鐵人中學(xué)2020級高三學(xué)年上學(xué)期開學(xué)考試英語試卷

鐵人中學(xué)2020級高三學(xué)年上學(xué)期開學(xué)考試

英語試題

第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分20分）

做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上，錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂

到答題卡上。

第一節(jié)（共5小題，每小題1分，滿分5分）

聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項,

并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。

1.Whatdoesthemanmean?

A.Hisarticleisquitelong.B.Heisfinishingthearticle.C.Hecan'tfinishthearticleontime.

2.Howdoesthewomangobackhometoday?

A.Bybus.B.Bysubway.C.Bycar.

3.Whatdoesthemanmean?

A.ShecanonlyusetheEnglishdictionaryinthelibrary.

B.SheiswelcometousetheEnglishdictionaryatanytime.

C.ShecanborrowtheEnglishdictionaryfromthelibrary.

4.Whoisthegirlcominguptothespeakers?

A.Lisa,thetalleroftwinsisters.B.Linda,thetalleroftwinsisters.C.Lisa,theshorteroftwinsisters.

5.Whatdoesthewomanmostlikelymean?

A.Theyhavedifferentmailways.B.Theyhaveonlyonemailway.C.Shedoesn'tknowhowtoanswer.

第二節(jié)（共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分）

聽下面5段對話或獨白，每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中

選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，

每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，每小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。

聽第6段材料，回答第6至8題。

6.Whenwilltheplanetakeoff?

A.At4:30.B.At5:00.C.At5:30.

7.Whereisthewomangoing?

A.ToNewYork.B.ToWashington.C.ToNewYorkthentoWashington.

8.WhatisthewomanprobablygoingtodoinWashington?

A.Gotowork.B.Gotoschool.C.Staywithhersister.

聽第7段材料，回答第9至11題。

9.Whatwillthewomandoatfirstafterclass?

A.Pickupherbrother.B.Dosomehousework.C.Doherhomework.

10.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?

A.Haveadinner.B.Listentoaconcert.C.Watchamovie.

11.Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?

A.Theywillgooutforamovie.

B.Theymightmeeteachother.

C.Theywillplaycomputergametogether.

聽第8段材料，回答第12至14題。

12.Whattimedoyouthinktheplanetakesoff?

A.Fivetoten.B.Fivepastten.C.Fivetoeleven.

13.WhatisprobablyTom?

A.Astudent.B.Ateacher.C.Headteacher.

14.Whichmonthdoyouthinkitisnow?

A.July.B.November.C.March.

聽第9段材料，回答第15至17題。

15.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Touristandtourguide.B.Touristanddesigner.C.Twotourists.

16.Whatcanweknowaboutthehotel?

A.ThequeenCleopatrausedtolivethere.

B.Itisnamedafterawell-knownperson.

C.Itisthetallestbuildingintheworld.

17.Whatistrueaboutthehotelroom?

A.It'sfarfromthebeach.

B.Itprovidesasplendidviewofthesea.

C.Thetemperatureoftheroomiscomfortable.

聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。

18.WhatisEnriqueIglesias?

A.Asinger.B.Anactor.C.Awriter.

19.WhereisNataliePortmanfrom?

A.Korea.B.TheUS.C.LatinAmerica.

20.WhatwillAhntalkabout?

A.Hislatestmusicandhiswife.B.Hislifeandhisfutureplans.C.Hispastexperiencesandfeelings.

第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2分，滿分30分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

A

SituatedalongthePacificFlyway,agoodmigratorypaththatstretchesfromAlaskntoPatagonia,SantaCruz

playshosttohundredsofbirdspecies.Justheadtooneofthespotslistedbelowandseeforyourself!

UCSCArboretum

Thediverseplantsthatattractawiderangeofbirdsmakethesegardensawonderfulplacetostart.Markyour

calendarfortheArboretum'spopularHummingbirdDays,afamily-friendlyfestivalthatcelebratesthetinybirdson

March5thand6th.

NaturalBridgesStateBeach

Thisscenicparkisexcellentforbirdwatchersduetoitswidesamplingoflocalhabitats.Over250birdspecies

havebeenrecordedinthearea.

NearyLagoon

Birdsongfillstheairatthispeacefuloasislessthana10-minutewalkfromthefunoftheSantaCruzBeach.A

walkwayallowsvisitorsafront-rowviewofbirdssuchasAmericanCoots.

