七選五閱讀理解解題指導(dǎo)-2022屆高考英語沖刺段導(dǎo)與練(新高考)(學(xué)案)

03-1七選五閱讀理解解題指導(dǎo)

——2022屆高考英語沖刺段導(dǎo)與練（新高考）

【考情解讀】

高考閱讀理解第二節(jié)“七選五”真題上的題目要求為“閱讀下面的短文，從短文后的選項中選出可

以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項”。對比2021年前的《考試說明》中對題目要求“在

一段約300詞的短文中留出5個空白，要求考生從所給的7個選項中選出最佳選項，使補足后的短文意

思通順、前后連貫"，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，“七選五”閱讀理解主要考查考生對文章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)以及

上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握，要求考生從整體上把握文章的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容上的聯(lián)系，理解句與句、

段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系。也就是說考生要在理解短文的主旨要義、理解短文的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和理解短文中具

體信息的基礎(chǔ)上才能順利解題。本題是對考生多項閱讀理解能力的綜合考查，要求高，難度大。

“七選五”閱讀理解的命題以說明文體裁為首選，兼顧記敘文和議論文體裁。

“七選五”閱讀理解的設(shè)空位置有以下三類：段首、段中和段尾。句子在段落中的位置不同，所起的作

用也不同。段首空所要填的內(nèi)容起概括主旨的作用、段中空所要填的內(nèi)容起注釋細節(jié)的作用、段尾空所

要填的內(nèi)容起歸納總結(jié)的作用。除此而外，三種設(shè)空處所要填的內(nèi)容都有一個共同的作用：承上啟下。

【解題指導(dǎo)】

一、做前如何“讀”

“讀”是指：讀全文，讀選項。是先讀文章，還是先讀選項，要看考生平時養(yǎng)成的習(xí)慣而定。跳過

空格讀全文時，考生主要關(guān)注的是文章的主題、基本框架結(jié)構(gòu)以及說明/敘述（描寫）/論證的方法。

（關(guān)于說明文、記敘文、議論文的基本框架以及說明文的說明方法、記敘文的敘述/描寫方法、議論文

的論證方法，請參看本系列專題中的閱讀理解題解題指導(dǎo)。）

讀選項時，考生務(wù)必要弄懂各選項的意思。

二、做中如何“定”

“定”是指：定考向，定答案。

（一）考生要根據(jù)設(shè)空位置的不同確定考試的方向，確保七中選五時有的放矢。設(shè)空的位置通常有下列

三種情況：段首設(shè)空、段中設(shè)空和段尾設(shè)空。

（此外還有一種：標題設(shè)空。這類題目是比較特殊的一類，難度不大，高考文章越來越趨向于不

設(shè)這樣的空，但我們也需要了解這種題目的做題方法。該題目的特點就是短小精悍，且多為名

詞性短語或祈使句。）

1.段首設(shè)空：設(shè)空出現(xiàn)在段首，通常有下列兩種情況：全文首句設(shè)空和其他段落首句設(shè)空。

全文首句設(shè)空的考向是：全文主題句；引出全文主題的句子（主題在其后）；

段落首句設(shè)空的考向是：段落主題句和段落之間的過渡句或兼而有之；

2.段中設(shè)空：設(shè)空出現(xiàn)在段中，即出現(xiàn)在句子之間，通?？疾榫渥又g的邏輯關(guān)系。所要填空的內(nèi)容

通常是過渡句或細節(jié)支撐句。

3.段尾設(shè)空：設(shè)空出現(xiàn)在段尾，通常包括下列三種情況：首段末句設(shè)空、段落末句設(shè)空和全文末句設(shè)

空。

首段末句設(shè)空的考向是：承上啟下，引出全文要談的幾個方面（段落）；全文主題。

段落末句設(shè)空的考向是：段落主題句；（承上啟下）過渡句或細節(jié)支撐句；本段空格前面內(nèi)容的自然

結(jié)論。

全文末句設(shè)空的考向是：全文的總結(jié)（往往與文章開頭呼應(yīng)）。

總之一句話：無論在什么位置設(shè)空，考向通常不外呼下列三種情況：段首通常為主旨句，段中為

過渡句或細節(jié)支撐句，段尾為細節(jié)支撐句或總結(jié)句。

另外還有一種設(shè)空的方式，設(shè)空處本身成為獨立的一段：有時一個選項本身就是一個獨立的段落，

這時要注意，既承上啟下，又自成一體（即有一個段落中心）。

【典例1】（2021?全國乙卷）（引用原題號，以下同）

AccordingtoJessicaHagy,authorofHowtoBeInteresting,it'snotdifficulttomakeyourselfinteresting

atadinnerparty.

