2022-2023學(xué)年山東省聊城市高三（上）期末英語試卷（含解析）

2022-2023學(xué)年山東省聊城市高三（上）期末英語試卷

題號一二三四五總分

得分

注意事項：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇

題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡對應(yīng)題目的答案標號涂黑；如需改動，用橡

皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在試卷

上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第I卷（選擇題）

一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共分）

A

Withawaveofredesignedeco-friendlyhotelsopeningacrossthecountry,it*stimetoenjoya

wonderfulhotelstayduringyourtravel.AffordablehotelsacrossAustraliaareliftingthebar

withoutliftingthepricetag,astheysharpentheirfacilities,styling,locationsandfoodina

bidtoattractusthroughthefrontdoor.Thefollowingaresomewonderfulhotelsforyourkeen

stayduringtravel.VOCOMELBOURNECENTRALAstylishnew-buildhotellieswithin

Melbourne'sbeatingheart,withbig-cityviews,windowsthatactuallyopen,aheatedpooland

astrongsustainabilityfocusincludingbeddingmadefromrecycledplastics,andbamboobikes.

From$251,THEBENSON,CAIRNSForloversofAmericana,the

locally-owned,101-roomhotelchannelsaMiami-Floridabeachvibewithastylishartdeco

slant,withlivemusicandarooftopbar,decoratedwithrecycledmaterials.Thefour-star,

city-centrehotelisfiveminutesfromtheesplanade.From$220,.auAC

BYMARRIOTTMELBOURNESOUTHBANKASpanishflavour,urbaneroomdesignand

expansiveviewsovertheMelbourneCBDskyline,allsetashorttramridefromFlindersSt

Station,whichhelpsreduceyourcarbonfootprint.From$220,

HOLIDAYINNEXPRESS&SUITES,SUNSHINE

COASTOpenedinMaroochydoreinMay,thenewestenergy-savingHIEincludessuites

designedforlongerstays,withkitchenettesandseparatelivingroomsgreatfortravelling

familiesorcouples.From$239,

1.Whichhotelmaybethebestchoiceforamusiclover?

A.THEBENSON,CAIRNSB.VOCOMELBOURNECENTRALC.ACBY

MARRIOTTMELBOURNESOUTHBANKD.HOLIDAYINNEXPRESS&SUITES,

SUNSHINECOAST

2.Whatdothesehotelshaveincommon?

A.Theyallhaveseaviewrooms.B.Theyallhavegoodreputations.C.Theyareall

environmentallyfriendly.D.Theyarealllocatedinthecitycenter.

3.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?

A.Atravelwebsite.B.Anartposter.C.Atraveljournal.D.Asciencemagazine.

B

AColoradowomanwholostthediamondengagementringgiventoherbyherfianceshortly

beforehediedwasreunitedwiththepreciousitemweekslaterbyamanwhofounditinthe

mud.RaquelAikensaidshehadjustfinishedagameoftennisinDenverafewweeksagowhen

sheapparentlydroppedherringonthegroundwhilefishingherkeysoutofherpurse.Shesaid

shedidn'trealizewhathadhappeneduntilmuchlater.AikentoldKDVR-TVabouthermissing

ring,andthestorycametotheattentionofDudeOlguin,anemployeeatBreweryBarIIin

Denver,whenheoverheardsomecustomerstalkingaboutit.Olguinsaidhewonderedifthe

womanfromthestorywastheowneroftheringherecentlyfound.nIwasgettingreadytogoto

mythirdjobthenextday.Iwasjustgoingtomycar,andIjusthappenedtolookdown,"Olguin

toldKDVR-TV."Myfirstreaction,youknow,temptation——maybegopawnitortofinda

jewelertotellmemoreaboutit,"hesaid."Butreally,myfaithtoldmejusttoholdontoitand

justwaitandlisten.'1OlguinaskedAikentomeethimattherestaurant."Hewenttohiscar,

andcamebackwiththering,"Aikensaid."ImmediatelyIwasintears,Icouldn'tbelieveit.ITs

amiracle,"Shesaidthereturnoftheringwasespeciallymeaningful."Itdefinitelyreconnected

meagainwithmyfiance,“Aikensaid."Thefactofwhereitwasfoundandhowitwasfound

andanemployeethatworkshereataplaceheloves.Thewholeconnectionisreally,really

amazingandatrueblessing."Olguindeclinedarewardforthering*sreturn."Itoldher,the

paymentformeisourfriendship,andwe'regoingtobelifetimefriends,“Olguinsaid.