WatsonvilleWetlands

Thewetlandsprovideayear-roundhomeforlocalbirdsandserveasastopformigratorybirdsvisitingfrom

faraway.DropbytheNatureCentreforexhibits,maps,andsuggestionsforbestspotstovisit.

BirdingTips

?Theearlybirdergetstheworm.You'relikelytoseemorebirdsearlierratherthanlaterintheday.

?Notwovisitsarelikelytobethesame.Varyingtimesandseasonsbringdifferentbirdsandbehaviour.

?Nomatterhowcutethoselittlebirdsare,youshouldresistfeedingthemwithyourbread.It'sunhealthyforthe

birdandthesurroundingecosystem.

HowtoGetMoreInvolved

WerecommendjoiningtheSantaCruzBirdingClubforpubliceventsandabundantonlineguides.Contactus

freeatBirding&WildlifeWatchKitforregistration.

1.WhyaretheremanybirdsintheUCSCArboretum?

A.Theplaceisveryfamily-friendly.

B.Therearemanykindsofplants.

C.ThereareArboretum'sHummingbirdDays.

D.Theplacehaswidesamplingoflocalhabitats.

2.WhichplacecanonereacheasilyonfootfromtheSantaCruzBeach?

A.NearyLagoon.B.UCSCArboretum.

C.WatsonvilleWetlands.D.NaturalBridgesStateBeach

3.Whenisthebesttimetowatchmorebirds?

A.Inthemorning.B.Inthenoon.C.Intheafternoon.D.Intheevening.

【答案】l.B2.A3.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了圣克魯茲島觀鳥場地以及人們觀鳥時應(yīng)該注意的一些事項。

【1題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)UCSCArboretum部分的“Thediverseplantsthatattractawiderangeofbirds…（各種各樣

的植物吸引了各種各樣的鳥類……）”可知，UCSCArboretum有很多鳥是因為有很多種植物。故選B。

【2題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)NearyLagoon部分的uBirdsongfillstheairatthispeacefuloasislessthana1O-minutewalk

fromthefunoftheSantaCruzBeach.Awalkwayallowsvisitorsafront-rowviewofbirdssuchasAmerican

Coots.（在這片寧靜的綠洲，鳥鳴彌漫著空氣，距離圣克魯斯海灘的樂趣步行不到10分鐘。一條走道讓游客

可以在前排看到美國白骨頂?shù)萨B類）”可知，從圣克魯斯海灘步行就可以輕松到達NearyLagoon。故選A。

【3題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章BirdingTips部分第一點的uYou^elikelytoseemorebirdsearlierratherthanlaterinthe

day.（你可能會在一天的早些時候看到更多的鳥）”可知，在一天中，去得更早（在早上）會看到更多的鳥。

故選Ao

B

Intheworldofwater,2021wasanotheryearfortherecordbooks.PartsofWestemEuropesufferedfromdeadly

floodswhilelargeareasofthesouthwesternUnitedStatesremainedlockedinamassivedrought.

Onemightthinkthatourimpressivewatermanagementwouldsafeguardsocietyfromsuchcatastrophicevents.

Yetwhenitcomestowater,thepastisnolongeragoodguideforthefutureandmostofthewaterengineeringis

unpreparedforconsequencesofincreasinglyoccurringextremeweather.Oneofthemostalarmingwake-upcalls

camefromthecityofCapeTown,wherethewatertapsof4millionresidentswerenearlyforcedtobeshutoffafter

severedroughtdriedupitsreservoir(水庫).

Appealingasitmightbe,thesolutionisnottofurtherbuildbiggerandhigherdams(水壩)thatoftenresultin

moredisastrousflooding.Rather,itistoworkmorewithnaturalprocesses.

TheNetherlandsavoidedmajordamagefromthehistoricfloodsinJuly2021thankstoitsrecentlycompleted

project,whichgivesriverroomtospreadoutbyredirectingfloodwatersintowetlands,loweringpartsofthestormy

riverbymorethanafoot.Agriculturalpracticesofferanotherstrategy.Scientistshavefoundthatboostingorganic

matterinthesoilby1%canincreasethesoil'swater-holdingcapacitybyupto18,00()gallonsperacre,creating

flexibilitytobothintenserainsanddryperiods.Thismeansfarmlandpracticessuchastheplantingofcovercropscan

notonlyraiseoutputbutimprovewatermanagement.