_36__,ifyou'reoutofyourcomfortzoneorifyou'rewanderingintosomebody'shouseforthefirst

time.Sothemainthingisjusttoshowupandbeadventurous,tryingdifferentfoodsandtalkingtostrangers.

Peoplelovetotalkaboutthemselves.Ifyoucanstarttheconversationwithaquestionotherthan“Whatdoyou

doforaliving?",you'Hbeabletogetalotmoreinterestingconversationoutofwhomeveritisyou'retalkingto.

_37___,itcanbringin“Ihavethisold,broken-downvehicle^^or“Irodethebuswiththesecrazypeoplewho

werelaughingatsillyjokesintheback.^^Itjustopensupconversation.

___38__?Ifyoucan'ttaketheirwineaway,youshouldcertainlytrytotakeawaytheirsoapbox（講臺）.If

you'rethehost,youcanaskthemtohelpyouinthekitchenwithsomethingandjustremovethemfromthe

situation.___39___.

Andwhataboutthatotherdinner-partykiller:awkwardsilence?Ifyou'refacedwithanawkwardsilence

atadinnerparty,theonlythingthatalwaysgetseveryonetalkingagainistogivethehostacompliment（贊揚）.

_40__.Justquicklyturnaroundandsay,“Thiscakeisextremelydeliciousandyouhavetotellmeallabout

it.”

Sobeinginterestingatadinnerpartyisn'tthathard.

A.Howdoyouknowthehost

B.Thefirststepistogoexploring

C.Ifyouaskthequestion“Howdidyougethere?^^

D.Bepreparedtohaveawkwardconversationswithstrangers

E.Orturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosay

F.Whataboutthatpersonwhohadtoomuchtodrinkorwon'tstoptalking

G.Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost

［典例2］（節(jié)選自2020?全國I卷）Recognizeallofyourstrengths.Writethemdowninajournal.Beginto

trainyourbraintolookatstrengthbeforeweakness.Listallofyouraccomplishmentsandachievements.You

haveajob,earnedyourdegree,andyougotoutofbedtoday.___39___

A.Feelingupsetagain?

B.Wheredoyoustart?

C.Nothingistoosmalltocelebrate.

D.Remember,youareonlyhuman.

E.Setanintentionforself-acceptance.

F.Stopcomparingyourselfwithothers.

G.Whendoesthecomparisongamestart?

（二）在根據(jù)設(shè)空位置確定了考試的方向以后，借助以下兩個“利用”定答案。

除了借助文本結(jié)構(gòu)特征和利用段落結(jié)構(gòu)特點定答案以外，考生最主要的還是要借助以下兩個“利

用'’來定答案。

1.利用句間邏輯關(guān)系定答案

一篇文章往往是一個有機的整體，各部分之間存在著一定的聯(lián)系，文章不僅是段落之間而且句子

間會構(gòu)成某種邏輯關(guān)系。因此，考生可借助以下常見的句子間的八種邏輯關(guān)系來定答案。

①解釋關(guān)系，也可以叫做總分關(guān)系，是指前面的句子陳述對象、觀點等，后面的句子緊接著分別

對其加以說明、解釋或論證。

【典例】（節(jié)選自2021?全國甲卷）Putdifferenttypesofclothingondifferentsurfacesintheroom.

___19___.Placeafewmirrorsaroundyourroomsopeoplecanseehowthingslookwhentheytrythemon.One

ofthegroundrulesoftheswapshouldbethateveryonemusttryontheclothesbeforetheytakethem—things

alwayslookdifferentwhenyouputthemon.

