofthesetwoorganicmaterials,Aroracreatedaplastic-like

materialthatbreaksdowncompletelywithinjust33days.Moreover,thisplastic

releasesnitrogenwhenbreakingdown,whichiswhyitcanbeusedasplantfertilizer.

Arora5sinventionhascausedastir,andshehaswonanumberofawards.Asan

inspiringyoungwoman,Arorawantstomakeadifferenceintheworld,andshewants

toencourageotheryoungpeopletofollowtheirpassionandmakeapositive

differencehowevertheycan.

語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了17歲的女孩Arora發(fā)明了一種比傳統(tǒng)

塑料分解更快的塑料，介紹了她發(fā)明這種塑料的經(jīng)過(guò)和她的發(fā)明所取得的成就。

24.WhatinspiredAroratocreateakindofspecialplastic?A

A.Acashier5swordsaboutpaidplasticbags.

B.Herdeterminationtoprotecttheprawns.

C.Aclassaboutplastic，simpactontheplanet.

D.Herplantosavemoneyonplasticproducts.

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中第三、四句（當(dāng)被詢(xún)問(wèn)時(shí)，收銀員告訴她塑料是如何

傷害地球的，額外收費(fèi)是為了鼓勵(lì)人們不要使用它。這啟發(fā)Arora發(fā)明了一種比傳統(tǒng)塑料分

解更快的塑料。）可知，是收銀員對(duì)收費(fèi)塑料袋的評(píng)價(jià)啟發(fā)Arora創(chuàng)造了一種特殊的塑料。

故選Ao

25.Whatcouldbea“Eureka“moment?C

A.Amomentofneedingreflection.

B.Amomentoffindingthetruth.

C.Amomentofhavingsuddeninspiration.

D.Amomentofenjoyingthecelebration.

角窣析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Onenight,whilehavingdinner,shenoticedthat

theshellsofprawnslookplasticky.Sheimmediatelywenttothelabtoresearch.Later,

shewoulddescribethatdinnerasher'Eureka'moment.（一天晚上，在吃晚飯的時(shí)

候，她注意到蝦殼看起來(lái)像塑料。她立即去實(shí)驗(yàn)室做研究。后來(lái)，她將那次晚餐描述為她的

‘頓悟’時(shí)刻。）”可推知，Arora在那次吃晚飯時(shí)從蝦殼中得到了靈感，創(chuàng)造出了這種分

解很快的塑料，所以“Eureka”的時(shí)刻是指突發(fā)靈感的瞬間。故選C。

26.WhatcanbeknownaboutthenewplasticinParagraph4?C

A.Itismadefromnon-organicmaterials.

B.Itcanbreakdowntotallyinamonth.

C.Itcanbeusedtohelpplantstogrow.

D.Itisextractedfromaninsolubleprotein.

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中最后一句（此外，這種塑料在分解時(shí)會(huì)釋放出氮，這

就是為什么它可以用作植物肥料。）可知，第四段中的新型塑料可以用來(lái)幫助植物生長(zhǎng)。故

選Co

27.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeArora?B

A.Braveandclever.

B.Creativeandinspiring.

C.Activeandconsiderate.

D.Humorousandfriendly.

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中第二句（Arora將這兩種有機(jī)材料結(jié)合起來(lái)，創(chuàng)

