英語(yǔ)音標(biāo)詳解

EnglishPronunciation精選課件EnglishPhonemesSyllables,StressandRhythmReadingskillsIntonationDifferencebetween“British

English”

and

“American

English”

精選課件GameofTonesReadthefollowinglettersinrisingtoneandfallingtone.ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ精選課件EnglishPhonemesVowelsConsonants精選課件BackgroundCardinalVowels

FrontCentralBackClosei：

u:Close-mide

?:Open-mid?

??openaɑ?????:?精選課件VOWELLettersAa/e?//?/Ee/

i://e/Ii/a?//?/Yy/a?//?//

i:/Oo/??//?/Uu/ju://?//?/精選課件Vowels精選課件FrontVowelsOpenyourmouthalittletomakethesound,spreadyourlipswide,likeyouaresmiling,thisisalongvowel.webeeseafieldreceivepolicepeople精選課件FrontVowelsFirstmakethesound/i:/,thenopenyourmouthalittletomakethesound,yourlipsaremorerelaxed,thisisashortvowel.visitexamminuteMonday精選課件FrontVowelsFirstmakethesound/?/,thenopenyourmouthalittletomakethesound,yourlipsarerelaxed,thisisashortvowel.endredmanyheadfriend精選課件FrontVowelsFirstmakethesound/e/,thenopenyourmouthalittletomakethesound,yourlipsarerelaxed,thisisashortvowel.amcat精選課件CentralVowelsFirstmakethesound/e/,thenopenyourtonguebackwardsandloweralittle,yourtongueisataroundthemiddleofthemouth.Yourlipsaretight.termgirlwordfurlearnjournal精選課件CentralVowelsFirstmakethesound/e/,thenopenyourtonguebackwardsandloweralittle,yourtongueisataroundthemiddleofthemouth.Yourlipsarerelaxed.betterdoctoragofamouscolorfiguretodayopen精選課件CentralVowelsFirstmakethesound/e/,thenopenyourmouthalittlemore,putyourtonguebackwardsandloweralittle,butalittlemoreforwardandupthanthesound/?/.yourtongueisataroundthelowermiddleofthemouth.Yourlipsarerelaxed.sonbutcoupleblooddoes精選課件BackVowelsFirstmakethesound/?/,thenopenyourmouthalittlemore,putyourtonguebackwardandlower.Yourlipsareroundinshape.Thisisalongvowel.carclasshalfheartaunt精選課件Firstmakethesound/a:/,thencloseyourmouthalittlemore.Yourlipsareslightlyroundinshape.Thisisashortvowel.BackVowelsdogwantcoughknowledgebecause精選課件BackVowelsFirstmakethesound/?/,thenmakeyourmouthmoreclosedandmorerounded,putthebackofthetongueupalittletomakethesound.Thisisalongvowel.wartalkallhorseboardbeforefourdoorlawfaultbought精選課件BackvowelsFirstmakethesound/?/,thenraisethebackofyourtongueandputforwardalittletomakethesound.Yourlipsareslightlyroundinshape.Thisisashortvowel.footcouldbushwoman精選課件BackvowelsFirstmakethesound/u/,thenraisethebackofyourtongueandpullbackwardalittletomakethesound.Yourlipsarestronglyroundinshape.Thisisashortvowel.dogoosesouprudechewshoetwofruit精選課件Listenandcheckyour/?/精選課件Diphthongs精選課件Firstmakethesound/e/,thenmakethesound/?/,thereisaglidefrom/e/to/?/.gateraindaysteintheygreatsleigh精選課件Firstmakethesound/a/,thenmakethesound/?/,thereisaglidefrom/a/to/?/.timediecryeyehighheightbuy精選課件Firstmakethesound/?/,thenmakethesound/?/,thereisaglidefrom/?/to/?/.boilboy精選課件Firstmakethesound/a/,thenmakethesound/?/,thereisaglidefrom/a/to/?/.blousecow精選課件Firstmakethesound/?/,thenmakethesound/?/,thereisaglidefrom/?/to/?/.boattoesolowsoulthough精選課件/??/tour-We

