中考英語一輪復習 考點詳解+真題練習專項突破38 閱讀理解之記敘文（含解析）

專項38閱讀理解之記敘文一、材料特點 人物故事類的閱讀理解是中考英語的?？疾牧现弧＿@類文章一般可分為人物傳記和短篇故事兩類。1.人物傳記主要涉及某人的生平事跡、趣聞軼事、生活背景、個性特征、成長和奮斗歷程等，其特點是以時間的先后或事件的發(fā)展為主線，脈絡清楚，可讀性較強。2.短篇故事與人物傳記不同的是，這類文章一般描述的是某一件具體事情的發(fā)生發(fā)展或結(jié)局，有人物、時間、地點和事件。命題往往從故事的情節(jié)、人物或事件之間的關系、作者的態(tài)度及意圖、故事前因和后果的推測等方面著手，考查考生對細節(jié)的辨認能力以及推理判斷能力。二、解題技巧1.閱讀人物傳記類文章時應該抓住時間線索來獲取有關信息，即主人翁在某個時間做過什么，然后通過分析推理、綜合歸納的方法進行解題。2.閱讀短篇故事類材料時，同學們一定要根據(jù)主要情節(jié)掌握文章主旨大意，同時抓住每一個細節(jié)，設身處地地根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容揣摩作者的態(tài)度和意圖，根據(jù)情節(jié)展開想象，這樣的話即使是深層理解題也可迎刃而解。A（2022·山東東營·中考真題）I’mgoodinschool.Idomyworkandstudyalot,butforsomereason,Ihaveaverybadhabitoflosingthings.Lastsummer,Iwasonvacationwithmyfamilyatthebeach.Onthefirstday,myfathergavemeawatchtotaketheplaceoftheoneIhadlosttheyearbefore.“Youneedtohaveawatch,sotakegoodcareofthisone,”hesaid.Thenextday,Iwentswimming.Thesunwasshiningonthewater.Thewaterwaswarmandbeautiful.Iswam.Ifloated(漂浮).Idove(潛水).Ireallyenjoyedbeinginthewater.BythetimeIreturnedtobeach,IwasquitetiredsoIlaydown.Atthatmoment,Irememberedmywatchandlookedtoseewhattimeitwas.Butitwasgone!Isearchedallafternoon,butIcouldnotfindit.Thatnightatdinner,Iarrivedwithmysleeves(衣袖)pulleddown,hopingnoonewouldnoticethatIdidn’thavemywatch.Mysisterasked,“Whattimeisit?”“AskTom,”mymothersaid.“Hehastheexpensivenewwatch.”Dadlookedatmeandsaid,“Don’ttellmethatyou’velostthewatchalready!”“No!”Isaid.Iwassweating(出汗)withgreatfear.IknewIwasgoingtobecaughtinaterriblelie(謊言).Justthen,therewasanannouncement，“Ladiesandgentlemen,averynicewatchwasfoundonthebeachtoday.Ifyoulostoneandcanidentify(確認)it,pleasecometothefrontdesk.”Immediately(立刻),IknewwhatIhadtodo.Islowlygotup,withmywholefamilystaringatme.Iwenttothedesk.Thereitwas.Thewatchwasnotbroken.Itwasstillworking.Iwalkedbacktothetable,satdownandsaidinalowvoice,“I’msorryIdidn’ttellthetruth.”Myfamilysmiled.TheyknewthatIhadfinallylearnedmylesson.1．Tom’sfathergavehimanewwatchbecauseTom_________.A．neededone B．wasonvacation C．dislikedhisoldone D．behavedwellatschool2．WhatdidTomdowhenhefoundthewatchwasgone?A．Hetoldhisfatheraboutthat. B．Heaskedthefrontdeskforhelp.C．Hespentallafternoonsearchingforit. D．Hedidnothingandcontinuedlyingonthebeach.3．HowmightTomfeelaftersaying“No”?A．Upset. B．Worried. C．Relaxed. D．Disappointed.4．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Tomstudieshard. B．Tomswimswell. C．Tomalwaystellslies. D．Tomoftenlosesthings.5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“l(fā)esson”inthelastsentencereferto?A．Takegoodcareofourthings. B．It’simportanttolistentoparents.C．Weshouldexcuseothers’mistakes. D．Facemistakesbravelyratherthantellinglies.【答案】1．A