造了一種類(lèi)似塑料的材料，這種材料在短短33天內(nèi)就能完全分解。）以及最后一段中第二句

（作為一名鼓舞人心的年輕女性，Arora想要改變世界，她希望鼓勵(lì)其他年輕人追隨自己的

激情，盡其所能做出積極的改變。）可推知，Arora創(chuàng)造出了分解更快的塑料，且鼓勵(lì)其他

年輕人，所以她是個(gè)有創(chuàng)造性和啟發(fā)性的人。故選B。

C

（2023?江蘇省南京市六校聯(lián)合體高二聯(lián)合調(diào)研）

FelixRuppertandAlexanderBadri-SprowitzattheMaxPlanckInstitutefor

IntelligentSystemsinStuttgart,Germany,designedahalf-metre-highrobotcalled

Mortiandgaveitthecapacitytoteachitselfhowtowalk,ratherthantoperform

apre-programmedstep.Thefour-leggedrobottookonlyanhourtolearnhowtowalk

steadily,roughlythesameamountoftimeasnewbornhorsesneed.Andit'sthefirst

timethatamachinelearningtechniquehasbeensosuccessfullyappliedto

four-leggedrobots.

Mortiiscontrolledbyanartificialintelligence（AI）algorithm（算法）that

doesn，thavemuchinformationabouttherobot，slegs,suchastheexactshapeof

eachelement."TheAI,workinglikethecentralnervoussystem,giveswalking

instructionsforMortitofollow.Itthenadjuststhemonthebasisofreadingsfrom

footsentencesthatsignalwhentherobotfallsandlosescontactwiththe

ground.Initially,Mortifallsdown,butafteraboutanhourtheAIfindsthebest

waytomakeitwalk,“saidRuppert.

BecausetheAIlearnsratherthancalculatingdetailsofeachleg'smovement

inadvance,whichcanusealotofenergy,Mortiwalksusing42percentlessenergy

thanwhenitfirststartsattheendofanhour-longlearningprocess.Morti，sprocess

copiesthewaybabyanimalslearntomove,astheyalsofindthemostefficientway

tousetheirmusclesbytryingandinitiallytripping.

DhireeshaKudithipudiattheUniversityofTexasatSanAntoniosaidthatAI

robotscanoftenlearnaspecifictaskverywellbutcan，tmakereadjustmentswhen

theenvironmentchangesandthatMorti'sdesign,whichreliesoncontinually

adjustingtherobot，smovement,mayperformbetterinthatregard.Ruppertsaidhe

andtheteamareworkingonaddingmoresensorsandrangeofmotiontoMortiina

gesturetomakeitamoreanimal-likerobot.

語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一款可以像剛出生的馬一樣只用一小時(shí)

就學(xué)會(huì)走路的四條腿的機(jī)器人。

28.WhatisspecialaboutMorti?B

A.Itispre-programmedtowalk.

B.Itcanlearntowalkbyitself.

C.Itisthefirstfour-leggedrobot.

D.Itcanhelpteachthenewborns.

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句（德國(guó)斯圖加特馬克斯普朗克智能系統(tǒng)研究

所的費(fèi)利克斯?魯珀特和亞歷山大?巴德里?斯普羅維茨設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)半米高叫做的Morti

機(jī)器人，并讓它擁有能夠教它自己走路的能力，而不是執(zhí)行預(yù)編程的步驟。）可知，Morti

的特殊之處在于它可以教會(huì)自己走路，即自學(xué)走路。故選B。

29.WhichaspectofMortiisstressedinParagraph2?C

A.Itsbodystructure.

B.Itsdesignconcept.

C.Itslearningprocess.

D.Itsworkingconditions.

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的關(guān)鍵詞giveswalkinginstructionsforMorti

tofollow>footsentences、fallsdown>makeitwalk等可知，本段強(qiáng)調(diào)的是Morti

學(xué)習(xí)走路的過(guò)程。故選C。

30.HowdoestheAl'slearningabilitybenefitMorti?C

A.BypredictingMorti'slegmovement.

B.BytrainingMorti'smusclestothebest.

C.ByloweringMorti'senergyconsumption.

D.BystrengtheningMorti，sbondwithothers.