made

a

tour

of

the

yacht.-

He

took

her

on

a

tour

of

Europe.-

Ithinkyouarenotquite

sure

aboutit./??/Firstmakethesound/?/,thenmakethesound/?/,thereisaglidefrom/?/to/?/.poortoursureduringtheycruelusual精選課件Firstmakethesound/?/,thenmakethesound/?/,thereisaglidefrom/?/to/?/,withthetonguemovingupfromfronttothemiddlepositioninyourmouth.heroheredearcheermediafamiliarideaperiodVietnamfiercemedium精選課件Firstmakethesound/e/,thenmakethesound/?/,thereisaglidefrom/e/to/?/,withthetonguemovingfromlowfronttothemiddlepositioninyourmouth.bearcareairtheirthere精選課件Consonants精選課件ConsonantLettersBb/b/Dd/d/Cc

/k//s//?/Ff/f/Gg/g/Dd/d//d?/Hh/h/Kk/k/Gg/g//d?//?/Ll/l/Mm/m/Jj/d?/Nn/n/Pp/p/Qq/k/Rr/r/Ss/s//z//?//?/

Tt/t//?//t?/Vv/v/Yy/j/Ww/w/Zz/z/X/ks//gz/精選課件Bilabial/PlosivesFirstcloseyourlipshard,andpushtheairinyourmouthforward.Openyourlipsfastandsuddenlyreleasetheairtomakethesound.Donotuseyourvoice.精選課件Bilabial/PlosivesFirstcloseyourlipshard,andpushtheairinyourmouthforward.Openyourlipsfastandsuddenlyreleasetheairtomakethesound.Useyourvoice.精選課件Alveolar/PlosivesFirstputyourtonguetipjustbehindyourtopteeth,andpushtheairinyourmouthforward.Thenmoveawayyourtonguetipfromyourteethridgefastandreleasetheairtomakethesound.Donotuseyourvoice.teachThailandbetterstopped精選課件Alveolar/PlosivesFirstputyourtonguetipjustbehindyourtopteeth,andpushtheairinyourmouthforward.Thenmoveawayyourtonguetipfromyourteethridgefastandreleasetheairtomakethesound.Useyourvoice.daymiddle精選課件Velar/PlosivesFirsttouchthebackoftheroofofyourmouthwiththebackofyourtongue,andpushtheairinyourmouthforward.Thenmoveawayyourtonguefastandreleasetheairtomakethesound.Donotusethevoice.cockcakeaskliketaxischoolconquer精選課件Velar/PlosivesFirsttouchthebackoftheroofofyourmouthwiththebackofyourtongue,andpushtheairinyourmouthforward.Thenmoveawayyourtonguefastandreleasetheairtomakethesound.Usethevoice.goghostegg精選課件Labio-dental/FricativeFirstputyourupperteethonyourlowerlip,andforcetheairoutbetweenyourteethandlipwithafrication.Donotusethevoicefitphotooffenough精選課件Labio-dental/FricativeFirstputyourupperteethonyourlowerlip,andforcetheairoutbetweenyourteethandlipwithafrication.Usethevoice精選課件Alveolar/FricativesFirstputyourtonguetipbehindyourupperteethtoalmosttouchtheroofofyourmouth.Forcetheairoutoverthetopofyourtonguewithafrication.Donotuseyourvoice.goosesocentniecetaxisciencepassbox精選課件AlveolarFirstputyourtonguetipbehindyourupperteethtoalmosttouchtheroofofyourmouth.Forcetheairoutoverthetopofyourtonguewithafrication.Useyourvoice.hiszooprizethose精選課件Glottal/FricativeFirstopenyourmouth,andforceastreamofairoutofyourmouthwithafrication.Keepyourtongueofftheroofofthemouth,anddonotuseyourvoice.hatwho精選課件Dental/FricativePutyourtonguetipbetweenyourupperteethandlowerteeth.Forcetheairoutbetweenyourtongueandupperteethwithafrication.Donotuseyourvoice.精選課件Dental/FricativePutyourtonguetipbetweenyourupperteethandlowerteeth.Forcetheairoutbetweenyourtongueandupperteethwithafrication.Useyourvoice.