PMI培訓(xùn)資料：PMB煉廠電站培訓(xùn)資料-動(dòng)力分部鍋爐基礎(chǔ)培訓(xùn)資料

動(dòng)力分部PowerdivisionPMB煉廠電站培訓(xùn)資料PMBplanttrainingmaterials概述

overview所謂“鍋”：就是汽水系統(tǒng)。Theso-called"pot":thesodasystem.所謂“爐”：就是給煤、煙風(fēng)系統(tǒng)組成的燃燒系統(tǒng)。Theso-called"furnace":itisthecombustionsystemcomposedofcoalandsmokewindsystem.鍋的任務(wù)是盡量把爐內(nèi)的熱量有效地吸收，爐的任務(wù)是盡可能組織高效的放熱，鍋和爐組成了一個(gè)完整的能量轉(zhuǎn)換和蒸汽生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)。Thetaskofthepotistoeffectivelyabsorbtheheatinthefurnace.Thetaskofthefurnaceistoorganizetheefficientheatrelease,andthecookerandfurnacemakeupacompleteenergyconversionandsteamproductionsystem.目前的發(fā)電方式主要有火力發(fā)電、水力發(fā)電、核能發(fā)電和風(fēng)力發(fā)電等。由于我國的能源以煤為主，所以火力發(fā)電是我國目前主要的發(fā)電方式，占我國發(fā)電總量的70%以上。Themethodsofgenerationnowmainlyincludethermalpowergeneration,hydropowergeneration,nuclearpowergenerationandwindpowergeneration.Withtheenergyofourcountrydominatedbycoal,thermalpowergenerationisthemaingenerationmodeinChina,whichaccountsformorethan70%ofChina'stotalpowergeneration.利用燃料燃燒進(jìn)行發(fā)電的設(shè)備稱為火力發(fā)電機(jī)組，它主要有三大設(shè)備組成，即鍋爐、汽輪機(jī)和發(fā)電機(jī)。（1）燃料在鍋爐中燃燒，化學(xué)能轉(zhuǎn)變成煙氣的熱能；煙氣的熱能傳遞給工質(zhì)----水，產(chǎn)生高溫高壓的蒸汽。即在鍋爐中完成燃料的化學(xué)能轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)檎羝臒崮艿倪^程。TheequipmentthatUSESfueltogenerateelectricityiscalledathermalpowergeneratingset.Itconsistsofthreemaincomponents:boilers,steamturbinesandgenerators.(1)Whenthefuelburnsintheboiler,thechemicalenergywillbechangedintotheheatenergyofthefluegas;Theheatenergyofthefluegasistransferredtotheworkingsubstance-water,whichproduceshightemperatureandhigh-pressuresteam.Theprocessofconvertingthechemicalenergyofthefuelinaboilertotheheatofsteam.（2）高溫高壓蒸汽進(jìn)入汽輪機(jī)，體積膨脹，流速增大，蒸汽的熱能轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)檎羝鲃?dòng)的動(dòng)能；高速氣流推動(dòng)汽輪機(jī)葉片轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，進(jìn)一步轉(zhuǎn)換為汽輪機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的機(jī)械能（3）轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的汽輪機(jī)直接驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)電機(jī)，將機(jī)械能通過發(fā)電機(jī)的勵(lì)磁轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殡娔堋?2)Withthehightemperatureandhighpressuresteamenteringtheturbine,thevolumeexpanding,andtheincreaseofvelocityoftheflow,theheatenergyofthesteamturnsintothekineticenergyofsteamflow.Thehigh-speedairflowpushestheturbinebladestoturn,thenconvertstothemechanicalenergyoftheturbine

(3)therotatingsteamturbinedrivesthegeneratordirectlyandturnsthemechanicalenergyintoelectricitywiththeexcitationofthegenerator.電站的生產(chǎn)過程循環(huán)流化床鍋爐

circulatingfluidizedbedboiler流化床的概念

在流化床中，當(dāng)固體顆粒中有流體通過時(shí)，隨著流體速度逐漸增大，固體顆粒開始運(yùn)動(dòng)，且固體顆粒之間的摩擦力也越來越大，當(dāng)流速達(dá)到一定值時(shí)，固體顆粒之間的摩擦力與它們的重力相等，每個(gè)顆粒可以自由運(yùn)動(dòng)，所有固體顆粒表現(xiàn)出類似流體狀態(tài)的現(xiàn)象，這種現(xiàn)象稱為流態(tài)化。

Theconceptofthefluidizedbed

Influidizedbed,whenthesolidparticlesgothroughthefluid,withthevelocityincreasinggradually,solidparticlesbegintomove,andthefrictionbetweensolidparticlesisbecomingbiggerandbigger.whenthevelocityreachesacertainvalue,thefrictionbetweensolidparticleswillbeequaltotheirgravity,theneachparticlecanmovefreely.Allsolidparticleswillhavethephenomenon,whichissimilartothestateoffluid,thisphenomenoniscalledfluidization.固體顆粒（床料）、流體（流化風(fēng)）以及完成流態(tài)化過程的設(shè)備稱為流化床。Theequipmentincludingthesolidparticles(bedmaterials),fluids(fluidizedwind),andwhichcancompletefluidizationprocessesiscalledfluidizedbeds.2、循環(huán)流化床鍋爐的構(gòu)成及工作過程

Thecompositionandworkingprocessofcirculatingfluidizedbedboiler循環(huán)流化床鍋爐是由鍋爐本體和輔助設(shè)備組成的。Circulatingfluidizedbedboileriscomposedofboilerbodyandauxiliaryequipment.