A.Lesspeoplethanthat

B.Holdaclothingswap

C.Iftwopeoplearecompeting

D.Justkeepmusicplayingthroughout

E.Donatewhateverclothesareleftover

F.Haveeveryoneputtheirclothesintherightspots

G.Telleveryonetobringcleanclothesingoodcondition

②轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系/讓步關(guān)系，是指前面句子所寫的內(nèi)容和后面句子所寫的內(nèi)容是相對或相反的。

【典例】1（節(jié)選自2021?浙江1月卷）Grocerystorestrytohaveenoughemployeesatcheckouttogetall

theircustomersthroughwithminimumdelay.___32___Anysmallinterruption—apricecheck,achatty

customer-canhavedownstreameffects,holdingupanentireline.

A.Whydoesthisalwaysseemtohappentoyou?

B.Sowhydon'tmostplacesencourageserpentinelines?

C.Someofthemmayhavestoodinaqueueforalmostanhour.

D.Thechancesofyourlinebeingthefastestareonlyoneinthree.

E.Howhighistheprobabilitythatyouareinthefastestwaitingline?

F.Withthreeregisters,thismethodismuchfasterthanthetraditionalapproach.

G.Butsometimes,asonaSundayafternoon,thesystemgetsparticularlybusy.

【典例】2（節(jié)選自202011」東卷）Someindividualsarebornwithagiftforpublicspeaking.___16___Do

youwanttobeagoodpublicspeaker?Herearesomeprinciplesyoumustmaster.

A.Dotheopposite.

B.Youwanttobeaneffectivepublicspeaker.

C.Youdon'tneedtoapologizeforaminorslip.

D.Whenitcomestopublicspeaking,lessisusuallymore.

E.Theobjectiveofmostspeechesistobenefittheaudience

F.Takethefearoutofpublicspeakingbyfocusingonyourlisteners

G.However,themajorityofpeopleareeffectivespeakersbecausetheytraintobe.

［典例】3（節(jié)選自2022?山西朔州三模）Havereasonableexpectationsaboutthepersonandhisabilityto

stopbeingself-absorbed.Thisisnotadisorderthatgoesawayonitsown-oftenthepersonwillneedintensive

counselingtodealwithhisnarcissism.Suggestcounselingifyouareinacloserelationshipwiththeperson,such

asamarriage.___39___,hisconditionmayimprovewithtreatment

A.Staypositiveandstrong-minded

B.Ignorethepersonwheneverpossible

C.Givehimorherahandwheneverpossible

D.Whilehemaynotbeabletostopthebehaviorcompletely

E.Oftenitisrootedinchildhoodissues,suchasabuseorneglect

F.Whenyouaresufferingfromthiskindofmentaldisorderoccasionally

G.Theymightevenlieorexaggerate（夸大）thetruthasawaytoliftthemselves

③因果關(guān)系，是指前后的句子有著原因和結(jié)果之間的關(guān)系，這種關(guān)系往往說明了前因后果或者前果

后因等情況。

【典例】（節(jié)選自2017?北京卷）Oneideaisthatsleephelpsusstrengthennewmemories.___72___We

knowthat,whileawake,freshmemoriesarerecordedbyreinforcing（力口強）connectionsbetweenbraincells,but

thememoryprocessesthattakeplacewhilewesleephavebeenunclear.

A.Weshouldalsotrytosleepwellthe.nightbefore.

B.It'sasifthebrainispreservingitsmostimportantmemories.

C.Similarly,whenpeoplegoforafewdayswithoutsleeping,theygetsick.

D.Theprocessestakeplacetostopourbrainsbecomingloadedwithmemories.

E.That'swhystudentsdobetterintestsiftheygetachancetosleepafterlearning.

F.”Sleepisthepricewepayforlearning,MsaysGiulioTononi,whodevelopedtheidea.

G.Tononi'steammeasuredthesizeoftheseconnections,orsynapses,inthebrainsof12mice.

④承接關(guān)系，也可以叫做順序關(guān)系，是指句子之間是按照事情發(fā)展順序或時間先后的順序來安排

的，其順序不可以顛倒。

【典例】（節(jié)選自2019?全國II卷）Anotherwayofsettingrealisticgoalsistoanalyzeyourshortandlong

termobjectives,keepinginmindyourbeliefs,valuesandstrengths.Rememberthatgoalsareflexible.___39___

Theyalsoneedtobemeasurable.Youmustkeepthesepointsinmindwhilesettingyourgoals.

