高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)動詞時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)學(xué)案

動詞時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)（1）

一、動詞的分類和形式：

動詞是表示動作和狀態(tài)的詞。動詞有時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和語氣3種形式的變化。

1,動詞按其能否獨(dú)立作謂語而分為：“謂語動詞”和“非謂語動詞”兩種

2,動詞的4種基本形式：動詞原形、過去式、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。

3,動詞按其構(gòu)成動詞詞組作用分為：實(shí)義動詞、連系動詞、情態(tài)動詞和助動詞。1）實(shí)

義動詞分為及物動詞和不及物動詞。還可分為持續(xù)性動詞和瞬間動詞；2）連系動詞有兩種：

一種表特征或狀態(tài)，另一種表狀態(tài)變化過程。

4,五種不同的短語動詞：1）“動詞+介詞”；2）“動詞+副詞”；3）“動詞+副詞+介詞”;

4）“動詞+名詞（或代詞）+介詞”；5）“be+形容詞（包括相當(dāng)于形容詞的過去分詞+介詞乙

二、動詞的時(shí)態(tài)：

1,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法：1）表示現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣，經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。2）表示

主語的特征、性格和能力。3）表示客觀事實(shí)或真理。4）表示按照計(jì)劃安排好的將來行為。

（只限于是g。,come,leave,start,stop,be等開始或移動意義的詞。）

2,一般過去時(shí)的用法：1）表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)。2）敘述過去連續(xù)發(fā)生的事情。3）

表示過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作。

3、一般揩來時(shí)的用法：1）表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)。2）表示揩來的經(jīng)常動作。

4、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法：1）表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動作。2）表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動

作。（說話時(shí)動作不一定進(jìn)行。）

5,過去進(jìn)行進(jìn)的用法：1）過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作。2）表示移

動的動詞：come,start,stay,leave,go等詞的過去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示過去的將來要發(fā)生

的動作。3）wasgoingtodo可以表示在過去某一時(shí)間之后發(fā)生的動作。

6、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法：1）表示剛剛完成的動作，常與just連用。2）表示過去發(fā)生而

持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，甚至延續(xù)到將來。常與since,for連用，但for,since不能與

終止性的動詞連用。3）表示過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。

7、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別：1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系，它表示過去的動作

對現(xiàn)在所產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果、影響。一般過去時(shí)通常表示在過去某一具體時(shí)間發(fā)生的動作，與現(xiàn)在

沒什么聯(lián)系。2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的行為；一般過去時(shí)著重過去某一時(shí)刻的

某一具體動作。

8、過去完成的用法：1）表示在過去某一或動作之前已經(jīng)完成的動作。常與by,before

等介詞短語或一個(gè)狀語從句或上下文暗示。2）表示由過去某一時(shí)間開始，一直延續(xù)到過去

另一時(shí)間的動作，常和for（有時(shí)可省去）或since構(gòu)成的短語或since引導(dǎo)的從句連用。

9、過去揩來時(shí)的用法：表示對于過去某一時(shí)刻而言將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。

練習(xí)一：動詞時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)（1）

1.WhenIsawMary,she______onthepiano.

A.isplayingB.playsC.wasplayingD.played

2.She______thedoorbeforeshegoesaway.

A.hadlockedB.islockingC.haslocked.D.waslocking.

3.Ahunterisamanwho______animals.

A.catchB.catchesC.willcatchD.wascatching

4.What_____ifIdrinkthis?

A.happensB.ishappeningC.willhappenD.ishappened

5.IwillvisityouifFather______me.

A.letB.letsC.islettingD.willlet

6.Lookout!Thattree_____falldown.

A.isgoingtoB.willbeC.shallD.would

7.Myuncle_____toseeme.He'11beheresoon.

A.comesB.iscomingC.hadcomeD.came

8.Theycan，tleaveuntilthey_____theirwork.

A.didB.aredoingC.havedoneD.hasdone

9.“Hasheseenthisfilm?”"Yes.He______itseveraldaysago.〃

A.sawB.hasseenC.hadseenD.wasseeing

10.NowMikeisnthere.He______MrGreen's.Perhapshe_______backinafewminutes.

A.wentto;iscomingB.hasgoneto;willcome

C.hasbeento;willbeD.isgoingto;hascome

11.Thatdayhe.hisclothesbeforehecametoseeme.