4.WhatcausedAikentolosethediamondring?

A.Herforgetfulness.B.Hercarelessness.C.Herbrokenpurse.D.Herplayingtennis.

5.WhatwasOlguin'sfirstreactionafterfindingthering?

A.Hechosetofollowhisfaith.B.Hewantedtokeepitforhimself.C.Hewantedto

returnittoitsowner.D.HeaskedAikentomeethimimmediately.

6.WhydidthediamondringmeanalottoAiken?

A.Itwasapricelesscollection.B.Ilwasasymboloffriendship.C.Itremindedherofher

fiance.D.Itwaswelldesignedbyherfiance.

7.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.ThelostdiamondringfoundinthemudB.Thelostdiamondringreturnedbya

strangerC.Kindness—aqualitytospreadinacommunityD.Kindness—aqualitytopay

forwardamongstrangers

c

Scientistsestimatethatmorethan95percentofEarth*soceanshaveneverbeenobserved,

whichmeanswehaveseenlessofourplanet'soceanthanwehavethefarsideofthemoonor

thesurfaceofMars.Thehighcostofpoweringanunderwatercameraforalongtime,bytying

ittoaresearchboatorsendingashiptorechargeitsbatteries,isasteepchallengepreventing

widespreadunderseaexploration.MITresearchershavetakenamajorsteptoovercomethis

problembydevelopingabattery-free,wirelessunderwatercamerathatisabout100,000times

morethanotherunderseacameras.Thedevicetakescolorphotos,evenindarkunderwater

environments,andtransmitsimagedatawirelesslythroughthewater.Theautonomouscamera

ispoweredbysound.lttransformsmechanicalenergyfromsoundwavestravelingthrough

waterintoelectricalenergythatpowersitsimagingandcommunicationsequipment.After

capturingandencoding（編碼）imagedata,thecameraalsousessoundwavestotransmit

datatoareceiverthatreconstructstheimage.Becauseitdoesn'tneedapowersource,the

cameracouldrunforweeksonendbefore,enablingscientiststosearchremotepartsofthe

oceanfornewspecies.ltcouldalsobeusedtocaptureimagesofoceanpollutionormonitorthe

healthandgrowthoffishraisedinaquaculturefarms.*'Oneofthemostexcitingapplicationsof

thiscameraformepersonallyisinthecontextofclimatemonitoring.Wearebuildingclimate

models,butwearemissingdatafromover95percentoftheocean.Thistechnologycouldhelp

usbuildmoreaccurateclimatemodelsandbetterunderstandhowclimatechangeimpactsthe

underwaterworld,"saysFadelAdib,associateprofessorintheDepartmentofElectrical

EngineeringandComputerScience.

8.Whatdoesparagraph1mainlytellus?

A.Theintroductionofnewbatteries.B.Theemphasisonscientists'leadingwork.C.The

advertisementforunderwatercameras.D.Thedifficultyofwidespreadundersea

exploration.

9.Howisthecamerapowered?

A.Itischargedbybatteries.B.Itusessoundwavestotransmitdata.C.Itchangessound

wavesintowaterenergy.D.Itchangesmechanicalenergyintoelectricalenergy.

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"retrieval"meaninparagraph4?

A.Beingfetched.B.Beingdestroyed.C.Beingoutofcontrol.D.Beingreconstructed.

11.WhatcanwelearnabouttheMITresearchers'camera?

A.Itaffectsclimatechangeefficiently.B.Itwillbewidelyusedinsomefields.C.Itwill

helpknowmoreaboutMars*climate.D.Itmonitorsthehealthandgrowthofnewspecies.