（1）鍋爐本體主要包括啟動(dòng)燃燒器、布風(fēng)裝置、爐膛、氣固分離器、物料回送裝置，以及布有受熱面的煙道、汽包、下降管、水冷壁、過熱器、省煤器及空氣預(yù)熱器等。Mainlyincludes:

boilerstart-upburner,ventilationequipment,furnace,gas-solidseparator,materialloopbackdevice,andtheclothwhichhasaflue,drum,droptubeofheatingsurface,waterwall,superheater,economizerandairpreheater,etc.

（2）輔助設(shè)備主要包括送風(fēng)機(jī)、引風(fēng)機(jī)、返料風(fēng)機(jī)、碎煤機(jī)、給煤機(jī)、冷渣器、除塵器、煙囪等。由于現(xiàn)在國家對(duì)環(huán)保的要求比較高，現(xiàn)在大部分電廠都上了（低氮燃燒）SNCR、SCR來對(duì)鍋爐進(jìn)行脫硝，引風(fēng)機(jī)后上脫硫裝置進(jìn)行脫硫。(2)auxiliaryequipmentmainlyincludesblower,fan,returnfan,coalcrusher,coalfeeder,coldslag,dustcatcher,chimneyetc.DuetothehighdemandforenvironmentalprotectioninChina,mostpowerplantsnowhave(lownitrogencombustion)SNCRandSCRequipmenttoremovethenitratefromtheboiler,aswellasthedesulfurizationdeviceafterthefan.循環(huán)流化床鍋爐的燃燒方式有以下特點(diǎn)：（1）燃料制備系統(tǒng)相對(duì)簡單。（2）燃料處于流化狀態(tài)下燃燒。（3）燃燒溫度較低，一般為850~950℃（4）有物料循環(huán)系統(tǒng)，燃料循環(huán)燃燒，使燃燒更完全。（5）能實(shí)現(xiàn)燃燒過程中脫硫。（6）采取分段送風(fēng)燃燒方式。Thecombustionmethodofcirculatingfluidizedbedboilerhasthefollowingcharacteristics:(1)thefuelpreparationsystemisrelativelysimple.(2)thefuelburnsinafluidizedstate.(3)thecombustiontemperatureislow,thegeneralis850~950℃(4)thereisamaterialcirculationsystem,andthefuelcycleburns,makingthecombustionmorecomplete.

(5)desulphurizationcanbeachievedduringcombustion.

(6)adoptthemodeofphasedairsupply.3、循環(huán)流化床鍋爐的典型工作條件

Typicalworkingconditionsofcirculatingfluidizedbedboiler項(xiàng)

目數(shù)

值

項(xiàng)目數(shù)

值床層溫度bedtemperature（℃）850～950床層壓降bedlayerpressuredrop（KPa）6～12流化速度fluidizingvelocity（m/s）4～8爐內(nèi)顆粒濃度Concentrationofparticlesinthefurnace（kg/m3）150～600（爐膛底部）床料粒度Bedmaterialgrainsize（ηm）100～7003～40（爐膛上部）床料密度Bedmaterialdensity（kg/m3）1800～2600Ca/S摩爾比1.5～3燃料粒度fuelparticalsize（mm）0～13壁面?zhèn)鳠嵯禂?shù)Wallheattransfercoefficient[W/(m2·K)]130～250脫硫劑粒度Desulfurizersize（mm）0～2汽包(steamdrum)作用(Function):(1)是工質(zhì)加熱、蒸發(fā)、過熱三個(gè)過程的連接樞紐．同時(shí)作為一個(gè)平衡器，保持水冷壁中汽水混合物流動(dòng)所需壓力isthehingeofthreeprocess,whichincludefluidheating,evaporation,andoverheating.Atthesametimeasabalancer,itcanmeettherequirementofpressure,whichisusedforkeepingtheflowofthemixtureofwaterandsteam(2)容有一定數(shù)量的水和汽，加之汽包本身的質(zhì)量很大，因此有相當(dāng)?shù)男顭崃?，在鍋爐工況變化時(shí)．能起緩沖、穩(wěn)定汽壓的作用。Itcancontainsacertainamountofwaterandsteam,andthemassofdrumisverylarge.sothereisaconsiderableamountofheatstorage,whentheboilerconditionschange,itcanplayabufferandtheroleofstablevaporpressure(3)裝設(shè)汽水分離和蒸汽凈化裝置，保證飽和蒸汽的品質(zhì).Installedsteam-waterseparationandsteampurificationdevicetoensurethequalityofsaturatedsteam(4)裝置測(cè)量表計(jì)及安全附件，如壓力表、水位計(jì)、安全閥等保證鍋爐安全運(yùn)行。Devicemeasuringtableandsafetyaccessories,suchaspressuregauges,waterlevelgauge,safetyvalvetoensuresafeoperationoftheboiler省煤器Economizer省煤器作用：利用鍋爐排煙余熱加熱給水的熱交換器。省煤器吸收排煙余熱，降低排煙溫度，提高鍋爐效率，節(jié)約燃料。另外，由于進(jìn)入汽包的給水，經(jīng)過省煤器提高了水溫，減小了因溫差而引起的汽包壁的熱應(yīng)力，從而改善了汽包的工作條件，延長了汽包的使用壽命。function