Solutionsdon'tcomeeasily,buttheyarekeytoalivablefuture.Whileit'stoolatetoavoidtheimpactsof

climatechange,wecanavoidtheworstofthoseimpactsbyinvestingmoreinsuchnature-basedwatersolutions.

4.CapeTownismentionedtoshow.

A.thereservoirwasofnouse

B.newwatermanagementisinneed

C.howawfulitwaswithouttapwater

D.theexistingwatermanagementisimpressive

5.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph4?

A.TheNetherlandswassparedfromflooddamage.

BTheriver'swaterlevelwasreducedtooverafoot.

C.Improvingsoil'swater-holdingabilityispractical.

D.Plantingcropsboostsorganismsatthecostofproduction.

6.Whichofthefollowingwaterprojectsmightwintheauthor'sfavor?

①"RestoringHealthySoil”

②"FillingWetland”

③''StrengtheningDam^^

(4)“MakingRoomforRiver”

A.①②B.②③C.③④D.?@

7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Waterdisaster:wayoutofcontrol

B.Investmentinwater:akeytothefuture

C.Nature-basedsolution:awayoutforwater

D.Goodnews:farmingpracticesworkingwell

【答案】4.B5.C6.D7.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹水災(zāi)頻發(fā)下給水治理帶來的新啟示。

【4題詳解】

推理判斷題。由第二段中的"Yetwhenitcomestowater,thepastisnolongeragoodguideforthefutureandmost

ofthewaterengineeringisunpreparedforconsequencesofincreasinglyoccurringextremeweather.Oneofthemost

alarmingwake-upcallscamefromthecityofCapeTown,wherethewatertapsof4millionresidentswerenearly

forcedtobeshutoffafterseveredroughtdriedupitsreservoir（水庫）.（然而，說到水，過去不再是未來的良好指

南，大多數(shù)水利工程對日益發(fā)生的極端天氣的后果毫無準(zhǔn)備。其中一個最令人震驚的警鐘來自開普敦市，

在嚴(yán)重干旱導(dǎo)致水庫干涸后，該市400萬居民的水龍頭幾乎被迫關(guān)閉）”和下文“如何利用水治理應(yīng)對災(zāi)害

的方法”可知，極端天氣日益頻繁而以前的水利工程不適用于新的變化，開普敦就是一個例子，緊接著后

文談及應(yīng)該如何做，所以提及開普敦是為了表明我們需要新的水治理方式。故選B項。

【5題詳解】

推理判斷題。由第四段中的uAgriculturalpracticesofferanotherstrategy.Scientistshavefoundthatboosting

organicmatterinthesoilby1%canincreasethesoil'swater-holdingcapacitybyupto18,000gallonsperacre,

creatingflexibilitytobothintenserainsanddryperiods.（農(nóng)業(yè)實踐提供了另一種策略。科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，將土壤

中的有機質(zhì)增加1%,可以使土壤的持水能力提高到每英畝18000加侖，從而在強降雨和干旱期都具有靈活

性）”可知，提高土壤有機物能提高其持水容量（從而有利于應(yīng)對干旱和洪澇），這在農(nóng)業(yè)實踐上是可行的。

故選C項。

【6題詳解】

推理判斷題。由第四段中的uAgriculturalpracticesofferanotherstrategy.Scientistshavefoundthatboosting

organicmatterinthesoilby1%canincreasethesoil'swater-holdingcapacitybyupto18,000gallonsperacre,

creatingflexibilitytobothintenserainsanddryperiods.（農(nóng)業(yè)實踐提供了另一種策略?？茖W(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，將土壤

中的有機質(zhì)增加1%,可以使土壤的持水能力提高到每英畝18000加侖，從而在強降雨和干旱期都具有靈活

性）”可知，提高土壤有機物，恢復(fù)土壤健康，這能提高其持水容量（從而有利于應(yīng)對干旱和洪澇），這在農(nóng)

業(yè)實踐上是可行的，說明作者贊同①“恢復(fù)土壤健康”；由第四段中的“TheNetherlandsavoidedmajordamage

fromthehistoricfloodsinJuly2021thankstoitsrecentlycompletedproject,whichgivesriverroomtospreadoutby

redirectingfloodwatersintowetlands,loweringpartsofthestormyriverbymorethanafoot.（由于最近完成的項

