國(guó)外安寧療護(hù)質(zhì)量評(píng)估的研究進(jìn)展

國(guó)外安寧療護(hù)質(zhì)量評(píng)估的研究進(jìn)展一、本文概述Overviewofthisarticle隨著醫(yī)療技術(shù)的不斷進(jìn)步和生命科學(xué)的深入發(fā)展，人們對(duì)于生命末期關(guān)懷的需求日益增加。安寧療護(hù)（PalliativeCare）作為一種關(guān)注患者生活質(zhì)量、尊重患者意愿和尊嚴(yán)的醫(yī)療服務(wù)模式，已在全球范圍內(nèi)得到廣泛的關(guān)注和應(yīng)用。本文旨在探討國(guó)外安寧療護(hù)質(zhì)量評(píng)估的研究進(jìn)展，以期為提升我國(guó)安寧療護(hù)服務(wù)質(zhì)量提供參考和借鑒。Withthecontinuousprogressofmedicaltechnologyandthedeepeningdevelopmentoflifesciences,people'sdemandforend-of-lifecareisincreasingdaybyday.Palliativecare,asamedicalservicemodelthatfocusesonthequalityoflifeofpatients,respectstheirwishesanddignity,hasreceivedwidespreadattentionandapplicationworldwide.Thisarticleaimstoexploretheresearchprogressofqualityassessmentofhospicecareabroad,inordertoprovidereferenceandinspirationforimprovingthequalityofhospicecareservicesinChina.本文首先對(duì)安寧療護(hù)的定義、目標(biāo)和原則進(jìn)行闡述，明確其在醫(yī)療服務(wù)體系中的地位和作用。接著，綜述國(guó)外在安寧療護(hù)質(zhì)量評(píng)估方面的主要研究成果，包括評(píng)估指標(biāo)體系、評(píng)估方法、評(píng)估工具以及評(píng)估實(shí)踐等方面的內(nèi)容。通過(guò)對(duì)比分析不同國(guó)家和地區(qū)的研究現(xiàn)狀，揭示國(guó)外安寧療護(hù)質(zhì)量評(píng)估的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)和存在問(wèn)題。Thisarticlefirstelaboratesonthedefinition,goals,andprinciplesofhospicecare,clarifyingitspositionandroleinthemedicalservicesystem.Next,themainresearchachievementsinthequalityevaluationofhospicecareinforeigncountriesaresummarized,includingtheevaluationindexsystem,evaluationmethods,evaluationtools,andevaluationpractices.Bycomparingandanalyzingtheresearchstatusofdifferentcountriesandregions,thisstudyrevealsthedevelopmenttrendandexistingproblemsofqualityassessmentofhospicecareabroad.在此基礎(chǔ)上，本文進(jìn)一步探討國(guó)外安寧療護(hù)質(zhì)量評(píng)估對(duì)我國(guó)的啟示和借鑒。結(jié)合我國(guó)安寧療護(hù)服務(wù)的實(shí)際情況，提出完善我國(guó)安寧療護(hù)質(zhì)量評(píng)估體系的建議，以期為我國(guó)安寧療護(hù)服務(wù)的規(guī)范化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化和高質(zhì)量發(fā)展提供有力支持。Onthisbasis,thisarticlefurtherexplorestheinspirationandreferenceofqualityassessmentofhospicecareinforeigncountriesforChina.BasedontheactualsituationofhospicecareservicesinChina,suggestionsareproposedtoimprovethequalityevaluationsystemofhospicecare,inordertoprovidestrongsupportforthestandardization,standardization,andhigh-qualitydevelopmentofhospicecareservicesinChina.本文總結(jié)國(guó)外安寧療護(hù)質(zhì)量評(píng)估的研究成果和經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)，展望未來(lái)的研究方向和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，為國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者在該領(lǐng)域的研究提供參考和借鑒。