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Lesson1語法填空考點(diǎn)1:定語從句知識(shí)點(diǎn)知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解★定語從句的定義e.g.“一個(gè)可愛的孩子”acutebaby,這個(gè)短語中用cute單個(gè)單詞來修飾、限定baby。e.g.“一個(gè)正在看著你并渴望被你擁抱的孩子”無法用單個(gè)單詞來修飾、限定baby,所以我們把baby提前,將修飾成分后置,用定語從句來寫:ababywhoiswatchingyouandwantstobehuggedbyyou這里的baby叫做“先行詞”,who是連接修飾成分的,叫做“關(guān)系詞”。由此,定語從句的定義:修飾、限定先行詞的從句。★關(guān)系代詞1.關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語,不可省略。e.g.Thewomanwho/thatlivesnextdoorismyaunt.這里who在從句中作主語,不可省略。wholivesnextdoor修飾、限定thewoman。合并下列句子:Theyoungmanishisbrother. Theyoungmaninventedthetool.→Theyoungmanwho/thatinventedthistoolishisbrother.Thefactoryisverylarge.Thefactoryproducescars.→Thefactorywhich/thatproducescarsisverylarge.2.關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語,可以省略。e.g.ThewomanwhoIreferredtowasonholiday.=Thewoman(who/whom/that)Ireferredtowasonholiday.合并下列句子:Thisistheboy. Ihelpedtheboy.→Thisistheboy(that/who/whom)Ihelped.Thisisthebook.Youwantthebook.→Thisisthebook(which/that)youwant.Istillremembertheholiday. Ispenttheholidaywithhim.Istillremembertheholiday(which/that)Ispentwithhim.Istillremembertheday. Ispentthedaywithyou.Istillremembertheday(which/that)Ispentwithyou.3.特殊情況:Thisisthegirlwho/that(Ibelieve)wasthedriverofthecar.Ibelieve作插入語,此句中的who/that是從句中作主語的關(guān)系詞,不能省略。4.只能用that的情況,先行詞是:(that在從句中作賓語,同樣可以省略)(1).不定代詞:all,(the)one(s),no,some,any,every…(先行詞為anyone,someone等,優(yōu)先用who/whom)(2).極端詞:thevery,theonly,few,little,no...(3).序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)(4).既指人又指物(5).從句中作表語:Myhometownisnolongerthevillagethatitusedtobe.(6).問句中為了避免重復(fù):WhoisthemanthatistalkingtoJohn?e.g.Thisisthebestfilmthathasbeenshownthisyear.Ilikethesecondfootballmatchthatwasheldlastweek.Theherohassavedthehorseanditsriderthatfellintotheriver.Thankyouforgivingmetheverybook(that)I’mlookingfor.Ihaveheardallthebooks(that)yougaveme.That’sall(that)Iwanttosay.★介詞+關(guān)系詞特征:此關(guān)系詞一般情況下,使用關(guān)系代詞which或whom。when=介詞+whichwhere=介詞+whichwhy=forwhich1.與從句中動(dòng)詞有關(guān):e.g.ThiswasthefilmofwhichIspoketoyoulastweek.=Thiswasthefilm(which/that)Ispokeoftoyoulastweek.2.與從句中形容詞有關(guān):e.g.ThemeteoriteinwhichthescientistswereinterestedcrashedintoRussia.=Themeteorite(which/that)thescientistswereinterestedincrashedintoRussia.3.與先行詞有關(guān):e.g. TheSecondWorldWarduringwhich/whenmillionsofpeoplewerekilledendedin1945.I’llneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichwemet.Thisisthetownwhere/inwhichIspentmychildhood.Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhichhewaslate.4.theway的三種寫法:Theway(that/inwhich)hespokeremindedmeofhisfather.* 比較(1). Thisisthetowninwhich/whereIwasborn.Thisisthetown(which/that)Ivisitedlastweek.(2). Iwillneverforgetthedayonwhich/whenIcametoschool.Iwillneverforgettheday(which/that)Ispentwithyou.(3). Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhichhewaslate.Thisisthereason(that/which)hetoldme.(4). Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichIcamehere.(5). Thisisthehousewhere/inwhichIlivedlastyear.(6). Therearemanyreasonswhy/forwhichpeopleliketravelling.(7). Idon’tliketheway(inwhich/that)youspeak.(8). TheSecondWorldWarduringwhich/whenmillionspeoplewerekilledendedin1945.(9). Theseventeenthcenturywasoneinwhich/whenmanyadvancesweremadeinscience.5.whose的三種寫法:Thehouseismine. Thewindowofthehouseisbroken.Thehouse +(1). whosewindowisbroken(2).thewindowofwhichisbrokenismine.(3).ofwhichthewindowisbrokenShewroteabook. Ihavepletelyforgottenitsname.→ShewroteabookwhosenameIhavepletelyforgotten.或ShewroteabookthenameofwhichIhavepletelyforgotten.或ShewroteabookofwhichthenameIhavepletelyforgotten.★非限制性定語從句特點(diǎn):1.有逗號(hào) 2.去掉后主句意思仍然完整 3.關(guān)系詞不能是that或whye.g.Herbrotherwhoisnowasoldieralwaysencourageshertogotocollege.(可能有其他哥哥)Herbrother,whoisnowasoldier,alwaysencourageshertogotocollege.(只有一個(gè)哥哥)注意:關(guān)系代詞which可以指代整個(gè)主句或主句某一部分所表達(dá)的意義。1. Shesaidthatthemanwasathief,whichturnedouttobetrue. which指代整個(gè)主句2. Youcanseepeopleinfashionableclothes,whichshowstheymusthavewellpaidjobs.which指代“peopleinfashionableclothes”3. Youcanfindwhateveryouneedattheshoppingcenter,whichisalwaysbusyattheweekend. which指代“theshoppingcenter”★ 定從中關(guān)系代詞“as”的用法1、thesame:thesameas類似 e.g.You’vegotthesamewatchasIhave.thesamethat同一個(gè)e.g.You’vegotthesamewatchthatIhave.2、so/such…as 引導(dǎo)定語從句,缺成分so/such…that引導(dǎo)狀語從句,“如此……以至于……”,不缺成分e.g.SheissuchanicegirlasIlove.她是如此好的一個(gè)我愛的女孩。e.g.SheissoniceagirlthatIloveher.她是如此好的一個(gè)女孩,所以我愛她。語法語法填空精選試題2024一模寶山區(qū) Thefirstisvolume:Bigdatainvolveslargeamountsofdata,mostof(23)_____eswithoutstructureororganization. Key:which2024一模崇明區(qū) “Andfindingslikethis—it’samoment(30)_____scientistslivefor.” Key:that/which2024一模黃浦區(qū) Thisweekend,youcouldforinstanceseekoutsomeveganicecream(27)______doesn’ttasteterrible. Key:that/which2024一模靜安區(qū) Thesuccessrateforforeignstudentswasamerely106studentslastyear(28)______hasslightlyimprovedto216studentsthisyear. Key:which2024一模金山區(qū) Itwasaphotoofalittlegirl(26)______Ididn’tknow,winningfirstprizeinaschooltalentshow.Key:who/whom/that2024一模閔行區(qū) Smartphoneappsalreadyexistthrough(23)______thesoundsofbirdsormammals(哺乳動(dòng)物)canbeidentified.Key:which2024一模青浦區(qū) Herspontaneousidea,shesays,hashadaprofoundeffectonthewomen(30)______werepartofit. Key:who/that2024一模松江區(qū) ThemanyGenerationZandmillennialstendtousethisshorttermfinancing(22)______allowsthemtobuyitemsandpayforthemovertime. Key:which2024一模松江區(qū) It’sbeenalifelineforsomepeople,suchasauniversitystudent(25)______weeklyineisnotbigenough.Key:whose2024一模徐匯區(qū) Thecavesupportsmorethan130wildlifespeciessuchastheeyelesscavefish(29)______hasadaptedtothelightlessenvironmentbynolongergrowingeyes. Key:which2024一模楊浦區(qū) Thereismorethansufficientfoodforeveryone,40%of(22)________isunfortunatelywastedeveryday.Key:which2024一模長(zhǎng)寧區(qū) Inmostcases,thechildhasexperiencedsignificantfrustrationsresultingfromthedeathorabsenceofaparent,haswitnessedorbeenvictimsofviolence,orhashadasignifi

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