D

It*soneoftheultimatetestsofwillpower：you'vebeenwanderingaroundthemarketforhours

andyouYetiredandhungry.Thenyoucatchasmellofsomethingfragrant（香的）and

delicious,probablyfriedandalmostcertainlyfattening.Junkfoodcompaniesarewellaware

thatthesmelloftheirproductsetsoffadesireinyourbrainandthatyoullpayforthatlater.ltis

aresponsethathasbeenresearched,andyou'dbetterbelieveyourfavoritefast-foodchains

havemarketingteamsthatareusingthatresearchtotheiradvantage.Let'stakeacloserlookat

thisprocess.Haveyouevernoticedthatwhateverindulgentfood（放縱型食品）catchesyour

attentiontendstobemostappealingjustafteryoufirstsmellit?Acoupleofminuteslateryou

arestandinginline,anditisn'tquiteasappealingasitwasjustmomentsago,butnowyou've

investedtime,soyoutrustyourfirstfeelingtotreatyourself.Butarecentstatementsaysthat

thisisactuallytherightmomenttowalkaway.DipayanBiswas,amarketingprofessor,found

thereisadirectconnectionbetweenhowlongapersonisexposedtoindulgentfoodsmellsand

choosinghealthierfoods."Theresultsofaseriesofexperimentsshowthatextendedexposure

ofmorethantwominutestojunkfoodsmellsleadstofewerpurchasesofunhealthyfoods

comparedwithnosmelloranon-junk-food-relatedsmell,“readsthesummaryofhisstudy.

Whatappearstobegoingonhereisthatthebraindoesn'tnecessarilydistinguishbetweena

pleasurablesmellandapleasanttaste."Extendedexposuretoanindulgentfoodsmellbrings

pleasureinthemind,whichinturnreducesthedesireforactualconsumptionofindulgent

foods,"heexplains.Sonexttimeyoufeelyoudon'thavethewillpowertoresistcookies,smell

allthatsweetnessforjustaminuteortwo.Toyourbrainit'sthesameasactuallyeatingcookies,

andthepurchasedesirewoulddecrease.

12.Whatcanwelearnaboutjunkfoodsmellsfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Theyhardlyaffectpeople'sfoodchoices.B.Theycanmakeadifferencein

markeling.C.Theyareunlikelytofoolwisecustomers.D.Theyfinallydecreasepeople's

purchasedesire.

13.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphbasicallyserveas?

A.Anexample.B.Anargument.C.Acomparison.D.Acomment.

14.WhichstatementwillBiswasprobablyagreewith?

A.Theinfluenceoffoodsmellschangesovertime.B.Thesensesoftasteandsmellare

closelylinked.C.Thebehaviorofsmellingfooddoesn'tequaleatingit.D.Thebraincan't

tellwheresensorypleasureisfrom.

15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.TrainyourbraintoresistjunkfbodB.SmellsofjunkfoodcankeepyouoffitC.Watch

outfortrickymarketingtoolsD.Foodaddictionisneveraboutwillpower

二、閱讀七選五(本大題共5小題，共分)

Somepeopleloveagreatthunderstorm：othersarefrightenedbythefirstflashoflightningor

soundofthunder.(1)Butthereareeasystepsyoucantaketoprotectyourhomeandyourlife

fromlightning.ProtectElectronicsfromSevereWeather(2)Itcanfollowthewiresorphone

linesintoyourroom—ruiningcomputers,TVsandotherelectronics.Oneprotectionagainst

electronicsbeing"fried"bylightningissimplytounplugthemwheneverarainorastormis

coming.DisconnectInternetandsatellitedishconnectionsnomatterwheretheyare.Reducethe

RiskofFireLightningrods(避雷針)canprotectabuildingfromcatchingfire.(3)Theyjust

provideapathfortheelectricitytoreachthegroundmoresafely.Therodsatthetopofthe

buildingareonlythefirstpartofagoodsystem.Whenlightningstrikes,theelectricityneedsto

movetotheground.Wiresconductelectricityfromthelightningrodstometalrodsburiedinthe

ground.(4)UnderstandLightningWhenlightninghitstheground,atree,atowerorevena

building,itmayalsospreadsalongtheground,sobeingnearsomethingthat'sstruckby

lightningisalmostasdangerousasbeinghitdirectlybylightning.(5)TheEmpireState

Buildinggetsstruckbylightningaround20timeseveryyear.Itslightningrodprotectsthe

structure,aswellasthepeopleinside.A.Itcanevenstrikethesamespotmorethanonce.