Thisarticlesummarizestheresearchachievementsandlessonslearnedinthequalityassessmentofhospicecareabroad,looksforwardtofutureresearchdirectionsanddevelopmenttrends,andprovidesreferenceandinspirationfordomesticandforeignscholarsinthisfieldofresearch.二、國(guó)外安寧療護(hù)質(zhì)量評(píng)估的理論框架TheoreticalFrameworkforQualityAssessmentofPalliativeCareAbroad隨著安寧療護(hù)理念和實(shí)踐的不斷發(fā)展，其質(zhì)量評(píng)估也受到了廣泛關(guān)注。在國(guó)外，安寧療護(hù)質(zhì)量評(píng)估已經(jīng)形成了較為完善的理論框架，為評(píng)估實(shí)踐提供了指導(dǎo)和依據(jù)。Withthecontinuousdevelopmentoftheconceptandpracticeofpalliativecare,itsqualityevaluationhasalsoreceivedwidespreadattention.Inforeigncountries,thequalityassessmentofhospicecarehasformedarelativelycompletetheoreticalframework,providingguidanceandbasisforevaluationpractice.國(guó)外安寧療護(hù)質(zhì)量評(píng)估的理論框架多基于人文關(guān)懷、尊重生命、提高生活質(zhì)量等核心理念。這些理念貫穿于整個(gè)評(píng)估過(guò)程中，確保評(píng)估結(jié)果能夠真實(shí)反映患者的需求和滿意度。Thetheoreticalframeworkforevaluatingthequalityofhospicecareabroadismostlybasedoncoreconceptssuchashumanisticcare,respectforlife,andimprovingqualityoflife.Theseconceptsrunthroughtheentireevaluationprocess,ensuringthattheevaluationresultscantrulyreflectthepatient'sneedsandsatisfaction.在評(píng)估方法上，國(guó)外學(xué)者提出了多種評(píng)估工具和模型。例如，等（）開(kāi)發(fā)了針對(duì)安寧療護(hù)的“”評(píng)估工具，該工具包括個(gè)維度，如疼痛管理、心理支持、社會(huì)支持等，每個(gè)維度下又細(xì)分了多個(gè)條目，用于全面評(píng)估患者的安寧療護(hù)質(zhì)量。等（）提出了“”模型，該模型從患者、家庭、醫(yī)護(hù)人員、機(jī)構(gòu)等多個(gè)層面出發(fā)，構(gòu)建了一個(gè)綜合性的評(píng)估框架。Intermsofevaluationmethods,foreignscholarshaveproposedvariousevaluationtoolsandmodels.Forexample,()hasdevelopedanevaluationtoolforpalliativecare,whichincludesdimensionssuchaspainmanagement,psychologicalsupport,socialsupport,etc.Eachdimensionisfurthersubdividedintomultipleitemstocomprehensivelyevaluatethequalityofpalliativecareforpatients.The""modelwasproposedby(),whichconstructsacomprehensiveevaluationframeworkfrommultiplelevelssuchaspatients,families,healthcareworkers,andinstitutions.在評(píng)估過(guò)程中，國(guó)外學(xué)者還注重?cái)?shù)據(jù)的收集和分析方法。他們通常采用問(wèn)卷調(diào)查、訪談、觀察等多種方法收集數(shù)據(jù)，并運(yùn)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析，以得出客觀、科學(xué)的評(píng)估結(jié)果。Duringtheevaluationprocess,foreignscholarsalsofocusondatacollectionandanalysismethods.Theyusuallycollectdatathroughvariousmethodssuchasquestionnairesurveys,interviews,andobservations,andusestatisticalmethodstoanalyzethedatainordertoobtainobjectiveandscientificevaluationresults.在評(píng)估結(jié)果的應(yīng)用上，國(guó)外學(xué)者強(qiáng)調(diào)評(píng)估結(jié)果應(yīng)作為改進(jìn)安寧療護(hù)質(zhì)量的重要依據(jù)。