適用于新高考新教材備戰(zhàn)2025屆高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)Unit6Spaceandbeyond外研版選擇性必修第四冊(cè)

Unit6SpaceandbeyondⅠ.閱讀理解AResearchersfromTexasA&MUniversityhavedevelopedanewbioremediationtechnology(生物整治技術(shù))usingplant-basedmaterialandfungi(真菌)thatcouldcleanupper-andpolyfluoroalkylsubstances.Per-andpolyfluoroalkylsubstance,alsocalled“foreverchemicals”orPFAS,arefoundinsoil,water,andevenhumanandanimalbloodandmaybeharmfultohumansandotherspecies.Theyarefoundjustabouteverywhere,fromfoodwrapperstoclothing.Thesechemicalsmayaffecttheimmunesystemandmaycauseliverdamage.ExtremelyhighexposurestoPFASmayalsobelinkedtocancer.“PFASdonotdegradeeasilyintheenvironmentandarepoisonouseveninaverylowconcentration,”saidSusieDai,associateprofessorfromTexasA&M.“Theymustberemovedanddestroyedtopreventhumanexposureandnegativeimpactsontheecosystem.PFASaresostableandtheycanoccurinwaterinaverylowconcentrationandyouhavetoconcentratethemandthendestroythem.”Theonlywaytoactuallygetridofthese“foreverchemicals”isbyburningthem,whichisalongandexpensiveprocess.ButTexasA&Mresearchershavefoundanewwaytouseaplant-basedmaterialthatadsorbsthepollutants.AsexplainedbyScienceDirect,adsorptionis“theuseofsolidsforremovingsubstancesfromeithergasorliquid”.Theadsorbentmaterialisthenconsumedbymicrobialfungi.Theteamrecentlypublishedtheirfindingsfortheprocessframework,whichtheycallRAPIMER,inNature.“Theplant’scellwallmaterialservesasaframeworktoadsorbthePFAS,”Daiexplained.“Thenthismaterialandtheadsorbedchemicalserveasfoodforamicrobialfungus.Thenit’sgone,andyoudon’thavethedisposalproblem.”ThissustainablePFASclean-upsystemcouldbemass-producedforcommercialuse,leadingtoabetterwaytoremovethesechemicalpollutantsfromtheenvironment.ItcouldalsocomeinhandyastheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyconsiderscreatingPFASthresholds(閾值)toitswaterqualitystandards.1.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinparagraph2?A.PFAS’sexistingforms.B.PFAS’sdoubtfulorigins.C.PFAS’spotentialdangers.D.PFAS’swideapplications.2.WhatdidSusieDaisayaboutPFAS?A.Theyareunstable.B.Theydegradeeasilyintheenvironment.C.Theysurvivelongerinwaterthanintheair.D.Theyarepoisonouseveninalowconcentration.3.Whathappensaftertheplant-basedmaterialadsorbsthepollutants?A.Thematerialgetseaten.B.Thematerialbecomessolid.C.Thematerialfallsintosmallpieces.D.Thematerialgoesontoadsorbfungi.4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheplant-basedmaterial?A.Indifferent.B.Worried.C.Positive. D.Reserved.BTheUNthisweeklaunchedareporturgingcompaniestostopissuingfalsenet-zerotargetsthatamounttogreenwashing.Greenwashingisatermusedtodescribesituationswherecompaniesmisleadconsumersbyclaimingtobeeco-friendlyorsustainableasamarketingplanratherthanasacoreprincipleoftheirbusinessmodel.Often,theseindustriesspendmoremoneymakingthemselvesappearsustainablethantheydotakingactualsustainablemeasuresintotheircompany.Cities,financialinstitutions,andscoresofcompanieshaveannouncedplanstoreducetheiremissionstozero,which,inprinciple,shouldhelpthefightagainstclimatechange.“Theproblemisthatthecriteriaforthesenet-zerocommitmentshavevaryinglevelsofprecisionandloopholes(漏洞),”saidUNSecretary-GeneralAntonioGuterresduringthelaunchofthereport.Manynet-zeroplanscontainfar-awayoruncleartargetsandoftencallfortheuseofunprovedtechnologieslikecarboncaptureandtreeplanting,whicheffectivelyallowcompaniestocontinuepollutingtheatmosphere.Studiesshowthatmostofthesenet-zeroplanswilldolittletostoptemperaturesfromrising.Forexample,manyoilmajorshaveannouncedplanstoreduceemissionsfromtheiroperationstozeroby2050thatdonottakeintoaccountthecarbonemittedbythefossilfuelstheysell,whichwouldallowthemtoincreaseproduction.Farfromdecreasing,fossilfuelproductionisgoingstrong.Toclosethesenet-zeroloopholes,theUNthisweekreleasedareportthatincludes10recommendationstoensurethatcompanies,cities,regions,andothernon-stateactorsissuecredibleandaccountablenet-zerocommitments.“Theirplanscannotrelyoncheapcarboncreditsinsteadofimmediatelycuttingtheirownemissions,”Guterressaid.Financialinstitutionsneedtocutdownemissionsfromalltheirinvestmentsandbusinessesneedtobringdownthecarbonfootprintoftheirsupplychain,thereportsaid.Thereport’sleadauthor,CatherineMcKenna,urgedcompaniestoreleasenewnet-zerotargetswithinayear.Theupdatedtargetsmustcontainconcreteactionabledetails.5.Whatdoes“greenwashing”referto?A.Agreentechnology.B.Amisleadingstatement.C.Abusinessmodel.D.Aspendingtarget.6.Whydoestheauthormentiontheoilmajors?A.Toproveoilmajorsarereallyresponsible.B.Tosetsomegoodexamplesforothercompanies.C.Toshowsomenet-zerocommitmentsmakenosense.D.Toindicatethebenefitofnet-zeroplanstoclimatechange.7.HowdoesGuterresfeelabouttheissuednet-zeroplans?A.Dissatisfied. B.Guilty.C.Shocked. D.Confused.8.Whatisadvisedtodotofixnet-zeroloopholes?A.Plantmoretrees.B.Sharemoresupplychains.C.Dependoncheapcarboncredits.D.Makeconcreteactionabletargets.Ⅱ.完形填空Itisn’teverydaythatthefutureandthepastmeetonnationaltelevision.PeterDavies,a100-year-oldWorldWarⅡveteranfromMacclesfield,Englandstruggledtofind1inhislifeafterhiswifepassedaway.2,whenhisdaughtersuggestedheofferhishelpatthelocalelementaryschool,hedecidedto3it.