B.Youmightwanttoconsiderprotectinganentirebuilding.C.Whenthishappens,anything

initspathcouldbeindanger.D.Butthechanceoflightningstrikingyourhousedoesn*tchange.

E.Eachconnectionmustbesecuresolightningdoesn*tjumptothebuilding.F.Lightning

hittingyourroofornearbypowerlinesisterriblebutnotworst.G.Whetheryouloveorhate

them,thunderstormsproducedangerouslightning.

16.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.GH.H

17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.GH.H

18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.GH.H

19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.GH.H

20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.GH.H

三、完形填空(本大題共15小題，共分)

JimMclngvalewatchedinhorrorasHurricaneIdamadelandfall,hittingLouisiana.Forhim,

it⑵)onething：Timeto"getinthegame".Mclngvale,whoownsGalleryFurniturein

Houston,quicklycalledfor(22)ofnecessitieslikefoodandwater.Thenheandhisworkers(23)

everytrucktotakethemtoLouisiana,"Fiveyearsago,Louisiana(24)tousHoustoniansduring

HurricaneHarvey,so(25),it'stherightthingtodotohelpourneighbors,HMclngvalesaid.He

alsoopenedhisfurnitureshowroomto(26)manyfamilies.AnaLeeisamongthosehaving

been(27)tothestorm.HedrovetoGalleryFurnitureafterbeingtoldaboutMclngvale's(28)."I

waswarmlyreceived,"Leesaid.HIfsa(29)tomeetsomebodylikehim,"Peoplewholinedup

tohelpoutsaidtheydidsoafter(30)watchingMclngvalehelpthoseinneed.ChrisOglewas

oneofthem(31)byMclngvale.Hehelpedputting(32)ontotrucksaftergivingawaysome

bottledwatertothe(33).Hesaid,"IfyouknewMclngvale,youwouldn*tbe(34)bythelong

linesofpeoplewaitingtocontribute.(35),thiswasnotthefirsttimehehadhelpedfreely."

21.A.meantB.provedC.stressedD.affected

22.A.introductionsB.preparationsC.distributionsD.donations

23.A.checkedB.emptiedC.loadedD.cleaned

24.A.cameupB.madeupC.stuckoutD.reachedout

25.A.inreturnB.ingeneralC.atlastD.atheart

26.A.feedB.comfortC.shelterD.examine

27.A.usedB.directedC.subjectedD.challenged

28.A.generosityB.honestyC.braveryD.sympathy

29.A.chanceB.pleasureC.planD.dream

30.A.accidentallyB.frequentlyC.curiouslyD.carefully

31.A.supportedB.approachedC.persuadedD.inspired

32.A.productsB.clothesC.suppliesD.bottles

33.A.effortB.companyC.serviceD.battle

34.A.touchedB.surprisedC.excitedD.delighted

35.A.ObviouslyB.HopefullyC.EventuallyD.Actually

第n卷(非選擇題)

四、語法填空(本大題共1小題，共分)

36.Ifyourcountrydoesnothaveitsowntree-plantingday,maybeyoushouldsuggestit

onsocialmedia!Thatis(1)onemaninTurkeyrecentlydid.OnTwitter,Enes

Sahinsuggested(2)(set)asideadayforplantingtreesinTurkey.Heasked

otherstosupporthisidea.Andtheydid.Histweet(3)(quick)wentviral.Sahin

wrote,"Let'sdedicateadayforall82millionpeopleinthecountry,includingthechildren

andtheelderly,toplanttrees.Let'sset(4)exampletotheworldandhanddown

agreencountrytotheupcominggenerations."Turkishofficialstooknotice.Rumeysa

Kada,Turkey'syoungestelecteddeputy,tweeted,"Thisisan(5)(amaze)idea.