他們通過(guò)定期評(píng)估，及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題和不足，并制定相應(yīng)的改進(jìn)措施，以提升安寧療護(hù)的整體水平。評(píng)估結(jié)果也可用于政策制定和資源配置等方面，為政府決策提供參考依據(jù)。Intheapplicationofevaluationresults,foreignscholarsemphasizethatevaluationresultsshouldbeanimportantbasisforimprovingthequalityofhospicecare.Theyconductregularevaluationstopromptlyidentifyissuesanddeficiencies,anddevelopcorrespondingimprovementmeasurestoenhancetheoveralllevelofhospicecare.Theevaluationresultscanalsobeusedforpolicyformulationandresourceallocation,providingreferencebasisforgovernmentdecision-making.國(guó)外安寧療護(hù)質(zhì)量評(píng)估的理論框架已經(jīng)相對(duì)成熟和完善，為評(píng)估實(shí)踐提供了有力的指導(dǎo)和支持。未來(lái)，隨著安寧療護(hù)的不斷發(fā)展，其質(zhì)量評(píng)估也將不斷完善和優(yōu)化，以更好地滿足患者的需求和期望。Thetheoreticalframeworkforevaluatingthequalityofhospicecareabroadhasbecomerelativelymatureandcomplete,providingstrongguidanceandsupportforevaluationpractice.Inthefuture,withthecontinuousdevelopmentofhospicecare,itsqualityevaluationwillalsobecontinuouslyimprovedandoptimizedtobettermeettheneedsandexpectationsofpatients.三、國(guó)外安寧療護(hù)質(zhì)量評(píng)估的實(shí)踐方法Practicalmethodsforevaluatingthequalityofhospicecareabroad在國(guó)外，安寧療護(hù)質(zhì)量評(píng)估的實(shí)踐方法已經(jīng)得到了廣泛的發(fā)展和應(yīng)用。這些實(shí)踐方法主要包括質(zhì)量指標(biāo)體系的建立、定期的質(zhì)量評(píng)估和審計(jì)、患者滿意度調(diào)查以及持續(xù)質(zhì)量改進(jìn)等方面。Thepracticalmethodsforevaluatingthequalityofhospicecarehavebeenwidelydevelopedandappliedabroad.Thesepracticalmethodsmainlyincludetheestablishmentofqualityindicatorsystems,regularqualityassessmentsandaudits,patientsatisfactionsurveys,andcontinuousqualityimprovement.質(zhì)量指標(biāo)體系的建立：國(guó)外許多國(guó)家和地區(qū)都建立了完善的安寧療護(hù)質(zhì)量指標(biāo)體系，這些指標(biāo)體系涵蓋了患者疼痛管理、癥狀控制、生活質(zhì)量、心理支持、家屬滿意度等多個(gè)方面。通過(guò)收集和分析這些數(shù)據(jù)，可以全面評(píng)估安寧療護(hù)的質(zhì)量，并為改進(jìn)服務(wù)提供依據(jù)。Theestablishmentofqualityindicatorsystem:Manycountriesandregionsabroadhaveestablishedcomprehensivequalityindicatorsystemsforpalliativecare,whichcovermultipleaspectssuchaspatientpainmanagement,symptomcontrol,qualityoflife,psychologicalsupport,andfamilysatisfaction.Bycollectingandanalyzingthisdata,thequalityofhospicecarecanbecomprehensivelyevaluatedandabasiscanbeprovidedforimprovingservices.定期的質(zhì)量評(píng)估和審計(jì)：為了確保安寧療護(hù)的質(zhì)量，國(guó)外許多機(jī)構(gòu)都會(huì)定期進(jìn)行質(zhì)量評(píng)估和審計(jì)。這些評(píng)估和審計(jì)通常由專(zhuān)業(yè)的第三方機(jī)構(gòu)或政府部門(mén)進(jìn)行，以確保評(píng)估的公正性和客觀性。通過(guò)評(píng)估和審計(jì)，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)服務(wù)中存在的問(wèn)題和不足，并及時(shí)進(jìn)行改進(jìn)。