適用于新高考新教材備戰(zhàn)2025屆高考英語一輪總復習教材知識復習Unit4Breakingboundaries課件外研版選擇性必修第二冊

Unit4

Breakingboundaries主題語境:人與社會——打破邊界

1強基礎語基自測2研考點核心突破目錄索引

3測效果課堂評價4研真題鏈接高考1強基礎語基自測默寫查驗一、核心單詞1.

v.處理,對付(難題)

2.

adj.極其重要的

3.

n.意外的幸運事;奇跡

4.

v.選派(角色)

5.

adj.聯合的,共同的

6.

adj.共有的,共同的tackle

vital

miracle

cast

joint

mutual語境應用Ⅰ.用所給單詞的適當形式填空1.Hehas

(cast)herasanambitiouslawyerinhislatestmovie.

2.Shesketchedoutherplanfor

(tackle)theproblem.

3.Hebelievesonlytheoreticalsciencecancreate

(miracle).

cast

tackling

miracles默寫查驗二、派生單詞1.

v.協(xié)助,幫助→

n.幫助→

n.助手,助理;管理員

2.

adj.悲慘的,不幸的→

n.悲慘的事,不幸,災難→

adv.悲慘地

3.

v.給(某人)換班;使減輕;緩解→

n.寬慰;輕松;(痛苦或憂慮的)減輕或解除

4.

vt.致力于;奉獻→

n.奉獻→

adj.獻身的;忠誠的

assistassistanceassistant

tragictragedytragicallyrelieverelief

devotedevotiondevoted

5.

n.和諧,協(xié)調,融洽→

adj.和睦的,融洽的→

adv.和諧地

6.

n.報酬,獎金vt.酬勞,獎賞→

adj.值得做的,有意義的

7.

v.致力于,獻身于→

adj.獻身的;專心致志的;一心一意的→

n.獻身,奉獻

8.

vt.影響n.影響;作用→

adj.有影響力的

harmonyharmoniousharmoniously

rewardrewarding

dedicatededicateddedication

influenceinfluential語境應用Ⅱ.用所給詞的適當形式填空

1.His

behaviorshadadeep

onme.Thatis,I

byhimgreatly.(influence)

2.Asan

,he

theprofessorincarryingouttheproject.Andwithouthis

,itcouldn’tbecompletedontime.(assist)

3.Tomygreat

,drugs

muchofmypain.(relieve)

4.Shewasa

woman,andshe

allhertimetoherwork.Asaresult,her

tothejobleftherwithverylittlefreetime.(devote)

5.Hence,the

activitywill

uswithmanybenefits.(reward)

influentialinfluencewasinfluencedassistantassistedassistance

reliefrelieved

devoteddevoteddevotionrewardingreward默寫查驗三、重點短語1.

號召

2.

白白地,徒勞,無結果3.

把……置于危險之中4.

使產生,使出現5.

付出了巨大的代價6.

接替某人的工作,頂替某人的位置7.

冒險,心存僥幸8.

展望;指望callon

invain

put...atrisk

bringforth

atagreatcost

stepintosb’sshoes

takeanychances

lookto語境應用Ⅲ.用左欄所給短語的正確形式填空1.Hetriedtoattracttheattentionofthewaiter,but

.

2.I’mdeliveringmyworkbyhand—I’mnot

.

3.WhenBillwasill,hisdaughterhadto

tomanagethecompany.

4.Whenintrouble,weshould

thefuture,whichwillgiveenoughhopeandconfidencetomoveforward.

invain

takinganychances

stepintohisshoes

lookto默寫查驗四、典型句式1.動詞不定式短語作表語教材原句:Mymissionwasto

relieve

Emma,aCanadianspecialistininfectiousdiseasesattheendofherposting.2.It

is/was+the+序數詞+time

(that)...教材原句:It

isnotthe

first

timetheauthorhasworkedwithMSF.3.不定式短語作原因狀語教材原句:Whenwevisitedthewardthenextmorning,wewereamazedto

seethatagainstallodds,bothboyswerestillalive.語境應用Ⅳ.微寫作1.對他來說,最重要的事情就是拯救生命。(動詞不定式短語作表語)Tohim,themostimportantthing

.

