高考英語閱讀理解五步法專項(xiàng)帶練(37)講義

（素材來源：重慶市南開中學(xué)20232024學(xué)年高三1月第五次質(zhì)量檢測英語試題）①Theworldfeelslikeit'sbeingsetalight.WildfiresinCanadaandEurope,floodsinChina,andaneverendingstreamofrecordbreakingheatwaveshaveconstantlydominatednewspaperheadlines.Thefeelingthattimeisquicklyrunningoutisveryreal.ButthatfeelingisabarriertoactionNothinghaschangedwhenwe'vecalledforactionbefore,soconsideringtheseeminglylimitedtimewindow.②Ourpasteffortstellusthereisachance.Theworldhassolvedlargeenvironmentalproblemsthatseemedimpossibletoovereatthetime.Aneyeopeningexampleisacidrain.StudyinghowtheworlddealtwiththisGeopoliticallydivisiveproblemcangiveussomeinspirationonhowwecanaddressclimatechangetoday.③Ithasmostlyslippedfromthepublicconversation,butacidrainwastheleadingenvironmentalproblemofthe1990s.Causedbysulfurdioxide（二氧化硫）,itdissolvedoldsculptures,strippedforestsoftheirleaves,andpollutedriversandlakes.EmissionsfromtheUKwouldblowovertoSwedenandNorway;emissionsfromtheUSwouldblowovertoCanada.Thisisaclassicgametheoryproblem;outesdon'tonlydependontheactionsofonecountrybutthoseoftheotherstoo.Eventually,governmentofficialshadtosigninternationalagreements,placeemissionslimitsonpowerplantsandstarttoreducecoalburning.Interventionswereincrediblyeffective.InEurope,sulfurdioxideemissionsfellby84percentandintheUSby90percent.④Surelyclimatechangeisnottheperfectparallelfortheenvironmentalproblemswe'vesolvedbefore.Itwillbeharder.Itwillinvolveeverycountry,richandpoor.Butchangeishappening.Toaccelerateaction,weneedtohavetheexpectationthatthingscanmovefaster.Pastlessonstellusthattheseexpectationsarenotunrealistic.28.Howdoesthesenseofurgencyaffectattitudestoclimatechange?A.Itdiscouragesteamwork.B.Itfuelsdoubtsaboutefforts.C.Itarousesfearfordisasters.D.Itweakenstrustinnewspapers.29.Whydoestheauthordiscussacidrain?A.Toanalyzethecausesofpresentchallenges.B.Toboostpublicconfidenceinthegovernment.C.Tohighlightacidrain'senvironmentaldamage.D.Toofferinsightsintohandlingclimatechange.30.Whatwasthemainchallengeinaddressingacidrain?A.Theseriousnessofthepollution.B.Unequalsharesofresponsibility.C.Seekinginternationalcooperation.D.Reducingsulfurdioxideemissions.31.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetocurrentclimatechangemeasures?A.Unsatisfied.B.Dismissive.C.Optimistic.Approving.【五步法解題】串聯(lián)題干Howdoesthesenseofurgencyaffectattitudestoclimatechange?Whydoestheauthordiscussacidrain?Whatwasthemainchallengeinaddressingacidrain?Whatistheauthor'sattitudetocurrentclimatechangemeasures?主題詞：challenge,climatechange,thesenseofurgency28.Howdoesthesenseofurgencyaffectattitudestoclimatechange?A.Itdiscouragesteamwork.它不利于團(tuán)隊(duì)合作B.Itfuelsdoubtsaboutefforts.這引發(fā)了人們對努力的懷疑C.Itarousesfearfordisasters.它引起了對災(zāi)難的恐懼。D.Itweakenstrustinnewspapers.它削弱了人們對報紙的信任。