2．C

3．B

4．C

5．A【導語】本文講述了作者有個愛丟東西的習慣，在去年夏天，作者又丟失了爸爸新給他買的手表，不過最后失而復得，但從這次經(jīng)歷中作者也懂得了：要保管好自己的東西，不再說謊。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Youneedtohaveawatch,sotakegoodcareofthisone”可知，因為Tom需要手表，所以爸爸給他買了一塊新的，故選A。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Isearchedallafternoon,butIcouldnotfindit.”可知，他花費了整整一個下午都在找手表，故選C。3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Iwassweating(出汗)withgreatfear.”可知，他說了“不”之后，他很害怕很擔心，故選B。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Isaid.Iwassweating(出汗)withgreatfear.IknewIwasgoingtobecaughtinaterriblelie(謊言).”可知，Tom這次撒謊了，自己認為是可怕的謊言，且自己感覺到巨大的恐懼，說明他平時不撒謊，故選C。5．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“Iwalkedbacktothetable,satdownandsaidinalowvoice,‘I’msorryIdidn’ttellthetruth.’Myfamilysmiled.TheyknewthatIhadfinallylearnedmylesson.”可知，家人知道Tom吸取了教訓，所以單詞“l(fā)esson”指的是“我們要好好照看我們的東西”，故選A。B（2022·內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特·中考真題）Inthecave,Isawgoldcoinsinacorner.TheywereFlint’streasure!Wehadcomesofartofindthis.AlreadyithadcostthelivesofseventeenmenfromtheHispaniola.Andhowmanyothers?Howmanyshipshadgonetothebottomofthesea?Howmanybravemenhadbeenkilledforthis?Perhapsnomanalivecouldtell.Nextmorning,wemovedallthegoldtothebeach.ThenwetookitbyboattotheHispaniola.Itwasabigjobforsosmallanumberofmen.Thenatlast,onesunnymorning,wesailedoutofNorthInletandtowardsthenearestport(港口)inSpanishAmerica.Beforeafternoon,TreasureIslandhaddisappearedfromview,andIhadneverfelthappiertoleaveaplacebehind.Thesunwasgoingdownwhenwesailedintotheport,andthedoctorandMrTrelawneytookmetothebeach.Whenwecameback,BenGunnwaswaitingforus.“Silverhasgone,”hetoldus,“butnotempty-handed.He’stakenoneofthebagsofcoinsperhapsworththreeorfourhundredguineas.”Ithinkwewereallpleasedtolosethebadmanatsosmallaprice.Wefoundsomesailorsfortheshipattheport,andthenhadagoodjourneyhome.OnlyfiveofthemenwhohadsailedfromBristolwiththeHispaniolareturnedwithher.Wealltookalargepieceofthetreasure.Someuseditwisely,butsomedidnot.CaptainSmollettnolongergoestosea.Graysavedhismoneyandnowisahalf-ownerandcaptainofafineship.BenGunngotathousandpoundswhichhespentorlostinthreeweeks,thenhecamebeggingandwasgivenajobasagatekeeper.OfSilverwehaveheardnomore.Thatscaryseamanwithoneleghasgoneoutofmylife.IwillneverreturntoTreasureIsland,butinmyworstdreamsIstillhearthesharp,highcriesofCaptainFlinttheparrot,“Piecesofeight!Piecesofeight!”—AdaptedfromTreasureIsland6．WhatdoyouknowfromParagraph1?A．Seventeenpeoplelefttheislandontheship.B．Thereweresomanygoldcoinsintheships.C．Manypeoplelosttheirlivesforthetreasure.D．Onlythewriterfoundgoldcoinsinthecave.7．Whichistherightorderofthestory?a.Wesailedintotheport.b.WesailedoutofNorthInlet.c.Wemovedallthegoldtothebeach.d.wetookitbyboattotheHispaniola.A．c-b-d-a B．c-d-b-a C．b-a-d-c D．b-d-a-c8．WhichwastrueaboutSilver?A．Heleftwithabagofgold. B．Hetookthewritertothebeach.C．Heleftwithemptyhands. D．Hewenthomewiththewriter.9．Theunderlinedword“her”refersto________.A．TreasureIsland B．NorthInletC．Bristol D．theHispaniola10．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．Astoryaboutlivingonanisland.B．Astoryabouttakingarelaxingtrip.C．Astoryaboutlookingfortreasure.D．Astoryaboutfindingdifferentjobs.【答案】6．C