A.haswashedB.washedC.hadbeenwashingD.waswashed

12.Ihaven'tfinishedmycomposition.Ifortwohoursanda

half.

A.havewrittenitB.havebeenwritingit

C.wroteitD.amwrittingit

13.IwilltakemydaughterwithmewhenIShangHai,

A.gotoB.willgotoC.havebeentoD.havegoneto

14.Thisbrightgirlthetruthinfrontoftheenemy.

A.didntsayB.couldn，tspeaktoC.saidD.

didn'ttell

15.Thebridgewhichlastyearlooksreallybeautiful.

A.wasbuiltB.builtC.wassetupD.hadbeen

built

16.〃Whenschoolbegin?”〃NextMonday.

A.hasB.doesC.didD.isgoingto

17.Iwill_heretillyougivemesomemoney.

A.leaveB.notleaveC.comeD.return

18.I]heresinceImovedhere.

A.willworkB.workedC.workD.havebeenworking

19.EverytimeIthere,Iwillbuyhimsomethingnice.

A.wentB.willgoC.goD.havegone

20.Itwassaidthathisfather.

A.hasdiedB.died.C.hasbeendeadD.haddied

21.Wewon,tgounlessyousoon.

A.hadcomeB.cameC.willcomeD.come

22.sixyearssinceIbeganstudyingEnglish.

A.TheyhavebeenB.itisC.ItwasD.Thereare

23.They_____theSummerPalacethreetimes.

A.havegonetoB.havebeentoC.havebeeninD.havegoneinto

24.，zHowlonghaven，tweseeneachother?”"Well,itnearlytwoyearssince

welast.〃

A.is/havemetB.was/hadmetC.is/metD.hasbeen/hadmet

25.“Haveyouseentheartexhibition?“〃No,there.”

A.itwasnotbeingheldB.theydidn，thold

C.ithadnotheldD.theywereholdingit

26.Don'tgetoffthebusuntilit

A.stopB.willstopC.stoppedD.hasstopped

27.“Wheretherecorder?Ican'tseeitanywhere.，zitrighthere.

Butnowit'sgone.

A.didyouput/haveputB.haveyouput/put

C.hadyouput/wasputtingD.wereyouputting/haveput

28.Theyaskedmetohaveadrinkwiththem.Isaidthatitwas10yearssinceI

agooddrink.

A.hadenjoyedB.wasenjoyingC.enjoyedD.hadbeen

enjoying

29.Don,tcometonight.Iwouldratheryoutomorrow.

A.comeB.cameC.willcomeD.coming

30.you?

A.Do/marryB.Have/marriedC.Have/beenmarriedD.

Are/married

31.Whenhe_____allthenewspapers,he，11gohome.

A.sellsB.hassoldC.willhavesoldD.willbesold

32.“Thisclothwellandlong.〃〃0k.I'11takeit.

A.washes/lastsB.iswashed/lastedC.washes/islastedD.is

washing/lasting

33.“Hurryup,youonthephone.〃〃0h,I'mcoming.Thankyou.〃

A.arewantedB.arebeingwantedC.wantD.arewanting

34.Iseeyou,butIdidn't,forIhadnotime.

A.hadwantedtoB.haswantedtoC.wantedD.waswanted

35.IinGuangZhouforsixyearsbythisOctober.

A.havelivedB.waslivingC.willbelivingD.shallhave

lived

36.Bythistimenextyearhefromthecollege.

A.willbegraduatingB.shouldbegraduating

C.willhavegraduatedD.isgraduating

37.Ourteachertoldusthattheearthfromwesttoeast.

A.turnsB.turnC.hasturnedD.hadturned

38.Mybrotherwhilehehisbicycleandhurthimself.

A.fell/wasridingB.fell/wereriding

C.hadfallen/rodeD.hadfallen/wasriding

39.Billsaidhe___twenty-onethenextyear.

A.wasgoingtobeB.wasabouttobeC.couldbeD.wastobe

40.Itishightimeyouinbednow.

A.areB.wereC.willbeD.wouldbe

41.Afterawhileanagreement.

A.wasarrivedatB.wasarrivedinC.wasarrivedD.hasbeen

arrived

42.TheairlinerfromBeijing____at3:00p.m.

A.isabouttoarriveB.hasarrivedC.arrivesD.isgoingtoarrive

43.,thatstepisnotsafe!