態(tài)度題做題方法論：①主題詞關(guān)聯(lián)②回文定位（細(xì)節(jié)題題干關(guān)鍵詞定位；看文尾定位）①Theworldfeelslikeit'sbeingsetalight.WildfiresinCanadaandEurope,floodsinChina,andaneverendingstreamofrecordbreakingheatwaveshaveconstantlydominatednewspaperheadlines.Thefeelingthattimeisquicklyrunningoutisveryreal.ButthatfeelingisabarriertoactionNothinghaschangedwhenwe'vecalledforactionbefore,soconsideringtheseeminglylimitedtimewindow.這道題考察的是題干定義總結(jié)歸納或解釋：Thefeelingthattimeisquicklyrunningout=thesenseofurgency（注意：that引導(dǎo)同位語從句補(bǔ)充解釋thefeeling)A.提到Nothinghaschangedwhenwe'vecalledforactionbefore,soconsideringtheseeminglylimitedtimewindow.當(dāng)我們呼吁采取行動時，一切都沒有改變，所以考慮到看似有限的時間。推導(dǎo)所做的東西是無效的，沒有考慮實(shí)質(zhì)問題②Ourpasteffortstellusthereisachance.（我們過去的努力告訴我們還有機(jī)會）Theworldhassolvedlargeenvironmentalproblemsthatseemedimpossibletoovereatthetime.Aneyeopeningexampleisacidrain.StudyinghowtheworlddealtwiththisGeopoliticallydivisiveproblemcangiveussomeinspirationonhowwecanaddressclimatechangetoday.原詞對應(yīng)兩個點(diǎn)加起來推導(dǎo)人們對過去所作的努力存疑這道題注意兩個點(diǎn)：①題干定位，出現(xiàn)同義替換（定義總結(jié)歸納或者解釋）②轉(zhuǎn)折行文邏輯（橫跨兩個段落）29.Whydoestheauthordiscussacidrain?A.Toanalyzethecausesofpresentchallenges.分析當(dāng)前挑戰(zhàn)的原因B.Toboostpublicconfidenceinthegovernment.增強(qiáng)公眾對政府的信心。C.Tohighlightacidrain'senvironmentaldamage.強(qiáng)調(diào)酸雨對環(huán)境的破壞。Toofferinsightsintohandlingclimatechange..提供應(yīng)對氣候變化的見解②Ourpasteffortstellusthereisachance.Theworldhassolvedlargeenvironmentalproblemsthatseemedimpossibletoovereatthetime.Aneyeopeningexampleisacidrain.StudyinghowtheworlddealtwiththisGeopoliticallydivisiveproblemcangiveussomeinspirationonhowwecanaddressclimatechangetoday.這道題考察的是領(lǐng)域詞的詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)（關(guān)于“思考”）+關(guān)鍵詞推斷Pastefforts→chance(機(jī)會)→giveinspiration(給予靈感頭腦種醞釀)→offerinsights(提供見解實(shí)際行動）→知行合一31.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetocurrentclimatechangemeasures?A.Unsatisfied.（負(fù)向，對人或者對物體）不滿意的B.Dismissive.（負(fù)向，對人的社會交往）鄙視的C.Optimistic.（正向，對人的生活）積極的D.Approving.（正向，對人的行為）贊許的態(tài)度題①主題詞關(guān)聯(lián)上一題談到作者對過去方法不滿意，可是現(xiàn)在還不清楚？需要回文定位）②回文定位（尾段）④Surelyclimatechangeisnottheperfectparallelfortheenvironmentalproblemswe'vesolvedbefore.Itwillbeharder.Itwillinvolveeverycountry,richandpoor.Butchangeishappening.Toaccelerateaction,weneedtohavetheexpectationthatthingscanmovefaster.（為了加快行動，我們需要有這樣的預(yù)期，即事情可以發(fā)展得更快。）Pastlessonstellusthattheseexpectationsarenotunrealistic.事情可以發(fā)展得很快→可是目前還沒有做到→不滿意（正話反說）30.Whatwasthemainchallengeinaddressingacidrain?A.Theseriousnessofthepollution.(沒有提及）污染的嚴(yán)重性。B.Unequalsharesofresponsibility.（沒有提及）責(zé)任分擔(dān)不均等C.Seekinginternationalcooperation.（合理，關(guān)鍵詞對應(yīng)）尋求國際合作。D.Reducingsulfurdioxideemissions.（因果顛倒，考察的是酸雨的結(jié)果）減少二氧化硫排放③Ithasmostlyslippedfromthepublicconversation,butacidrainwastheleadingenvironmentalproblemofthe1990s.Causedbysulfurdioxide（二氧化硫）,itdissolvedoldsculptures,strippedforestsoftheirleaves,andpollutedriversandlakes.EmissionsfromtheUKwouldblowovertoSwedenandNorway;emissionsfromtheUSwouldblowovertoCanada.Thisisaclassicgametheoryproblem;outesdon'tonlydependontheactionsofonecountrybutthoseoftheotherstoo.Eventually,governmentofficialshadtosigninternationalagreements,placeemissionslimitsonpowerplantsandstarttoreducecoalburning.Interventionswereincrediblyeffective.InEurope,sulfurdioxideemissionsfellby84percentandintheUSby90percent.