A.Thiscanaffectyourwork.

B.Sohowshouldyoumotivateyourself?

C.However,thisshouldnotdiscourageyou.

D.Sowhyshouldwetrytosetspecificgoals?

E.Theycanchangeaccordingtocircumstances.

F.Motivationiswhatyouneedmosttodoagoodjob.

G.Withoutmotivationyoucanneithersetagoalnorreachit

⑤遞進關(guān)系，也可以叫做層遞關(guān)系，是指前后句子所寫的內(nèi)容，按語意的輕重、認識的深淺作由

輕到重、由淺入深的排列，是一種固定的層遞關(guān)系。

【典例】（節(jié)選自2019?全國I卷）___37___Iftheairyou'rebreathingisclean-whichitwouldbeifyou're

awayfromthesmogofcities-thentheairisfilledwithlife-giving,energizingoxygen.Ifyouexerciseoutof

doors,yourbodywilllearntobreathemoredeeply,allowingevenmoreoxygentogettoyourmuscles（肌肉）and

yourbrain.

A.Freshaircleansourlungs.

B.Sowhatareyouwaitingfor?

C.Beinginnaturerefreshesus.

D.Anothersidebenefitofgettingfreshairissunlight.

E.Butisfreshairreallyasgoodforyouasyourmotheralwayssaid?

F.Justasimportantly,wetendtoassociateairwithhealthcare.

G.Allacrossthecountry,recoverycentershavebegunbuildingHealingGardens.

⑥并列關(guān)系，是指句與句之間處于平等并列的地位，互不相屬，而只是組合在一起共同說明一個

問題。平列關(guān)系組合的語段，在次序上并不固定，如果局部改變句子的相互位置并不改變整個

語段的意思。

【典例】（節(jié)選自2020?新課標IH卷）Ahousewarmingpartyisaspecialpartytobeheldwhensomeone

buysormovesintoanewapartmentorhouse.Thepersonwhoboughtthehouseormovedistheonewhothrows

theparty.Thepartyisachanceforfriendsandfamilytocongratulatethepersononthenewhome.___36___

Anditisgoodtimetofillthenewspacewithloveandhopefullypresents.

A.Thisisn'tusualthough.

B.Itistraditionaltobringagifttoahousewarmingparty.

C.Youcanalsobringfoodordrinkstosharewiththeotherguests.

D.Ifyou'reluckyenoughtoreceivegifts,keeptheminasafeplace.

E.Italsogivespeopleachancetoseewhatthenewhomelookslike.

F.Thebesthousewarmingpartiesencourageoldfriendstogettogether.

G.Thiswassothatthepersoncouldkeeptheirhomewarmforthewinter.

⑦對比關(guān)系，是指前后句之間在邏輯上形成對比或比較。

【典例】（2017?全國III卷）Keeparecordandevaluateitweekly.Keeptrackofyoureffortsandwrite

downhowyoufeel.Afteryou'vetriedanewmethodforaweek,takealookatyourrecord.—20Ifnot,take

anotherlookatothermethodsyoucouldtry.

A.Getasleepspecialist.

B.Findtherightmotivation.

C.Abetterplanforsleepcanhelp.

D.Andconsidersettingasecondalarm.

E.Ifthestepsyoutakeareworking,keepitup.

F.Sticktoyoursetbedtimeandwake-uptime,nomattertheday.

G.Reconsiderthe15minutesyouspendinlineatthecafetogetcoffee.

⑧例證關(guān)系，是指前后句的某句是為了證明另一句而舉的例子。

【典例】（2016?全國1卷）Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography.___37___Forexample,thefirst

lettersof“Myelephanteatstoomanyeels“spelloutthehiddenmessage“Meetme”.

A.Itisveryhardtobreakacodewithoutthecodebook.

B.Inanylanguage,somelettersareusedmorethanothers.

C.Onlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage.

D.Aslongastherehavebeencodes,peoplehavetriedtobreakthem.

