英語閱讀與寫作課件

UnitTwoWho’sAfraidofMathsAnyway?2MenuLeadInActivityStudyoftheTextStudyofWordsandPhrasesGrammarTipsPracticalWritingQuestion1.Ifyouhadachoice,wouldyouchoosetobeamanorawoman?whyorwhynot?2.Whydoboysachievemoreinscienceandmaths?1.ReadIn2.Paragraph1,Line1-53.Paragraph1,Line5-94.Paragraph25.Paragraph36.Paragraph47.Paragraph58.Paragraph6ReadInManypeoplebelievethatboysusuallydobetterinmathematicsandsciencesubjectsthangirlsHowever,fewpeoplebothertolookdeeperintotheissuetofindoutthereasonsbehindthisbelief.Whydoboysachievemoreinscienceandmathematics?Areboysreallybrighter?Oraregirlsbeingheldbackforonereasonoranother?翻譯：許多人認為男孩在數(shù)學(xué)及理科方面通常比女孩強,然而,很少有人肯花功夫就此做更深入的調(diào)查以找出其中的原因.為什么男孩在理科及數(shù)學(xué)方面更有成就呢?是男孩真的要強一些,還是這樣或那樣的原因阻礙了女孩在這方面的發(fā)展.TEXTPara1,line1—5Scientistshavetriedtocomeupwithbiologicalexplanationsforthedifferencebetweenboysandgirls.However,nonewereconvincing