Itwillbeonouragendafortomorrow.Kadaklater(6)(meet)withSahinto

discusshisidea.ThentheTurkishPresidentlatersenthisownmessageonTwitter.He

wrote,"MyfriendsandIwillundertake(7)(responsible)tomakesurethat

wehaveanationaltree-plantingday."Evenifyourcountrydoesnothaveanyspecialday

(8)eventsfortreeplanting,youcanalwaysgoitalone!CanadianKenChaplin

holdstheworldrecordforthemosttrees(9)(plant)inonedaybyasingle

person.OnJune30,2001,heplanted15,170redpineseedlingsby(10)(he)

inCanada'sSaskatchewanprovince.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

五、書面表達(本大題共2小題，共分)

37.你校落實教育部”每位學(xué)生掌握1至2項運動技能”的要求，為全校學(xué)生開設(shè)豐

富的體育課程。請你給學(xué)校英文報寫一篇短文，內(nèi)容包括：（1）選擇的課程及原

因；（2）個人的收獲及感受。注意：（1）寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；（2）請按如下

格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

38.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整

的短文。AfternoonwasMrs.Conroy*sfavoritetimeofday.Afteraday'shardwork,her

eyesweretiredandherfeethurt.Sheenjoyedthenicelongnapshetookonthebus.Mrs.

Conroyhadmadefriendswiththebusdriver,Mr.Angstrom.Healwayswokeherup

beforeherstop.Sheusuallyfeltfreshwhenshegotoffthebus.Buttodaywasdifferent.

Mr.Angstromwasn'tdriving.Asmallmaninawrinkleduniformsatinthedriver'sseat.

"Where'sMr.Angstrom?”askedMrs.Conroy,droppinghermoneyintothebox."Idon't

know.Sick,Iguess.Ijustworkhere,lady."Steptothebackseat.Mrs.Conroyhopedthat

Mr.Angstromwasallright.Shedidn'tlikethisnewdriver.Shedecidednottosleeponthe

wayhometoday.Shedidn'twanttoaskthisdrivertowakeher.Hedidn'tlooklikethetype

who'dwanttodoanyoneafavor.Mrs.Conroytriedtokeephereyesopen,butthegentle

rockingofthebushadacalmeffect.Withinafewminuteshereyesclosed.Withherhead

droppingtohershoulders,Mrs.Conroyfellfastasleep.ThenextthingMrs.Conroyknew,

ahandwasonhershoulder.Someonewasshakingherawake.MWakeup,lady.We've

cometotheendoftheline.Wakeup."Mrs.Conroyblinked（眨眼）andopenedhereyes.

Thebusdriverlookeddownather."Timeforyoutogetoffthebus."Mrs.Conroypeered

outthewindow."WhereamI?'*sheasked.,rIwassupposedtogetoffatEssexAvenue/*

“You'reatthelaststop,lady.Comeon,getoffthebus.IhaveascheduletokeeptoJMrs.

Conroywashavingtroublewakingup.Thebusdrivertookherarmandhelpedherdown

thebus."Waitaminute,"shesaidinasharpvoice."Thisisn'tEssexAvenue.WhereamI?

HowcanIgethome?""Canyouridemeback?”shebegged."Sorry,lady.It'sagainst

therules."hesaidasheclosedthedoor.注意：（1）續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；（2）

請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Mrs.Conroywatchedthebusdisappeardown

theroad.________

答案和解析

1~3.【答案】A、C、A

【解析】（1）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二個小標題下的第一句ForloversofAmericana,the

locally-owned,101-roomhotelchannelsaMiami-Floridabeachvibewithastylishartdeco

slant,withlivemusicandarooftopbar,decoratedwithrecycledmaterials.（對于熱愛美國

文化的人來說，當?shù)厝怂鶕碛械?01個房間的客房通過以時尚的藝術(shù)裝飾風格，現(xiàn)場音

樂和屋頂酒吧，來營造邁阿密佛羅里達海灘的氛圍，它們都是由廢舊材料裝飾的。）可

知，對于音樂愛好者的最好選擇是THEBENSON,CAIRNSo故選A。（2）推理判斷

題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Withawaveofredesignedeco-friendlyhotelsopeningacrossthe

country,it'stimetoenjoyawonderfulhotelstayduringyourtravel.（隨著帶有—-股重新設(shè)

計的環(huán)保浪潮的酒店在全國各地開業(yè)，是時候在旅行中享受美妙的酒店住宿了。）可知，

文中酒店的共同點就是環(huán)保。故選Co（3）文章出處題。根據(jù)每個小標題最后出現(xiàn)的

網(wǎng)址，可以推斷出這篇文章出自旅游網(wǎng)站。故選A。這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了澳大