E.Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout.

F.Withacodebook,youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforotherwords.

G.Anotherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet.

2.利用詞匯銜接手段定答案

詞匯銜接是文章語意連貫的重要手段。因此利用詞匯銜接來定答案不失為一種有效的方法。

①代詞銜接手段：英語表達中的代詞出現(xiàn)的頻率極高，代詞的作用是指代前面提及的名詞或形容詞

概念，巧妙利用這樣的指代關(guān)系和根據(jù)代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)差異可以準確而快速地解題。

②同義詞/近義詞銜接手段：英語前言后語之間往往有同義詞、近義詞、近義表達語甚至相同詞匯的

重復(fù)使用，這是我們解題的一個很好的判斷線索。其實就其本質(zhì)而言，上文講的代詞和下文將涉

及的上下義詞和同一范疇詞都是特殊的同義/近義詞。

③上下義詞/同一范疇詞銜接手段：上下義詞和同一范疇詞就是前者包含了后者，或可以說后者是前

者的一個子集。利用前后句中這樣的特殊的同義關(guān)系常?？梢院茌p松地解題。

【典例1]（2021?全國甲卷）?Invite5—10peoplesoyouhaveaniceselection.___17___,andtheremay

notbeenoughthingstochoosefrom;morethanthat,anditbecomesuncontrollable.

A.Lesspeoplethanthat

B.Holdaclothingswap

C.Iftwopeoplearecompeting

D.Justkeepmusicplayingthroughout

E.Donatewhateverclothesareleftover

F.Haveeveryoneputtheirclothesintherightspots

G.Telleveryonetobringcleanclothesingoodcondition

[典例2]（2021?新課標II卷）Andwhataboutthatotherdinner-partykiller:awkwardsilence?IfyouTe

facedwithanawkwardsilenceatadinnerparty,theonlythingthatalwaysgetseveryonetalkingagainistogive

thehostacompliment（贊揚）.__40___.Justquicklyturnaroundandsay,“Thiscakeisextremelydeliciousand

youhavetotellmeallaboutit."E.Orturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosay

A.Howdoyouknowthehost

B.Thefirststepistogoexploring

C.Ifyouaskthequestion“Howdidyougethere?^^

D.Bepreparedtohaveawkwardconversationswithstrangers

E.Orturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosay

F.Whataboutthatpersonwhohadtoomuchtodrinkorwon'tstoptalking

G.Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost

【典例3]（2015?新課標I卷）___39___Ifyou'vebeenbetrayed,youarethevictimofyourcircumstance.

Butthere'sadifferencebetweenbeingavictimandlivingwitha“victimmentality”.Atsomepointinallofour

lives,we'Hhaveourtrusttestedorviolated.

A.Learntoreallytrustyourself.

B.Ilisputtingconfidenceinsomeone.

C.Stopregardingyourselfasthevictim.

D.Rememberthatyoucanexpectthebestinreturn.

E.They'vcbeentoobadlyhurtandtheycan'tbeartoletithappenagain.

F.Thisknowledgecarriesoverintheirattitudetowardtheirfuturerelationships.

G.Seeingthepositivesideofthingsdoesn'tmeanyou'reignoringwhathappened.

【典例4]（2（）14?新課標I卷）Yourchildrenneedtobedeeplycurious.___37___Askkids,“What

ingredients（酉己料）canweaddtomakethesepancakesevenbetternexttime?”andthentrythemout.Didthose

ingredientsmakethepancakesbetter?Whatcouldwetrynexttime?

A.Encouragekidstocookwithyou.

B.Andwecan'tforgetscienceeducation.

C.Wecangivekidschancestothinkaboutmaterialsinnewways.

D.Sohowcanwehelpourkidsprepareforjobsthatdon'tyetexist?

E.Gardeningisanothergreatactivityforhelpingkidsdevelopthisskill.

F.Wecandothisinreallifeoraskquestionsaboutcharactersinstories.

G.Beingabletocommunicateideasinameaningfulwayisavaluableskill.

[典例5]（2012?新課標卷）Trytosolvetheproblem.Afteryou9recalmandyouhavesupportfromadults

andfriends,it'stimetogetdowntobusiness.___74___Evenifyoucan'tsolveitall,youcansolveapieceofit.