enoughtoexplainthegeneralpicture.Asonescientistpointsout,“Thereareslightgeneticdifferencesbetweenthesexesatbirthwhichmayinfluencethesubjectsboysandgirlschoose.翻譯:科學(xué)家們一直謀略從生物學(xué)的角度來解釋男孩女孩間的這種差異.但是,沒有哪種解釋足以令人信服地說明一般的情況.正如一位科學(xué)家指出的:“孩子出生時會影響其學(xué)科選擇,他的遺傳差異是微乎其微的.”Newwordsandphrases(1)Anyway:inanycase1.eg:Iknowyoudon’tlikeit,butIdon’tcare.Anyway,youcantry.我知道你不喜歡它,但我不介意,不管怎樣你要試下.2.eg:Thankyouanyway.還是謝謝你.(2)Comeupwith:提出1.eg:Hecameupwithanewidea.他提出一個新的想法。2.eg:Theycameupwithagoodexcuseforbeinglateforthemeeting.他們?yōu)殚_會遲到提出了個好借口。(3)None(+ofsb./sth.)指前文的復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞；不可數(shù)名詞或代詞。1.不定代詞。一個也沒有Eg:Noneoftheguestswanttostay.Eg:Noneofthemhas(have)comeback.2.副詞毫不,決不Eg:thesalarytheypaymeisnonetoohigh.3.nonebut只有Eg:Nonebutfoolshavebelieved.(4)Convincev.(+sbofsth)說服persuade1.eg:Shefailedtoconvincehimofhismistake.她無法使他明白他的錯誤.2.eg:Hemanagedtoconvincethejurythathewastellingthetruth.他決定使法官相信他說的是事實.Convincing:adj.令人信服的persuasiveConvincingargument(5)Enough:足夠形容詞/副詞+enough+名詞Eg:Heisfoolishenoughtotryitwithouthelp.Eg:enoughfood(6)Pointout:indicate指出Eg:Iwouldliketopointoutyourmistakes.我想指出你的錯誤.(7)Atbirth:出生時Bybirth:生來Eg:Heisanoblebybirth.(8)Influence:v.haveaneffecton影響1.eg:It’syourchoice,don’tletanyoneelseinfluenceyou.這是你的選擇,不要讓別人影響你.2.eg:Hisloveforourcountryinfluencedme.他對我們國家的愛影響著我.n.影響eg:Herwordshadastronginfluenceonhim.她的話對他有很強的影響.Para1.line5—9Butthedifficultyisthatbythetimechildrenreachschoolage,therearesomanyotherinfluencesthatitisalmostimpossibletotellwhethergirlsareworseatscienceandmaths,orwhetherthey’vebeenbroughtuptothinkofthesesubjectsasboys’‘territory’.”翻譯:問題在于孩子到了上學(xué)年齡時,受其他因素的影響太多,以至我們無法搞清楚,女孩在理科和數(shù)學(xué)方面是本來就差呢,還是在她們成長的過程中被灌輸了‘這些學(xué)科屬于男孩領(lǐng)域’的思想.(9)bringup:raise,educatesb.養(yǎng)育eg:Marybroughtuphersononherown.瑪麗親手養(yǎng)育她的兒子.eg:JohnwasborninBeijingbutbroughtupinShanghai.約翰出生有北京但在上海被帶大.(10)thinkof…as:regardas把…看作eg:Shethoughtofthegirlasherowndaughter.她把女孩看作自己的女兒.Para2,line10—16Statisticsshowthatinmathematics,atleast,girlsareequaltoboys.Arecentreportsuggeststhatgirlsonlystopstudyingmathematicsbecauseofsocialattitudes.Oneofthereport’sauthorssays,“Whileitissociallyunacceptableforpeoplenottobeabletoreadandwrite,itisstillacceptableforwomentosaythattheyare‘hopeless’atmaths.Ourresearchshowsthat,althoughgirlsgetmarkswhichareasgoodastheboys,theyhavenotbeenencouragedtodoso.”翻譯:有統(tǒng)計數(shù)字表明,至少在數(shù)學(xué)方面,女孩和男孩的能力不相上下.最近一份報告顯示,女孩子不愿繼續(xù)學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)只是因為受到社會觀念的影響.寫這份報告的其中一位作者說:“文盲不能被社會所接受,而如果女性說她們對數(shù)學(xué)感到絕望,這種說法仍然是可以接受的.我們的研究表明,盡管女孩能得到和男孩一樣好的分數(shù),卻沒有人鼓勵她們這樣做.(11)becauseof:followedbyanoun,pronounorverbin–ingform,meaning“asaresultof”because:followedbyaclause,meaning“forthereasonthat”eg:Becauseoftherain,thesportsmeetingwasputofftillnextFriday.因為下雨,運動會延遲到下周五.eg:Janewaslateforworkbecausehercarbrokedown.簡遲到是因為車子壞了.(12)as…as與…一樣as+形容詞/副詞原級+asas+形+a+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+aseg:Ourcountryisasbeautifulasyours.eg:Sheisascleverastudentasanyothers.(13)encourage:v.(+sb.todosth.)鼓勵eg:Heencouragedmetoworkhardinschool.Para3.Theexplanationforthedifference,whichisapparentduringtheteenageyears,goesasfarbackasearlychildhoodexperiences.Fromtheirfirstdaysinnurseryschool,girlsarenotencouragedtoworkontheirownortocompletetasks,althoughboysare.Forexample,boysandnotgirls.areoftenaskedto“help”withrepairwork.Thisencouragementleadstoawayoflearninghowtosolveproblemslateroninlife.Evidenceshowsthatexceptionalmathematiciansandscientistsdidnothaveteacherswhosuppliedanswers:theyhadtofindoutforthemselves.翻譯:要解釋在少年時代十分明顯的這一差異,可以追溯到童年時代初期的經(jīng)歷.從開始上幼兒園時起,就沒有人鼓勵女孩自己動手完成任務(wù),而男孩卻相反.例如,通常要求男孩,而不是女孩,幫助做一些修理工作,這樣的鼓勵使男孩學(xué)會了在以后的生活中如何解決問題.有證據(jù)表明那些杰出的數(shù)學(xué)家及科學(xué)家,他們的老師都不會為他們提供答案,他們得自己去尋求答案.(14)goback(to)追溯至eg:ThisfestivalgoesbacktoRomantimes.這個節(jié)日要追溯至羅馬時代.(15)leadto:resultin導(dǎo)致eg:Toolittlerestoftenleadstoillness.太少的休息經(jīng)常導(dǎo)致生病.eg:Hardworkleadstosuccess.努力工作會成功.(16)Onone’sown獨立地Eg:Hedidhishomeworkonhisown.他自己做完作業(yè).(17)Evidence:wordsorthingsthatprovesth.證據(jù)Eg:Therewasn’tenoughevidencetoprovehimguilty.沒有足夠的證據(jù)證明他有罪.(18)Exceptional:outstanding杰出的Eg:Theexceptionalplayerwonthechampionship.這個杰出的運動員贏得冠軍.Eg:Thegirlhasexceptionalabilitiesasawriter.這個女孩有成為作家的杰出能力.(19)Supply:v.提供,供給Supplier:n.供應(yīng)商Supply+sb.withsth.Supply+sth.tosbEg:supplypeoplewithgasSupplygastopeoplePara4.Afurtherreportonmathsteachingrevealsthatteachersseemtogivemoreattentiontoboysthantogirls.Mostteacherswhotookpartinthestudyclaimedthattheyexpecttheirmalestudentstodobetteratmathematicsandsciencesubjectsthantheirfemalestudents.Allofthistendstoencourageboystoworkharderinthesesubjects,andgivesthemconfidenceandconvincesthemthattheycansucceed.翻譯:一份有關(guān)數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)的報告表明,老師給予男孩的關(guān)注似乎比女孩多.參加研究的大多數(shù)老師聲稱,他們期望男生能在數(shù)理化方面勝于女生.這一切都鼓勵男孩在這些科目上更加努力,增強了他們的信心,并使他們相信自己能成功.(20)Reveal:v.makeknown;showEg:Whathesaidrevealedasecret.(21)Takepartin:attendEg:Theytookanactivepartinthesportsmeeting.(22)Claim:v.聲稱eg:Heclaimedhehadacollegedegree.要求ClaimtheprotectionofthelawN.要求Hisclaimtoownthehouseisinvalid.(23)Tend:behelpful易于Tendtodosth.Plantstendtodieinhotweather.Para5.Interestingly,bothboysandgirlstendtoregardsuch“masculine”subjectslikemathematicsandscienceasdifficult.Yetithasbeensuggestedthatgirlsavoidmathematicscourses,notbecausetheyaredifficult,butforsocialreasons.翻譯:有趣的是,男孩和女孩都認為像數(shù)理化這種“屬于陽性”的科目很難.但是,也有人認為女孩不愿學(xué)數(shù)學(xué),并不要因為這些科目難,而是出于社會原因.(24)Suggest:建議表建議propose，命令order，要求demand，及其派生的同根名詞后面的主語、表語、同位語從句中謂語用虛擬,即(should)+動詞原形Eg:Hesuggestedthatwe(should)gothere.Eg:Itisrequiredthattheequipmentshouldbetested.