利亞一些性價比高的環(huán)保住宿酒店。1.直接信息題：直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文

中找到信息，選項在語言表達上與原文基本一致的題目。2.間接信息題：間接信息題

是能夠從原文中找到信息，但在語言表達上與原文有差異，做題時需要對原文信息進行

轉(zhuǎn)換。3.綜合信息題：綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話，

可能是原文的幾句話，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求學(xué)生把原文所提供的信息綜

合起來分析，而不能斷章取義。

4~7.【答案】B、B、C、B

【解析】（1）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段RaquelAikensaidshehadjuslfinishedagameof

tennisinDenverafewweeksagowhensheapparentlydroppedherringonthegroundwhile

fishingherkeysoutofherpurse.Shesaidshedidn'trealizewhathadhappeneduntilmuchlater.

（RaquelAiken表示，幾周前，她剛剛在丹佛打完一場網(wǎng)球，顯然是在從錢包里掏出鑰

匙時:戒指掉在了地上。她說她直到很久以后才意識到發(fā)生了什么）可知艾肯的粗心大

意導(dǎo)致她丟失了鉆石戒指。故選B。（2）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中"Myfirstreaction,

youknow,temptation——maybegopawnitortofindajewelertotellmemoreaboutit,"hesaid.

（“我的第一反應(yīng)，你知道，誘惑——也許去典當它，或者找一個珠寶商告訴我更多關(guān)

于它的事情，“他說）可知，Olguin發(fā)現(xiàn)戒指后的第一反應(yīng)是想把它據(jù)為己有。故選B。

（3）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Shesaidthereturnoftheringwasespecially

meaningful."Itdefinitelyreconnectedmeagainwithmyfiance,"Aikensaid.（她說，戒指

的回歸特別有意義。艾肯說：“這絕對讓我和我的未婚夫再次聯(lián)系在了一起?！保┛芍?/p>

鉆戒對艾肯來說意義重大是因為這讓她想起了她的未婚夫。故選C。（4）標題歸納題。

根據(jù)第一段AColoradowomanwholostthediamondengagementringgiventoherbyher

fianceshortlybeforehediedwasreunitedwithIhepreciousitemweekslaterbyamanwho

founditinthemud.（科羅拉多州一名女子丟失了未婚夫去世前不久送給她的訂婚鉆戒，

幾周后，一名男子在泥濘中找到了這枚珍貴的戒指）可知，本文主要講述了RaquelAiken

不下心遺失了她未婚夫送給她的訂婚戒指，一個陌生男子找到了這枚戒指，并最終歸還

給她的故事，所以B項"Thelostdiamondringreturnedbyastranger（丟失的鉆戒被一個

陌生人還回來了）”為最佳標題。故選B。本文是一篇記敘文。講述了RaquelAiken不

下心遺失了她未婚夫送給她的訂婚戒指，DudeOlguin找到了戒指，并最終歸還給Aiken。

1.直接信息題：直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息，選項在語言表達上與原

文基本一致的題目。2.間接信息題：間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息，但在語言

表達上與原文有差異，做題時需要對原文信息進行轉(zhuǎn)換。3.綜合信息題：綜合信息題

是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話，可能是原文的幾句話，或者是散落在

文章不同的地方，要求學(xué)生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來分析，而不能斷章取義。

8?11.【答案】D、D、A、B

【解析】（1）段落大意題。根據(jù)第一段Scientistsestimatethatmorethan95percentofEarth's

oceanshaveneverbeenobserved,whichmeanswehaveseenlessofourplanetsoceanthanwe

havethefarsideofthemoonorthesurfaceofMars.Thehighcostofpoweringanunderwater

cameraforalongtime,bytyingittoaresearchboatorsendingashiptorechargeitsbatteries,

isasteepchallengepreventingwidespreadunderseaexploration.（科學(xué)家估計，地球上超過

95%的海洋從未被觀測到過，這意味著我們看到的地球海洋比月球背面或火星表面還

少。長時間為水下攝像機供電的高成本一一將其綁在研究船上或派遣船只給其充電一一

是一個嚴峻的挑戰(zhàn)，阻礙了大范圍的海底勘探）可知，本段主要講述了對海洋進行大范

圍的勘測所面臨的困難。故選Do（2）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中Theautonomouscamera

ispoweredbysound.lttransformsmechanicalenergyfromsoundwavestravelingthrough

waterintoelectricalenergythatpowersitsimagingandcommunicationsequipment.（自動

攝像機是由聲音驅(qū)動的。它將聲波在水中傳播的機械能轉(zhuǎn)化為電能，為其成像和通信設(shè)