7．B

8．A

9．D

10．C【導語】本文改編自一部長篇小說《金銀島》，講述了一個關于尋找寶藏的故事。6．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“AlreadyithadcostthelivesofseventeenmenfromtheHispaniola.Andhowmanyothers?Howmanyshipshadgonetothebottomofthesea?Howmanybravemenhadbeenkilledforthis?Perhapsnomanalivecouldtell.”可知，許多人為了財富而喪命。故選C。7．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Nextmorning,wemovedallthegoldtothebeach.”，“ThenwetookitbyboattotheHispaniola.”和“Thenatlast,onesunnymorning,wesailedoutofNorthInletandtowardsthenearestport(港口)inSpanishAmerica.”可知，c-d-b-a為正確的順序。故選B。8．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“‘Silverhasgone,’hetoldus,‘butnotempty-handed.He’stakenoneofthebagsofcoinsperhapsworththreeorfourhundredguineas.’”可知，Silver帶著一袋金子走了。故選A。9．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“OnlyfiveofthemenwhohadsailedfromBristolwiththeHispaniolareturnedwithher.”可知，在隨伊斯帕尼奧拉從布里斯托爾啟航的船員中，只有五人隨她返回。her指代的是“theHispaniola”。故選D。10．主旨大意題。本文改編自一部長篇小說《金銀島》，講述了一個關于尋找寶藏的故事。C選項“一個關于尋找寶藏的故事”符合。故選C。C（2022·山東菏澤·三模）LuisMoralesis18yearsoldandcomesfromatinyvillageinColombia.UntilaboutsevenyearsagooneofLuis’sfavoriteswastogointothethickforestaroundhishometohunt（獵殺）wildanimals,especiallybirds.Now,however,heandagroupofotherlocalyouthsworkwithaninternationalorganizationcalledWildlifeWorld,tostudyandprotectthebirdsandtheirenvironment.WildlifeWorldhassetupseveralofthesegroupsacrossthearea.“Informationwegetfromthechildrenhelpsuslearnhowthebirdsandotheranimalsusetheforest,whattheyeatandhowbestwecanprotectthem.Theprojecthasworkedverywellandwehopetosetupmoregroupsinthefuture,”saysarealeaderFelipeRamos.Luisistheoldestandmostexperiencedmemberofhisgroup.“BeforeIjoined,IplannedtobeadoctorandleavethevillageassoonasIwasoldenough,”Luissays.“ButnowIwanttogotouniversity,becomeascientistandreturnheretosavethesebirdsandtheirenvironment.Beingpartofthegrouphashadahugeeffect（影響）onme.”Luisalsospendstimewiththeyoungerchildreninthevillage.“Thereisnotmuchtodohereafterschool,”hesays,“soItrytoaskthemtojoininouractivities.Aswellasbirdwatchingandnaturestudies,wealsododramaandart.Thedramahasbeensuccessfulandwenowhaveatheatergroupof30children.Wetourinthearea,performingdifferentplays.”11．Sevenyearsago,whatwasLuis’sattitudetowardsbirdsintheforest?A．Heknewtheywereindanger.B．Hethoughtitwasfuntohuntthem.C．Hewasnotinterestedinthematall.12．WhatdothechildrendoforWildlifeWorld?A．Theyusetheforestwell.B．Theyhelplookafterwildlife.C．Theyprovidevaluableinformation.13．ToknowwhatLuisdoeswiththeyoungerchildreninhisvillage,wecanread________.A．Paragraph2 B．Paragraph3 C．Paragraph414．Thewriterwrotethepassagemainlyto________.A．explainwhyenvironmentalprotectionisimportantB．showhowWildlifeWorldhaschangedaboyC．suggestwaystohelptheenvironment【答案】11．B

