2024屆云南省高三下學(xué)期3+3+3高考備考診斷性聯(lián)考（二）英語試題

2024屆“3+3+3”高考備考診斷性聯(lián)考卷（二）英語注意事項(xiàng)：1．答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考場號、座位號填寫在答題卡上。2．每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號。在試題卷上作答無效。3．考試結(jié)束后，請將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。滿分120分，考試用時100分鐘。第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ABesidesgettingoutintonatureyourself,thenextbestthingistotakeitallinthroughthepagesofabook.Butwheretostart?Checkoutournaturalhistorybookrecommendations.LivingasaNaturalistByLiuHuajie,ChinaHaveyoueverwantedtogetdowntothelevelofplantsandseetheworldthroughtheir“eyes”?LivingasaNaturalistinvitesyouintothisworld.Thisbookmakesnaturalhistoryaccessibleandattractive.ItinterpretsancientChineseeducationalandphilosophicalideasofknowingaboutnaturefromanaturalhistoryperspective.ItalsointroduceskeyfiguresintheWest’sapproachtothesubject.Thisisalldonewithahumorousandengagingwritingstylewhilefeaturingbeautifulimagesofplantsandanimals.MyFirstSummerintheSierraByJohnMuir,US/UKInthesummerof1869,JohnMuir,a31-year-oldScottishimmigrant,joinedagroupofshepherdsinthefoothillsofCalifornia’sSierraNevadamountainrangeforanadventurethatprovedlife-changingforhim.Duringthosefourmonths,hekeptadiarywhilefollowingaflockofsheep,paintingagloriouspictureofidyllicforestsandmajesticmountainpeaks.ThisdiarywastitledMyFirstSummerintheSierra,whichinspiredthousandsofAmericanstovisitthearea.Itlaterbecamethewell-knownYosemiteNationalPark.ThePeregrineByJ.A.Baker,UKIn1965,JohnA．Bakergaveuphisworkandlivedonhisearnings,devotingallhistimetoobservingtheperegrinefalcon（游隼）.Fromautumntospring,BakertrackedthecomingsandgoingsofapairofperegrinefalconsineasternEnglandbybicycleandonfoot,documentingtheirlivesandtheenvironmenttheylivein.Likethebirditself,Bakerhasakeeneyefordetail.Thebird’smostexcitingmoments,likefastflyingandhuntingprey,arebroughttolifebyBaker.Inhiseyes,themostimportantaspectsofnaturalhistoryanditsdocumentationarepatience,passionandobservation.1．WhatisincludedinLivingasaNaturalist?A．Storiesaboutshepherds. B．Drawingsofwesternfigures.C．Picturesofcreatures. D．Theoriesaboutnaturalscience.2．WhatdoesMyFirstSummerintheSierraleadto?A．Immigrants’pursuitofanindependentlife. B．Thepopularityofnaturalhistorybooks.C．John’sdedicationtoanimalprotection. D．People’saffectionfortheregion.3．WhatmakesThePeregrineasuccess?A．Greatpatienceandsubtleobservation.B．Thehumorousandengagingwritingstyle.C．Theconceptof“wilderness”rootedinBaker’sheart.D．Practicalexamplesoflivingharmoniouslywiththebird.BFromsweepinglandscapestoamazingbuildings,Taiwanisanislandthatmanytouristsvisitfrequently.That’swhyitcanseemoddthatoneofitsmostfamouslandmarksistwohumblemailboxes.LocatedintheZhongshanDistrictinthecityofTaipei,theseuniquemailboxeshavecaughtthepublic’simaginationthankstotheirappearance.Unlikemostmailboxes,thesetwoareseverelybent.Duetoitslocation,Taiwantendstobestruckbytyphoons,asitisusuallyhitbythreeorfourwindstormsayear.In2015,aparticularlybadoneknownasTyphoonSoudelorstrucktheisland.Duringthestorm,abillboardgotlooseduetotheheavywindsandhitthemailboxes.Whileitbenttheirposts,itdidn’ttearthemdown.Afterthestormwasover,peoplecameacrossthenewlyleaningmailboxesandfellinlovewiththem.Notonlydidtheylookadorable,buttheywerealsoasymbolofresilience（堅(jiān)韌）andsurvival.Socialmediaquicklycaughtwindofthesenewlandmarksandpeoplebeganvisitingthem.Itwasn’tlongbeforetheystartedstagingfunphotoswiththenewlandmarks,usingforcedperspective—similartothewaytouristsposeinItalywiththeLeaningTowerofPisa.Thisledauthoritiestoacceptthesymbolismofthemailboxeswillingly,andinsteadofrepairingthem,theyaddedaboardtellingtheirstoryinChinese,English,andJapanese.Theboardreads:“OnAugust8th,2015,TyphoonSoudelorstruckTaiwan.Wewerehitintheheadsbyasignboardasaresultandcouldn’thelpbutleanoverfromthepain.Itwassopainfulinfact—wecan’tstandupstraightanymore.Butwepersevered:wedidn’tfalloverafterall.Wehavetotakelifeasitcomesandinaway,Ithinkwelookmoreartsyandsophisticatedthisway!Doweinspireyou?Takeapicturewithustoremindyourselvesthatweareallsurvivorsandcanperseverenomatterwhat.”ThebestpartofthisTaipeiattractionisthatthemailboxesarestilloperational.Thelettersintheboxesareevenmarkedwithaspecialstampthatshowsthefamousmailboxes.4．Whyarethemailboxesbent?A．Theywerestruckbyabillboard.B．Theyweresqueezedbyahugestone.C．Theywereblownoverbythestrongwind.D．Theywereremodeledonpurposebytheirdesigner.5．Whydidn’tthegovernmentrepairthemailboxes?A．Theyweredifficulttofix. B．Theyhadbecomeverycommercialized.C．Theyweregainingpopularityamongtourists. D．TheywereacomforttotheTyphoonsufferers.6．WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph4probablymean?A．Havingexperiencedalot. B．Withdelicatedecorations.C．Offirst-classquality. D．Beingwindproof.7．Howdothemailboxesinspirepeople?A．Theypresentveryhighartisticvalue.B．Theyindicatefocusonbeautyappreciation.C．Theywarnpeopleofdamagingeffectsoftyphoons.D．Theysymbolizegreatcourageinthefaceofadversity.CBrazilianscientiststhinktheymighthavefoundawaytoundothedamagecausedbythecuttingdownoftreesandturnfarmlandbackintoforest.Thesecretliesinancientlocalknowledgeofsoil.AmazonianDarkEarth（ADE）isathick,blacksoilfounddeepintheAmazonrainforest,anditcouldhelprestoreforestsaroundtheworld.ADEisakindofcompost（soilmadefromdeadplantsandanimals）.Variouskindsofcompostaresoldingardeningcentersaroundtheworld,butADEisunique.ItwascreatedbyindigenouspeoplefromtheAmazonbetween2,000and2,500yearsago.TheAmazonianpeople,todayknownasAmerindians,createdADEusingcharcoalfromfires,animalbones,foodwasteandpoo.Itcontainsmicrobes（微生物）thathelptoturnchemicalsinthesoilintousefulnutrientsthatfeedplantsandtrees.VastareasoftheAmazonhavebeencutdown,mostlytomakewayforgrasslandforraisingcattle.Scientistsarelookingforawaytoturngrasslandbackintorainforestandreviveforestecosystems.Thesesupportthousandsofanimalandplantspecies,manyofwhichareuniquetothearea.Forestsalsoabsorblotsofcarbondioxide.ToseeiftheAmazon’sspecialsoilcouldhelp,thescientistsgrewgrassesandtreesinADE,regularearthandamixtureofboth.TreesgrowninADEwereuptosixtimestallerthanthoseinregularsoil.ADEtakeshundredsofyearstocreate,sothescientistscan’tsimplymakemore.Teammember,DrSiuMuiTsai,saidthatinsteadtheywanttotryand“copyitscharacteristics”,especiallyitshelpfulmicrobes,andseeifitcouldhelptorestorenaturalhabitats.8．WhatmakesADEvaluable?A．Itshistoryofthousandsofyears. B．Itspotentialtoenhancereforestation.C．Itsmedicalpropertiesforplantsandanimals. D．ItsbeingdiscoveredbytheAmazonianpeople.9．WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A．Thenecessityofrestoringforests.B．Theserioussituationofendangeredanimals.C．