2.這是我第一次同外國人說話。(Itis+the+序數詞+time...)

toaforeigner.

3.聽說你奶奶病了,我十分難過。(不定式短語作原因狀語)

yourgrandmotherisill.

was/istosavelives

ItisthefirsttimethatIhavespokenI’msorrytohearthat2研考點核心突破核心詞匯突破1.vital

adj.極其重要的,必不可少的

【練會】單句語法填空①AsfarasI’mconcerned,itisvital

(keep)accuraterecords.

【寫美】微寫作·背誦②在中國,當你參加晚宴時,注意餐桌禮儀是至關重要的。(話題寫作之風俗、禮儀)

inChinawhenyouattendadinnerparty.

tokeepIt’svitalthatyoushouldmindyourtablemanners③沒有海洋,就沒有生物生存。因此,海洋對我們至關重要。(話題寫作之環(huán)境保護)Withouttheoceans,nolivingthingswouldsurvive.Sooceans

.

含蓄條件句

arevitalfor/tous歸納

be

vital

for/to...對……是極重要的/必不可少的It

is

vital

to

do

sth.做某事極其重要。It

is

vital

that...……十分重要。點津

在句型“It

is

vital

that...”中,從句謂語動詞要用“(should+)動詞原形”的形式。2.compensate

v.彌補,補償→compensation

n.補償,賠償;賠償金,補償金

【練會】單句語法填空①Theinsurancecompanywillcompensateyou

yourlossinthedisaster.

②Hereceivedalargesumofmoneyas

(compensate)forhislossinthefire.

【寫美】微寫作·背誦③我相信你的熱情和勤奮可以彌補你缺乏經驗的不足。(應用文之建議信)Ibelieveyourenthusiasmanddiligencecould

.

for

compensation

compensateforyourlackofexperience歸納

(1)compensate

for賠償,補償compensate

sb

for

sth因為某事補償某人(2)in

compensation

for作為對……的賠償,作為對……的補償佳句

Nothing

can

compensate

for

the

loss

of

time.沒有什么能彌補失去的時間。3.rewarding

adj.值得做的,有意義的→reward

n.報酬,獎金

vt.酬勞,獎賞

【練會】單句語法填空①(2023全國甲卷)Aday’sworkwasrewarded

￡5inpocketmoney.

②Winningthematchwasjustareward

theefforttheteamhadmade.

【寫美】微寫作/一句多譯·背誦③我自己做爆米花是一次有趣而有收獲的經歷。Makingmyownpopcornwas

.

with

for

afunandrewardingexperience④我將獎勵你一輛電動自行車,感謝你幫我戒煙?！鶬will

helpingmegetridoftobaccoabuse.

→Iwillofferyouanelectricbike

getridoftobaccoabuse.

rewardyouwithanelectricbikeforinrewardforhelpingme歸納

(1)reward

sb

for

(doing)

sth因(做)某事而獎賞/酬謝某人reward

sb

with

sth用某物獎賞/回報某人(2)in

reward

for為獎賞……;為報答……as

a

reward

for作為對……的獎賞/回報佳句

About

2

hours

later,we

all

reached

the

top.Though

out

of

breath,we

were

rewarded

with

beautiful

scenery.(話題寫作之活動介紹)

大約兩小時后,我們都到了山頂。盡管(累得)上氣不接下氣,然而我們看到了美麗的風景。狀語從句的省略

4.dedicate

v.致力于,獻身于→dedicated

adj.獻身的;專心致志的;一心一意的→dedication

n.獻身,奉獻

【練會】單句語法填空①Shewasoverjoyedandfeltthatherhardworkand_________________

(dedicate)hadpaidoff.

dedication

【寫美】一句多譯·背誦②能夠獻身于自己的祖國,為實現理想而斗爭,這是最光榮不過的事情了?！鶷hemosthonorablethingthatIcandoisto__________________________

andstriveformyideal.