目，荷蘭避免了歷史性洪災(zāi)造成的重大損失，該項目通過將洪水重新導(dǎo)向濕地，將暴雨河流的一部分降到

一英尺以上，使河流空間得以擴展）”可知，荷蘭通過最近的水利項目使河流空間得以擴展，避免了歷史性

洪災(zāi)造成的重大損失，說明④“為河流騰出空間”會贏得作者的青睞；可得出作者會贊同①④水利工程。

故選D項。

【7題詳解】

主旨大意題。由第三段Appealingasitmightbe,thesolutionisnottofurtherbuildbiggerandhigherdams（水

壩）thatoftenresultinmoredisastrousflooding.Rather,itistoworkmorewithnaturalprocesses.（盡管這可能很有

吸引力，但解決辦法是不要進一步建造更大、更高的水壩，這往往會導(dǎo)致更嚴(yán)重的洪水。相反，要更多地

利用自然過程）。最后一段中的“Whileit'stoolatetoavoidtheimpactsofclimatechange,wecanavoidtheworst

ofthoseimpactsbyinvestingmoreinsuchnature-basedwatersolutions.（雖然現(xiàn)在避免氣候變化的影響為時已

晚，但我們可以通過加大對此類基于自然的水解決方案的投資來避免最糟糕的影響）”和其它段落可知，文

章以災(zāi)害引入，進而舉例談及用基于自然的方法解決問題，結(jié)尾呼吁對自然方法的投資，C項“基于自然的

解決方案：水的出路”一語雙關(guān)，既指自然方法提供出路，又指把水通過自然方式導(dǎo)出去。故選C項。

C

ThetraditionaltentcitiesatfestivalssuchasGlastonburymayneverbethesameagain.Inavictoryofgreen

businessthatiscertaintoappealtoenvironmentally-awaremusic-lovers,adesignstudentistoreceivefinancial

supporttoproduceeco-friendlytentsmadeofcardboardthatcanberecycledafterthebandsandthecrowdshave

gonehome.

MajorfestivalssuchasGlastonburythrowawaysome10,000abandonedtentsattheendofeventseachyear.

ForhisfinalyearprojectattheUniversityoftheWestofEngland,JamesDunlopcameupwithamaterialthatcanbe

recycled.AndtocopewiththeBritishsummer,thecardboardhasbeenmadewaterproof.

TakinginspirationfromaJapanesearchitect,whohasusedcardboardtomakebigbuildingsincludingchurches,

Mr.Dunlopusedcardboardmaterialforhistents,whichhecalledMyhabs.

ThedesignwonanawardattheannualNewDesignersExhibitionafterMr.Dunlopgraduatedfromhisproduct

designdegreeandhedecidedtotrytoturnitintoabusiness.

Toraisemoneyfortheidea,hetouredtheCity'sprivatecompanieswhichfundnewbusinessesandfounda

supporterinthefinancegroupMint.HeintroducedhisideatofourofMint'sdirectorsandwontheirsupport.Mint

hascommittedaround￡500,000toMyHabandtakenashareof30percentinMr.Dunlop'sbusiness.Thefirst

Myhabsshouldbetestedatfestivalsthissummer,beforebeingmarketedfullynextyear.

Mr.Dunlopsaidthatthedesign,whichaccommodatestwopeople,couldhaveotheruses,suchasfordisaster

reliefandhousingfortheLondonOlympics.

Formusicevents,thecardboardhouseswillbeorderedonlineandputupatthesitesbytheMyhabteambefore

thefestival-goersarriveandremovedbythecompanyafterwards.Theycanbepersonalizedandthecompanywill

offerreductionsontheexpenseifpeopleagreetosellexterior（夕卜部的）advertisingspace.

Thebiggestfestivalsattracttensofthousandsofparticipants,withGlastonhuryhavingsome150,000eachyear.

Altogethertherearearound100annualmusicfestivalswherepeoplecampintheUK.Theeventsarebecoming

increasinglyenvironmentallyconscious.

8.44Eco-friendlytents"inparagraph1refertotents.

A.economicallydesirable

B.favorabletotheenvironment

C.forholdingmusicperformances

D.designedfordisasterrelief

9.Mr.Dunlopestablishedhisbusiness.