ThepositiveeffectsofADEonforestecosystems.D．Theadaptationofgrasslandstothechangingclimate.10．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．AnalternativeisboundtoreplaceADE.B．Soilwithsimilarfeaturesisindevelopment.C．ADEworksbetterwhenmixedwithregularsoil.D．ADEhasbeenprovedeffectiveingrowingtrees.11．Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A．Abiologytextbook. B．Anarcheologyjournal.C．Asciencemagazine. D．Aliterarycollection.DInthemorethan6,000yearsoflivingincities,humanshavealwayshadtofindsolutionstoproblemsconcerninghowtheyliveandwork,suchassanitation,transportation,crimeandenvironmentalprotection.Today,usingcutting-edgetechnologies,smartcitiescancoverthemall.Wearenowintheeraofbeing“smart”.AccordingtotheEuropeanCommission,asmartcityis“aplacewheretraditionalnetworksandservicesaremademoreefficientwiththeuseofdigitalsolutionsforthebenefitofitsinhabitantsandbusinesses”.Itmeanssmarterurbantransportnetworks,upgradedwatersuppliesandwastedisposalfacilitiesandmoreefficientwaystolightandheatbuildings.Italsomeansamoreinteractiveandresponsivecityadministration,saferpublicspacesandmeetingtheneedsofanagingpopulation.Theoriginoftheconceptofsmartcitiescanbetracedbacktothe1960sand1970s,whentheUSCommunityAnalysisBureaubeganusingdatabases,aerialphotographyandotherdigitalmethodstocollectdataanddoanalysissothatthecitiescoulddirectservices,relievetheinfluenceofdisastersandreducepoverty.Smartcitiesrelyheavilyonautomation,connectivitytotheInternet,andtheInternetofthings（IoT）.AccordingtoTWI,aglobalorganizationdedicatedtotechnologyengineering,asmartcityoperatesaccordingtofourbasicsteps:collection,analysis,communication,andaction.Inthisapproach,asetofsmartsensorswillcollectreal-timedataaboutpeopleandinfrastructure.Afterthedatacollectedisanalyzed,theresultwillbecommunicatedtothedecision-makers,whowilltakeactiontoimprovethequalityofcitylifeforitsresidents.Smartcitytechnologieshavealreadybeenappliedinsomecountriesandcitiesaroundtheworld.Singapore,forexample,hasintroducedawiderangeofsmarttechnologiesinbothitspublicandprivatesectorssincelaunchingitsSmartNationinitiativein2014.Tohelpwiththeagingpopulation,itintroducedadigitalhealthsystemallowingvideoconsultationsaswellaswearabledevicestomonitorpatients.12．Whatisthemainfeatureofasmartcity?A．Itcanmeettheneedsoftheelderly. B．Itisfullyevolvedandmulti-functional.C．Ithighlydependsonmoderntechnologies. D．Itisaplacewhereonecanliveacarefreelife.13．WhatmayTWIagreewith?A．Decision-makersaresupposedtoanalyzethereal-timedata.B．Jointeffortsarerequiredtoensuretheoperationofasmartcity.C．Thequalityofcitylifehasimprovedduetothegovernmentinitiative.D．Problemsstillexistinthesmartcitydespitegreatconvenienceitbrings.14．WhyisSingaporementionedinthelastparagraph?A．Topraiseitscontributiontotheworld.B．Toshowitsadvantageoverothercountries.C．Togainwidespreadsupportforasmartcity.D．Toillustratetheapplicationofsmartcitytechnologies.15．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．SmartCity:ABriefHistory B．SmartCity:LivetheSmartWayC．SmartCity:SayGoodbyetothePast D．SmartCity:BothChancesandChallenges第二節(jié)（共5小題，每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。