(25)Avoid:v.Keepawayfrom避免Avoid+n./pron/v.ingEg:Weavoidedanaccident.Eg:Youcanhardlyavoidmeetingher.其它的如：Mind,finish,enjoy,miss,can’thelp+doingEg:Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?Para6.Mathematicsandsciencearemainlymasculinesubjects,andtherefore,asgirlsbecometeenagers,theyarelesslikelyto

takethemup.Girlsdonotseemtowanttobeinopencompetitionwithboys.Neitherdotheywanttodobetterthan

boysbecausetheyareafraidtoappearlessfeminineandso,lessattractive.翻譯:數(shù)理化主要是男孩的科目,因此,女孩成為青少年的時候,便不再花更多的精力在這些科目上.女孩似乎不想與男孩進行公開競爭,她們也不想比男孩學(xué)得更好,因為她們害怕因此顯得男孩子氣而失去吸引力.(26)Beliketodo:可能人或物作主語Eg:Heisliketocomehere.Eg:Itisliketorain.(27)Takeup:begintodoorlearnEg:Hehastakenupphotographyasahobby.Eg:Hetookuppaintingattheageoffive.(28)Neitherdotheywanttodobetterthanboys.否定詞neither,nor,never,半否定詞seldom,hardly,rarely放在句首，句子要部分倒裝。如：eg:Hecanhardlybelieveit.→Hardlycanhebelieveit.eg:Irarelysawthebeautifulsunset.→RarelydidIseethebeautifulsunset.Grammar

名詞的復(fù)數(shù)一規(guī)則的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化1.一般的名詞,直接加s.Year-years,day-days2.以o結(jié)尾,加es.Potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes,但radio,piano,photo除外,它們加s.3.以f或fe結(jié)尾,去f或fe,加ves.Knife-knives,wife-wives4.以s,ch,sh,x結(jié)尾,加esBus-buses,watch-watches,brush-brushes,box-boxes5.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾,去y改i加esFactory-factories,baby-babies1.單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,aircraft2.合成名詞變復(fù)數(shù),將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)Sisters-in-law,boystudents,lookers-on3.如沒有主體名詞,就在最后一個詞加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾Go-betweens,draw-backs二不規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化4.由man和woman構(gòu)成的合成名詞,兩者都變復(fù)數(shù).Mandoctor----mendoctorsWomanservant----womenservants5.有些名詞在固定詞組中一定要用復(fù)數(shù)形式.Takepains,makefriendswith,shakehandswith6.以-is結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時將變?yōu)?esThesis—theses,axis---axesBasis---basesWriting