:Heatexchangerforheatingwatersupplyfromboilerexhaustheat.Economizercanabsorbexhaustheat,reduceexhaustgastemperature,improveboilerefficiency,andsavefuel.Inaddition,thetemperatureofthewaterincreaseswhenitgoesthroughtheeconomizer,whichreducesthetemperaturedifferencecausedbythethermalstressofthedrumwall,therebyimprovingtheworkingconditionsofthedrum,alsoextendingthelifeofthedrum為保護(hù)省煤器，設(shè)有省煤器再循環(huán)管路，在鍋爐起動(dòng)過程中進(jìn)行必要的冷卻。Inordertoprotecttheeconomizer,itisequippedwiththeeconomizerrecirculationpipeline,tomakethenecessarycoolingduringthestartofboiler.過熱器Superherter過熱器系統(tǒng)由低溫過熱器、中溫過熱器、高溫過熱屏組成。Superheatersystemconsistoflowtemperaturesuperheater,mediumtemperaturesuperheater,andhightemperaturesuperheatscreencomposition在低溫過熱器與中溫過熱器、中溫過熱器與高溫過熱屏之間管道上，分別布置有一、二噴水減溫器。高溫過熱屏布置在爐膛內(nèi)，低溫過熱器和中溫過熱器布置在尾部煙道中Inthepipelinebetweenthelowtemperaturesuperheaterandthemediumtemperaturesuperheater,aswellasthemediuntemperaturesuperheaterandhightemperatureoverheatingscreen,thereisoneortwospraywaterdesuperheater.Thehightemperaturesuperheatscreenisarrangedinthefurnace,thelowtemperaturesuperheaterandthemediumtemperaturesuperheaterarearrangedinthetailflue.過熱器的作用Function：1).將汽包來的干飽和蒸汽進(jìn)一步加熱使之成為過熱蒸汽.當(dāng)汽水共存時(shí),對(duì)汽水混合物加熱,加入的熱量只能用來使汽水混合物中的水蒸發(fā)成為蒸汽,而不能使蒸汽溫度升高成為過熱蒸汽.要想獲得過熱蒸汽,常采用的方法是將蒸汽從汽水混合物中分離出來,對(duì)其進(jìn)一步加熱,完成這一任務(wù)的部件成為過熱器.Thehotwaterofthesteam-watermixtureisheatedsothatthesteaminthesteammixturecanbeusedtoevaporatethewaterinthesoftdrinksmixtureintosteam,andthesteamtemperaturecannotberaisedTogetsuperheatedsteam,itisoftenusedtoseparatethesteamfromthesoftwatermixtureandtofurtherheatit,andthecomponentsthataccomplishthistaskbecomesuperheaters.2）降低煙氣溫度,回收煙氣中的熱量,提高鍋爐效率.爐膛出口的煙氣溫度比較高,為800---850度,其中含有很多熱量.煙氣經(jīng)過過熱器后,溫度降至700---800度,過熱器回收了一部分煙氣熱量。Reducethefluegastemperature,therecoveryoffluegasheat,improvetheefficiencyoftheboilerfurnaceoutletfluegastemperatureisrelativelyhigh,800---850degrees,whichcontainsalotofheatafterthesuperheater,thetemperaturedroppedto700--800degrees,thesuperheaterreclaimsapartofthefluegasheat.一次風(fēng)系統(tǒng)Primarywindsystem一次風(fēng)經(jīng)過一次風(fēng)機(jī)、管式空氣預(yù)熱器后，通過一次風(fēng)熱風(fēng)道，經(jīng)床下啟動(dòng)燃燒器，分別進(jìn)入下部的水冷風(fēng)室內(nèi)，再由布風(fēng)板進(jìn)入爐內(nèi)，保證爐內(nèi)物料的流化，并將部分小顆粒物料提升起來。Afterthewindgoingthroughafanandatubularairpreheater,thenitgoesthroughtheprimarywindheatchannel,andstartstheburner,thenrespectivelycomesintothebottomwatercoolingindoor,thencomesintotheboilerbywindplate,toguaranteethefluidizationofthematerialintheboiler,andliftsomesmallgranularmaterial.一次風(fēng)主要是作為爐膛的物料流化風(fēng)。Theprimaryairismainlyusedasthematerialflowofthefurnace.作用：主要用于流化床料，并為燃料提供初始燃燒空氣。作用：主要用于流化床料，并為燃料提供初始燃燒空氣function:Itismainlyusedforfluidizedbedmaterialsandprovidesinitialcombustionairforfuel.二次風(fēng)系統(tǒng)secondaryairsystem主要是為分級(jí)燃燒使燃料燃盡、控制爐溫、抑制NOX的產(chǎn)生提供空氣。二次風(fēng)由二臺(tái)二次風(fēng)機(jī)供給，全部進(jìn)入空氣預(yù)熱器內(nèi)加熱，然后由二次熱風(fēng)道送到爐前墻、后墻，再由多只二次風(fēng)管分兩層不同高度進(jìn)入爐內(nèi)，起到補(bǔ)充燃燒和輸送床料的作用，并實(shí)現(xiàn)分級(jí)送風(fēng)，降低NOx排放。Mainlyprovideairforthehierarchicalcombustiontoburnout,tocontrolthefurnacetemperature,andinhibittheproductionofNOxThesecondaryairissuppliedbytwosecondaryfans,allpassesintotheairpreheaterheating,andthensenttothefrontwallandthebackwallofthefurnace,andthenpassesintothefurnaceintwodifferentheightbymanysecondaryairducts,toplaytheroleofaddingcombustionandtransportingbedmaterial,andachieving