12．C

13．C

14．B【導語】本文主要講述了保護環(huán)境的組織“野生動物世界”的相關內(nèi)容及Luis的相關事跡。11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“UntilaboutsevenyearsagooneofLuis’sfavoriteswastogointothethickforestaroundhishometohunt（獵殺）wildanimals,especiallybirds.”（大約七年前，Luis最喜歡的一件事就是到他家周圍的茂密森林里去獵殺野生動物，尤其是鳥類。）可推斷出七年前Luis覺得獵殺森林中的鳥類很有趣。故選B。12．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Informationwegetfromthechildrenhelpsuslearnhowthebirdsandotheranimalsusetheforest,whattheyeatandhowbestwecanprotectthem.”（我們從孩子們那里獲得的信息幫助我們了解鳥類和其他動物如何利用森林，它們吃什么，以及我們?nèi)绾巫詈玫乇Ｗo它們。）可知孩子們?yōu)橐吧鷦游锸澜缣峁┝擞袃r值的信息。故選C。13．段落大意題。根據(jù)“‘Thereisnotmuchtodohereafterschool,’hesays,‘soItrytoaskthemtojoininouractivities.Aswellasbirdwatchingandnaturestudies,wealsododramaandart”（“放學后這里沒什么可做的，”他說，”所以我試著請他們參加我們的活動。除了觀鳥和自然研究，我們還做戲劇和藝術?！保┛芍谒亩沃饕v述了Luis對村里年幼的孩子做了什么。故選C。14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“UntilaboutsevenyearsagooneofLuis’sfavoriteswastogointothethickforestaroundhishometohunt（獵殺）wildanimals,especiallybirds.Now,however,heandagroupofotherlocalyouthsworkwithaninternationalorganizationcalledWildlifeWorld,tostudyandprotectthebirdsandtheirenvironment”（大約七年前，Luis最喜歡的一件事就是到他家周圍的茂密森林里去獵殺野生動物，尤其是鳥類。然而，現(xiàn)在，他和一群其他當?shù)啬贻p人與一個名為“野生動物世界”的國際組織合作，研究和保護鳥類及其環(huán)境。）可知作者寫這篇文章主要是為了展示“野生動物世界”是如何改變一個男孩的。故選B。D（2022·山東·青島市嶗山區(qū)育才學校二模）DuringtheTangDynasty,EmperorTaizongaskedtheprimeministerFengDeyitolookfortalentedpeople.However,severalmonthspassed,Fengdidn’tfindanyone.“Itriedmybest,buttherearenotunusualandwell-roundedpeopleatall,”Fengsaid.“Peoplearelikeutensils(器物).Whatweneedtodoistomakegooduseoftheirstrengths.Youshouldblame(責怪)yourselffornotnoticingtalentedpeople.Howcouldyousaythattherearenotalentedpeopleinourcountry?”saidtheemperor.Itisreallytruethateachutensilortoolhasaspecificuse.Aknifeismadetocutthingswhilechopsticksaremadetopickupfood.Wecan’tuseaknifeaschopsticks.Likeautensil,eachpersonhasaspecialstrength.Nobodyisperfect.Wecan’texpectapersontobegoodateverything.Withthisideainmind,EmperorTaizongdiscoveredmanytalentedpeopleofdifferentbackgrounds.Heofferedthemimportantpositions,whichhelpedthemmakethemostoftheirtalents.AgoodexampleisMaZhou,whogrewupinapoorfamily.Magavealotofusefuladvice,soEmperorTaizongofferedhimapositionandpromoted(晉升)himmanytimes.Mahelpedtheemperordealwithdifficultproblemsandbecameafamouspersoninhistory.Duringthatperiod,theimportantofficialsaroundEmperorTaizong,suchasFangXuanling,WeiZheng,LiJing,allwerethebrightestandthebestofthetimewiththeirownstrongpoints.EmperorTaizong’stalentedpeoplehelpedthesocietydevelopandcreateda“goldenage”.15．Whycouldn’tFengDeyifindanytalentedpeopleinTaizong’sopinion?A．Hisstandardswerewrong.B．Therewerenotalentedpeoplethen.C．Hewasafraidofbeingreplaced.D．Hewasn’tsatisfiedwiththeemperor.16．Knivesandchopsticksarecomparedto________.A．positions B．backgrounds C．tools D．people17．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“makethemostof”inParagraph5?A．C