Peter4atDeanValleyPrimarySchool,Bollington,andheisahugehitwithallofthechildrenhetutors.Hemakesreadingintoafungame,andhisnew5asagrandfatherlyfiguremakeshimfeelmore6tohiscommunitythaneverbefore.“Thekidsare7;theyarelikesponges(海綿),”saidPeter.“I’msureIgetmoreoutofitthanthe8do.I’mnotthisoldmanwholivesonhisown.I’mpartofthe9,whichisgreat.Plusmystreet10isextremelygoodbecauseI’llbegoing11inthevillageandachildwillshoutout‘HelloMr.Davies’,andIfeel12.”In2023,PeterreceivedaBritishEmpireMedal(BEM)fromKingCharlesⅢ!

Now,13beingjustfamouslocally,Peterisanationalcelebrity.Herecently14ontelevisionwiththeyoungestrecipientoftheBEM,18-year-oldauthorandenvironmentalistDaraMcAnulty.

“Heisthe15.Iamthepast,”PetersaidofDara.

1.A.meaningB.wisdomC.standard D.courage2.A.Meanwhile B.NeverthelessC.Therefore D.Moreover3.A.prove B.exploreC.manage D.attempt4.A.works B.volunteersC.registers D.engages5.A.reputation B.statusC.post D.state6.A.connected B.restrictedC.equal D.inferior7.A.flexible B.naughtyC.patient D.great8.A.heroes B.humansC.children D.adults9.A.society B.populationC.community D.nation10.A.reaction B.effortC.devotion D.credit11.A.anywhere B.nowhereC.somewhere D.elsewhere12.A.grateful B.honoredC.ambitious D.surprised13.A.inadditionto B.insteadofC.dueto D.inspiteof14.A.appeared B.performedC.advertised D.shared15.A.prospect B.trendC.present D.futureⅢ.讀后續(xù)寫閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。OneNewYear’smorning,aswecamedowntobreakfast,withveryshinyfacesandspandyaprons(圍裙),wesurprisinglyfoundFatheraloneinthediningroom.“HappyNewYear,Papa!WhereisMother?”wecried.“Alittleboycamebeggingandsaidtheywerestarvingathome,soyourmotherwenttoseeandah,heresheis.”AsPapaspoke,incameMamma,lookingverycold,rathersad,andverymuchexcited.“Notfarawayfromhere,livesapoorwomanwithalittlenewbornbaby.Sixchildrenarehuddled(擠在一起)intoonebedtokeepfromfreezingfortheyhavenofire.Thereisnothingtoeatoverthere,andtheoldestboycameheretotellmetheywerestarvingonthisbitterlycoldday.Mylittlegirls,willyougivethemyourbreakfast,asaNewYear’sgift?”Wesatsilentaminuteandlookedatthenice,hotporridge(粥),creamymilk,andgoodbreadandbutter,forwewerebroughtuplikeEnglishchildren,andneverdrankteaorcoffee,orateanythingbutporridgeforourbreakfast.“Iwishwe’deatenitup,”thoughtIforIwasratheraselfishchild,andveryhungry.“MayIgoandhelpcarryittothepoor,littlechildren?”askedBeth,whohadthetenderestheartthateverbeatunderaspandyapron.“Icancarrythatlittlepot,”saidlittleMay,proudlygivingthethingshelovedbest.“AndIshalltakealltheporridge,”Iburstin,heartilyashamedofmyfirstfeeling.“Youshallputonyourthingsandhelpme,andwhenwecomeback,we’llgetsomethingtoeat,”saidMother,beginningtopilethebreadandbutterintoabigbasket.注意:1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右;2.請(qǐng)按如下格式作答。