A.independentlywithaninterest-freeloanfromMint

B.withtheapprovaloftheCity'sadministration

C.inpartnershipwithafinancegroup

D.withthehelpofaJapanesearchitect

10.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat.

A.theweatherintheUK.ischangeableinsummer

B.mostperformancesatBritishfestivalsaregivenintheopenair

C.thecardboardtentsproducedbyMr.Dunlopcanbeuser-tailored

D.cardboardtentscanbeeasilyputupandremovedbyusers

11.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith.

A.anattemptatdevelopingrecyclabletents

B.someeffortsatmakingfulluseofcardboards

C.anunusualsuccessofagraduationproject

D.theeffectsofusingcardboardtentsonmusicfestivals

【答案】8.B9.C10.CILA

【解析】

【分析】這是一篇說明文。為了讓大型節(jié)日慶典更環(huán)保，JamesDunlop獲得靈感研發(fā)了一種可循環(huán)利用的帳

篷，目前他的想法已經(jīng)得到一家公司的支持。這種新型環(huán)保帳篷有望在明年上市。

【8題詳解】

詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句eco-friendlytentsmadeofcardboardthatcanberecycledafterthebandsandthe

crowdshavegonehome.（eco-friendly帳篷用紙板做，在樂隊和人群離開回家后，可以重復(fù)使用）可知，這

種帳篷是對環(huán)境有利的。另外，根據(jù)eco-friendly的構(gòu)成也可猜出其含義為“對環(huán)境有利的"。B.favorableto

theenvironment.（對環(huán)境有力的）符合eco-friendly的意思。故選B項。

【9題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段Toraisemoneyfortheidea,hetouredtheCity'sprivatecompanieswhichfundnew

businessesandfoundasupporterinthefinancegroupMint.（為了籌錢，他去了本地為新業(yè)務(wù)提供資金的公司，

其中財團Mint成為他的支持者）可知，Mr.Dunlop與Mint為合作關(guān)系。故選C項。

【10題詳解】

推理判斷題。倒數(shù)第二段最后一句"Theycanbepersonalized”（它們可以個性化定制）暗示可以根據(jù)用戶的

要求來制作，選項CthecardboardtentsproducedbyMr.Dunlopcanbeuser-tailored（他生產(chǎn)的帳篷可以為使

用者專門定做）符合意思。故選C項。

【11題詳解】

主旨大意題o根據(jù)文章第一段中的Inavictoryofgreenbusinessthatiscertaintoappealtoenvironmentally-aware

music-lovers,adesignstudentistoreceivefinancialsupporttoproduceeco-friendlytentsmadeofcardboardthatcan

berecycledafterthebandsandthecrowdshavegonehome.（綠色商業(yè)的勝利一定會吸引有環(huán)保意識的音樂愛

好者，一名設(shè)計專業(yè)的學(xué)生將獲得財政支持，用紙板制作環(huán)保帳篷，這些帳篷在樂隊和人群回家后可以回

收）可知本篇主要講，設(shè)計專業(yè)學(xué)生嘗試使用紙板制作可回收的環(huán)保帳篷。A.anattemptatdeveloping

recyclabletents（開發(fā)可回收帳篷的嘗試）可以概括本篇大意。故選A項。

D

Areyoutheonlychildinyourfamily?Ifso,doyouenjoyitordoyouwantmoresiblings（兄弟姐妹）?

OnMay31,akeymeetingoftheCommunistPartyofChinaunveiledapolicythatwouldallowallcouplesto

haveuptothreechildren.

Themoveisexpectedtomaximizethepopulation'sroleindrivingeconomicandsocialgrowth,sincethisisa

criticaltimeforChinatotransformtheworld'smostpopulouscountryintoapowerhouse（強國）withaquality

workforce,accordingtotheNationalHealthCommission.

Thethree-childpolicyisalsoexpectedtopreventthedeclineinthenation'sbirthrateandaddressthechallenge

ofarapidlyagingpopulation,ChinaDailyreported.

China'sannualnumberofnewbornshasfallenforfouryearsinarow.Thecountry'stotalbirthrate—theaverage

numberofchildrenborntoeachwoman-stoodat1.3in2020.Thenumberisbelowtherateof2.1thatwould

maintainastablepopulation,accordingtotheNationalBureauofStatistics.