Regularqualityassessmentandaudit:Inordertoensurethequalityofhospicecare,manyforeigninstitutionsconductregularqualityassessmentsandaudits.Theseevaluationsandauditsareusuallyconductedbyprofessionalthird-partyorganizationsorgovernmentdepartmentstoensurethefairnessandobjectivityoftheevaluations.Throughevaluationandauditing,problemsanddeficienciesintheservicecanbeidentifiedandimprovedinatimelymanner.患者滿意度調(diào)查：患者滿意度是衡量安寧療護(hù)質(zhì)量的重要指標(biāo)之一。國(guó)外許多機(jī)構(gòu)都會(huì)定期進(jìn)行患者滿意度調(diào)查，以了解患者對(duì)服務(wù)的評(píng)價(jià)和建議。這些調(diào)查結(jié)果可以為改進(jìn)服務(wù)提供依據(jù)，并增強(qiáng)患者對(duì)安寧療護(hù)的信任和滿意度。Patientsatisfactionsurvey:Patientsatisfactionisoneoftheimportantindicatorsformeasuringthequalityofhospicecare.Manyforeigninstitutionsregularlyconductpatientsatisfactionsurveystounderstandpatientevaluationsandrecommendationsforservices.Thesesurveyresultscanprovideabasisforimprovingservicesandenhancingpatienttrustandsatisfactionwithpalliativecare.持續(xù)質(zhì)量改進(jìn)：國(guó)外許多機(jī)構(gòu)都注重持續(xù)質(zhì)量改進(jìn)，通過(guò)不斷地收集和分析數(shù)據(jù)，發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題并采取相應(yīng)的改進(jìn)措施，以提高安寧療護(hù)的質(zhì)量。這些改進(jìn)措施可能包括優(yōu)化服務(wù)流程、提高醫(yī)護(hù)人員的專(zhuān)業(yè)技能和服務(wù)態(tài)度、加強(qiáng)患者和家屬的溝通等。Continuousqualityimprovement:Manyforeigninstitutionsfocusoncontinuousqualityimprovementbycontinuouslycollectingandanalyzingdata,identifyingproblems,andtakingcorrespondingimprovementmeasurestoimprovethequalityofhospicecare.Theseimprovementmeasuresmayincludeoptimizingserviceprocesses,enhancingtheprofessionalskillsandserviceattitudeofmedicalstaff,andstrengtheningcommunicationbetweenpatientsandtheirfamilies.國(guó)外在安寧療護(hù)質(zhì)量評(píng)估的實(shí)踐方法方面已經(jīng)積累了豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。這些實(shí)踐方法不僅有助于全面評(píng)估安寧療護(hù)的質(zhì)量，還為改進(jìn)服務(wù)提供了重要的依據(jù)和動(dòng)力。對(duì)于我國(guó)來(lái)說(shuō)，借鑒和學(xué)習(xí)這些經(jīng)驗(yàn)和方法，有助于提高我國(guó)安寧療護(hù)的質(zhì)量水平。Foreigncountrieshaveaccumulatedrichexperienceinthepracticalmethodsofevaluatingthequalityofhospicecare.Thesepracticalmethodsnotonlyhelptocomprehensivelyevaluatethequalityofhospicecare,butalsoprovideimportantbasisandmotivationforimprovingservices.Forourcountry,borrowingandlearningfromtheseexperiencesandmethodscanhelpimprovethequalitylevelofhospicecareinourcountry.四、國(guó)外安寧療護(hù)質(zhì)量評(píng)估的結(jié)果分析AnalysisoftheResultsofQualityAssessmentofPalliativeCareAbroad隨著全球范圍內(nèi)對(duì)安寧療護(hù)的關(guān)注日益加深，其質(zhì)量評(píng)估的研究成果也日益豐富。