A.Askforahelpinghandtogetyouthroughthetoughsituation.

B.Noticeyourfriends'feelingsandfindawaytohelpthem.

C.Differentpeoplefeelstressindifferentways.

D.Ah,itfeelssogoodwhenthestressisgone.

E.Youneedtofigureoutwhattheproblemis.

F.Anddon'tforgetaboutyourfriends.

G.Then,findawaytocalmdown.

友情提醒：警惕虛假復(fù)現(xiàn)，請看以下例子：

【典例5]（2015?新課標I卷）___38___Havingconfidenceinyourselfwillhelpyoumakebetterchoices

becauseyoucanseewhatthebestoutcomewouldbeforyourwell-being.

A.Learntoreallytrustyourself.

B.Itisputtingconfidenceinsomeone.

C.Stopregardingyourselfasthevictim.

D.Rememberthatyoucanexpectthebestinreturn.

E.They'vebeentoobadlyhurtandtheycan'tbeartoletithappenagain.

F.Thisknowledgecarriesoverintheirattitudetowardtheirfuturerelationships.

G.Seeingthepositivesideofthingsdoesn'tmeanyou'reignoringwhathappened.

三、做后如何“驗”

“驗”是指：將選項代入原文，驗證答案，驗證多余選項！驗證行文是否通順；驗證選項與其上句

或下句之間是否有必然的邏輯關(guān)系；驗證選項中是否有單詞、詞組、句子成分或與所選答案所在段內(nèi)容

相匹配或重合；最后，如果時間容許，還要驗證剩下的兩個選項，看看是否有充足的理由舍去不選（理由

見本專題的附錄）。

現(xiàn)在用如下兩個例子試圖演繹完整的解題過程，但是有必要提醒考生注意：在高考中時

間不允許也不可能像這樣按部就班的。

【以“例”釋"法”]

例1（2021?新高考I卷）MyhusbandandIjustspentaweekinParis.___36___Sothefirstthingwedidwas

rentafantasticallyexpensivesixth-floorapartmentthesizeofacupboard.Itwassotinythatwehadtoleaveour

suitcasesinthehallway.

Theplacewasn'tentirelyauthentic,though.UnlikeanormalParisianapartment,theplumbing（水管）

worked.___37___Ourbuildingevenhadatinyliftwithafemalevoicethatsaid,"Ouverturedesportes/9in

perfectFrench.ThatistheonlyFrenchphraseImastered,andifsashameIdon'thavemuchuseforit.

Parisiansaredifferentfromyouandme.Theyneverlooklazyoruntidy.Assomeonenotedinthispapera

coupleofweeksago,theyeatgreatfoodandnevergainweight.___38___Frenchstrawberriesdonottastelike

cardboard.Instead,theyexplodeinyourmouthlikelittleflavorbombs.

___39____OnourfirstmorninginParis,Iwentaroundthecornertothefoodmarkettopickupsome

groceries.Iboughtahandfulofperfectlyripesmallstrawberriesandalittlesweetmelon.MyhusbandandI

agreedtheywerethebestfruitwehadevereaten.Buttheycost$18!

InFrance,qualityoflifeismuchmoreimportantthanefficiency.

Youcantellthisbycafeslife.Frenchcafesarealwayscrowded.___40___Whendothesepeoplework?

TheFrenchtaketheir35-hourworkweekseriously-soseriouslythatsomelaborunionsrecentlystruckadeal

withagroupofcompanieslimitingthenumberofhoursthatindependentcontractorscanbeoncall.

A.Notallthecustomersaretourists.

B.ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.

C.Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.

D.Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.

E.That'snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.

F.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.

G.Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon'tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.

一、讀全文，讀選項

二、定考向，定答案

三、將選項代入原文，驗證答案（見上面各題解析中的相關(guān)內(nèi)容）！

例2（2020?浙江卷）1experiencedyearsoflonelinessasachild.___31___Hisfriendsteasedhimabout

babysittinghissisterandhisinterestswerefardifferentfrommine.Withnootherkidsofmyageinthe

neighborhood,Ihadtospendhoursbymyself.

