初中英語現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)解析

初中英語現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)解析初中英語現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)解析初中英語現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)解析現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)Winterhasalreadycome.人有了知識，就會具備各種分析能力，明辨是非的能力。初中英語現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)解析初中英語現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)解析初中英語現(xiàn)在完成1現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)Winter

hasalready

come.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)Winter2nowpastfuture一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般過去時(shí)表示的是純粹在過去發(fā)生的事情現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法1.

表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。

e.g.–Haveyouhadyourlunchyet?–Yes,Ihave.I’vejusthadit.(現(xiàn)在我不餓了。)2.表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過去某一時(shí)刻開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，而且可能還要繼續(xù)下去。Eg.ShehaslearningEnglishforthreeyears.nowpastfuture一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般過去時(shí)表示34(2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型構(gòu)成：①肯定結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+________+______________+其他.主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)助動(dòng)詞用____,主語是其他人稱時(shí)助動(dòng)詞用_____。have/has動(dòng)詞的過去分詞hashave44(2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型構(gòu)成：have/has動(dòng)詞的過去分詞45②否定結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+have/has+___+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞

+其他注意：

havenot=haven’t；hasnot=hasn’tnot55②否定結(jié)構(gòu)：not556③一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：_________+主語+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+其他肯定回答：Yes，主語+have/has.否定回答：No,主語+haven’t/hasn’t.Have/Has66③一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：Have/Has661.Ihavevisitedthenaturemuseum.（變一般疑問句并作否定回答）

_______you________thenaturemuseum?No,______________.2.TinahasalreadyreadTreasureIsland.（變否定句）Tina_______________TreasureIsland______.3.MaryhasgonetoBeijing.（對劃線部分提問）________________Mary_______?現(xiàn)炒現(xiàn)賣HavevisitedIhaven’thasn’treadyetWherehasgone1.Ihavevisitedthenaturem7一、過去式和過去分詞的變化相同規(guī)則變化：1.一般在動(dòng)詞詞尾直接加ed。如：

pick→picked→picked;wish→wished→wished;stay→stayed→stayed2.以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后面加d。如：like→liked→liked;hope→hoped→hoped;phone→phoned→phoned一、過去式和過去分詞的變化相同83.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變y為i，再加-ed。如：

study→studied→studied;hurry→hurried→hurried;reply→replied→replied4.詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，要雙寫輔音字母，再加-ed。如：stop→stopped→stopped;plan→planned→planned3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變y為i，再加-ed9不規(guī)則變化：5.以不變應(yīng)萬變。如：

let→let→let;put→put→put;read→read→read6.若中間有雙寫e，則去掉一個(gè)e，單詞末尾再加t。如：

feel→felt→felt;keep→kept→kept;sleep→slept→slept不規(guī)則變化：107.結(jié)尾的字母d變t。如：

lend→lent→lent;build→built→built;send→sent→sent8.變?yōu)橐?ought或-aught結(jié)尾。如：

buy→bought→bought;bring→brought→brought;catch→caught→caught;teach→taught→taught7.結(jié)尾的字母d變t。如：11活學(xué)活用1.Writetheformsofthepasttenseandpastparticiple:drink____________see____________find____________leave____________tell____________drankdrunksawseenfoundfoundleftlefttoldtold活學(xué)活用1.Writetheformsofthe1213(3)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞：①常與already(已經(jīng)),yet(仍),never(從不),ever(曾經(jīng)),just(剛剛),before(以前),sofar(到目前為止)twice(兩次)recently(最近)等連用,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成,不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)。Eg.Ihaveneverarguedwithmyparents.IhavereadOliverTwisttwice.1313(3)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞：131314②常與“for+時(shí)間段,since+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn);since+時(shí)間段+ago;since+一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的句子;inthepast/lasttenyears(在過去十年)”等連用,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)。Eg.Ihavelivedherefor30years.=Ihavelivedheresince30yearsago.=Ihavelivedheresince1986.IhavelivedheresinceIwasonlytwo.1414②常與“for+時(shí)間段,since+過去的時(shí)間1414—WhyisMr.Yangstillintheteachers’office?—Maybehe________hisworkyet.A.doesn’tfinishB.hasn’tfinishedC.haven’tfinishedB現(xiàn)炒現(xiàn)賣—WhyisMr.Yangstillint15()【2013廣西貴港】—DoyouknowthemovieLostinThailand?—Yes.I______ittwice.It’sfunny.A.sawB.seeC.haveseenD.willseeC中考鏈接()【2013廣西貴港】C中考鏈接16()【2013黑龍江牡丹江】—Lunch?—No,thanks.I__________.A.willeatB.ameatingC.haveeaten()【2013湖北黃岡】—WhereisTom?Wecan’tfindhimanywhere.—Perhapshe_____home.A.hascomeB.isgoingC.wentD.wasgoingCA()【2013黑龍江牡丹江】CA17

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的比較

1）一般過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。Isawthisfilmyesterday.