tosupplyairhierarchically,aswellasreduceNOxemissions.返料風(fēng)系統(tǒng)systemofmaterial-returningairflow作用：返料風(fēng)是推動(dòng)循環(huán)灰旋風(fēng)分離器分離下來的高溫物料重新返回爐膛的源動(dòng)力,對(duì)自平衡回料裝置對(duì)應(yīng)的分離器料腿下方落灰側(cè)和回料斜腿側(cè)兩個(gè)區(qū)域的循環(huán)物料分別起到疏松和流化的作用.返料風(fēng)占總風(fēng)量的比例很小,但對(duì)壓力要求較高,一般配備獨(dú)立的低流量、高壓力的羅茨風(fēng)機(jī)。function:Thematerial-returningairisthesourcepowertodrivethehightemperaturematerialseparatedfromthecyclonetoreturntothefurnace,andplayaroleofloosefortheseparatedmaterialandfluidizationforthecirculationmaterialoftheself-balancedrecoverydevice.Thematerial-returningairaccountesfortheproportionoftotalairvolumeisverysmall,buttherequirementsofpressurearehigher,Generallyequippedwithanindependentlowflow,highpressureRootsblower空氣預(yù)熱器Airpreheater空氣預(yù)熱器是利用煙氣余熱，加熱燃料所需空氣的設(shè)備。采用空氣預(yù)熱器使鍋爐排煙溫度降低，鍋爐熱效率升高；由于采用高溫空氣燃燒，改善燃燒條件，使燃料的不完全燃燒熱損失下降，從而可進(jìn)一步提高鍋爐熱效率；此外，采用熱空氣燃燒后，爐內(nèi)溫度升高，輻射傳熱加強(qiáng)，可節(jié)省蒸發(fā)受熱面，這相當(dāng)于以廉價(jià)的空氣預(yù)熱器受熱面，取代部分價(jià)格較高的蒸發(fā)受熱面，這在鍋爐制造的經(jīng)濟(jì)性上是很合算的。Theairpreheateristheequipmentthatusesthewasteheatofthefluegastoheattheairneededforthefuel.Theairpreheaterisusedtoreducethesmoketemperatureoftheboiler.andtheheatingefficiencyoftheboilercanbeimprovedfurtherly.withthehightemperatureaircombustionusing,theconditionsofthecombustionimproves,andtheheat

lossoftheincompletecombustionreducesandthe

heatingefficiencyoftheboilercanalsobeimprovedfurther.Inaddition,afterthehotairburning,thetemperatureofthefurnacerisesandtheradiationheattransferisstrengthened,whichcansaveevaporationheatingsurface.Thisisequivalenttotheheatingsurfaceofthecheapairpreheater,whichreplacessomehighevaporationheatingsurface,whichisveryeconomicalintheeconomyofboilermanufacturing4.3、燃燒系統(tǒng)combustionsystem燃燒系統(tǒng)的核心部件：燃燒室、旋風(fēng)分離器、返料裝置Thecorecomponentsofthecombustionsystem:Combustionchamber,cycloneseparator,materialrerturnerdevice爐膛（燃燒室）作用:提供燃料燃燒的空間爐膛結(jié)構(gòu)（膜式水冷壁、下部敷設(shè)耐磨耐火材料）旋風(fēng)分離器的作用：1、把從爐膛飛出的固體顆粒從煙氣中分離出來2、實(shí)現(xiàn)了燃料循環(huán)燃燒，提高了燃燒效率3、保留足量的固體顆粒，順利完成傳熱Thefunctionofcycloneseparator:1.Toseparatethesolidparticlesflyingoutofthefurnaceareseofthefurnacefromthefluegas2.Torealizethecyclecombustionoffuelandimprovethecombustionefficiency返料裝置的作用：回料器位于分離器的下方,它也是組成主循環(huán)回路的重要部件?；亓掀髯饔檬菍⒎蛛x器分離下來的灰粒子連續(xù)、穩(wěn)定地送回到爐膛實(shí)現(xiàn)循環(huán)燃燒，同時(shí)，通過在立管及回料器中建立一定高度的循環(huán)物料料位，來實(shí)現(xiàn)負(fù)壓運(yùn)行狀態(tài)下的分離器和正壓運(yùn)行狀態(tài)下的爐膛密相區(qū)之間的密封，防止?fàn)t內(nèi)煙氣返竄進(jìn)入分離器。Thefunctionofthematerialrerturnerdevice:Thedeviceislocatedatthebottomoftheseparatorandisanimportantpartofthemainloopcircuit.Thefunctionofreurneristosendtheashparticlesseparatedfromtheseparatorcontinuouslyandsteadilytothefurnacetorealizecircularcombustion,meanwhile,acertainheightofcirculatingmaterialsisestablishedintheriserandthebackertorealizethesealingbetweentheseparatorunderthenegativepressureoperatingconditionandthechamberofthefurnaceinthepositivepressureoperation,and

preventthefluegasfromreturningtotheseparator.返料裝置的作用：回料器和回料立管均由鋼板卷制而成，內(nèi)側(cè)敷設(shè)有防磨和絕熱保溫材料層?；亓掀鞣邓臀锪系膭?dòng)能，來自于回料器上升段和下降段的不同配風(fēng)，其用風(fēng)由單獨(dú)的高壓流化風(fēng)機(jī)提供，高壓風(fēng)通過其底部風(fēng)箱以及布置在回料器閥體上的三層充氣口進(jìn)入回料器。進(jìn)入回料器風(fēng)箱的管道和每層充氣管路上都設(shè)有各自的風(fēng)量測(cè)點(diǎn)，以便測(cè)量出流經(jīng)各管道的準(zhǔn)確風(fēng)量，并由調(diào)節(jié)閥來調(diào)節(jié)、分配風(fēng)量，實(shí)現(xiàn)定量送風(fēng)。在回料器閥體和立管上設(shè)有壓力測(cè)點(diǎn)，用以實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)壓差的監(jiān)控。