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句（因?yàn)槿斯ぶ悄軐W(xué)習(xí)而不是預(yù)先計(jì)算每個(gè)腿

部運(yùn)動(dòng)的細(xì)節(jié)（這可能會(huì)消耗大量的能量），Morti在一個(gè)小時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程結(jié)束后，比剛開(kāi)始

走路時(shí)少用了42%的能量。）可知，人工智能的學(xué)習(xí)能力減少了Morti的能量消耗。故選C。

31.WhatisDhireeshaKudithipudi，sattitudetowardsMorti?D

A.Doubtful.B.Cautious.

C.Subjective.D.Favorable.

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句（DhireeshaKudithipudi表示，人工智

能機(jī)器人通?？梢院芎玫貙W(xué)習(xí)一項(xiàng)特定任務(wù)，但無(wú)法在環(huán)境變化時(shí)重新調(diào)整，Morti的設(shè)計(jì)

依賴(lài)于不斷調(diào)整機(jī)器人的運(yùn)動(dòng)，因此它在這方面可能會(huì)表現(xiàn)得更好。）可知，Dhireesha

Kudithipudi對(duì)Morti應(yīng)是持肯定的態(tài)度的，是支持的。故選D。

D

（2023?東北育才學(xué)校高二月考）

People'sabilitytorememberfadeswithage一butoneday,researchersmightbe

abletouseasimple,drug-freemethodtobuckthistrend.

Inastudypublishedon22AugustinNatureNeuroscience,RobertReinhart,a

cognitiveneuroscientistatBostonUniversityinMassachusetts,andhiscolleagues

demonstratethatzapping（刺激）thebrainsofadultsagedover65withweakelectrical

currentsrepeatedlyoverseveraldaysledtomemoryimprovementsthatpersistedfor

uptoamonth.

Usinganon-invasivemethodofstimulatingthebrainknownastranscranial

alternatingcurrentstimulation（TAGS）,whichdeliverselectricalcurrentsthrough

electrodesonthesurfaceofthescalp,Reinhart，steamconductedaseriesof

experimentson150peopleagedbetween65and88.Participantscarriedoutamemory

taskinwhichtheywereaskedtorecalllistsof20wordsthatwerereadaloudby

anexperimenter.TheparticipantsunderwentTAGSfortheentiredurationofthetask,

whichtook20minutes.

Afterfourcontinuousdaysofthisprotocol,participantswhoreceived

high-frequencystimulationofthedorsolateralprefrontalcortex（背夕卜側(cè)前額葉皮

質(zhì)）hadanimprovedabilitytorememberwordsfromthebeginningofthelists,a

taskthatdependsonlong-termmemory.Low-frequencyzapstotheinferiorparietal

lobe（頂下小葉）enhancedparticipants5recallofitemslaterinthelists,which

involvesworking5memory一thememorythatallowsthebraintostoreinformation

temporarily.Participants'memoryperformanceimprovedoverthefourdays一andthe

gainspersistedevenamonthlater.Thosewhohadthelowestlevelsofgeneral

cognitivefunctionbeforethestudyexperiencedthelargestmemoryimprovements.

“Iwasbothimpressedandsurprisedbythis,bythispaper,“saysSimon

Hanslmayr,acognitiveneuroscientistattheUniversityofGlasgow,UK.Henotesthat

alongwithotherscientists,hehasbeenscepticalaboutwhetherTAGScanleadto

meaningfulchangesincognition.OneissuehasbeenthatTAGSdevicesgenerate

electricalcurrentsmuchweakerthanthosecreatedbyothermethodsofstimulating

thebrain,soithasn'talwaysbeenclearwhethertheycantransmitenough

electricitytothebraintomodifyitsfunction.However,theauthorsofthisstudy

convincinglyshowedthattheirprotocolwaslinkedto“consistentandquitestrong

improvementsinmemory”,Hans1mayrsays.

語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)用弱電流反復(fù)刺激成年人的大腦，可以使

記憶改善持續(xù)長(zhǎng)達(dá)一個(gè)月。

32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“buck”meaninParagraph1?D

A.Operate.B.Destroy.

C.Follow.D.Resist.