TheMaasaipeoplearethemosteasilyidentifiableinKenyawiththeirverycolorfulclothingandornamentsonthebody.Theyliveanomadiclife,raisingandhuntinganimalsnearsomeofKenya’smostvisitedwildlifeparks.16ItisatraditionforayoungMaasaiman,calledamoranintheMaasailanguage,tokillalionalonewithaspeartoshowthatheisaman.Withthekill,amoranwouldbeabletowina“l(fā)ionname”andadmirationamongyoungwomen.17Instead,theyoungMaasaiwilltakepartinajavelin（標(biāo)槍）throwingcompetitionataneventcalledtheMaasaiOlympics.MingatiSamanya,attheageof69,isoneoftheMaasaielders.Duringhisyouth,Samanyakilledtwolionstoshowhewasaman.18SamanyaisnowamongtheelderswhoaretryingtopushtheyoungMaasaitodosomethingdifferenttoprovethemselves,whichincludesparticipatinginjavelinthrowing,jumpingandotheractivitiesinthecommunityOlympics.19Inthepast,theykilledlionsanddidn’tgetanybenefitfromit.Rightnow,whenthemoransthrowajavelin,runorjump,theygetnotjustmedals,butalsosomemoney.20ThankstotheMaasaiOlympicsanditsappealingpracticeinparticular,thelionpopulationinpartsoftheKimanaSanctuary（保護(hù)區(qū)）nearMountKilimanjarohasincreased10timesoverthelast20years.A．Itcanhelpprovidefortheirfamilies.B．Quiteoftenwomenalsojoinintheevents.C．Thatishowhehadthe“l(fā)ionname”Mingati.D．HerecomeshowtheyprotecttherightsoftheMaasai.E．ButtheMaasaiseemtobeendingthetradition.F．However,theirhuntinghasoftenbeentakenasathreattothelions.G．OnaSaturday,themoransnearKimanawillcompeteforrewards.第二部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。At59,DoctorXiaoJiulinstandsonly90centimeterstall.Heisthe21ofachildhooddiseasethatseverelyinfluenceshisbone22.Astheonlydoctorattheclinic,he23allthework.However,nothingseemstoo24forXiao.Yetitwasalmostimpossibleto25hisdreamofbecomingadoctor.Hisparentscouldn’taffordhis26beyondhighschool,andhedesperatelyneededto27himself.Helearnedpalm-reading,always28tostudymedicineandsavelives,though.His29paidoff.Hegotthechancetoapprenticeataclinic30fortwoyearsandstudiedatalocalmedicalschoolforanotherthreeyears.Hethenreturnedtohishomevillagetobeadoctor.Nopatientcametohis31atfirst.Thevillagers,whowere32ofhiscompetence,wouldrathergototheneighboringvillagesfor33.“Irefusedtobe34,knowingIneededtoimprovemyselfto35theirtrust,”saidXiao.Hereadmedicalbookswheneverhehadtime.Todaytheclinichasprovidedprimarycareforatleast2,000villagers,butasXiao’sreputationgrows,morepatientsfromneighboringareascometoconsulthim.21．A．patient B．victim C．specialist D．subject22．A．development B．transformation C．flexibility D．firmness23．A．a(chǎn)ssigns B．supervises C．organizes D．undertakes24．A．a(chǎn)chievable B．tough C．desirable D．risky25．A．giveup B．holdback C．stickto D．makeup26．A．training B．practice C．equipment D．education27．A．motivate B．a(chǎn)ccept C．challenge D．support28．A．proceeding B．ceasing C．desiring D．hesitating29．A．a(chǎn)ssessment B．perseverance C．a(chǎn)ttachment D．tolerance30．A．permanently B．a(chǎn)ccidentally C．eventually D．barely31．A．clinic B．studio C．hospital D．laboratory32．A．unconvinced B．ignorant C．unconscious D．envious33．A．recovery B．consultation C．operation D．confirmation34．A．cross B．overwhelmed C．dependent D．frustrated35．A．earn B．maintain C．enhance D．restore第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。