備提供動力）可知，水下攝像機是將聲波在水中傳播的機械能轉(zhuǎn)化為電能，為其成像和

通信設(shè)備提供動力。故選D。（3）詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞前Becauseitdoesn'tneeda

powersource,thecameracouldrunforweeksonend（因為不需要電源，相機可以連續(xù)運

行幾個星期）和下文enablingscientiststosearchremotepartsoftheoceanfornewspecies.

（使科學(xué)家能夠在海洋的偏遠地區(qū)尋找新物種）可知，相機由于不用充電，所以可以持

續(xù)運行好幾個星期，幫助研究人員獲得研究需要的東西，最后被取回。所以可推知，劃

線詞此處的含義為“被取回"，A.Beingfetched.被取回；B.Beingdestroyed.被破壞；

C.Beingoutofcontrol.不受控制；D.Beingreconstructed.被重建。故選A。（4）推理

判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中enablingscientiststosearchremotepartsoftheoceanfornew

species.ltcouldalsobeusedtocaptureimagesofoceanpollutionormonitorthehealthand

growthoffishraisedin叫uaculturefarms.（使科學(xué)家能夠在海洋的偏遠地區(qū)尋找新物種。

它還可用于捕捉海洋污染圖像或監(jiān)測水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖場養(yǎng)殖魚類的健康和生長情況）可知，這

個水下攝像機除了能幫助科學(xué)家們認識海洋偏遠地區(qū)的新物種，還可用于捕捉海洋污染

圖像或監(jiān)測水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖場養(yǎng)殖魚類的健康和生長情況。最后一段Oneofthemostexciting

applicationsofthiscameraformepersonallyisinthecontextofclimatemonitoring.Weare

buildingclimatemodels,butwearemissingdatafromover95percentoftheocean.This

technologycouldhelpusbuildmoreaccurateclimatemodelsandbetterunderstandhow

climatechangeimpactstheunderwaterworld（對我個人來說，這種相機最令人興奮的應(yīng)

用之一是在氣候監(jiān)測方面。我們正在建立氣候模型，但是我們丟失了超過95%的海洋

數(shù)據(jù)。這項技術(shù)可以幫助我們建立更精確的氣候模型，更好地了解氣候變化如何影響水

下世界）可知，這種相機最令人興奮的應(yīng)用之一是在氣候監(jiān)測方面?？赏浦?，它將在一

些領(lǐng)域得到廣泛的應(yīng)用。故選B。這是一篇說明文。文章講述了麻省理工學(xué)院的研究人

員開發(fā)了一種無電池的無線水下攝像機，這個水下攝像機除了能幫助科學(xué)家們認識海洋

偏遠地區(qū)的新物利，，還可用于捕捉海洋污染圖像或監(jiān)測水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖場養(yǎng)殖魚類的健康和生

長情況。在氣候監(jiān)測方面，這項技術(shù)可以幫助研究人員建立更精確的氣候模型，更好地

了解氣候變化如何影響水下世界。1.直接信息題：直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中

找到信息，選項在語言表達上與原文基本一致的題目。2.間接信息題：間接信息題是

能夠從原文中找到信息，但在語言表達上與原文有差異，做題時需要對原文信息進行轉(zhuǎn)

換。3.綜合信息題：綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話，可

能是原文的幾句話，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求學(xué)生把原文所提供的信息綜合

起來分析，而不能斷章取義。

12~15.【答案】B、A、A、B

【解析】（1）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段Junkfoodcompaniesarewellawarethatthesmell

oftheirproductsetsoffadesireinyourbrainandthatyou'llpayforthatlater.ltisaresponse

thathasbeenresearched,andyou'dbetterbelieveyourfavoritefast-foodchainshave

marketingteamsthatareusingthatresearchtotheiradvantage.（食品公司很清楚，他們產(chǎn)