解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“People'sabilitytorememberfadeswith

age（人的記憶力會(huì)隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而衰退）”和句中的轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but以及畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞后面的this

trend可知，研究人員找到的辦法應(yīng)該是能夠抵制人的記憶力隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而衰退的趨

勢(shì)。故選D。

33.Whatcanwelearnabouttheexperiments?C

A.Theexperimentsinvolvedpeopleagedover65andyoungstudentswithgood

memory.

B.Participantswererequiredtorecalllistsof20wordswhentheyreadthe

wordsaloud.

C.Stimulatingtheinferiorparietallobewithlow-frequencyboostedthe

short-termmemory.

D.High-frequencystimulationofthedorsolateralprefrontalcorteximproved

'working'memory.

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中uLow-frequencyzapstotheinferiorparietal

lobe（頂下小葉）enhancedparticipants5recallofitemslaterinthelists,which

involves'working'memory一thememorythatallowsthebraintostoreinformation

temporarily.（頂下小葉的低頻電擊增強(qiáng)了參與者對(duì)列表中后面的項(xiàng)目的回憶，這涉及到

'工作'記憶一一允許大腦臨時(shí)存儲(chǔ)信息的記憶?！?可知，低頻刺激頂葉對(duì)短時(shí)記憶有促

進(jìn)作用。故選C。

34.WhyhasSimonHans1mayrbeenscepticalaboutTAGS?A

A.TheelectricitysentbyTAGSisnotsufficienttoguaranteemeaningfulchanges

incognition.

B.Thepeoplewhohavepoorcognitivefunctionexperiencedtheleastmemory

improvements.

C.TAGSdevicesgenerateelectricalcurrentsasweakasthosecreatedbyother

methods.

D.TACSdevicescannotensureconsistentandquitestrongimprovementsinmemory.

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中第二、三句（他指出，和其他科學(xué)家一樣，他一直

懷疑TACS是否能導(dǎo)致認(rèn)知的有意義的改變。一個(gè)問(wèn)題是，TACS設(shè)備產(chǎn)生的電流比其他刺

激大腦的方法產(chǎn)生的電流弱得多，所以一直不清楚它們是否能向大腦傳輸足夠的電流來(lái)改變

大腦的功能。）可知，SimonHanslmayr懷疑TACS是因?yàn)門(mén)ACS發(fā)出的電流不足以保證認(rèn)知

發(fā)生有意義的變化。故選A。

35.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?C

A.TACScanleadtomeaningfulchangesincognition.

B.TACScanhelppeoplewithconditionssuchasAlzheimer，sdisease.

C.Brainstimulationleadstolong-lastingimprovementsinmemory.

D.Brainstimulationbenefitsthosewithpoorcognitivefunctionmost.

解析：主旨大意題。這篇文章的主要內(nèi)容是研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)用弱電流反復(fù)刺激成年人的大

腦，可以使記憶改善持續(xù)長(zhǎng)達(dá)一個(gè)月。故選C。

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分12.5分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多

余選項(xiàng)。

（2023?湖南省湖南某中學(xué)高二階段測(cè)試）

Currently,ChatGPTisanexcitingnewAItechnologythathasthepotentialto

revolutionizethewayhumansinteractwithmachines.36.CChatGPTcanbea

beneficialtoolforeveryone,especiallyformanystudentsinthefollowingways.

Conciselyrephraselengthyarticlesandessaystomakethemeasierto

read.Studentsarefrequentlyunabletodelve（探究）deeplyintoconcepts,essays,

orarticlestobuildfullunderstandinginacademicsettingsduetoacademicpressure

anddemandingandbusystudyschedules,especiallywithdeadlinesforreadinglong

publications.37.EStudentscanutilizeChatGPTtosummarizearticles,

researchpapers,andevenessaystogetthemainideasofthematerialinabrief

summary.

38.ATosupportstudentseffectively,ChatGPTcanbe