BusinessCardsCompanyNameTitle

Address1PhoneAddress2FaxCity,StateZipe-mailUnitfour

MovingfromDetroittoHobbs

KeyVocabularyDiscussingthequestionTextpresentationandlanguagepoints

StudyofwordsandphrasesUSAmapKeyVocabulary1.Accidentallyn.accident車禍、故adj.accidental偶然地Eg:Imetherinthestreetaccidentally.2.Adjust適應(yīng)、調(diào)整、使適應(yīng)Eg:Imustadjustmyselftotheuniversitylifeassoonaspossible.

3.appoint委派、任命、約定n.appointment約定、makeanappointmentEg.ItisreallybeyondourbeliefthatTomwasappointedmarketingmanager.4.celebrate慶祝n.celebration5.civilization.文明v.civilize使文明、使開化adj.Civilized文明的6.Climate氣候adj.Climatic氣候的n.climatology氣候?qū)W7.concern使擔(dān)心、使關(guān)心prep.concerning關(guān)于、涉及到beconcernedabout擔(dān)心、憂慮Eg.Ihavebeenbeingconcernedaboutmyparents’health.8.conscious意識到的n.consciousnessBeconsciousof意識到Eg.IamconsciousofthemistakesIhavemade.9.curiosity好奇心adj.Curious好奇的10.evaporate蒸發(fā)n.evaporation

11.fringe邊緣onthefringeof在---邊緣Eg.Onthefringeofdeath12.graciouslyadj.gracious有禮貌的、得體的13.hostess女主人host男主人waiter男招待員waitress女招待員14.humidityadj.Humid潮濕的

15.idealn.idea16.industrialn.industryn.industrialization工業(yè)化adjindustrialized工業(yè)化的adj.Industrious勤勞的17.moistureadj.Moist濕的18.moreover=what’smore=furthermore此外、而且19.occurn.occurrence發(fā)生Eg.Anideaoccursinmyheadsuddenly.

20.Punctual.N.punctuality守時Eg.Punctualityisveryimportantforeveryoneintheintercourse.21.Rarelyhardlyscarcelyseldom都表示幾乎不的意思22.speculationadj.Speculate推測、猜想

Textpresentationandlanguagepoints

Line1-71.---theycriedasifIwereleavingthecountryandmovingtoaforeignland.Asif:inawaythatsuggeststhatsomethingistrue.Eg:A.Hebehavedasifnothinghadhappened.B.Irememberthewholethingasifithappenedyesterday.c.Sheclosedhereyesasifshetoowereverytired.

Line8-142.First,Ihadtogetusedtothechangeinclimate.Getusedto:learntoacceptsomethingEg:A.Hehadgotusedtogettingupearlyinthemorning.B.ThefoodinJapanisstrangeatfirst,butyou’llsoongetusedtoit.3.EventhoughtheweatherinMichiganisnotideal,itwaswhatIhadknownallmylife.1)Eventhough:inspiteofthefactthat

Examples:A.Theywillsupportyoueventhoughyoudon’tsucceed.B.EventhoughIhavetowalkalltheway,I’llgetthere.2)ideal:mostsuitableEg:A.Thatwouldbeanidealplaceforapicnic.B.Itwouldbeidealifshecouldstayforanothertwoweeks.4.Inhobbsanymoisturethatmayaccidentally

occurimmediatelyevaporates.1)accidentally:happeningunexpectedlyorbychance.

Eg:Ionlymetheraccidentally.2)occur:comeintobeing,happenEg:A.Thedoctorinquiredwhathadoccurred.B.Theaccidentoccurredonlyminutesaftertakeoff.Lines15—25.Insteadofseveralmajornewspapers,avarietyoflocalradioandtelevisionchannels…1)insteadof:inplaceofEg:insteadofFlorida,let’sgotoMexicothissummer.

