英語閱讀理解猜答案技巧

英語閱讀理解猜答案技巧錦囊妙計1：利用邏輯關(guān)系信號詞細(xì)節(jié)題常常考查某種邏輯關(guān)系，最常見的有因果關(guān)系、比較關(guān)系和舉例關(guān)系。每種邏輯關(guān)系都會有特有的信號詞。利用信號詞能夠使你更快地定位原文，定位原文后再仔細(xì)理解原文，答案就不難選擇了。各種邏輯關(guān)系的信號詞有：因果關(guān)系：because，for,as,since,asaresultof,sothat,therefore,thus,hence,consequently,attribute...to...等;比較關(guān)系：but，however,onthecontrary,bycontrast,ratherthan,as...as,like,similar,parallel等;舉例關(guān)系：forexample,forinstance,like,suchas,andsoon,thatis等。【例】Asdinersthirstforleadingbrands,bottlersandrestaurateurssalivate(垂涎)overtheprofits.Arestaurant'stypicalmark-uponwineis100to150percent,whereasonbottledwaterit'soften300to500percent.Butsincewaterismuchcheaperthanwine,andmanyofthefancierbrandsaren'tavailableinstores,mostdinersdon'tnoticeorcare.Asaresult,somerestaurantsareturningupthepressuretosellbottledwater.AccordingtoanarticleinTheWallStreetJournal,someofthemoreshamelesstacticsincludeplacingattractivebottlesonthetableforavisualsell,listingbrandsonthemenuwithoutprices,andpouringbottledwaterwithoutevenaskingthedinersiftheywantit.Q:Whyaresomerestaurantsturningupthepressuretosellbottledwater?[2006.12/T60]A)Bottledwaterbringsinhugeprofits.B)Competitionfromthewineindustryisintense.C)Mostdinersfindbottledwateraffordable.D)Bottledwatersatisfiesdiners'desiretobefashionable.【解析】從題目開頭的why可知本文要求查找的是因果關(guān)系，原文中可能有表示因果關(guān)系的信號詞。上文第2段開頭的Asaresult是表示因果關(guān)系的信號詞.表明題目要求查找的原因可在上文找到。上文提到餐館售賣瓶裝水的利潤巨大，且由于水比酒便宜得多，許多利潤大的品牌在商店買不到.所以用餐者也不會注意或在乎;結(jié)果就是，一些餐館加大售賣瓶裝水的力度。定位后再細(xì)讀上一段即可知道本題應(yīng)選A。[答案：A]錦囊妙計2：利用特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號一些標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號與篇章結(jié)構(gòu)或句間關(guān)系有密切聯(lián)系，也常常成為考點(diǎn)。?？嫉臉?biāo)點(diǎn)及其功能包括：破折號：對前面的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行解釋或說明、補(bǔ)充，?？技?xì)節(jié)性問題;引號：表示引用、強(qiáng)調(diào)或諷刺，?？技?xì)節(jié)、語義或態(tài)度性問題;冒號：對前面的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行解釋，?？技?xì)節(jié)性問題;括號：表示解釋。?？技?xì)節(jié)性問題。在預(yù)讀文章時，如果碰到這些特殊的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號，可以先作記號。遇到題干的關(guān)鍵詞出現(xiàn)在特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號的同一個段落或句子，應(yīng)優(yōu)先看特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號處.答案可能就在那里?！纠?】Aswehaveseen,thefocusofmedicalcareinoursocietyhasbeenshiftingfromcuringdisease,topreventingdisease-especiallyintermsofchangingourmanyunhealthybehaviors,suchaspooreatinghabits,smoking,andfailuretoexercise.Q:Todaymedialcareisplacingmorestresson___________.