在深入研究國(guó)外安寧療護(hù)質(zhì)量評(píng)估的過(guò)程中，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了多個(gè)關(guān)鍵的質(zhì)量指標(biāo)和評(píng)估方法，這些方法和指標(biāo)不僅有助于了解安寧療護(hù)服務(wù)的現(xiàn)狀，還可以為改進(jìn)和提升服務(wù)質(zhì)量提供重要依據(jù)。Withtheincreasingglobalattentiontopalliativecare,researchresultsonitsqualityassessmentarealsobecomingincreasinglyabundant.Intheprocessofconductingin-depthresearchonthequalityevaluationofhospicecareabroad,wehavediscoveredmultiplekeyqualityindicatorsandevaluationmethods.Thesemethodsandindicatorsnotonlyhelptounderstandthecurrentsituationofhospicecareservices,butalsoprovideimportantbasisforimprovingandenhancingservicequality.從國(guó)外的研究來(lái)看，安寧療護(hù)的質(zhì)量評(píng)估主要關(guān)注患者的疼痛管理、癥狀控制、生活質(zhì)量和心理支持等方面。通過(guò)定量和定性的評(píng)估方法，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，盡管安寧療護(hù)服務(wù)在減輕患者痛苦、提高生活質(zhì)量方面取得了顯著成效，但在心理支持、信息溝通等方面仍存在不足。Fromforeignresearch,thequalityevaluationofpalliativecaremainlyfocusesonpatientpainmanagement,symptomcontrol,qualityoflife,andpsychologicalsupport.Throughquantitativeandqualitativeevaluationmethods,researchershavefoundthatalthoughpalliativecareserviceshaveachievedsignificantresultsinreducingpatientpainandimprovingqualityoflife,therearestillshortcomingsinpsychologicalsupport,informationcommunication,andotheraspects.在評(píng)估方法的選擇上，國(guó)外研究者傾向于采用多維度、多層次的評(píng)估工具，如患者滿意度調(diào)查、生活質(zhì)量量表、癥狀評(píng)估工具等。這些工具不僅可以全面、客觀地評(píng)估安寧療護(hù)的質(zhì)量，還可以根據(jù)患者的具體情況進(jìn)行個(gè)性化評(píng)估。Intheselectionofevaluationmethods,foreignresearcherstendtousemultidimensionalandmulti-levelevaluationtools,suchaspatientsatisfactionsurveys,qualityoflifescales,symptomassessmenttools,etc.Thesetoolscannotonlycomprehensivelyandobjectivelyevaluatethequalityofhospicecare,butalsoprovidepersonalizedevaluationsbasedonthespecificsituationofpatients.國(guó)外的研究還注重分析影響安寧療護(hù)質(zhì)量的因素，如醫(yī)療資源的配置、醫(yī)護(hù)人員的專(zhuān)業(yè)素質(zhì)、服務(wù)流程的設(shè)計(jì)等。通過(guò)深入分析這些因素，研究者提出了針對(duì)性的改進(jìn)建議，為提高安寧療護(hù)的整體質(zhì)量提供了有力支持。Foreignresearchalsofocusesonanalyzingthefactorsthataffectthequalityofhospicecare,suchastheallocationofmedicalresources,theprofessionalqualityofmedicalstaff,andthedesignofserviceprocesses.Throughin-depthanalysisofthesefactors,researchershaveproposedtargetedimprovementsuggestions,providingstrongsupportforimprovingtheoverallqualityofhospicecare.國(guó)外安寧療護(hù)質(zhì)量評(píng)估的研究已經(jīng)取得了一定的成果，但仍需不斷探索和完善。未來(lái)，我們可以借鑒國(guó)外的研究成果和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，結(jié)合我國(guó)的實(shí)際情況，構(gòu)建符合國(guó)情的安寧療護(hù)質(zhì)量評(píng)估體系，為患者提供更加優(yōu)質(zhì)、人性化的服務(wù)。