5.EveryoneinDetroitisonthemove…Onthemove:active;movingordevelopingEg:Peopleinbigcitiesarealwaysonthemove.Lines40-476.IhavenowlivedinHobbsforayear,andIfindthatIamslowingdowntoo.Slowdown:makeorbecomeslowerEg:Thetrainbegantoslowdownasitapproachedthestation.

USAMAP

Studyofwordsandphrases一生allone’slife背井離鄉(xiāng)leavethecountryandmovetoaforeignland一件大事amajorevent應(yīng)邀參加beinvitedin緩慢下來slowdown

習(xí)慣于getusedto偶然出現(xiàn)accidentallyoccur忙碌、奔波onthemove引起興奮的源頭asourceofrealexcitement約定的時間theappointedtime意識到beconsciousofhomeworkPleasewriteacompositionaboutthelifeaboutlivinginabigcity.Pleaserecitesomekeywords.Pleasediscusssomeproblemsregardingtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesaboutlivinginabigcityorasmalltown.UNITFIVEWinningatAllCostsHighlightsTopic:SportsandDrugsGrammarTips:ComparativeFormReadingSkills:UsingtheLogicofaPassagetoFindOuttheMeaningsofWordsPracticalReading:ReadingaFactSheetPracticalWriting:FaxStudyGuide:LearningYourWayAroundUNITFIVE

LeadIn

BackgroundInformation

Text

NewWordsandPhrases

Translation

WorkOut

FunTime

LeadIn

Question:

Therearealotofwaystokeepusfit,whichway(s)doyoulikemost?Whyorwhynot?

Ideas:

ahealthydietphysicalexerciselivingconditionstakingdrugs

BackgroundInformation

Doyouknowwhattheyare?Opium(鴉片)Dancingoutreach(搖頭丸)Heroin(海洛因)Icedrug(冰毒)Doyouknowwhattheyare?Allofthesearedrugs.Sokeepawayfromthem!TEXTReadInParagraphOne(Lines1-6)ParagraphTwo(Lines7-13)ParagraphThree(Lines14-18)ParagraphFour&ParagraphFive

(Lines19-20)&(Lines21-26)ParagraphSix(Lines27-31)ParagraphSeven(Lines32-39)ReadIn

Itiseveryathlete’slifelongdreamtobeaworldwinner.However,inthefaceofkeencompetitionforthechampionship,winningagoldmedalmustbeadifficulttaskaswellasarealchallenge.Howcanonewin?Towinatallcosts?Evenatthecostoftakingillegaldrugs?

譯文WinningatAllCosts

ParagraphOne

Allovertheworld,manykindsofdrugsareusedbyathletescompetinginsports.Someareusedtobuildmusclesorgivetheathleteextrastrength.Otherskillthepainofinjuriesorcalmnerves.Manyofthemhaveserioussideeffects

andareharmfultothebodywhenusedoveralongperiodoftime.Someofthemareillegalandathletesarenotallowedtotakethembeforeanevent.譯文ParagraphTwo

Therisksofdisqualificationandbodilydamageseemtohavelittleeffecton

someathletes.PerhapsthemostfamousofthemallisBenJohnson.In1988,thisCanadianathletebecamethefastestmanintheworldrecordwhiledoingso.However,whenitwasprovedthathehadreliedon

drugstogainthetitle,BenJohnsonwasstrippedof

themedalandsenthomeimmediately.Hewasbannedfrominternationalathleticsfortwoyears.譯文ParagraphThree

Takingsubstancestoimprovesportsperformancesisnotnew.AthletesinancientEgyptdrankamixtureofboiledleavesandrosepetalsbeforearace.Theseathletesbelievedthatthedrinkwouldmakethemwinnersoftheirevents.Thewinnerofthe200metersattheOlympicGamesof668B.C.inancientGreeceusedaspecialdietoffigs.譯文

ParagraphFour&ParagraphFive

Withthedevelopmentofmedicalscience,modernathleteshaveanevenwiderchoicewhenitcomesto

pillsanddrugs.Manyathletestakestimulantstohelpthemperformwellincompetitions.Stimulantsmaketheuserfeelfullofenergyandconfidence.Ontheotherhand,theycanalsomakeapersonill-temperedandviolent.Althoughtheyareofficiallybannedinsport,itisaknownfactthatmanycyclists,basketballandfootballplayersusestimulantstomakethemmorecompetitive.譯文ParagraphSix