TheannualYuyuanGardenlanternshowinShanghai,whichis36（original）fromtheHanDynasty,hasbeenlistedasoneofChina’sformsofintangibleculturalheritage.Itisoneofthecountry’soldestlanternfairs,37localsgotoenjoythefestiveatmosphereandwisheachotherwell.Now,thebelovedYuyuanGardenlanternshow38（take）placeoutsideofChinafortheveryfirsttime,3960large-sizedstructuresandmorethan2,000lanternslightingtheoldestamusementparkinParis.Fromdragon-shapedlanternstopatterns40（inspire）bythelegendaryworldof“TheClassicofMountainsandSeas”,aChineseliteraryclassic,theYuyuanGardenlanternshowinParishasbuiltaworldoflightsandimaginationforvisitors,showcasingthecharmoftraditionalChineseculture.Highlightingvariousculturaland41（spirit）symbols,thelanterndisplaysincludemythicalcreaturessuchasKunpengandYinglong,42（represent）ambitionandstrength.Beyondthelanterns,visitorscanalsoadmiretraditionalChinesecostumesand43（accessory）,andenjoyChinesecuisine.Withamixtureofdancing,acrobatics（雜技）44martialartsperformances,thelanternshowpromisestobe45immersiveexperienceintheworldofChinesefolkloreandlanterns.Morethanjustalanternshow,italsoservesasanopeningactivitytocelebratethe60thanniversaryoftheestablishmentofdiplomaticrelationsbetweenChinaandFrancein1964.第三部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（滿分15分）假定你是李華，上周你校舉辦了科技節(jié)。請給你的筆友Kevin寫一封郵件介紹相關(guān)情況。內(nèi)容包括：1．活動介紹；2．對你的影響。注意：1．寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80詞左右；2．開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。DearKevin,Howisitgoing?___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Howaboutyourschoollife?Anticipatingyourearlyreply!Yours,LiHua第二節(jié)（滿分25分）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Asajournalist,Ihavehadthechancetomeetsomeremarkablepeopleindifferentfields,butnoonehasimpressedmemorethanAustinRiley.AustinRileyisaracecardriver.Hehasbeenattractingcrowdstotheracetrackforyears.Buthisclaimtofameisn’tjustbeingfastonthespeedway.Heisovercomingdifficultiesonthetrackforthosewithdisabilities.Rileyhasautism（自閉癥）.Simpletasksliketyinghisshoesareextremelycomplicatedforhim,butwhenputinaracecar—acomplex,delicatepieceofmachine—hewilltakeyoubysurprise.IfirstmetRileyandhisfatherJasonin2014,inUxbridge,Ontario,atthelocalgo-carttrack.IstillrememberhowexcitedRileywastohavemeandmycameramantherefilminghiseverymove.Hewasago-cartracerthen.Hecouldbarelytalktome,letalonelookatme.Nomatterhowquietandshyhewas,Iknewthiskidwasgoingtobesomethingbig.Thego-carttrackiswhereRiley’sracingcareerbegan.Hisdad,Jason,justwantedtogivehimsomethingtofocushisenergyon.Rileyhasalwayslovedcars.Hehasbeencrazyaboutthemsincehewasaveryyoungchild.Healsolovesspeed.Theminutehehitthegas,hismindbegantomovefastandeverythingfeltinsync（同步）.Riley’sjourneyonthetracksoontookhimfromfastgo-cartstoreallyfastcars.HebecamethefirstpersonwithautisminCanadatogethisracecarlicence.ItopenedupthetrackforRileytodriveinthebigleagues—theRadicalMotorsportscircuit.RileyisnowracingacrossNorthAmerica,puttinghimonthepodium（領(lǐng)獎臺）almosteverytime.注意：1．續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2．請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。However,behindeverysuccessforRileyandhisfamilyisastoryofhardship.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Rileyhasalsomadeadifferenceoffthetrack._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2024屆“3+3+3”高考備考診斷性聯(lián)考卷（二）英語參考答案第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題，每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）1～5CDAAC 6～10ADBAD 11～15CCBDB第二節(jié)（共5小題，每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）16～20FECGA第二部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）21～25BADBC 26～30DDCBC 31～35AABDA第二節(jié)（共10小題，每小題1.5分，滿分15分）36．