Theresearchonqualityassessmentofhospicecareabroadhasachievedcertainresults,butitstillneedstobecontinuouslyexploredandimproved.Inthefuture,wecandrawonforeignresearchachievementsandexperiences,combinedwiththeactualsituationinChina,tobuildaqualityevaluationsystemforhospicecarethatisinlinewiththenationalconditions,andprovidepatientswithhigherqualityandhumanizedservices.五、國(guó)外安寧療護(hù)質(zhì)量評(píng)估的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)與挑戰(zhàn)TheDevelopmentTrendsandChallengesofQualityAssessmentofPalliativeCareAbroad隨著全球健康理念的轉(zhuǎn)變和醫(yī)療服務(wù)模式的升級(jí)，國(guó)外安寧療護(hù)質(zhì)量評(píng)估的研究與實(shí)踐呈現(xiàn)出明顯的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，同時(shí)也面臨著諸多挑戰(zhàn)。Withthetransformationofglobalhealthconceptsandtheupgradingofmedicalservicemodels,researchandpracticeonqualityassessmentofhospicecareabroadhaveshownacleardevelopmenttrend,butalsofacemanychallenges.綜合化評(píng)估體系：未來(lái)，安寧療護(hù)的質(zhì)量評(píng)估將更加注重綜合化、多維度的評(píng)估體系，不僅關(guān)注患者的生理癥狀控制，還將心理健康、社會(huì)支持、生活質(zhì)量等方面納入評(píng)估范圍。Comprehensiveevaluationsystem:Inthefuture,thequalityevaluationofhospicecarewillpaymoreattentiontoacomprehensiveandmulti-dimensionalevaluationsystem,notonlyfocusingonthecontrolofpatients'physiologicalsymptoms,butalsoincorporatingaspectssuchasmentalhealth,socialsupport,andqualityoflifeintotheevaluationscope.科技驅(qū)動(dòng)：隨著醫(yī)療技術(shù)的不斷進(jìn)步，尤其是大數(shù)據(jù)、人工智能等技術(shù)在安寧療護(hù)領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用，將極大提升質(zhì)量評(píng)估的精準(zhǔn)度和效率。Technologydriven:Withthecontinuousprogressofmedicaltechnology,especiallytheapplicationofbigdata,artificialintelligenceandothertechnologiesinthefieldofhospicecare,theaccuracyandefficiencyofqualityassessmentwillbegreatlyimproved.個(gè)性化評(píng)估策略：針對(duì)不同患者群體的特殊需求，制定個(gè)性化的評(píng)估策略，以更加精準(zhǔn)地反映患者的實(shí)際狀況和需求。Personalizedevaluationstrategy:Basedonthespecialneedsofdifferentpatientgroups,developpersonalizedevaluationstrategiestomoreaccuratelyreflecttheactualsituationandneedsofpatients.國(guó)際合作與交流：隨著全球老齡化問(wèn)題的加劇，各國(guó)在安寧療護(hù)領(lǐng)域的合作與交流將更加緊密，共同推動(dòng)質(zhì)量評(píng)估標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的統(tǒng)一與完善。Internationalcooperationandexchange:Withtheintensificationofglobalagingissues,cooperationandexchangeamongcountriesinthefieldofpalliativecarewillbecomecloser,jointlypromotingtheunityandimprovementofqualityassessmentstandards.文化差異：不同國(guó)家和地區(qū)的文化、價(jià)值觀差異可能對(duì)安寧療護(hù)的質(zhì)量評(píng)估產(chǎn)生影響，如何制定既符合國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)又兼顧文化特色的評(píng)估體系是一大挑戰(zhàn)。