這道題考察的是順序的行文邏輯以及原詞對應(yīng)?！局鹁浞g】①Theworldfeelslikeit'sbeingsetalight.整個世界都像是被點(diǎn)燃了【超綱詞解析】Alightvi.下來;飛落;偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)，碰到;降落adj.點(diǎn)著的，點(diǎn)亮的;燒著的，燒起的【記憶】速記a強(qiáng)調(diào)+light→一直有光就是在燃燒一點(diǎn)燃Herdresscaughtalightinthefire.她的衣服讓火燒著了。WildfiresinCanadaandEurope,floodsinChina,andaneverendingstreamofrecordbreakingheatwaveshaveconstantlydominatednewspaperheadlines.加拿大和歐洲的野火，中國的洪水，以及永無止境的破紀(jì)錄的熱浪不斷出現(xiàn)在報紙頭版。Thefeelingthattimeisquicklyrunningoutisveryreal.句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時間飛逝的感覺是非常真實(shí)的?！竟潭ù钆浣馕觥縍unout用完；耗盡Conditionsaregettingworseandsuppliesarerunningout...情況越來越糟糕，貯備物資也快用完了。ButthatfeelingisabarriertoactionNothinghaschangedwhenwe'vecalledforactionbefore,soconsideringtheseeminglylimitedtimewindow.但這種感覺是行動的障礙——當(dāng)我們之前呼吁采取行動時，一切都沒有改變，所以考慮到看似有限的時間窗口?！竟潭ù钆浣馕觥緾allfor去接（某人）;去?。澄铮?需要;要求Theceasefireresolutioncallsforthereleaseofallprisonersofwar.?；饹Q議要求釋放所有戰(zhàn)俘。②Ourpasteffortstellusthereisachance.句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：tellus省略了連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句我們過去的努力告訴我們還有機(jī)會。Theworldhassolvedlargeenvironmentalproblemsthatseemedimpossibletoovereatthetime.句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：that引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾environmentalproblems世界已經(jīng)解決了當(dāng)時似乎不可能克服的重大環(huán)境問題。Aneyeopeningexampleisacidrain.酸雨就是一個令人大開眼界的例子。StudyinghowtheworlddealtwiththisGeopoliticallydivisiveproblemcangiveussomeinspirationonhowwecanaddressclimatechangetoday.研究世界如何應(yīng)對這一地緣政治分歧問題，可以為我們今天如何應(yīng)對氣候變化提供一些靈感。③Ithasmostlyslippedfromthepublicconversation,butacidrainwastheleadingenvironmentalproblemofthe1990s.酸雨是上世紀(jì)90年代最主要的環(huán)境問題，但它基本上已經(jīng)從公眾的談話中消失了。Causedbysulfurdioxide（二氧化硫）,itdissolvedoldsculptures,strippedforestsoftheirleaves,andpollutedriversandlakes.句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：caused非謂語動詞做伴隨狀語由二氧化硫(二氧化硫)引起，它溶解了古老的雕塑，剝?nèi)チ松值娜~子，污染了河流和湖泊。EmissionsfromtheUKwouldblowovertoSwedenandNorway;emissionsfromtheUSwouldblowovertoCanada.英國的排放將被吹到瑞典和挪威;美國的溫室氣體排放將被吹到加拿大。Thisisaclassicgametheoryproblem;outesdon'tonlydependontheactionsofonecountrybutthoseoftheotherstoo.這是一個經(jīng)典的博弈論問題;結(jié)果不僅取決于一個國家的行動，也取決于其他國家的行動。Eventually,governmentofficialshadtosigninternationalagreements,placeemissionslimitsonpowerplantsandstarttoreducecoalburning.最終，政府官員不得不簽署國際協(xié)議，對發(fā)電廠設(shè)定排放限制，并開始減少燃煤。Interventionswereincrediblyeffective.干預(yù)措施非常有效。InEurope,sulfurdioxideemissionsfellby84percentandintheUSby90percent.在歐洲，二氧化硫排放量下降了84%，在美國下降了90%。④