Someathletesalsotakedrugsnormallyusedtorelievestressinpatientswhosufferfrom

highbloodpressureorwhohaveheartproblems.Snookerplayers,archersandthosewhoshootincompetitionallneedsteadyhandsandcoolnerves.Itisbelievedthatsomeathleteshavetakenthese“calmers”forthesereasons.譯文ParagraphSeven

Allthesedrugscancauseserioushealthproblemsiftakeninlargedoses.Forexample,stimulantsareverydangerous.Theydonotcreateenergy—theytakeitfromthebody.Eventually,usersfeeltiredandwashedout.Thereisalsoadangerofhavingaheartattackwhendoinghardexercise.Thisisbecausepeoplewhotakestimulantsthinktheycankeepgoingandtheypushtheirbodiestoofar.ABritishcyclist,TommySimpson,andLenBias,anAmericanbasketballplayer,bothdiedfromanoverdoseofstimulants.譯文NewWordsandPhraseslifelong

adj.畢生的，終身的eg:mylifelongfriendkeenadj.

強烈的，激烈的；聰明的，敏銳的bekeenonsth./doingsth.熱衷于，渴望championshipn.優(yōu)勝；冠軍頭銜championn.冠軍champagnen.香檳酒champaignn.大平原；原野campaignn.戰(zhàn)役；運動challengev.向…挑戰(zhàn)eg:Ichallengedhimtoagameoftennis.n.挑戰(zhàn)eg:Heaccepthisfriend’schallengetoswimacrosstheriver.atallcosts不惜代價eg:Wardestroyseverythingandshouldbepreventedatallcosts.competev.競爭competent

adj.有能力的，能干的competitionn.競爭，比賽competitiveadj.競爭性的competitorn.競爭者，對手extra:additionaladj.額外的eg:Theyweredemandingextrapayfor

extrawork.Weagreedonapricebutafterwardstheywanted10dollarsextra.sideeffect副作用eg:Sleepingdrugsoftenhaveharmfulhabit-formingsideeffects.

Onesideeffectofmodernlifeisstress.harmfuladj.有害的；傷害的harmlessadj.無害的；無損失的harmn./v.傷害，損害；危害eg:Theshipwascaughtinabadstorm,butitcametonoharm.

eventn.A.項目eg:Thenexteventwillbethe100-meterrace.B.事件eg:thechiefeventof2004inanyevent

無論如何intheeventofsth.

如果，假若eg:Intheeventofrain,thepartywillbeheldindoors.

disqualificationn.取消資格disqualifyv.使…不適合，使無資格，使不能eg:Hewonthegamebutwaslater

disqualifiedbecausehecheated.bodilyadj.身體的，肉體的eg:Helikeshisbodilycomforts.adv.(指動作)全體地，整個地eg:Hepickedthechildupbodilyandcarriedhertobed.haveaneffecton影響eg:Thatdrinkhashadquiteaneffectonhim.

Theadvertisingcampaigndidn’thave

mucheffectonsales.relyon:dependon信任，信賴，依靠eg:Thatboy’shopeless—youcan’trelyon

himtodoanything.Youcan’trelyontheweather.

這天氣可說不準。titlen.A.頭銜

eg:Hewontheworldheavyweighttitle

lastyear.B.名稱，標題

eg:Thetitleoftheplayis“Hamlet”.C.所有權(quán)

eg:Dotheyhaveanytitletothisland.stripof

剝奪eg:

Hewasstrippedofallhispossessions.banv.

明令禁止eg:Thegovernmenthasbannedtheuseofchemicalweapons.n.

禁令eg:There’sabanonsmokingintheaters.athleticsn.體育運動，競技athleticadj.運動的，運動的，體格健壯的athleten.運動員，體育家substancen.物質(zhì)，藥物eg:Water,iceandsnowarethesame

substanceindifferentforms.IwastoldthatJohnsonusedtobea

substanceabuser.mixturen.混合物eg:Theatmosphereismixtureofseveralgases.mix

v.混合eg:Oilandwaterdon’tmix.boiledadj.煮熟的boilingpoint沸點freezingpoint冰點medical

adj.醫(yī)學(xué)的，醫(yī)療的，醫(yī)術(shù)的，醫(yī)藥的eg:amedicalstudentamedicalexaminationmedicinen.藥，醫(yī)學(xué)cometo+doing/sth.A.談到，關(guān)于

eg:Joeisnotgoodatsports,butwhenitcomestoEnglishheisthebestinhisclass.B.達到

eg:Ithascometomynoticethatsomemoneyismissing.C.突然想起eg:Suddenlythewordsofthesongcametome.