Culturaldifferences:Culturalandvaluedifferencesindifferentcountriesandregionsmayhaveanimpactonthequalityevaluationofhospicecare.Developinganevaluationsystemthatmeetsinternationalstandardswhilealsotakingintoaccountculturalcharacteristicsisamajorchallenge.資源限制：安寧療護(hù)服務(wù)的普及與推廣受限于醫(yī)療資源、經(jīng)濟(jì)投入等因素，如何在有限資源下實(shí)現(xiàn)高質(zhì)量的評(píng)估服務(wù)是一大難題。Resourcelimitations:Thepopularizationandpromotionofhospicecareservicesarelimitedbyfactorssuchasmedicalresourcesandeconomicinvestment.Howtoachievehigh-qualityevaluationserviceswithinlimitedresourcesisamajorchallenge.倫理與法律問(wèn)題：涉及患者隱私、自主權(quán)等倫理和法律問(wèn)題在安寧療護(hù)質(zhì)量評(píng)估中不可忽視，如何在評(píng)估過(guò)程中保障患者的權(quán)益是一大挑戰(zhàn)。Ethicalandlegalissues:Ethicalandlegalissuesrelatedtopatientprivacyandautonomycannotbeignoredinthequalityevaluationofhospicecare.Howtoprotecttherightsandinterestsofpatientsintheevaluationprocessisamajorchallenge.技術(shù)更新與培訓(xùn)：隨著科技在安寧療護(hù)領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用不斷加深，如何確保醫(yī)護(hù)人員和相關(guān)人員能夠跟上技術(shù)更新的步伐，掌握新的評(píng)估技能，也是一大挑戰(zhàn)。Technologyupdatesandtraining:Withthedeepeningapplicationoftechnologyinthefieldofpalliativecare,ensuringthatmedicalstaffandrelatedpersonnelcankeepupwiththepaceoftechnologicalupdatesandmasternewassessmentskillsisalsoamajorchallenge.面對(duì)這些發(fā)展趨勢(shì)和挑戰(zhàn)，國(guó)外安寧療護(hù)質(zhì)量評(píng)估的研究與實(shí)踐需要不斷創(chuàng)新和完善，以適應(yīng)不斷變化的醫(yī)療環(huán)境和患者需求。Inthefaceofthesedevelopmenttrendsandchallenges,theresearchandpracticeofqualityassessmentofhospicecareabroadneedtobeconstantlyinnovatedandimprovedtoadapttotheconstantlychangingmedicalenvironmentandpatientneeds.六、結(jié)論與啟示Conclusionandinspiration隨著醫(yī)療技術(shù)的不斷進(jìn)步，人們對(duì)于生命末期護(hù)理的需求和期望也日益增長(zhǎng)。安寧療護(hù)作為一種關(guān)注患者生活質(zhì)量、尊重生命尊嚴(yán)的醫(yī)療服務(wù)模式，在國(guó)際上得到了廣泛的關(guān)注和研究。本文綜述了國(guó)外安寧療護(hù)質(zhì)量評(píng)估的研究進(jìn)展，旨在為我國(guó)的安寧療護(hù)發(fā)展提供借鑒和啟示。Withthecontinuousadvancementofmedicaltechnology,people'sdemandandexpectationsforend-of-lifecarearealsoincreasing.Asamedicalservicemodelthatfocusesonthequalityoflifeofpatientsandrespectsthedignityoflife,hospicecarehasreceivedwidespreadattentionandresearchinternationally.Thisarticlereviewstheresearchprogressofqualityassessmentofpalliativecareabroad,aimingtoprovidereferenceandinspirationforthedevelopmentofpalliativecareinChina.結(jié)論方面，國(guó)外在安寧療護(hù)質(zhì)量評(píng)估方面已經(jīng)形成了較為完善的理論體系和評(píng)估工具。這些研究不僅關(guān)注患者的生理癥狀控制，還重視患者的心理、社會(huì)和靈性需求。同時(shí)，國(guó)外的研究也強(qiáng)調(diào)了多學(xué)科團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)作、患者及其家屬參與以及持續(xù)改進(jìn)在安寧療護(hù)中的重要性。這些結(jié)論為我們提供了寶貴的參考，有助于我們更好地理解和實(shí)施安寧