（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過了。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.

（強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的比較

1）一般過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)182）一般過去時(shí)

常與具體的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用;

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語連用，或無時(shí)間狀語。一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語:

yesterday,lastweek，…ago,in1990,inOctober,justnow,…--具體的時(shí)間狀語

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語:

for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastfewyears,recently,…--模糊的時(shí)間狀語判斷正誤Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.

Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.對錯(cuò)2）一般過去時(shí)常與具體的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用;一般過去時(shí)193）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.

一般過去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等。

ShejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago.(加入的動(dòng)作不是延續(xù)的)

ShehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).(在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))

ShehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).

(是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù))

3）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性20

since用來說明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間—“自從……”for用來說明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長度—“長達(dá)……”

Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.

IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.

Myaunthasworkedinacompanysince1949.

Ihavenotheardfrommyuncleforalongtime.比較since和for注意：并非有for作為時(shí)間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

Iworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.

(我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。)

Ihaveworkedhereformanyyears.

(現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。)

since用來說明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間—“自從……21HehasgonetoShanghai.他(已經(jīng))去上海了。HehasbeentoShanghai.他(曾經(jīng))去過上海。比較have/hasbeentohave/hasgonetoHehasgonetoShanghai.Hehas22HewenttoShanghailastweek.

他(曾經(jīng))到/去過上海

[在他人生中曾經(jīng)有過這樣的經(jīng)歷,但他人現(xiàn)在肯定不是在上海而是回來了]他已經(jīng)去上海了

[也許剛動(dòng)身出發(fā),也許已經(jīng)到了,也許還在路上,反正他人不在這里]上周他[做了一件事:那就是]去了上海HehasbeentoShanghai.HehasgonetoShanghai.HehasbeeninShanghaifor10years.他呆在上海迄今為止已經(jīng)10年了[現(xiàn)在還在上海沒有離開呢]辨析這些句子由時(shí)態(tài)導(dǎo)致的含義上的差別HewenttoShanghailastweek.23Hedied10yearsago.---He____________for10years/since10yearsago.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.---He________thebookfor2weeks.3.Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago.---He________themotorbikeforamonth.4.Hearrivedherethreedaysago.---He________heresincethreedaysago.5.Theyturnedoffthelight2hoursago.---Thelight____________for2hours.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和瞬間性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和瞬間性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化24Hedied10yearsago.---Hehasbeendeadfor10years/since10yearsago.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.---Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.3.Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago.---Hehashadthemotorbikeforamonth.4.Hearrivedherethreedaysago.---Hehasbeenheresincethreedaysago.5.Theyturnedonthelight2hoursago.---Thelighthasbeenonfor2hours.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和瞬間性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化(keys)延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和瞬間性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化(keys)256.Helefthere2yearsago.---He____________fromherefor2years.7.Thefilmbegan30minutesago.---Thefilm____________for30minutes.8.Theyopenedthedooranhourago.---Thedoor____________foranhour.9.Theyclosedthedooranhourago.---Thedoor____________foranhour.10.Hejoinedthearmylastyear.---He________a____forayear.---He____________thearmyforayear.---It____ayear____hejoinedthearmy.6.Helefthere2yearsago.266.Helefthere2yearsago.---Hehasbeenawayfromherefor2years.7.Thefilmbegan30minutesago.---Thefilmhasbeenonfor30minutes.8.Theyopenedthedooranhourago.---Thedoorhasbeenopenforanhour.9.Theyclosedthedooranhourago.---Thedoorhasbeenclosedforanhour.10.Hejoinedthearmylastyear.---Hehasbeenasoldierforayear.---Hehasbeeninthearmyforayear.---Itisayearsincehejoinedthearmy.6.Helefthere2yearsago.27e.g.Ihaven’tseenherthesedays.I’veknownBobforthreeyears.I’vebeenatthisschoolforovertwoyears.時(shí)間狀語already,yet,just,ever,never,beforee.g.Ihaven’tseenherthese28構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是由“助動(dòng)詞hav