在回料器下部，設(shè)有事故排灰口，用于回料器的停爐檢修及緊急情況下的排灰。Thefunctionofthematerialrerturnerdevice：Thebackerandbackfeedriseraremadeofsteelplate,andtheinnerlayerisequippedwithanti-wearandadiabaticinsulationmaterial。Thekineticenergyofthematerialreturnedfromthereflectorcomesfromthedifferentdistributionofthematerialintherisinganddescendingsegmentsofthereflector，andthewindisprovidedbyaseparatehigh-pressureflowfan,thehighpressurewindentersthefeederthroughitsbottombellowsandthethree-plyinflatableinletonthebodyofthebacker。Thepipesofthehopperandeachofthegas-filledtubeshavetheirownairvolumepoints,tomeasuretheaccurateairflowthroughthepipes,andadjustanddistributetheairquantitybyregulatingvalvetoachievethequantitativedelivery。Pressuremeasuringpointsareprovidedonthebodyofthebackerandtheriser,toimplementthemonitoringofdifferentialpressure.。

Inthelowerpartofthebackfeeder,thereisanaccidentdischargeport,whichisusedforthestoppingfurnaceofthefeeder.三、PMB電站主要工藝介紹1、鍋爐部分（本期共上5臺(tái)鍋爐）(1)、鍋爐采用室外露天布置，運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)層設(shè)大平臺(tái)，爐頂設(shè)輕型屋蓋。(2)鍋爐燃燒系統(tǒng)一次風(fēng)機(jī)、二次風(fēng)機(jī)和引風(fēng)機(jī)按照雙風(fēng)機(jī)設(shè)置，均采用帶液偶調(diào)速的離心式風(fēng)機(jī)，高壓羅茨風(fēng)機(jī)三臺(tái)。(3)每臺(tái)鍋爐設(shè)置兩臺(tái)鋼制原煤倉，所儲(chǔ)煤量能夠保證每臺(tái)鍋爐在額定負(fù)荷下燃用設(shè)計(jì)煤質(zhì)運(yùn)行10小時(shí)。給煤機(jī)型式為電子稱重皮帶式給煤機(jī)。(4)每臺(tái)鍋爐設(shè)一臺(tái)高效電袋除塵器，煙塵排放濃度不大于25mg/Nm3。

TheintroductionofthemainprocessofPMBpowerplant1、Thepartofboiler(5boilersintotal)(1)Theboileradoptsoutdoorlayout,theoperatingfloorhasalargeplatform,andtheroofofthefurnaceisprovidedwithlightroof(2)theprimaryairfan,thesecondaryairfanandtheincludeddraftfanoftheboilersystemaresetaccodingtothedoublefans.Andusethecentrifugalventilatorwiththespeedofthebelt,aswellasthreeHighpressurerootsblower。(3)Eachboilersetstwosteelcoals,theamountofcoalreservescanensurethateachboilercanrunfor10hoursundertheratedload。Thecoalmachinetypeistheelectronicweighingbeltfeeder。(4)Eachboilersetsupahighefficiencyelectricbag,theconcentrationofsootisnotgreaterthan25mg/Nm3.

(5)脫硫采用爐外濕法海水脫硫，爐內(nèi)脫硫本期僅預(yù)留鍋爐接口。爐后煙氣采用海水脫硫系統(tǒng)，5臺(tái)鍋爐配2套海水法煙氣脫硫裝置（FGD），處理全部煙氣，SO2排放濃度不大于100mg/Nm3。；引風(fēng)機(jī)與脫硫增壓風(fēng)機(jī)合二為一；不設(shè)置煙氣再熱器（GGH），脫硫后的凈煙氣經(jīng)煙囪排放，考慮主設(shè)備安全運(yùn)行因素，設(shè)置煙氣旁路系統(tǒng)。(6)鍋爐補(bǔ)充床料采用機(jī)械+氣力輸送加料系統(tǒng)，用斗式提升機(jī)把床料提升到料倉，通過料倉下部的倉泵將床料輸送到爐膛。(7)鍋爐煙氣脫硝采用非選擇性催化還原法（SNCR），NOx排放濃度不大于100mg/Nm3，還原劑采用尿素溶液。(8)采用兩座100m鋼筋混凝土單筒煙囪，每個(gè)內(nèi)筒出口內(nèi)徑4.0m，采用賓高德玻璃磚防腐。(5)Desulphurizationisappliedtothedesulphurizationofseawaterfromtheoutsideofthefurnace，thefurnacedesulfurizationisonlyreservedforboilerinterface。Afterthefurnace,thefluegasbehind

thefurnaceistreatedbythesystemofdesulfurizationbyseawater，5boilersareequippedwith2FGD，totreatallfluegas，theemissionconcentrationof