精選課件Palato-alveolarRaisethefrontofyourtonguetouardsthemid-roofofyourmouth.Forcetheairoutfromthetwosidesofyourtonguewithafrication.Yourlipsareslightlyroundinshape.Donotuseyourvoice.sheetmachinedeliciousmotionsuretensionfascist精選課件Palato-alveolarRaisethefrontofyourtonguetouardsthemid-roofofyourmouth.Forcetheairoutfromthetwosidesofyourtonguewithafrication.Yourlipsareslightlyroundinshape.Useyourvoice.casualallusionseizuregarageregime精選課件Alveolar/LateralFirstputyourtonguetipontheupperteeth-ridge.Forcetheairoutoverbothsidesofyourtongue.Useyourvoicewhenmakingthesound/l/.Whenit’sbeforeavowel,itisaclear/l/-lostlatevanilla精選課件Alveolar/LateralWhenitisbeforeaconsonantorattheendoftheword,itisadark/l/,alsoas/l/pullpooltalkwouldSilent“l(fā)”精選課件Post-alveolar/ApproximantRaiseyourtonguetiptowardsthebackoftheteethridgewithouttouchit.Yourlipsareslightlyroundinshape.readcarrywrongrhythm精選課件Bilabial/ApproximantFirstmakethesound/u:/,thenmakeyourlipstightlyroundandpushtheairout.waterquitewhatone精選課件Palatal/ApproximantFirstmakethesound/i:/,thenraisethemiddleofyourtonguetotouchtheroofofthemouth,makingyourlipsspreadandforcetheairout.Useyourvoicetomakethissound.yetcueview精選課件Bilabial/NasalFirstcloseyourmouth,andsendtheairoutfromyournose.Useyourvoicetomakethissound,andthisisavoicedconsonant.mansummercombautumn精選課件Alveolar/NasalFirstopenyourmouth,andputyourtonguetipagainstyourteethridge,thensendtheairoutfromyournose.Useyourvoicetomakethissound,andthisisavoicedconsonant.namefunnysignknow精選課件Velar/NasalFirstopenyourmouth,andtouchthebackroofofyourmouthwiththebackofyourtongue,thensendtheairoutfromyournose.Useyourvoicetomakethissound,andthisisavoicedconsonant.singsink精選課件Palato-alveolarJointhesound/t/and/?/.Donotusethevoice.chairwatchquestionnature精選課件Palato-alveolarJointhesound/d/and/?/.Usethevoice.jamgemjudgeadjacent精選課件/tr/tree-The

truck

washeavilyloaded.-

Weplant

trees

andflowersinspring.-Thisideaseemsgoodbutyouneedto

try

itout./tr/Jointhesound/t/and/r/.Donotusethevoice.tryvictorysecretary精選課件/dr/dress-Shewearsabeautifulevening

dress.-

Don'tdrinkand

drive.-Ihadsomeverystrange

dreams

lastnight./dr/Jointhesound/d/and/r/.Usethevoice.精選課件/ts/boats/ts/-Therearethreeboatsontheriver.Twocatsarerunningafteramouse.Theskirtsareverylovely.Theantslikeeatingapples.Firstputyourtonguetipjustbehindyourtopteeth.Forcetheairoutbetweenyourtongueandupperteethwithafrication.Donotuseyourvoice.精選課件/dz/woods/dz/-Theirfamilyoftenpicnicsinthe

woods.She

finds

thestonesonthe

seashore.SarahandIhadagreattimewhilethe

kids

were

away.Firstputyourtonguetipjustbehindyourtopteeth.Forcetheairoutbetweenyourtongueandupperteethwithafrication.Useyourvoice.精選課件Syllables,StressandRhythm精選課件SyllablesA

syllable

isaunitoforganizationforasequenceof

speech

sounds.Asyllableistypicallymadeupofasyllablenucleus(a

vowel

or

syllabicconsonant)withoptionalinitialandfinalmargins(typically,

consonants).