A.LookaroundB.LookupC.LookoutD.Lookdown

44.“Haveyouhimtogiveupsmoking?”〃No.I,buthewouldn*t

listen.”

A.persuaded/triedB.tried/persuadedC.tried/triedD.

persuaded/persuaded

45.Theresearchlaboratoryisgoingtothenewtypeofcomputertouse.

A.takeB.makeC.putD.send

46.Idon，tknowwhenhe,butwhenhe,I'11letyouknow.

A.willcome/comesB.comes/willcomeC.comes/comesD.will

come/willcome

47.Howmuchdoyouthinkthatvase?

A.iscostB.usedC.waspaidforD.cost

48.Ithathewouldbeabletoleavetomorrow,butit'sbeginningtolook

diffcult.

A.hopeB.hadhopedC.hopedD.amhoping

49.“Comeon,Peter,Iwanttoshowyousomething.v

“Oh,howniceofyou,Iyoutobringmeagift.”

A.neverthink/aregoingB.neverthought/weregoing

C.didn'tthink/aregoingD.hadn,tthought/weregoing

50.It/saniceflat,butitaproperbathroom.

A.haven'tgotB.hasn,tgotC.wouldn,tgetD.doesn'thave

got

51.Shehadashockwhensheheardthenews,?

A.hadn'tsheB.didn,tsheC.wouldn,tsheD.won'tshe

52.Thisliquidthesaltatroomtemperature.

A.becamemixedwithB.wasmixedby

C.mixeswithD.hasbeenmixingby

動詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)(2)

一、時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)：在復(fù)合句，從句(主要是賓語從句)中的時(shí)態(tài)，常受主句謂語動詞的影響，

這就叫做時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng).時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)一般有如下的情況。

1、如果主句的謂語動詞為現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，其從句中的謂語動詞應(yīng)該用什么時(shí)態(tài)就用什么時(shí)

態(tài)，如：SheknowsyouhavebeeninBeijingforfiverears.

2、如果主句中的謂語動詞為過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句中的謂語動詞就要用過去時(shí)態(tài)，但要注意

到下列情況：(1)如果從句中的謂語動詞所表示的動作與主句中的謂語動詞所表示的動作同

時(shí)發(fā)生，從句中須用一般過去時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，如：Shesaidshewasbusythen.(2)如

果從句中的謂語動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞所表示的動作之前，從句中須用過去

完成時(shí)，如：Ididn,tknowthatshehadbeentoLondontwice.(3)如果從句中的謂

語動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞所表示的動作之后,從句須用過去將來時(shí),如:They

didrftknowwhentheywouldhavearest.(4)如果從句中說明的是一種普遍真理現(xiàn)象，

雖然主句的謂語動詞為過去時(shí)態(tài)從句中仍要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，如：WhenIwasalittlechild,

myfathertoldmethattheearthisround.(5)如果從句中有表示具體過去時(shí)間的狀語，

雖然其謂語動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞所表示的動作之前，從句仍用一般過去時(shí),

但如果該狀語表示的時(shí)間不具體，則從句仍要用過去完成時(shí)，如：Tomesaidhewasbornin

1975.

二、被動語態(tài)：英語動詞的語態(tài)有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的

執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者，在被動語態(tài)的句子中，動作的執(zhí)行者，一般由

介詞by引起的短語來表示，如:Weoftenhelpthem.(主動)我們常幫助他們。Theyareoften

helpedbyus.(被動)他們常被我們幫助。

1、被動語態(tài)各時(shí)態(tài)的形式是由助動詞be的各時(shí)態(tài)的形式加及物動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。

2、被動語態(tài)八種時(shí)態(tài)的用法例句:被動語態(tài)常用的八種時(shí)態(tài)的基本用法和主動語態(tài)各時(shí)

態(tài)的

基本用法相同，只是句中的主語不是動作的執(zhí)行者，而是動作的承受者，如:(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：

NowEnglishistaughtinallmiddleschoolsinourcountry.(2)一般過去時(shí):TheGreathallofthe

Peoplewasbuiltin1959.(3)一般將來時(shí)：Whenwilltheworkbefinished?(4)過去將來時(shí):He

toldusthattheworkwouldbefinishedthenextday.⑸現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：

Yourtractorisbeingrepairednow.⑹過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：Thechildwasbeingexaminedbythedoctor

whentheycamein.(7)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：Theworkhasn'tbeenfinishedyet.(8)過去完成:Thenew

planhadbeencarriedoutbeforethesecondexperimentbegan.