[2006.12/T62]A)keepingpeopleinahealthyphysicalconditionB)monitoringpatients'bodyfunctionsC)removingpeople'sbadlivinghabitsD)ensuringpeople'spsychologicalwell-being【解析】上文開頭的focus與題目中的stress為同義詞，為本題答案所在地。句中的破折號為特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號，對focus做出進(jìn)一步的限定，因此，本題答案應(yīng)鎖定在破折號后的內(nèi)容，此處的changingourmanyunhealthybehaviors與選項(xiàng)C內(nèi)容相同，由此可確定選項(xiàng)C為本題答案?！敬鸢福篊】錦囊妙計3：字面意義不是解以字面意義作選項(xiàng)是干擾項(xiàng)的常用技巧，這在詞匯理解題中尤為常見，在答題時應(yīng)立刻將字面意義的選項(xiàng)排除.同義改寫或深層意義的才是正確選項(xiàng)?！纠?】ArthuryonWiesenberger,whocarriesthetitleWaterMaster,isoneofthefewwatercriticsinNorthAmerica.Asaboy,hespenttimeinthelargercitiesofItaly,FranceandSwitzerland,wherebottledwaterisconsumeddaily.Eventhen,hekeptawaterjournal,notingthebrandshelikedbest.“Mydogcouldtellthedifferencebetweenbottledandtapwater,”hesays.Q:Bysaying“Mydogcouldtellthedifferencebetweenbottledandtapwater”,vonWiesenbergerwantstoconveythemessagethat____[2006.12/T58]A)plaintapwateriscertainlyunfitfordrinkingB)bottledwaterisclearlysuperiortotapwaterC)bottledwateroftenappealsmoretodogs'tasteD)dogscanusuallydetectafinedifferenceintaste【解析】題目中的dog只是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)瓶裝水和自來水的區(qū)別很明顯，對該句的正確理解不應(yīng)真的與dog有關(guān).可見選項(xiàng)C和D完全沒有提及mydogcouldtell的深層意思，都只是表面的解釋，可立刻予以排除。[答案：B]錦囊妙計4：照抄原文不是解.同義替換是解在細(xì)節(jié)題中有兩種極端，一種是答案照搬原文，另一種卻相反，即照搬原文的不是答案，對原文進(jìn)行同義改寫的才是答案。前一種題毫無難度，因此，后一種是出題者主要使用的手段。在排除了毫無原文依據(jù)的選項(xiàng)后，在剩下的選項(xiàng)中，不妨考慮利用這個錦囊選出正確答案。【例4】...Othersexpectedpeopletoliemoreinface-to-faceexchangesbecausewearemostpracticedatthatformofcommunication.ButHancocksaysitisalsocrucialwhetheraconversationisbeingrecordedandcouldbereread,andwhetheritoccursinrealtime.Peopleappeartobeafraidtoliewhentheyknowthecommunicationcouldlaterbeusedtoholdthemtoaccount,hesays.Thisiswhyfewerliesappearine-mailthanonthephone.Q:Accordingtothepassage,whyarepeoplemorelikelytotellthetruththroughcertainmediaofcommunication?[2006,6/T59]A)Theyareafraidofleavingbehindtracesoftheirlies.B)Theybelievethathonestyisthebestpolicy.C)Theytendtoberelaxedwhenusingthosemedia.D)Theyaremostpracticedatthoseformsofcommunication.【解析】選項(xiàng)B和C的信息并未在原文提及，因此可以首先排除。選項(xiàng)D照抄上文首段末句原因從句的內(nèi)容，這時也可以根據(jù)“照抄原文不是解”這條錦囊把選項(xiàng)D也排除掉，剩下的選項(xiàng)A是就成了最可能正確的選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)A是對第2段第2句中couldbeusedto引出的目的的近義改寫，為正確答案?！敬鸢福篈】錦囊妙計5：與文章主題相關(guān)的是解有些題日以wh-開頭，它們看似是細(xì)節(jié)題，但是答案短時間內(nèi)又不能在原文找到某句細(xì)節(jié)作依據(jù)。遇到這種題目時，可選擇與文章主題關(guān)系最密切的選項(xiàng)。