syllabicconsonant:/r//m//n//l/aconsonantformsasyllableonitsownoristhenucleusofasyllable.animalmiddlebattlecriticismsymbolismtourismcousindozenfrozenbuttoncottonmuttonmaidensuddenwooden

MonosyllableOne–SyllablewordsItreegreatpleaselightwordDisyllableTwo–SyllablewordsCi·tyta·blere·lystu·dentpu·pilPolysyllableMulti–SyllablewordsBas·ket·ballna·tion·al·i·tyte·le·phone精選課件StressThestressplacedonsyllableswithinwordsiscalled

wordstress

or

lexicalstress.Thepositionofstressinawordisnotpredictable

inEnglish.Stressisusuallytrulylexicalandmustbememorizedaspartofthepronunciationofanindividualword.Thestressmark???isplacedimmediatelybeforeastressedsyllable,andwhenthestressedsyllableisinthemiddleofaword,thestressmarkalsomarksasyllablebreak.Forexampleintheword"understood"?/?nd?'st?d/?Sometimesmorethanonelevelofstress,suchas

primarystress

and

secondarystress,maybeidentified.

Forexampleintheword“education”</?ed?u'ke??n/>GeneralRules:PrefixesunstressedSuffixesthatcauseashiftofstressintherootword:-eous,-graphy,-ial,-ian,-ic,-ical,-ious,-ity,-ion‘Photographpho’tographyphoto’graphicNumerals:stressonthefirstsyllableCompound:stressonthefirstelementReflexives:stressonself/selves精選課件Stress`winter`summer`season`people`picnic`swallow`gentle`rainbowbe`ginsuc`cessen`joyde`cideAt`tentionbe`sidegi`raffea`larm?maga`zine?uni`versity?lemo`nade?under`stand?conver`sation?engi`neer?kanga`roo`Chi`nese`thir`teen`after`noon`un`known`six`teen`seven`teen`eigh`teen`nine`teen精選課件重讀單詞-變化一個(gè)單詞重讀音節(jié)的位置變化會(huì)導(dǎo)致單詞詞性發(fā)生變化。the`recordn.tore`cordv.the`presentn.topre`sentv.the`desertn.tode`sertv.the`producen.topro`ducev.`perfectadj.toper’fectv.精選課件句子中的重讀和弱讀實(shí)詞(名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞)以及其他信息詞（疑問(wèn)詞、指示代詞、物主代詞、小品詞、否定縮略詞）一般是重讀，而功能詞（冠詞、代詞、所有格、介詞、助動(dòng)詞、連詞）一般是弱讀。`Don’tbelate.`Dobequiet`Comeon,I`don’t`wanttobelate.`Who’sinthebathroom?His`wife’sItalian.The`man’sinthekitchen.精選課件sentencestress強(qiáng)度重要的詞語(yǔ)（實(shí)詞或信息詞）制造話語(yǔ)節(jié)奏精選課件RhythmSpeakersofstressed-timedlanguagessuchas