SO2isnotgreaterthan100mg/Nm3。Thefaniscombinedwiththedesulfurizationturbofan,anditdosenotsetthefluegasreheater，thenetfluegasafterdesulfurizationisdischargedbychimney，Consideringthesafetyoperationfactorofthemainequipment,itshouldsetupthefluegasbypasssystem.(6)Theboilerreplenishingbedmaterialadoptsmechanical+pneumaticconveyingfeedingsystem，andliftthebedmaterialintothehopperwithabucketelevator，aswellasconveythebedmaterialtothefurnacebythelowerpartofthesilopump.(7)TheSNCRisusedfordenitrationofthefuelgas，NOxemissionconcentrationisnotgreaterthan100mg/Nm3，Thereducingagentadoptsureasolution。(8)Two100-meterreinforcedconcretesinglechimneysareused，eachinnertubeoutlethasadiameterof4.0meters，anditusethebingoidglassbrickforcorrosionprevention。（9）輸煤系統(tǒng)分入庫和入爐兩個(gè)系統(tǒng)。

入庫系統(tǒng)由門型吊、皮帶輸送機(jī)、堆取料機(jī)組成。

入爐系統(tǒng)由堆取料機(jī)、雙路皮帶輸送機(jī)、兩級(jí)破碎機(jī)、兩級(jí)振動(dòng)篩等組成

（10）輸灰系統(tǒng)采用正壓濃相氣力輸灰

（11）輸渣系統(tǒng)采用冷渣機(jī)+皮帶輸送機(jī)+渣倉（9）Thecoal-conveyingsystemisdividedintotwosystems:thewarehousingandtheentranceintothefurnace。

Thewarehousingsystemconsistofdoortypecrane,beltconveyorandpilecollectingunit。

Thefurnacesystemconsistofstackingmachine,doublebeltconveyor,two-stagecrusherandtwo-stagevibratingscreen

（10）Theashsystemadoptsthepositivepressureconcentrationtotransporttheash

（11）Theslagsystemadoptsthecoldslagmachine+beltconveyor+slagbin3、公用部分(1)本工程設(shè)一臺(tái)燃油快裝式啟動(dòng)鍋爐、Q=50t/hP=1.0MPa(g),t=230℃。(2)鍋爐點(diǎn)火燃料為#0輕柴油，設(shè)油泵房和1座100m3的鋼制輕油罐。(3)壓縮空氣系統(tǒng)分儀用和廠用兩個(gè)系統(tǒng)，壓縮空氣氣源由除灰空壓站統(tǒng)一提供，壓縮空氣壓力約為0.5～0.8MPa（g）。(4)主廠房設(shè)置一套閉式循環(huán)冷卻水系統(tǒng)，為汽機(jī)專業(yè)、鍋爐專業(yè)及煤灰專業(yè)的輔機(jī)提供冷卻水，冷卻水介質(zhì)為除鹽水。