originally37．where38．istaking/takes39．with40．inspired41．spiritual42．representing43．a(chǎn)ccessories44．a(chǎn)nd45．a(chǎn)n第三部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（滿分15分）【參考范文】DearKevin,Howisitgoing?Ican’tholdbackmythrilltosharewithyousomethingabouttheScienceFestivalheldlastweekinourschool,whosepurposewastocultivatestudents’interestinscienceandpromotetheirinnovativethinking.Thefestival,consistingofaseriesofactivities,fascinatedbothstudentsandteachers.TheexhibitionofAImodelssuchasChatGPTandSorablewourminds,whilethelectureaboutthevariouscareeropportunitiesthatsciencecanopenupforuswasreallyinspiring.Weevengottoexperiencethehands-onactivitiesourselves.NowI’mdeterminedtopursueacareerinscienceandbetterservehumanitywithit.Howaboutyourschoollife?Anticipatingyourearlyreply!Yours,LiHua第二節(jié)（滿分25分）【參考范文】However,behindeverysuccessforRileyandhisfamilyisastoryofhardship.Ontheonehand,Rileyhadtoacceptrehealthytraining.Heimprovedhisinterpersonalskillsanddevelopedapositiveandoptimisticattitude.Ontheotherhand,heworkedhardtolearnthetheoryofracing,underwentintensivetrainingandboostedracingskillsthroughfrequentcompetitions.Hisparentssacrificedalottokeephimracing.Itwasexpensive.Aweekendtournamentcouldcosttensofthousandsofdollars,notincludingtravel,foodandhotels.Theirfundcamefromsomesponsors,donations,commercialsalesandpodiumwins.Rileyhasalsomadeadifferenceoffthetrack.Helaunchedaneducationcampaignnamed“RacingwithAutism”.Hehostedhundredsofpresentations,tellingkids,teachersandparentsabouthisstory.FamilieswithchildrenwithautismfeltifRileycoulddowhathewasdoing,theirkidswouldhaveachancetoo.Rileyoftentellsmehewantstochangetheworld.“IfeelveryhappyandproudofwhatI’mdoing…Because,yes,I’maracerandyes,Iloveracing,butI’mdoingittochangetheworld,”hesays,“Myheartischangingtheworld.”【解析】第一部分閱讀第一節(jié)A主題語境：人與自然——博物類書籍【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是應(yīng)用文。介紹了有關(guān)自然歷史的三本經(jīng)典書籍。1．C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“...whilefeaturingbeautifulimagesofplantsandanimals.”可知，該書的一大特色是含有漂亮的動植物圖片，故選C。2．D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句“ThisdiarywastitledMyFirstSummerintheSierra,whichinspiredthousandsofAmericanstovisitthearea.”可知，該書激發(fā)了人們對此地的熱愛之情，故選D。3．A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Inhiseyes,themostimportantaspectsofnaturalhistoryanditsdocumentationarepatience,passionandobservation.”可知，在Baker眼里，自然歷史及其文獻(xiàn)最重要的方面是耐心、熱情以及觀察。由此可見，他作品的成功得益于他極大的耐心和敏銳的洞察力，故選A。B主題語境：人與社會——臺北郵箱【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是說明文。介紹了臺北中山區(qū)的兩個郵箱在臺風(fēng)期間被廣告牌砸中，發(fā)生嚴(yán)重彎曲卻依然不倒，因其可愛的外形和獨(dú)特的象征意義而受到游客的喜愛。4．A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第三、四句“Duringthestorm,abillboardgotlooseduetotheheavywindsandhitthemailboxes.Whileitbenttheirposts,itdidn’ttearthemdown.”可知，在風(fēng)暴期間，一塊廣告牌因強(qiáng)風(fēng)而松動，砸到了郵箱，使其彎曲，故選A。5．C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Socialmediaquicklycaughtwindofthesenewlandmarksandpeoplebeganvisitingthem.”和第三句“Thisledauthoritiestoacceptthesymbolismofthemailboxeswillingly,andinsteadofrepairingthem...”可知，社交媒體很快就聽到了這些新地標(biāo)的風(fēng)聲，人們開始參觀它們，這讓當(dāng)局心甘情愿地接受了郵箱的象征意義，所以并沒有修理他們，故選C。6．A詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段第三、四、五句“Itwassopainfulinfact—wecan’tstandupstraightanymore.Butwepersevered:wedidn’tfalloverafterall.Wehavetotakelifeasitcomesandinaway,Ithinkwelookmoreartsyandsophisticatedthisway!”可知，郵箱被廣告牌砸中，痛得忍不住俯下身來，但還是堅(jiān)持了下來，終究沒有倒下，他們隨遇而安，在某種意義上，沒有被修復(fù)過的郵箱看起來更有藝術(shù)感，更有故事感，故選A。7．D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最后兩句“Doweinspireyou?Takeapicturewithustoremindyourselvesthatweareallsurvivorsandcanperseverenomatterwhat.”可知，郵箱在風(fēng)暴中堅(jiān)持了下來，象征著面對逆境的巨大勇氣，故選D。C主題語境：人與自然——亞馬遜黑土【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是說明文。介紹了在亞馬遜雨林深處發(fā)現(xiàn)的一種黑土（ADE）可以幫助恢復(fù)世界各地的森林。8．B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“AmazonianDarkEarth（ADE）isathick,blacksoilfounddeepintheAmazonrainforest,anditcouldhelprestoreforestsaroundtheworld.”可知，亞馬遜黑土的價值在于它可以幫助恢復(fù)世界各地的森林，故選B。9．A段落大意題。通讀第三段可知，亞馬遜大片森林被砍伐，變成了草原?？茖W(xué)家們正在尋找一種方法，讓草原重新變成雨林，恢復(fù)森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。這些生態(tài)系統(tǒng)支持著成千上萬的動植物物種，其中許多是該地區(qū)特有的。森林還能吸收大量的二氧化碳。由此可見，本段主要介紹了退耕還林的必要性，故選A。10．D推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“TreesgrowninADEwereuptosixtimestallerthanthoseinregularsoil.”可知，生長在亞馬遜黑土中的樹木比生長在普通土壤中的樹木高六倍，說明亞馬遜黑土在促進(jìn)樹木生長方面非常有效，故選D。11．C文章出處題。全文介紹了亞馬遜黑土可以幫助恢復(fù)世界各地的森林，很可能出自一本科學(xué)雜志，故選C。D主題語境：人與社會——智慧城市【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是說明文。介紹了智慧城市的定義、起源、特點(diǎn)以及應(yīng)用。12．C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Today,usingcutting-edgetechnologies,smartcitiescancoverthemall.”以及第四段第一句“Smartcitiesrelyheavilyonautomation,connectivitytotheInternet,andtheInternetofthings（IoT）.”可知，智慧城市利用尖端技術(shù)解決生活中的諸多問題，且在很大程度上依賴于自動化、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)連接以及物聯(lián)網(wǎng)。由此可見，智慧城市高度依賴現(xiàn)代技術(shù)，故選C。13．B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容可知，根據(jù)TWI的說法，智慧城市的運(yùn)行遵循四個基本步驟：收集、分析、溝通和行動。在這種方法中，一組智能傳感器將收集有關(guān)居民和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的實(shí)時數(shù)據(jù)。在對收集到的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析后，結(jié)果將傳達(dá)給決策者，決策者將采取行動改善其居民的城市生活質(zhì)量。由此可見，智慧城市的正常運(yùn)行需要多方的共同努力，故選B。14．D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Smartcitytechnologieshavealreadybeenappliedinsomecountriesandcitiesaroundtheworld.”可知，智慧城市技術(shù)已經(jīng)在世界上一些國家和城市得以應(yīng)用。后面提到新加坡，是為了進(jìn)行例證，故選D。15．B最佳標(biāo)題。本文介紹了智慧城市的定義、起源、特點(diǎn)以及應(yīng)用。B項(xiàng)中的LivetheSmartWay一語雙關(guān)，體現(xiàn)出智能科技下的智慧生活，具有很強(qiáng)的概括性，故選B。第二節(jié)主題語境：人與社會——部落傳統(tǒng)的變革【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是說明文?！蔼?dú)自用長矛殺死一頭獅子”是肯尼亞馬賽部落男性成人的象征?，F(xiàn)在，這一傳統(tǒng)正在改變。16．F考查文章段間的呼應(yīng)關(guān)系。本段介紹了肯尼亞馬賽人的生活方式，本句“他們的狩獵經(jīng)常被認(rèn)為是對獅子的威脅”與最后一段的最后一句“由于馬賽奧運(yùn)會及其吸引人的做法，乞力馬扎羅山附近Kimana保護(hù)區(qū)的部分地區(qū)的獅子數(shù)量在過去20年里增加了10倍”，形成照應(yīng)，故選F。17．E考查句間轉(zhuǎn)折和對比關(guān)系。本句“但馬賽人似乎正在結(jié)束這一傳統(tǒng)”與前一句“通過獵殺獅子，一個年輕的馬賽男性將能夠獲得一個‘獅子的名字’和年輕女性的欽佩”形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系；與后一句“相反，年輕的馬賽人將參加一場被稱為馬賽奧運(yùn)會的標(biāo)槍比賽”形成對比關(guān)系，句中的“but”、“instead”是提示，故選E。18．C考查段間因果關(guān)系。第二段第一、二句介紹了馬賽部落男性成人的傳統(tǒng)“獨(dú)自用長矛殺死一頭獅子”，還可獲得“獅子的名字”和年輕女性的欽佩；本段第一、二句介紹了現(xiàn)年69歲的馬賽長老MingatiSamanya在年輕時殺死了兩只獅子，與“他擁有‘獅子名’Mingati”為因果關(guān)系，故選C。19．G考查段落主題句。本段介紹了馬賽奧運(yùn)會的獎勵方式及其效果，reward與文中的benefit、medal、money對應(yīng)，故選G。20．A考查句間解釋關(guān)系。前句介紹了馬賽奧運(yùn)會的獎勵不