English

and

MandarinChinese

putroughlyequaltimelagsbetweenstressedsyllables,withthetimingoftheunstressedsyllablesinbetweenthembeingadjustedtoaccommodatethestresstiming.Syllable/'s?l?bl/syl·la·bleBasketball/'bɑ?sk?tb??l/bas·ket·bleTelephone/'tel?f??n/te·le·phoneDepartment/d?'pɑ?tm?nt/de·part·mentTelevision/'tel?v??n/te·le·vi·sionNecessary/'nes?s?ri/ne·ces·sa·ryRemarkable/r?'mɑ?k?bl/re·mar·ka·bleEducation/?ed?u'ke??n/ed·u·ca·tionNationality/?n???'n?l?ti/na·tion·al·i·tyPhysiology/?f?zi'?l?d?i/phys·i·ol·o·gyCommunication/k??mju?n?'ke??n/com·mu·ni·ca·tionExamination/?ɡ?z?m?'ne??n/ex·am·i·na·tionCreativity/?kri?e?'t?v?ti/cre·a·tiv·i·ty精選課件RhythmicPatterns在重讀音節(jié)和非重讀音節(jié)之間有長(zhǎng)短不同的停頓，非重讀音節(jié)越多，就讀的越快。精選課件stress-timednature...‘cats‘eatfishthe‘catis‘eatingthefishthe‘catstherehave‘eatenthefishthe‘catstheremusthave‘eatenthefishthe‘catstherecouldhavebeen‘eatingthefish精選課件RhythmicPatterns精選課件RhythmicPatterns精選課件RhythmicPatterns精選課件RhythmicPatterns精選課件RhythmicPatterns精選課件RhythmicPatterns精選課件ConsonantclustersWord-InitialClustersblblowbladeblackblameblankblockclclassclevercloseclueclingclarityflflagflakeflameflankflapflashglgladglassglowglideglazeglanceplplayplanpleaseplantplentyplugslslaveslangslowslotslipsleep精選課件brbreadbreakbringbrightbrownbrothercrcrackcradlecreamcreatecrycrossdrdreaddrydrilldreamdressdrivefrfromfryfrogfrontfriendfrostgrgreatgreengrowgroundgriefgrinprpraisepraypreachpracticepreparepresenttrtreetraytrytraintreattroubleWord-InitialClusters精選課件scscanscalescarescatterschoolscheduleskskirtskyskateskipskillskinslsleepslightsliceslyslipperslendersmsmallsmartsmellsmilesmokesmoothsnsnacksnowsnagsnailsnakesnapspspacespadesparespeakspokespoonststarstaystealstorestopstudentswsweepsweatswellswimswitchSwisssplsplitsplashsplendidsplendorsplurgesplicescrscrabblescramblescratchscreamscreensprspreadspringsprayspritesprinklesproutstrstrangestraightstressstreetstrongstrikesqusquaresquashsqueaksqueezesquealsquawkWord-InitialClusters精選課件thrthreethreadthrivethrowthroughthrillthwthwackthwaitethwartWord-InitialClusters精選課件Word-FinalClustersvoicelessconsonant+s/s/bookscapscupsvoicelessconsonant+t/t/factleftshiftvoicelessconsonant+ed/t/askedlookedworked-t+s/ts/boatscoatscatsvoicedconsonant+s/z/pigseggsfilmsvoicedconsonant+ed/d/closedturnedclimbed-d+s/dz/bedsspendsgrades-f/fe+s=ves/vz/leaveswivesknivesconsonant+y+s=ies/iz/ladiesstudiesstories/aiz/fliesspiestries精選課件otherconsonantformationchwatchesshwashesge+es/iz/bridgesxboxessbusest+ed/id/wanteddmended精選課件RhymeHumptyDumptysatonawall.HumptyDumptyhadagreatfall.Alltheking'shorses,Andalltheking'smen,Couldn'tputHumptytogetheragain.精選課件Blow,Wind,BlowBlow,wind,blow!Andgo,mill,go!Thatthemillermaygrindhiscorn;Thatthebakermaytakeit,Andintorollsmakeit,Andsendussomehotinthemorn.精選課件I'malittleteapotI'malittleteapot,shortandstout,Hereismyhandle,hereismyspout,WhenIgetallsteamedup,hearmeshout,Tipmeoverandpourmeout.精選課件Readingskills精選課件爆破音Plosives爆破音就是發(fā)音的時(shí)候，口腔中會(huì)形成一層阻礙，必須通過(guò)阻礙，發(fā)出的聲音。/b/be/p/peacap/d/bed