3、在下列情況下，一般使用被動語態(tài)：(1)當(dāng)不知道動作執(zhí)行者是誰或沒有必要提到

動作執(zhí)行者時(shí)，如：PaperwasfirstmadeinChina.(2)當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動作承受者的作用時(shí)，

如：Thenewmachinewasinventedbya20-year-oldyoungworker.

4、由主動語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換為被動語態(tài)的幾種句型：(1)將一個(gè)句子由主動語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換為被動語

態(tài)時(shí)，可按下列步驟進(jìn)行：①先將主動結(jié)構(gòu)的賓語改為被動結(jié)構(gòu)的主語；②再將主動語態(tài)動

詞改為被動語態(tài)動詞；③最后在被動語態(tài)之后加介詞by,并將主動結(jié)構(gòu)的主語放在by之后

(經(jīng)常被省略)，構(gòu)成介詞短語；④由主動語態(tài)動詞改為被動語態(tài)動詞時(shí)，要注意被動語態(tài)

動詞中助動詞be的各種形式變化，因?yàn)楸粍诱Z態(tài)動詞的不同人稱和數(shù)是由助動詞be不同的

形式來表示的，如：Treesareplantedeveryspring.(2)如果主動語態(tài)動詞后又有直接賓語，

又有間接賓語，一般是將間接賓語改為被動語態(tài)句中的主語，將直接賓語保留在原處。如將

直接賓語改為被動語態(tài)句中的主語，將間接賓語保留在原處時(shí)，一般要在間接賓語前加介詞

to或for,如：Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.-*Iwastoldaninterestingstory

lastnight./Aninterestingstorywastoldtomelastnight.(3)主動語態(tài)中的賓語加帶有賓語

補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，改為被動語態(tài)時(shí)，就將賓語改為主語，將賓補(bǔ)保留在原處，而成為被動語態(tài)句中

主語的補(bǔ)足語了。賓補(bǔ)可以有下列幾種情況：①賓補(bǔ)為動詞不定式，如：Theyaskedhertosing

asong,fShewasaskedtosingasong.在動詞make,see,hear,watch,notice等之后，不定式

的to在主動語態(tài)里可要省略，而被動語態(tài)里不能省，如：Tomwasseentocomeoutofthelab.

②賓補(bǔ)為分詞，如：Theyheardthemsingingatthetime.-*Theywereheardsingingatthattime.

③賓補(bǔ)為形容詞、副詞、名詞或介詞短語，如:Shekeptmebusyallthemorning.-*Iwaskept

busyallthemorning.(4)如果主動語態(tài)中的謂語動詞為短語動詞，改為被動語態(tài)時(shí)，要注

意不要遺漏短語中的介詞或副詞，以保持短語動詞的完整性，如：Shealwaystakesgoodcare

ofthechildren.->Thechildrenarealwaystakengoodcareof.(5)含有情態(tài)動詞的動詞改為

被動語態(tài)時(shí)是將情態(tài)動詞后面的動詞原形改為被動語態(tài)，因其前有情態(tài)動詞，所以構(gòu)成被動

語態(tài)的助動詞be就要使用原形，如：TheymustfinishtheworkbeforeFriday.fTheworkmust

befinishedbeforeFriday.(6)begoingto,beto,usedto,haveto和hadbetter等結(jié)構(gòu)，其作用

相當(dāng)于情態(tài)動詞或助動詞，在改為被動語態(tài)時(shí)，只需將后面的動詞原形改為被動語態(tài)即可，

如：Thearenotgoingtoputoffthefootballmatch.Thefootballmatchisnotgoingtobeput

off.

練習(xí)二、動詞時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)(2)

53.Anexhibitionofpaintings___atthemuseumnextweek.

A.aretobeheldB.istobeheldC.areholdingD.willhold

54.Fmsorry,sir.Yourrecorderisn'treadyyet.Itinthefactory.

A.isbeingrepairedB.isrepairedC.hasbeenrepairedD.hasn'trepaired

55.Everypossiblemeans,butnoneprovesuccessful.

A.hastriedB.hasbeentriedC.isbeingtriedD.tried

56.thattheycanpassthewrittenexamthistime.

A.ThatishopedB.ItishopedC.ThathopesD.Ithopes

57.Mylittlesisterhasbrokenmywatch.——Mywatchbymylittlesister.