Thedecliningbirthratehasalsobroughtasharpincreaseintheproportionofthepopulationaged60orabove,

risingfrom10.3percentto18.7percentinthepastdecade.Anincreasinglyelderlypopulationwillincreasethecost

oflaborandthepressureonthesocialsecuritynet.Italsomeanstherewillbealackofyounglaborforce.Therefore,

ifsnotgoodforeconomicgrowth,accordingtoChenYouhua,aprofessoratNanjingUniversity.

Infact,thenewbirthpolicyisasteptofurtherrelaxthefamilyplanningpolicy.Theone-childpolicywas

introducedinthe1970sandaimedtocontrolthefast-growingpopulation.Thenin2013,Chinaallowedcouplesto

haveasecondchildifeitherparentwasanonlychild,andin2016,allcoupleswereallowedtohavetwochildren.

However,notallpeoplehaveshowntheirsupportforthislatestpolicy.Manycouplescomplainedaboutthe

risingcostsofraisingachild.AnetizennamedQinfengcommented,"Highcostofeducationandboththephysical

andmentalexhaustionstoppedmefromhavingmorethanonechild."Also,manywomenarereluctant（不情愿的）

togivebirthbecausethatcouldmeansacrificingtheircareerprospects,accordingtoMuGuangzong,aprofessorat

PekingUniversity.

Inthatcase,Munotedthatitisbettertoimplementsupportingmeasureswiththethree-childpolicy,suchas

morepreferential（優(yōu)惠的）policiesforcouplesthatwouldeasetheirparentalburden.

12.WhatmightNOTbethemaincauseforthenewpolicy?

A.Toincreasethepopulation'srole.

B.Tostopthedecliningbirthrate.

C.Toimprovethechild-careservicesystem.

D.Toaddressthechallengeoftheagingpopulation.

13.Whatcanbeknownfromthetext?

A.China'sannualnumberofnewbornshasfallenfordecades.

B.Thegovernmentwillprotectthelegalrightsofwomeninemployment.

C.Measureswillbetakentoimprovethehigh-qualityeducation.

D.Thenewpolicyallowscouplestohaveuptothreechildren.

14.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword"implement"?

A.Tocarryout.B.Togetalongwith.

C.Tomakeuseof.D.Tohaveacommandof.

15.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?

A.Toshowhisloveofchildrenhealthcare.

B.Tointroducethenewfamilysizepolicy.

C.Tosharehisconcernsaboutbirthrate.

D.Toemphasizethephysicalandmentalexhaustion.

【答案】12.C13.D14.A15.B

【解析】

【分析】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要介紹了即將實施的“三孩”政策。

【12題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。由第三段"Themoveisexpectedtomaximizethepopulation'sroleindrivingeconomicandsocial

growth,sincethisisacriticaltimeforChinatotransformtheworld'smostpopulouscountryintoapowerhouse（強

國）withaqualityworkforce,accordingtotheNationalHealthCommission4國家衛(wèi)生健康委員會表示，此舉預(yù)

計將最大限度地發(fā)揮人口在推動經(jīng)濟和社會增長中的作用，因為目前是中國將世界上人口最多的國家轉(zhuǎn)變

為擁有高素質(zhì)勞動力的強國的關(guān)鍵時刻o）"、第四段"Thethree-childpolicyisalsoexpectedtopreventthedecline

inthenation'sbirthrateandaddressthechallengeofarapidlyagingpopulation,ChinaDailyreported.（據(jù)《中國日

報》報道，三孩政策還有望防止中國出生率的下降，并應(yīng)對人口快速老齡化的挑戰(zhàn)。）”可知，選擇項A、

B、D在文中都提到過。選擇項C“完善托兒服務(wù)體系”不是新政策的主要原因。故選C。

【13題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“OnMay31,akeymeetingoftheCommunistPartyofChinaunveiledapolicythat

wouldallowallcouplestohaveuptothreechildren45月31日，中共中央召開重要會議，公布了一項政策，允

許所有夫婦最多生育三個孩子。）可知，政府即將采取新政策，允許一對夫妻生育第三胎。故選D。

【14題詳解】

詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后半句"suchasmorepreferential（優(yōu)惠的）policiesforcouplesthatwouldeasetheir

parentalburden.（比如為夫婦提供更多的優(yōu)惠政策，以減輕他們的負(fù)擔(dān)。）”可知，為了實施三孩政策，需要

配套相應(yīng)的措施。所以implement應(yīng)為“實施”之意。故選A。

【15題詳解】

推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了即將實施的“三孩”政策。所以可以推斷，作者的寫作意圖