duck/t/bet

table/g/pig

girl/k/pick

cat精選課件爆破音+輔音爆破音和輔音相鄰時(shí)，爆破音不發(fā)出爆破聲，只保留發(fā)音動(dòng)作，稍作停頓，實(shí)際上，只有后一個(gè)輔音發(fā)音。/b/job

search/p/keep

quietstop

talkingfriendship

firstkeep

silentstep

forward精選課件爆破音+破擦音爆破音與/ts//dz//tr//dr//t?//d?//f//v//θ//e//s//z//?//?//r//h/相連時(shí)，輕微爆破。/d/hard

timesathousand

thanksagood

seasongood

news/t/post-cardjust

thenfirst

stepbright

sky精選課件爆破音+音節(jié)輔音爆破音與/m//n//?//l/相連時(shí)，輕微爆破。/g/abig

zooabig

treeabig

jarabig

fish/k/take

thistake

caretake

threeablack

jacket精選課件爆破音1+爆破音2+爆破音3第一個(gè)爆破音為不完全爆破，形成并保持較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，第二個(gè)不發(fā)音，第三個(gè)正常爆破。Sleptbadlylagged

behindcollect

penniesRobbed

carspicked

berriesadapt

tothegrowth精選課件爆破音的送氣當(dāng)爆破音/p/,/t/,/k/在重讀音節(jié)中緊跟在/s/的后面時(shí)，爆破音就不送氣。也就是由/b/替代/p/,/d/替代/t/，/g/替代/k/。Speaksparesportspyspring/sb/Schoolscarscorescareskirt/sg/Starstaystealstupidstock/sd/精選課件弱化weakening非重讀單詞弱化：1.元音弱化為/I/或者/?/be,me,he,she,the,wehis/?z/he/?/him/?m/a,an,some,the,them,us,am,are,can,do,does,had,has,have,must,shall,was,were,will,at,for,from,of,to,and,as,but,so,than,that,could,wouldhad/?d/has/?z/have/?v/must/m?s/will/?l/and/?n/2.有時(shí)候單詞的元音消失am/m/can/kn/do/d/had/d/has/z,s/have/v//z,s/some/sm/shall/

?l/them/em/was/wz/for/fr/from/frm/of/v,f/and/nd,n/than/en/精選課件StrongForms&WeakForms精選課件StrongForms&WeakForms精選課件StrongForms&WeakForms精選課件StrongForms&WeakForms精選課件StrongForms&WeakForms精選課件commoncontractions精選課件commoncontractions精選課件連讀Linking前一個(gè)單詞以輔音結(jié)尾，后一個(gè)單詞以元音開(kāi)頭，兩個(gè)詞就發(fā)生連讀：ComeinWorkoutGoodideaThinkofitReaditagainSpeakEnglishFirstofallAllofus精選課件r/re結(jié)尾的單詞+元音開(kāi)頭的單詞/r/添音ThereisThereareOurownMoreoverFarawayRememberitLateron連讀精選課件Glides/j/&/w/延音滑動(dòng)/j/glide:sayjitmyjowntoyjairplane/w/glide:Howwisit?bluewinkIsawwit精選課件AssimilationProgressiveAssimilation順同化前一個(gè)語(yǔ)音影響后一個(gè)語(yǔ)音studentslaughedbagsbacksmovedfishedRegressiveAssimilation逆同化后一個(gè)語(yǔ)音影響前一個(gè)語(yǔ)音Haveto/h?ft?/hasto/h?st?/usedto/ju:st?/horsehoe/h?:??u:/hisshirt/hi:???:t/cupboard/’k?b?d/fivepens/’fa?f’p?ns/He’sinp