突然間，我想起這首歌的歌詞來了。stimulantn.興奮劑，刺激物，鼓舞stimulatev.A.刺激eg:Exercisestimulatesthebody.

鍛煉促進身體活動。B.鼓勵

eg:Shewasstimulatedintonewefforts.

她受到鼓勵做出新的努力。confidencen.信心，自信eg:Wehavefullconfidencethatourteamwillwinthegame.Graduallyhegainedconfidence

inhimself.confidentadj.有自信的，可靠的，大膽的officiallyadv.正式地，官方地officialadj.官方的，官員的，正式的n.官員，高級職員officern.軍官，警察sufferv.遭受，承受eg:Susansufferedagreatlosswhenherhouseburneddown.sufferfrom

經(jīng)受eg:Myfathersuffersfromheadaches.

我父親經(jīng)常頭痛。dosen.液態(tài)藥(物)，一劑，一服eg:Takeonedose,threetimesaday.adoseofhardwork

一份苦差事overdosen.服藥過量eg:Hediedbytakinganoverdose.createv.創(chuàng)造，創(chuàng)建eg:Godcreatedtheworld.creationn.創(chuàng)造，建立；作品；宇宙，萬物eg:Manisthelordofcreation.

人類為萬物之靈。creativeadj.有創(chuàng)造力的，創(chuàng)造性的creaturen.動物，生物eg:creaturefromouterspace

eventually

：atlast;intheendadv.最后eg:Heeventuallyrealizedthathehadmisunderstoodhisfather.eventual

adj.最后的eg:theeventualsuccessofhiseffortsbewashedoutA.筋疲力盡

eg:Shewaswashedoutafteralongday’swork.B.沖垮，破壞，毀掉

eg:Thebaseballgamewaswashedout(byrain).

那場棒球賽泡湯了。washout

洗掉

eg:Wassheabletowashthedirtymarkoutofhercoat.Translation

成為一名冠軍是每個運動員終身的夢想，但面對眾多的競爭者，贏得獎牌又是如此艱難。怎么贏呢？不惜一切代價？甚至不惜服用違禁品？不惜一切贏得勝利

（第一段）

參加體育比賽的世界各國運動員都要服用各種藥物。有些可用于增長肌肉或使運動員增強超常的力量，另一些可起消除傷痛或鎮(zhèn)靜神經(jīng)的作用。許多藥物如果長時間服用會產(chǎn)生嚴重的副作用而且對身體有害。其中有一些是違禁藥品，不允許運動員在賽前服用。（第二段）

然而取消比賽資格和對身體造成損害的風(fēng)險對于某些運動員并無多少影響。其中最有名的是本·約翰遜。1988年，這位加拿大選手因服用違禁藥品而成為世界紀錄中跑得最快的人。然而，本·約翰遜靠藥物贏得金牌的事一經(jīng)查實，他的金牌立刻被取消，他本人也被遣送回家。他被禁止參加國際比賽兩年。

（第三段）靠服用藥物來提高比賽成績并不是新鮮事。古埃及運動員在賽前飲用一種用煮熟的草葉和玫瑰花瓣混合的飲料，這些運動員相信那種飲料能幫助自己在各自的賽項中成為冠軍。公元前668年在古希臘舉行的奧運會上，200米賽跑冠軍就食用了一種原料為無花果的特質(zhì)食品。（第四、五段）

隨著醫(yī)藥科學(xué)的發(fā)展，現(xiàn)代運動員在服用藥物發(fā)面有了范圍更廣的選擇。許多運動員服用興奮劑來提高自己在比賽中的成績。興奮劑能使服用者感到精力充沛，充滿自信。另一方面，也能使人脾氣暴躁，變得暴戾。盡管這些藥物在體育賽事中被明令禁止，但眾所周知的是，許多自行車運動員、籃球運動員和足球運動員都服用興奮劑，以增強自己的競爭力。（第六段）