4、主機(jī)技術(shù)參數(shù)4.1、鍋爐

鍋爐型號(hào)：Boilermodel:SG-380/9.8鍋爐最大蒸發(fā)量（B-MCR）：Boilermaximumevaporationcapacity(B-MCR):380t/h過熱蒸汽壓力：Pressureofsuperheatedsteam:9.81MPa過熱蒸汽溫度：Superheatedsteamtemperature:540℃給水溫度（B-MCR）：Feedwatertemperature(B-MCR):193℃空預(yù)器進(jìn)風(fēng)溫度：Inletairtemperatureofairpre-heater:42℃鍋爐正常排污率：Normalboilerblowdownrate:<1%5、燃料制備系統(tǒng)及設(shè)備選擇本工程鍋爐燃料通過給煤機(jī)及管道輸送兩種方式同時(shí)入爐燃燒。燃煤（破碎后的粒徑＜10mm）由輸煤專業(yè)的雙路皮帶送至主廠房煤倉間內(nèi)的原煤倉，然后經(jīng)落煤管由稱重式皮帶給煤機(jī)送入鍋爐。污泥通過污泥輸送系統(tǒng)輸送，由污水處理單元送至鍋爐接口。每臺(tái)鍋爐設(shè)2只方錐形金屬煤倉，每個(gè)煤倉的有效容積為438m3，燃燒設(shè)計(jì)煤種時(shí)能滿足鍋爐BMCR負(fù)荷下10小時(shí)的耗煤量，符合《小型火力發(fā)電廠設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》（GB50049-2011）的要求。本工程采用爐前一級(jí)給煤，每臺(tái)鍋爐的爐前設(shè)有4臺(tái)耐壓稱重式皮帶給煤機(jī)，給煤機(jī)采用扇形布置，當(dāng)停用1臺(tái)給煤機(jī)時(shí)，給煤線路的總?cè)萘磕軡M足鍋爐BMCR工況時(shí)耗煤量。每臺(tái)給煤機(jī)輸送能力3-27t/h。5、FuelpreparationsystemandequipmentselectionThefuelofthisengineeringboilerisfiredbyfeedingthecoalmachineandpipeintwowayssimultaneously。thecoal（thebrokenparticlesize＜10mm)issenttotheoriginalcoalbunkerinthecoalwarehouseofthemainworkshopbythedualbeltofcoaltransportation，thenthecoaltubeissenttotheboilerbytheweighingbelt。Thesludgeistransportedthroughsludgeconveyingsystem，thesewagedisposalunitisdeliveredtotheboilerinterface。Eachboilersets2conicalmetalcoalbunker,eachofwhichhasaneffectivecapacityof438mcubed，andthecombustiondesigncansatisfythecoalconsumptionoftheboilerBMCRundertheloadof10hours，andmeettherequirementsofthedesignspecificationforsmallthermalpowerplant(gb50049-2011)。Theprojectadoptsthewaywhichprovidecoalatthefrontofthefurnace，eachboilerisequippedwithfourpressureweighingbeltfeederbelts，andthecoalfeedertakethefanlayout.Whenoneofthemisdeactivated，thetotalcapacityofthecoallinecansatisfythecoalconsumptionduringBMCRworkingcondition。Eachmachinecandeliver3-27t/htothecoalmachine。原煤供給系統(tǒng)采用正壓給料，運(yùn)行時(shí)，為防止煙氣反竄，落煤口設(shè)有播煤風(fēng)，播煤風(fēng)采用熱一次風(fēng)，通過氣力播煤將燃料送進(jìn)爐膛。為防止煤粉外漏，對(duì)給煤機(jī)采用密封風(fēng)系統(tǒng)，密封風(fēng)氣源為冷一次風(fēng)。在每個(gè)用氣點(diǎn)前有隔離閥。為確保給煤機(jī)的安全，給煤機(jī)出口的落煤管設(shè)有電動(dòng)密封關(guān)斷門。6、風(fēng)煙系統(tǒng)及設(shè)備選擇鍋爐采用平衡通風(fēng)，空氣系統(tǒng)采用分段送風(fēng)，燃燒系統(tǒng)根據(jù)鍋爐廠提供的鍋爐煙風(fēng)系統(tǒng)擬定。Therawcoalsupplysystemadoptspositivepressurefeeding，Whenitruns,thedistributingairissetinthecoaloutlet,，topreventthefluegasfromrunning.Thedistributingairusestheprimarywind,tosendthefueltothefurnacebymeansofthepneumaticcoal.Inordertopreventtheleakageofcoalpowder,thesealingwindsystemisadoptedforthecoalmachine,andthesourceofwindisthecoldprimarywind。Theisolationvalveisinfrontofeachgaspoint.Inordertoensurethesafetyofthecoalmachine,thecoaloutletofthecoalseamisprovidedwithanelectricsealtoshutoffthedoor。6、SmokesystemandequipmentselectionTheboileradoptsbalancedventilation，theairsystemissentinsections，thecombustionsystemisdevelopedaccordingtotheboilersmokewindsystemprovidedbytheboilerplant。鍋爐采用管式空氣預(yù)熱器，一次風(fēng)和二次風(fēng)同時(shí)在空氣預(yù)熱器內(nèi)被加熱。本工程一、二次風(fēng)均不設(shè)暖風(fēng)器。6.1、一次風(fēng)系統(tǒng)一次風(fēng)系統(tǒng)主要是為循環(huán)流化床鍋爐提供流化介質(zhì)的動(dòng)力，使煤在鍋爐爐膛內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)流化狀態(tài)燃燒，并作為燃料給料系統(tǒng)的輸送介質(zhì)。一次風(fēng)由兩臺(tái)50%容量定速電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)的單吸雙支承離心式風(fēng)機(jī)供給。一次風(fēng)風(fēng)量通過風(fēng)機(jī)入口調(diào)節(jié)檔板以及液力偶合器兩種方式來調(diào)節(jié)。Boileradoptstubularairpreheater,theprimarywindandthesecondarywindareheatedintheairpreheater.Noairheaterisusedinthisproject.6.1、PrimarywindsystemAwindsystemismainlyforcirculatingfluidizedbedboilertoprovidethepoweroffluidizedmedia，thecoalisburnedintheboilerfurnace，andasthetransportmediumoffuelfeedsystem。Asinglesuctiondualsupportedcentrifugalfansuppliedbytwo50%capacity-speedmotors.thewindairvolumeisadjustedbythefaninletadjustingdamperandhydrauliccoupling.6.2、二次風(fēng)系統(tǒng)二次風(fēng)系統(tǒng)主要是為循環(huán)流化床鍋爐提供煤粒足夠的燃燒用空氣，同時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)燃料分級(jí)燃燒。空氣經(jīng)二次風(fēng)機(jī)升壓后，分兩路進(jìn)入管式空氣預(yù)熱器加熱，加熱后的熱二次風(fēng)進(jìn)入爐膛兩側(cè)的環(huán)形二次風(fēng)箱，每路風(fēng)道上均設(shè)有流量測(cè)量裝置和電動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)風(fēng)門。二次風(fēng)由兩臺(tái)50%容量定速電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)的單吸雙支承離心式風(fēng)機(jī)供給。二次風(fēng)風(fēng)量通過風(fēng)機(jī)入口調(diào)節(jié)檔板以及液力偶合器兩種方式來調(diào)節(jié)。6.2、SecondarywindsystemThesecondaryairsystemismainlyforthecirculatingfluidizedbedboilertoprovidecoalgranulesufficientcombustionair，andalsoachievesthefuelfractionalcombustion.Thepressureofairisincreasedbythesecondarywindsystem,thenenterstubeairpreheaterheatingfromtwochannels.Afterheating,thehotsecondarywindgoesintotheringdoublebellowsonbothsidesofthefurnace，eachchannelisequippedwiththeflowmeasurementdeviceandelectricregulatingdamper.Thesecondarywindissuppliedbytwo-half-capacity-speedmotor-drivensingle-suctiondual-supportedcentrifugalfan。