→ThemosthonorablethingthatIcandoisto_________________________

andstriveformyideal.

dedicatemyselftomycountrybededicatedtomycountry歸納

(1)dedicate

oneself

to

(doing)

sth致力于(做)某事,獻身于(做)某事(2)be

dedicated

to

(doing)

sth致力于(做)某事,獻身于(做)某事佳句

His

dedication

to

work

and

to

people

is

admirable,which

truly

inspires

me

to

become

a

man

like

him

in

the

future.(話題寫作之人物介紹)他對工作和對人們的奉獻精神令人敬佩,這真的激勵著我將來成為一個像他那樣的人。注意true的副詞形式

5.influential

adj.有影響力的,有支配力的→influence

v.影響

n.影響;作用

【練會】單句語法填空①Languagematerialsforpracticeare

(influence)inbothlanguageteachingandcultureexchanging.

②Theveryearliestsculpturesweremade

theinfluenceofGreekart.

【寫美】微寫作·背誦③范仲淹提出建立國民學校制度,對中國的教育制度產生了深遠的影響。(話題寫作之人物介紹)FanZhongyanproposedtheestablishmentofanationalschoolsystem,which

theChineseeducationalsystem.

influential

under

hadafar-reachinginfluenceon歸納

have

an

influence

on/upon對……有影響under

the

influence

of...在……的影響下佳句

Family

education

has

always

deeply

influenced

me,which

has

benefited

me

a

lot.(應用文之發(fā)言稿)家庭教育一直深深地影響著我,它使我受益匪淺。6.put...at

risk

把……置于危險境地

【練會】單句語法填空①WhentheytriedinvaintorescuethebrothersandTabatha,a__________

(risk)ideacametothem.

②Tim’sbrokenlegwasat

riskofinfection.

【寫美】微寫作·背誦③母親冒著失去生命的危險保護著她在廢墟下的小兒子。(讀后續(xù)寫之母愛)Themother

toprotectherlittlesonundertheruins.

risky

the

riskedlosingherownlife歸納

(1)at

risk處境危險;遭受危險take

risks/a

risk冒險at

the

risk

of...冒著……風險(2)risk

doing

sth

冒險做某事risk

one’s

life

to

do

sth

某人冒著生命危險做某事(3)risky

adj.冒險的,危險的★補遺缺

微點練全Ⅰ.一詞多義1.castA.v.垂下B.v.分配角色C.v.扔D.n.全體演員

①Hewascastasthemostimportantroleintheplay.

②Thecastoftheplayincludedaninternationalstar.

③Shecasthereyesdowntoavoiddirecteyecontact.

④Thestormcastthelittlerowboatontherocks.

BDAC2.mountA.v.騎上,跨上B.v.增加,增長C.v.安裝,鑲嵌D.v.登上①Thechildren’sexcitementismountingasChristmasgetsnearer.

②Hemountedtheplatformandbegantospeaktotheassembledcrowd.

③Thechildren’sworkhasbeenmountedoncolouredpaperandputuponthewallsoftheclassroom.

④Hemountedhishorseandrodeaway.

BDCAⅡ.教材熟詞生義1.relieve項目意義例句熟義v.

Beingabletotellthetruthatlastseemedtorelieveher.生義v.

Atseveno’clockanotherdoctorcametorelieveher.緩解給(人)換班2.inclusive項目意義例句熟義adj.

Therentisinclusiveofwaterandheating.生義adj.

Thepartymustadoptmoreinclusivestrategiesandabroadervision.包含全部費用的包容廣闊的重點句型透視It

is/was+the+序數詞+time

(that)...[教材原句]It

isnotthe

first

timetheauthorhasworkedwithMSF.這不是作者第一次與無國界醫(yī)生組織合作。【練會】單句語法填空①ItisthefirsttimethatI

(write)anapplication.