有些運動員也服用鎮(zhèn)靜藥，這類藥通常是高血壓或心臟病患者使用的。臺球運動員、射箭選手和射擊選手都需要冷靜的頭腦和平穩(wěn)的雙手，一些運動員服用此類“鎮(zhèn)靜劑”的原因正在于此。（第七段）

如果大劑量服用，這些藥物都會帶來嚴重的健康問題。例如，興奮劑就非常危險。興奮劑本身并不能產(chǎn)生能量，它們吸取身體內(nèi)部的能量。最終，服用者會感到疲倦，甚至精疲力竭。做劇烈運動時還有突發(fā)心臟病的危險，這是因為服用興奮劑的人以為自己能夠堅持下去，因而會運動過量。英國自行車選手湯米·辛普森和美國籃球運動員萊恩·比亞斯都死于過量服用興奮劑。WorkOutCompletethesentenceswiththeproperformsofthewordsgiveninparentheses.1.Thepartyhasbecomedeeply(nerve)_______aboutthepossibilityoflosingthenextelection.2.He(mixture)______bluepaintwithyellowpainttoproduceagreencolour.nervousmixed3.Thefood(final)______arrivedattheendoflastweekandthehungrypeoplejumpedhappily.4.Youdrovetoofastroundthatcorner–itwasa(risk)______thingtodo.5.Mr.Heathhaspromisedtore-employa(substance)________numberofworkers.6.Needletreatmentcanbringgreat(relieve)______tothepatients.finallyriskysubstantialrelief7.Themanageris(confidence)_______aboutthewaybusinessisprogressing.8.Hemeansno(harmful)______bysayingwhathethinks.9.Thereisno(rely)______informationaboutlastyear’sproduction.10.Severalfirmshaveunitedto(competitive)______againstthebiggestoneinthiscity.confidentharmreliablecompeteFunTime

Rushon!Herearetwoquestions.Answerthemasfastaspossible.Ready?Begin!

1.TodayisWednesday.Bobcameherefourdaysago.Marycametwodaysearlierthanhedid.

Question:OnwhatdaydidMarycome?

Answer:Thursday.

2.OldMacDonaldhadafarm.Onthefarmthereweresomecows.Fiveofthemwereyellow,eightofthemwerebrown,andtheotherswereblackandwhite.NowJohnnycametoseeOldMacDonald.Hewantedtoborrowablackcowfromhim.

Question:CouldOldMacDonaldlendhimablackcow?

Answer:No.

Unitsix

Entertainment

Whyareweaddictedtosoaps?UnitsixText

PreviewContextAnalysisPhrasesandnewwordsTextStudyTestyourselfVocabularyfileSentencemakingFuntimeDiscussionAreyouoneofthosewhowouldgluetotelevisionwatchingtheirfavoriteserialseverynight?Whyorwhynot?ParaphrasesofdifficultsentencesinthetextLine6-7Thesoapoperahassucceedincapturingtheimaginationoftheentertainmentworld.Line21-22Ifafavoritecharacterisunfairlytreated,thisusuallyprovokesstrongreactions?Line35-36Adramaticincidentsuchasanargumentisdeliberatelycutshortbytheclosingtitlesequence.Line41-43Someviewerssaytheyenjoygossipingaboutthesoapasmuchastheyenjoywatchingtheactualprogram. previewContextAnalysisLines1-71…thefactremainsthatmillionsoftuneineagerlytotheirFavoriteserialeveryday.1)tunetoin:setaradioortelevisiontoreceivebroadcastsfromaparticularstation.Example:wealwaystuneintoChannel8towatchthe10o’clocknationalandinternationalnews.2)serial:astorywhichisbroadcastontelevisionorradiopublishedinpartsoveraperiodoftime.Example:WatchingTVserialsisherfavoritepastime.2.Thesoapoperahassucceedincapturingtheimaginationoftheentireworld.

翻譯：肥皂劇抓住了天下所有人的想象力．

Capture:makesbfeelinterestedorexcited.

Example:

1.Hersilveryvoicecapturedtheattentionofthelisteners.

2.Theirdaringescapehascapturedtheimaginationofthewholecountry.

Lines8-163.However,soapoperasaremuchmoredramaticthanreallife.Dramatic:suddenandexciting;vividlystrikingExamples:A.Ashortsentenceafteraseriesoflongsentencescanhavea~effect.B.Whatdoyouthinkofthedramaticchangestakingplaceontheinternationalscene.4….sotheviewscaneasily