【例5】At19,whenIbeganstudyingastrophysics,itdidnotbothermeintheleasttobetheonlywomanintheclassroom.ButwhileearningmyPh.D.atMITandthenasapost-doctordoingspaceresearch,theissuestartedtobotherme.Myeveryachievement-jobs,researchpapers,awards-wasviewedthroughthelensofgender(性別)politics.Soweremyfailures.Sometimes,whenIwaspushedintoanargumentonleftbrainversus(相對于)rightbrain,ornatureversusnurture(培育),Iwouldinstantlyfightfiercelyonmybehalfandallwomankind.Q:WhatdidtheauthorconstantlyfightagainstwhiledoingherPh.D.andpost-doctoralresearch?[2007.6/T59]A)Widespreadmisconceptionsaboutnatureandnurture.B)People'sstereotypedattitudetowardsfemalescientists.C)Unfairaccusationsfrombothinsideandoutsidehercircle.D)Lackofconfidenceinsucceedinginspacescience.【解析】原文沒有任何一句話直接與題干相關(guān)，因此“近義改寫是解”行不通。這時，本錦囊就顯得特別有效。上文在原文中是第2段，從首段開始就可以知道文章的主題與“性別歧視”問題有關(guān)，根據(jù)這個主題篩選選項(xiàng)，就能發(fā)現(xiàn)選項(xiàng)B與該主題關(guān)系最密切。其中stereotypedattitudetowardsfemale是對“性別歧視”的另一種表述。這樣，即使問題與答案難以定位，抓住了文章主題，就可以確定選項(xiàng)B是本題答案。[答案：B]錦囊妙計6：排除法有時題目和答案的設(shè)置比較隱蔽。想通過定位原文這種正面進(jìn)攻的方法找到答案耗時費(fèi)力，那么，不妨試試排除法。如果能證明選項(xiàng)中的三個與題干無關(guān)，而與文中的其他話題或內(nèi)容有關(guān).這就可從反面確定剩下的那個選項(xiàng)為題目答案?！纠?】Tryingtocriticizewritingontheflyispossiblythesinglegreatestbarriertowritingthatmostofusencounter.Ifyouarelisteningtothat5thgradeEnglishteachercorrectyourgrammarwhileyouaretryingtocaptureafleeting(稍縱即逝的)thought,thethoughtwilldie.Ifyoucapturethefleetingthoughtandsimplyshareitwiththeworldinrawform,nooneislikelytounderstand.Youmustlearntocreatefirstandthencriticizeifyouwanttomakewritingthetoolforthinkingthatitis.Thepracticethatcanhelpyoupastyourlearnedbadhabitsoftryingtoeditasyouwrite"iswhatElbowcalls"freewriting".Infreewriting,theobjectiveistogetwordsdownonpapernon-stop,usuallyfor15-20minutes.Nostopping,nogoingback,nocriticizing.Thegoalistogetthewordsflowing.Asthewordsbegintoflow,theideaswillcomeoutfromtheshadowsandletthemselvesbecapturedonyournotepadoryourscreen.Q:Whatpreventspeoplefromwritingonis________.[2007.6/T63]A)puttingtheirideasinrawformB)tryingtocapturefleetingthoughtsC)attemptingtoeditastheywriteD)ignoringgrammaticalsoundness【解析】本題題干的內(nèi)容非常隱蔽，在原文難以定位。我們可以從選項(xiàng)入手。發(fā)現(xiàn)選項(xiàng)A、B、D都是freewritin9過程中應(yīng)該做的.也就是說.它們是使寫作者能不斷寫出東西的方法，這與題干的要求正好相反，因此可以把它們排除掉。這樣，雖然我們可能仍然不能確定剩下的選項(xiàng)C與題干明確的關(guān)系，但排除了其他三個選項(xiàng)。也就等于從反面證明了選項(xiàng)C是唯一可選的選項(xiàng)了?！敬鸢福篊】錦囊妙計5：運(yùn)用邏輯直接排除選項(xiàng)當(dāng)四個選項(xiàng)之間存在邏輯上的包孕關(guān)系、排斥關(guān)系或者矛盾關(guān)系時，可以視步排除兩個(以上)選功，再帶著預(yù)知結(jié)果的期待聽錄音，往往事半功倍。