②ItwasthefirsttimeI

(feel)myteacherwassuchagentlewoman.

havewrittenhadfelt【寫美】微寫作·背誦③現在是我們重視并積極參加體育課的時候了。It’shightime

PEclasses.

④我頭一回讀到一本好書,對我來說好像交了一位新朋友。Thefirsttime

,itistomejustasifIhadgainedanewfriend.

wevaluedandactivelyparticipatedinIreadanexcellentbook歸納

It

is/was

the

first

time

(that)...(如果前面用is,從句謂語動詞用現在完成時;如果用was,則用過去完成時。)It’s

time

(for

sb)

to

do

sth.該是(某人)做某事的時候了。the

last/first

time+從句

上次/第一次……It’s

high/about

time

that...是……的時候了。3測效果課堂評價Ⅰ.單句語法填空——分層級強化高頻考點A組

基礎必練1.

(tragic),thesideeffectsofthedrugwerenotdiscovereduntilmanypeoplehadbeenseriouslydamagedbyit.

2.Inordertorelievethepressure

thestudents,ourschoolpotteryclubwillholdapotterycreationcompetitionwiththethemeof“spring”intheschoolhallnextSaturday.

3.Onthe20thofthatmonth,Dr.Welchexaminedasickboy,Billy,andknewhehaddiphtheria,adeadly

(infect)diseasemainlyaffectingchildren.

Tragically

of

infectious

4.AWesternyoungmanistryingsohardtopickupthenoodleswithtwoforksthesamewayasweChineseholdchopsticks,but

vain.

5.Welook

maximizethereturnwegetonourinvestmentoftime.

in

to

B組

高考鏈接6.(2023全國乙卷)Learningabouttherequirementsofeachplantcanbevery

(reward).

7.(2022全國乙卷)Itisbelievedthattoday’schildrenandteenagersareconsumingthreetimestherecommendedlevelofsugar,puttingthem_______

ahigherriskofthedisease.

8.(2022全國乙卷)InWickenden’sbook,sheexpandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoonfeminism,whichofcourse

(influence)thegirls’decisiontogotoElkhead.

rewarding

at

influenced

9.(2021新高考全國Ⅰ卷)...anincreasinglyconcernednationtookfirmactiontostopthedestructionofmigratory(遷徙的)waterfowlandthewetlandssovital

theirsurvival.

10.(2021浙江6月卷)LeslieNielsen’s

(devote)toactingiswonderfullyinspiring.

to

devotionⅡ.語篇填空——語境中應用單元要點Alargenumberofmedical1.

(specialist)volunteeredtogototheaffectedareatoassistthedoctorsandnursesinrelievingpains2.______

thepatients.Walkingthroughthewards,theydedicated

3._____________

(they)totheworkthere.Asforthem,itisvital

4.

(do)theirpartwhenourcountryfacesdisasters.Tomakepeopleliveina5.___________

(harmony)andpeacefulenvironment,itis6.

(reward)forthemtosacrificetheirownbenefits.Becauseoftheirjoint

7.

(effort),theepidemicdiseasewascontrolled.Itisthedevotionofthese8._____________

(influence)figuresthatbrings

forththemiracle.

specialists

of

themselves

todo

harmonious

rewarding

efforts

influentialⅢ.話題微寫作——場景中提升寫作技能(黑體部分用本單元詞匯表達)應用文寫作——演講稿第一步

單句寫作1.1863年,美國第十六任總統(tǒng)亞伯拉罕·林肯在葛底斯堡登上戰(zhàn)場的講臺向人群發(fā)表了著名的演講,以紀念為國家犧牲的士兵。(mount)

,AbrahamLincoln,thesixteenthPresidentoftheUnitedStates

inafieldandgavethefamousaddresstothecrowdinGettysburgin1863.

Inmemoryofthesoldierswhodiedforthecountrymountedaplatform

2.聯邦付出了巨大的代價,贏得了發(fā)生在葛底斯堡的最慘烈的戰(zhàn)役。(atagreatcost)

,theUnionwontheworstbattlewhichtookplaceatGettysburg.