Abrightspotformeturnedouttobereading.Myloveofthewrittenwordbeganearlyasmymotherreadto

meeveryevening.___32___Istartedreadingbooksonmyownbeforeage5andmymothertookmetothe

publiclibraryonceaweektoborrowseveralbooks.Iquicklygraduatedfromtypicalchildren'sbookstoones

withfewerpicturesandlongerchapters.Readingopenednewworldstome.___33___

MymotheralsoencouragedmetomakewhatIwanted.Itriedmakingtoycarswithcardboardboxesand

constructingbuildingsfromleftovercardboardandbitsofwoodmyfathergaveme.Whenmymothersawmy

creations,shetoldmehowcreativemydesignswere.___34___Ilearnedalotabouthowtoextendthelifeof

objectsandtransformthemintosomethingnewanduseful.Itwasatrait（特點）othersfoundhelpful,andIsoon

hadfriendswhowantedtomakethingswithme.

___35___Myparentsmadeitapointfortheirtwokidstospendtimeoutside,nomattertheweatheror

season.Mybrother,ofcourse,racedofftobewithhisfriends,whileIhadplentytodomyself.Therewas

makingleafhousesinautumn,iceskatinginwinter,andsomuchmore.They'reallmemoriesItreasuretoday.

A.Iwasn'taloneanylonger.

B.Ienjoyedreadingstoriesaloud.

C.Iwasinvitedtoplaywithanotherkid.

D.Ilovedthecolorfulphotographsinthebooks.

E.AnotherhabitIformedearlywasbeingoutdoors.

F.Thus,Ibeganmylifelonginterestinmakingthings.

G.Myolderbrothercouldn'tbebotheredtoplaywithme.

一、讀全文，讀選項

二、定考向，定答案

附錄

一、主題句干擾項語義特征

1.語義太過寬泛，一語不能中的

（2019-^feBIII#）Inanonlineclass,developinghealthypatternsofcommunicationwithprofessorsisvery

important.___36___WhileIhaveonlylistedtwoofeach,thereareobviouslymanyothersituationsthatcan

arise.Studentsshouldbeabletoextendthelogic（邏輯）ofeachtotheirparticularcircumstance.

Do's

▲___37___Questionsaboutsubjectcontentaregenerallywelcomed.Beforeaskingquestionsaboutthe

coursedesign,readthesyllabus（教學(xué)大綱）andlearningmanagementsysteminformationtobesuretheanswer

isn'thidinginplainsight.

AParticipateindiscussionforums（論壇）,blogsandotheropen-endedforumsfordialogue.___38___Be

suretostayontopicandnotofferirrelevantinformation.Makeapoint,andmakeitsafeforotherstodothe

same.

Don't's

▲Don'tsharepersonalinformationorstories.Professorsarenottrainednurses,financialaidexpertsor

yourbestfriends.Ifyouareinneedofadeadlineextension,simplyexplainthesituationtotheprofessor.

―39―

▲Don'topenlyexpressannoyanceataprofessororclass._40___Whenastudentattacksaprofessoron

thesocialmedia,thelanguageusedactuallysaysmoreaboutthestudent.Ifthereistrulyaconcernabouta

professor\professionalismorability,besuretouseonlinecourseevaluationstocalmlyofferyourcomments.

A.That'swhattheyarefor.

B.Turntoanonlineinstructorforhelp.

C.Ifmoreinformationisneeded,theywillask.

D.Rememberthatonlineprofessorsgetalotofemails.

E.Belowaresomecommondo'sanddon'tsforonlinelearners.

F.Everyonehastakenanot-so-greatclassatonetimeoranother.

G.Askquestions,butmakesuretheyaregood,thoughtfulquestions.

B.Turntoanonlineinstructorforhelp.

D.Rememberthatonlineprofessorsgetalotofemails.

G.Askquestions,butmakesuretheyaregood,thoughtfulquestions.