A.isbrokenB.hasbrokenC.havebeenbrokenD.hasbeen

broken

58.HewascleaninghisroomwhenIenteredthehouse.

——HisroombyhimwhenIenteredtheroom.

A.wasbeingcleanedB.wascleanedC.wasbeingcleaningD.hasbeencleaned

59.1shallhaveFinishedreadingthenovelbydinnertime.

--Thisnovelreading(byme)bydinnertime.

A.willhavefinishedB.willhasbeenfinished

C.willhavebeingfinishedD.willhavebeenfinished

60.Yououghttokeepthesethreeroomsclean.--Thesethreerooms(byyou).

A.areoughtedtokeepcleanB.oughttokeptclean

C.oughttobekeptcleanD.oughttohavebeenkeptclean

61.Youareabouttowriteapoem,aren'tyou?——Apoem(byyou),?

A.isabouttobewritten,aren*tyouB.isabouttobewriting,isn'tit

C.isabouttobewriting,aren'tyouD.isabouttobewritten,isn'tit

62.Shehadbetterleaveanotetohim.——Anotetohim(byher).

A.hadbetterleftB.hadbebetterleftC.hadbetterbeleftD.hadbetterbeen

left

63.Hedoesn'tdohishomeworkeveryday.-???Hishomeworkbyhimeveryday.

A.doesn'tbedoneB.aren'tdoneC.don'tbedoneD.isn'tdone

64.Wemusttakecareofourparentswhentheyareold.——Ourparentswhentheyare

old.

A.mustbetakencareB.mustbetookcarsC.musttakecareofD.mustbetaken

careof

65.Peoplelookdownuponhimbecauseheisaliar.——Hebecauseheisaliar.

A.islookeddownB.islookeddownuponC.looksdownuponD.looksdown

66.Fatherwillgivemeadictionaryonmybirthday.

——AdictionarymebyFatheronmybirthday.

A.shallbegiventoB.willgiveC.shallgivetoD.willbegiving

to

67.Weelectedherleader.-Shebyus.

A.iselectedleaderB.wasleaderelectedC.waselectedleaderD.leaderwas

elected

68.--Peoplewholivealongthisroadreceivetheirmailintheseboxes.

--Whyareallofthe?

A.greypaintedmailboxesB.mailboxesgreypainted

C.mailboxespaintedgreyD.paintedgreymailboxes

69.1sawhimentertheroom.——Hetheroom.

A.isseenenterB.isseentoenterC.wasseentoenterD.wasseenenter

70.Thequestionaskedbyhimishard.

A.toanswerB.tobeansweredC.tobeansweringD.foranswer

71.Howsweetthemusic!

A.soundstobeB.issoundedC.issoundedtobeD.sounds

72.Inwarmweatherfruitandmeatlong.

A.don'tkeepB.cannotbekeptC.arenotkeptD.arenotkeeping

73.Hereceivedatelegram_"MotherSick.”

A.writtenB.saidC.readingD.writing

74.Theclassroom30feetlong.

A.measuresB.ismeasuredC.hasD.haslength

75.Doyouremember?

A.howitisdoneB.ithowtobedoneC.HowisitdonebyD.how

todo

76.tohavebeenrich.

A.TheysayB.ItissaidC.HeissaidD.Thatwassaid

77.Mathematicsisdifficult.

A.tolearnB.forlearningC.tobelearnedD.oflearning

78.MyhairissolongthatImustgotoabarber'sshopand.

A.havetocutitB.haveitcutC.getittobecutD.tocutit

79.Thepencilwell.

A.writesB.iswrittenC.waswrittenD.writing

80.--Ican'tseetheblackboardverywell.----Perhapsyouneed.

A.toexamineyoureyesB.tohaveyoureyesexamined

C.tohaveexaminedyoureyesD.tobeexaminedyoureyes

81.--Whereisthecoffeetable?----Tomjusthaditaway.

A.moveB.movingC.movedD.moves

82.Goodmedicinetothemouth.

A.tastesbitterB.tastesbitterlyC.istastedbitterD.istasted

bitterly

83.Whichgirlwontheprize?

A.Bywhichgirlistheprizewon?B.Whichgirlwastheprizewon?

C.Bywhichgirldidshewintheprize?D.Bywhichgirlwastheprizewon?

8