3.基于他們的理想,他們的祖先來到這個地方構想自由和創(chuàng)造正義。(conceive)Basedontheirideals,theirancestorscametothisplace

.

4.他說,他們正在進行一場偉大的內戰(zhàn)。(beengagedin)Hesaidthey

.

Atagreatcost

toconceivelibertyandcreatejusticewereengagedinagreatcivilwar

5.它考驗著這個國家能否長久存在下去,但他們會堅持下去。(endure)Ittestedwhetherthisnation

,buttheywouldcarryon.

6.他宣布,這個國家不會讓任何人白白犧牲,他們的政府永遠不會從地球上消失。(invain,perish)Hedeclaredthat

andthattheirgovernmentwouldnever

.

couldlongendurethecountrywouldnotletanyonedieinvainperishfromtheearth第二步

句式升級7.用現在分詞短語作狀語合并句4和句5Hesaidtheywereengagedinagreatcivilwar,testingwhetherthisnationcouldlongendure,buttheywouldcarryon.第三步

連句成篇(注意使用恰當的銜接詞)Inmemoryofthesoldierswhodiedforthecountry,AbrahamLincoln,thesixteenthPresidentoftheUnitedStatesmountedaplatforminafieldandgavethefamousaddresstothecrowdinGettysburgin1863.At

a

great

cost,theUnionwontheworstbattlewhichtookplaceatGettysburg.Basedontheirideals,theirancestorscametothisplacetoconceivelibertyandcreatejustice.Hesaidtheywere

engaged

inagreatcivilwar,testingwhetherthisnationcouldlongendure,buttheywouldcarryon.Hedeclaredthatthecountrywouldnotletanyonediein

vainandthattheirgovernmentwouldneverperishfromtheearth.4研真題鏈接高考(2022新高考全國Ⅰ卷,閱讀D)——一個關于唇齒音演化的成果Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon“m”and“a”totherareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthanothers?Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld’slanguages.Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas“f”and“v”,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamiánBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned(對齊),makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure(結構),makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn’thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn’tgrowtobesolarge.AnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof“f”and“v”increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago.“Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,”saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.一、理清脈絡

二、真題再做32.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamiánBlasi’sresearchfocuson?A.Itsvariety.

B.Itsdistribution.C.Itsquantity. D.Itsdevelopment.答案

D

解析

細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段的“Now

a

team

of

researchers

led

by

Damián

Blasi

at

the

University

of

Zurich,Switzerland,has

found

how

and

why

this

trend

arose.”可知,Damián

Blasi的研究關注的是人類語言的發(fā)展。故選D項。33.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.D.Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.答案

C

解析

推理判斷題。根據第三段可知,古代成年人的上下門牙排列整齊,很難產生唇齒音,唇齒音是通過下唇接觸上牙形成的。后來,我們的下巴變成了覆頜結構,更容易發(fā)出這樣的聲音。由此可知,古代成年人難以發(fā)出唇齒音的原因是覆頜結構不好。故選C項。34.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.答案

A

解析

段落大意題。第五段提到,一個語言數據庫的分析也證實,新石器時代之后,世界語言的發(fā)音發(fā)生了全球性的變化,在過去的幾千年里,“

f

”和“

v

”的使用顯著增加。這些音在今天許多狩獵采集者的語言中仍然找不到。由此可知,第五段是為上文提到的研究發(fā)現進一步提供證據。故選A項。35.WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?A.Itiskeytoeffectivecommunication.B.Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.C.Itisacomplexanddynamicsystem.D.Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.答案

C

解析

細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段Steven

Moran說的話可知,自人類出現以來,我們所使用的語音并不一定一直保持穩(wěn)定,而是我們今天發(fā)現的各種語音是生物變化和文化進化等復雜因素相互作用的產物。由此可知,語言是一個復雜的動態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選C項。三、語言能力1.掌握構詞知識詞根派生詞義例句

appearance

“Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,”saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.appear

出現詞根派生