【分析】37空位于段首，考查主題句。根據(jù)Dos和Donts中各段首句的特點可知，設(shè)空處為主題句

并且是祈使句，選項中有三個是祈使句。由37空處后一句中的關(guān)鍵詞questions可知，這里

是與“咨詢、請教問題”有關(guān)。D選項“記住，在線教授會收到很多電子郵件”與后面內(nèi)容毫無

關(guān)系，可以排除。選項B”向網(wǎng)絡(luò)講師尋求幫助”則太過寬泛，一語不能中的。因為求助的方

式有很多種，問問題只是其中一種，而且并沒有概括出“怎么提問''這一要點。再進一步細讀

下文，Beforeaskingquestions...read...tobesuretheanswerisnthidinginplainsight（問問題之前,

要讀讀教學(xué)大綱等來確保答案不是隱藏在表層），也就是說，問問題要確保有深度，故選項

G才；正確。

2.語義偏離主題，牛頭不對馬嘴

（2018?全國I卷）Colorisfundamentalinhomedesign-somethingyou'llalwayshaveineveryroom.A

graspofhowtomanagecolorinyourspacesisoneofthefirststepstocreatingroomsyou'lllovetolivein.Do

youwantaroomthat'sfulloflife?Professional?Orareyoujustlookingforaplacetorelaxafteralong

day?___36___,coloristhekeytomakingaroomfeelthewayyouwantittofeel.

Overtheyears,therehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportant

point.___37___,theycangetalittlecomplex.Butgoodnewsisthatthere9rereallyonlythreekindsofdecisions

youneedtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome:thesmallones,themediumones,andthelargeones.

___38___.They'rethelittlespotsofcolorlikethrowpillows,mirrorsandbasketsthatmostofususetoadd

visualinteresttoourrooms.Lesstiringthanpaintingyourwallsandlessexpensivethanbuyingacolorfulsofa,

smallcolorchoicesbringwiththemthesignificantbenefitofbeingeasilychangeable.

Mediumcolorchoicesaregenerallyfurniturepiecessuchassofas,dinnertablesorbookshelves.___39___.

Theyrequireabiggercommitmentthansmallerones,andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingofa

space.

Thelargecolordecisionsinyourroomsconcernthewalls,ceilings,andfloors.Whetheryou'relookingat

wallpaperorpaint,thetime,effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant.___40___.

A.Whileallofthemareuseful

B.Whateveryou'relookingfor

C.Ifyou'reexperimentingwithacolor

D.Smallcolorchoicesaretheoneswe'remostfamiliarwith

E.It'snotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpieces

F.Soitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttime

G.Colorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways

【分析】38空位于段首，考查主題句。該空后用的是句號，說明要填一個完全句，故ABC三個選項

都不能用（因為它們都是狀語從句）。分析空格后的句子They'rethelittlespotsofcolorlike

throwpillows,mirrorsandbasketsthatmostofususetoaddvisualinteresttoourrooms,可以發(fā)

現(xiàn)這一句的主語是“they”,代詞的指代要往前找，則空格句的要體現(xiàn)“they”的含義。D、E和

G符合這種分析。結(jié)合39空前后句不難確定答案就是G,剩下D和。再看第三、第四段的

開頭的主題句對應(yīng)了themediumones和thelargeones,所以第二段就應(yīng)該對應(yīng)thesmalloneso

而干擾項E中雖然有small,但該句偏離了本段主題，與下文牛頭不對馬嘴。故只有D項正

確。

3.語義以偏概全，只見樹不見林

（2017?全國I卷）IfanyonehadtoldmethreeyearsagothatIwouldbespendingmostofmyweekends

camping.Iwouldhavelaughedheartily.Campers,inmyeyes,werepeoplewhoenjoyedinsectsbites,ill-cooked

meals,anduncomfortablesleepingbags.Theyhadnothingincommonwithme.___36___

Thefriendswhointroducedmetocampingthoughtthatitmeanttobeapioneer.___37___Wesleepina

tent,cookedoveranopenfire,andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom.Thisbrief

visitwithMotherNaturecostmetwodaysofffromwork,recoveringfromabadcaseofsunburnandthe

doctor'sbillfbrmyson'sfoodpoisoning.

Iwas,nevertheless,talkedintogoingonanotherfun-filledholidayinthewilderness.__38___Instead,we

hadapop-upcamperwithcomfortablebedsandana