Weweresoonreadyandsetout.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Aswemadeourwaybackhome,Ifeltasenseofwarmthinmyheart.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Unit6SpaceandbeyondⅠ.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新的研究,科研人員開發(fā)了一種新的生物整治技術(shù),該技術(shù)使用植物性材料和真菌,可以清理全氟烷或多氟烷基物質(zhì)。1.C主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知,第二段主要講述的是PFAS潛在的危險(xiǎn)。2.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的“‘PFASdonotdegradeeasilyintheenvironmentandarepoisonouseveninaverylowconcentration,’saidSusieDai,associateprofessorfromTexasA&M.”可知,蘇西認(rèn)為PEAS即便濃度很低也會(huì)有毒。3.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段內(nèi)容可知,這種植物性物質(zhì)在吸附了PFAS后,這種材料和所吸附的化學(xué)物質(zhì)就淪落為微生物真菌的食物,也就是被吃掉了。4.C根據(jù)文章最后一段可知,作者對(duì)于這種植物性材料的前景抱有積極的態(tài)度。【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了聯(lián)合國本周發(fā)布了一份報(bào)告,敦促企業(yè)停止發(fā)布相當(dāng)于“洗綠”的虛假凈零目標(biāo)。5.B詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Greenwashingisatermusedtodescribesituationswherecompaniesmisleadconsumersbyclaimingtobeeco-friendlyorsustainableasamarketingplanratherthanasacoreprincipleoftheirbusinessmodel.”可推知,“洗綠”指的是一種誤導(dǎo)性的說法。故選B項(xiàng)。6.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Manynet-zeroplanscontainfar-awayoruncleartargetsandoftencallfortheuseofunprovedtechnologieslikecarboncaptureandtreeplanting,whicheffectivelyallowcompaniestocontinuepollutingtheatmosphere.”可知,一些凈零承諾包含遙遠(yuǎn)或不明確的目標(biāo),往往要求使用未經(jīng)證實(shí)的技術(shù),這會(huì)允許企業(yè)繼續(xù)污染大氣。由此推知,一些凈零承諾是沒有意義的。接著文章列舉石油巨頭的例子來說明一些凈零承諾是沒有意義的。故選C項(xiàng)。7.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容可推知,Guterres對(duì)凈零計(jì)劃是不滿意的。故選A項(xiàng)。8.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Thereport’sleadauthor,CatherineMcKenna,urgedcompaniestoreleasenewnet-zerotargetswithinayear.Theupdatedtargetsmustcontainconcreteactionabledetails.”可知,建議制定具體可行的目標(biāo)來彌補(bǔ)凈零漏洞。故選D項(xiàng)。Ⅱ.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。100歲二戰(zhàn)老兵彼得·戴維斯在妻子去世后,在女兒的建議下去當(dāng)?shù)匦W(xué)當(dāng)志愿者,與孩子們的接觸讓他重新找到了生活的意義,他也因此成了名人。1.A根據(jù)本句“afterhiswifepassedaway”可知,妻子去世,他努力尋找生活的意義。2.C根據(jù)上文“PeterDavies,a100-year-oldWorldWarⅡveteranfromMacclesfield,Englandstruggledtofindinhislifeafterhiswifepassedaway.”可知,妻子去世后,他努力尋找生活的意義。因此當(dāng)女兒給出建議時(shí),他決定嘗試。前后為因果關(guān)系。

3.D解析同上一題。4.B根據(jù)上文“whenhisdaughtersuggestedheofferhishelpatthelocalelementaryschool”可知,他的女兒建議他在當(dāng)?shù)匦W(xué)提供幫助,應(yīng)是做志愿者。5.B根據(jù)空后“asagrandfatherlyfigure”可知,這是一種身份。6.A根據(jù)上文“PeteratDeanValleyPrimarySchool,Bollington,andheisahugehitwithallofthechildrenhetutors.”可知,他是志愿者,是與社區(qū)有聯(lián)系的。

7.D根據(jù)下文“theyarelikesponges”可知,他在夸贊孩子們很棒。8.C根據(jù)上文“‘Thekidsare;theyarelikesponges’”可知,他教的是孩子,所以他認(rèn)為從這件事中,和孩子們相比,他更受益。

9.C