品的味道會在你的大腦中激起欲望，你會為此付出代價。這是一個經(jīng)過研究的反應(yīng)，你

最好相信你最喜歡的快餐連鎖店的營銷團隊正在利用這項對他們有利的研究。）可知I,

我們可以從第一段垃圾食品的氣味中知道垃圾食品會在市場營銷中起作用。故選B。（2）

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段Itisaresponsethathasbeenresearched,andyou'dbetterbelieve

yourfavoritefast-foodchainshavemarketingteamsthatareusingthatresearchtotheir

advantage.（這是一個經(jīng)過研究的反應(yīng)，你最好相信你最喜歡的快餐連鎖店的營銷團隊

正在利用這項對他們有利的研究。）以及第二段Let'stakeacloserlookatthisprocess.（讓

我們仔細看看這個過程。）可知第二段的作用是充當了一個例子，具體舉例來說明快餐

連鎖店的營銷團隊是如何利用這項對他們有利的研究的。故選A。（3）細節(jié)理解題。

根據(jù)第三段Theresultsofaseriesofexperimentsshowthatextendedexposureofmorethan

twominutestojunkfoodsmellsleadstofewerpurchasesofunhealthyfoodscomparedwithno

smelloranon-junk-food-relatedsmell,（一系列實驗的結(jié)果表明，與沒有氣味或與垃圾

食品無關(guān)的氣味相比，暴露在垃圾食品氣味中超過兩分鐘會導(dǎo)致購買不健康食品的人數(shù)

減少。）可知在Biswas看來食品氣味的影響會隨著時間發(fā)生變化的。故選A。（4）標

題歸納題。文章第一段講的是垃圾食品公司在營銷中會利用產(chǎn)品的氣味會激起人們的購

買欲望這一特點來謀利；第二段舉例來說明營銷團隊如何利用產(chǎn)品的氣味會激起人們的

購買欲望這一特點；第三段主要的是食品氣味的影響會隨著時間發(fā)生變化的，第四段對

全文進行總結(jié)，綜觀全文可知，本文主要講的是長時間聞垃圾食品的氣味會降低消費者

的購買欲望，所以B項”垃圾食品的氣味會讓你遠離它”作為本文標題最佳。故選B。這

是一篇說明文，文章主要講的是研究發(fā)現(xiàn)長時間聞垃圾食品的氣味會降低消費者的購買

欲望。閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件

的邏輯關(guān)系，對未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點理論，

對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋?？忌紫纫屑氶喿x短文，完整了解信息，準確

把握作者觀點。

16~20.【答案】G、F、D、E、A

［解析］（1）推理判斷題。根據(jù)上文Somepeopleloveagreatthunderstorm；othersare

frightenedbythefirstflashoflightningorsoundofthunder.（有些人喜歡大雷雨；另一些

人則會被第一道閃電或雷聲嚇到）以及后文Butthereareeasystepsyoucantaketoprotect

yourhomeandyourlifefromlightning.（但你可以采取一些簡單的措施來保護你的家和你

的生活免受閃電的傷害）可知，G項中的"Whetheryouloveorhatethem"與前文相呼應(yīng)，

"thunderstormsproducedangerouslightning”說明了人們?yōu)槭裁葱枰扇〈胧┮苑朗艿絺?/p>

害，與后文呼應(yīng)。故G項"不管你喜歡還是討厭雷暴，雷暴都會產(chǎn)生危險的閃電”符合語

境。故選G。（2）聯(lián)系下文題。根據(jù)后文Itcanfollowthewiresorphonelinesintoyour

room—ruiningcomputers,TVsandotherelectronics.（它可以跟隨電線或電話線進入你的

房間，破壞電腦、電視和其他電子產(chǎn)品）可推斷，空處應(yīng)介紹閃電發(fā)生時的一種情況。

F項提到”閃電擊中了你家的屋頂或附近的輸電線，這很糟糕但不是最壞的”，與空后一

句描述的更糟糕的情況銜接。故選F。（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)上文Lightningrods（避

雷針）canprotectabuildingfromcatchingfire.（避雷針可以防止建筑物著火）"以及后

文“Theyjustprovideapathfortheelectricitytoreachthegroundmoresafely.（它們只是為

電力更安全地到達地面提供了一條通道）以及空后的ju