本妙汁適合邏輯分析能力片聽力能力高的考生?！纠?】A)Thewomanisdrivingtoofast.B)Thewomanisdrivingatalowspeed.C)Thewomanhasbrokenatrafficrule.D)Thewomanhasparkedhercarinawrongplace.【錄音】M:Thisisaone-waystreet.Didn'tyouseethesign?W：sorry.1didn't.Q：Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?[1999.6/T9]【解析】選C選項(xiàng)間存在包孕關(guān)系，C包含A和D，可以初步排除A、D。如果B正確，問題很難提出(因?yàn)檐囬_得很慢通常不會引起什么矛盾)，因此在沒有聽錄音之前就可以初步判斷選C。【例7】A)Themarladmiresthewoman'stalentinwriting.B)Thewomantookalotofpicturesatthecontest.C)Thewomanisaphotographer.D)Themanisfondoftraveling.【錄音】W：1wonthefirstprizeintheNationalWritingContestandIgotthiscameraasanaward.M：It'sagoodcamera!Youcantakeitwhenyoutravel.Ihadnoideayouwereamarvelouswriter.Q：Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?[2007.6/T12]【解析】答案為A。男士說“我不知道原來你是這么棒的作家”，由此可以推斷出答案選A“男士欽佩女士的寫作才華”。奇道解法：B、C都以Thewoman開頭，說女士愛好攝影。幾乎是同義選項(xiàng)，一般都是干擾項(xiàng)，可同時排除。A、D都說男士的心理(關(guān)鍵詞admire，fond)，并涉及到writing,traveling，應(yīng)注意聽錄音內(nèi)容。應(yīng)不難聽到男士說的whenyoutravel，可排除D。錦囊妙計6：形態(tài)相似的選項(xiàng)預(yù)示答案四個選項(xiàng)中如果只存在一組形似項(xiàng)，答案極可能是其中之一?！纠?】A)Themallhasneverseenthewomanbefore.B)Thetwospeakerswork.forthesamecompany.C)Thetwospeakersworkonthesamefloor.D)Thewomanisinterestedinmarketresearch.【分析】B、C兩項(xiàng)非常相似，首先主語都是Thetwospeakers，其次謂語都是work。形態(tài)相似，必留給考生較深刻的印象。【錄音】M：Niceweather，isn'tit?Oh，I'veseenyouaroundtheoffice，butIdon'tthinkwe'vemet.IamHenrySmith.1work.intheMarketResearchSection.W：Nicetomeetyou,Henry.IamHelenGrant.IamintheAdvertisingSectionontheninthfloor.Q：Whatcanweinferfromtheconversation?[2006.6/T17]【解析】答案為B。這道題如果光聽對話，那么注意力很容易被seen，met吸引過去而受到干擾。但若按照形似的原則，聽之前圈定的形似項(xiàng)B和C，只要選其一，就有50%的命中率。再加上女士說的她在九樓上班，則可排除C“兩人在同一樓層上班”，這樣正確答案也就手到擒來?！纠?】A)Thegirlsgotonweftwitheachother,B)It'sunderstandablethatgirlsdon'tgetalong.C)Shewasangrywiththeotheryoungstars.D)Thegirlslackedthecouragetofight.[2006.6/T11]【分析】A和D結(jié)構(gòu)相似。答案很可能是其中一個。【錄音】M：Whatwoulditbelikeworkingwiththoseyoungstars?W：Itwasagreatgroup.Ialwaysgotmadwhenpeoplesaidthatwedidn'tgetalong，justbecauseweweresin.Therewasneverafight.Wehadagreattime.Q：Whatdoesthewomanmean?【解析】主要根據(jù)女士最后兩句：沒有打架、很開心，所以選A。錦囊妙計7：語義矛盾的選項(xiàng)預(yù)示答案四個選項(xiàng)中如果存在一組意思相反的選項(xiàng).答案極可能居于其一。【例10】A)Moststudentswouldliketoworkforanewspaper.B)Moststudentsfindajobbyreadingadvertisements.C)Moststudentsfindithardtogetajobaftertheygraduate.D)Moststudentsdon'twantjobsadvertisedinthenewspapers.【分析】B、D兩項(xiàng)意思相反，答案很可能是其中之一?！句浺簟縈：Howdomoststudentsfindajob