Thesecondaryairvolumeisadjustedbythefaninletadjustingdamperandhydrauliccoupling.6.3、高壓流化風(fēng)系統(tǒng)高壓流化風(fēng)機(jī)提供高壓流化風(fēng)至旋風(fēng)分離器、回料器，將分離器分離出來的物料再送入爐膛進(jìn)行循環(huán)燃燒。本工程的高壓流化風(fēng)機(jī)選用3臺(tái)50%容量的羅茨風(fēng)機(jī)，兩運(yùn)一備.6.3HighpressurefluidizedwindsystemHighpressurefluidizedfanprovideshighpressurefluidizedwindtocycloneseparatorandfeeder,andsendsthematerialseparatedfromtheseparatortothefurnaceforcircularcombustion.Andthehighpressurefluidizedfanofthisprojectuses350%capacityoftherootsblower,andtwoofthemareworking,aswellasoneisinreserve.6.4煙氣系統(tǒng)鍋爐燃燒產(chǎn)生的高溫?zé)煔馐紫冉?jīng)高效汽冷式旋風(fēng)分離器分離，煙氣中大的顆粒飛灰被分離后返回爐膛，而煙氣攜帶的飛灰小顆粒流經(jīng)鍋爐尾部受熱面，進(jìn)入管式空氣預(yù)熱器，再進(jìn)入布電袋除塵器收塵后，由引風(fēng)機(jī)送入脫硫系統(tǒng)，煙氣經(jīng)脫硫后進(jìn)入煙囪排大氣。引風(fēng)機(jī)輸送含塵且溫度較高的煙氣，工作條件較差。本工程鍋爐本體系統(tǒng)阻力相比煤粉爐較大，爐后采用電袋除塵器，同時(shí)又考慮到尾部濕法脫硫的增壓風(fēng)機(jī)與引風(fēng)機(jī)合并，風(fēng)機(jī)的壓升很高。因此本工程引風(fēng)機(jī)選用2臺(tái)50%容量的單吸雙支撐離心式風(fēng)機(jī)。為了增加引風(fēng)機(jī)的調(diào)節(jié)性能，本工程引風(fēng)機(jī)采用入口調(diào)節(jié)擋板及液力偶合器兩種調(diào)節(jié)方式。6.4FluegassystemThehightemperaturefluegasproducedbyboilerisseparatedbyhighefficiencysteamcycloneseparatorfirstly，andthelargeparticlesoffluegasareseparatedandreturnedtothefurnace，Andtheflyashparticlesofthefluegascarriesthroughtheboilertailheatingsurface,passesintothetubeairpreheater，thenenterstheclothbagdustcollector，andissenttodesulfurizationsystembyfan,andthefluegasentersthechimneyairafterdesulfurization。Theexhaustgaswithhightemperatureanddustcanbetransportedbythefan,andtheworkingconditionsarepoor。Thesystemresistanceoftheengineeringboilerislargerthanthatofcoaldustfurnace，andadoptstheelectricbagfilterafterthefurnace，atthesametime,consideringthecombinationofthesuperchargingfanwiththetailwetmethoddesulfurizationandthefan,thepressureofthefanishigh。Therefore,thisprojectisusedtoselect250%capacitysinglesuctiondoublesupportcentrifugalfan。Inordertoincreasetheregulationperformanceofthefan,thisprojectisusedtoadjustthedamperandhydrauliccoupling.7、啟動(dòng)床料系統(tǒng)在鍋爐首次啟動(dòng)、放空全部或部分床料檢修后再次啟動(dòng)、正常運(yùn)行時(shí)，需要向爐膛內(nèi)加入或補(bǔ)充床料；在啟動(dòng)過程中，投入煤前，為了彌補(bǔ)床料損失，也需加入啟動(dòng)床料，維持料位的穩(wěn)定。本工程采用固定機(jī)械式+氣力輸送加床料系統(tǒng)。在鍋爐旁設(shè)置床料斗，用斗提機(jī)將床料送至料斗，然后通過倉泵將床料送至回料器；7、ThestartingsystemofbedmaterialWhentheboilerstartsup,emptiesallorpartofthebedmaterialtostartagain,andnormaloperation,itneedstoaddthebedmaterialtothefurnace,Inthestart-upprocess,beforethecoalputinto,inordertocompensateforthelossofthebedmaterial,italsoneedstobeaddedtothebedmaterialtomaintainthestabilityofthefeedingposition。Theprojectadoptsfixedmechanical,pneumaticconveyingandfeedingsystem。Andsetupthebedhoppernexttotheboiler,feedthebedmaterialtothehopperwiththebucket,andthensendthebedmaterialtothehopperthroughthewarehousepump；8、電袋除塵器

本工程采用電袋除塵器，本工程的煙囪出口煙塵排放濃度限值為25mg/Nm3。根據(jù)燃燒計(jì)算結(jié)果，滿足環(huán)保要求時(shí)，電袋除塵效率應(yīng)不低于99.9%。根據(jù)本工程場(chǎng)地條件、入口含塵濃度及除塵效率要求，每臺(tái)鍋爐選用一臺(tái)電袋除塵器，除塵器設(shè)計(jì)以鍋爐BMCR工況為基準(zhǔn)，并留有下述裕量：煙氣量+10%，煙氣溫度+15℃。8、electric-bagfilterThisprojectadoptselectricbagdustcollector，andtheconcentrationlimitofsmokeemissioninthechimneyofthisprojectis25mg/Nm3。Accordingtothecombustioncalculationresults,theefficiencyofelectricbagdustremovalshouldnotbelessthan99.9%,tomeettheenvironmentalrequirements。Andaccordingtotheconditionsofthesite,theconcentrationofdustandtheefficiencyofdustremoval,eachboilershouldbeusedasadustcollector，andfilterdesignisbasedonboilernamelyBMCRcondition,andhasthefollowingallowance:smokega