是介紹一項（家庭規(guī)模）新政策。故選B。

第二節(jié)（共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

Narcissists（自戀者）arepeoplewhoaresimplyinterestedinthemselves.Theytalkaboutthemselves,demand

admirationandrecognitionandbelieveeveryoneelseshouldenvythem.16Whenyoucomeacrossa

narcissisticperson,yourinitialreactionmightbeshocksbutinsomecasesthebestreactionmightbenoneatall.

Understandthatnarcissismisapersonalitydisorder.17Oftenthepersoncan'thelphimself-he

actuallybelieveshisideaofbeingsuperiortoothers.RememberthatNarcissisticPersonalityDisorder（NPD）is

classifiedasamentalillness.

18.Anarcissistfeedsoffattentionfromothers.Whenthepersonstartstalkingabouthimself

excessively,thebestthingtodoisjustwalkaway-leavethesituation.

Havereasonableexpectationsaboutthepersonandhisabilitytostopbeingself-absorbed.Thisisnotadisorder

thatgoesawayonitsown——oftenthepersonwillneedintensivecounselingtodealwithhisnarcissism.Suggest

counselingifyouareinacloserelationshipwiththeperson,suchasamarriage.19,hisconditionmay

improvewithtreatment

20.Anarcissistcanbeaburdenonhisfriendsandfamilyandwilloftenputothersdownasawayof

buildinghimselfup.Itisimportanttohavehighconfidenceyourself,sothatyoudonotstarttobelieveandabsorb

whathesaysasifitisthetruth.

A.Staypositiveandstrong-minded

B.Ignorethepersonwheneverpossible

C.Givehimorherahandwheneverpossible

D.Whilehemaynotbeabletostopthebehaviorcompletely

E.Oftenitisrootedinchildhoodissues,suchasabuseorneglect

F.Whenyouaresufferingfromthiskindofmentaldisorderoccasionally

G.Theymightevenlieorexaggerate（夸大）thetruthasawaytoliftthemselves

【答案】16.G17.E18.B19.D20.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文為說明文，自戀者是指那些只是對自己很感興趣的人。本文介紹了與自戀者打交道時應(yīng)注意

的一些問題和建議。

【16題詳解】

上文“Narcissists（自戀者）arepeoplewhoaresimplyinterestedinthemselves.Theytalkaboutthemselves,demand

admirationandrecognitionandbelieveeveryoneelseshouldenvythem.（自戀者是指僅僅對自己感興趣的人。他

們談?wù)撍麄冏约?，要求別人的欽佩和認(rèn)可，并相信其他人都應(yīng)該嫉妒他們）”講述了自戀者的一些表現(xiàn)，只

對自己感興趣，認(rèn)為別人都應(yīng)該嫉妒他，因此推斷G項“他們甚至可能通過撒謊或夸大真相來提升自己”

符合語境，與上文是并列關(guān)系，談?wù)撟詰僬叩囊恍┩庠诒憩F(xiàn)，故選G。

【17題詳解】

上文“Understandthatnarcissismisapersonalitydisorder.（要理解自戀是一種人格障礙）”講述自戀是一種心理

疾病，下文uOftenthepersoncan'thelphimself—heactuallybelieveshisideaofbeingsuperiortoothers.（通常這

個人無法控制自己——他實際上相信自己比別人優(yōu)越的想法）”分析這種心理疾病的根源，因此推斷E項“它

通常植根于童年時期的問題，如虐待或忽視”符合語境，與下文是并列關(guān)系，分析自戀產(chǎn)生的根源，承上

啟下。故選E。

【18題詳解】

根據(jù)下文提供的建議“Anarcissistfeedsoffattentionfromothers.Whenthepersonstartstalkingabouthimself

excessively,thebestthingtodoisjustwalkaway—leavethesituation」一個自戀者會吸引別人的注意力。當(dāng)這個

人開始過分地談?wù)撟约簳r，最好的辦法就是離開——離開這種情況）”，遇到自戀者談?wù)撟约哼x擇離開是最好

的辦法。因此推斷B項“盡可能地忽略這個人”符合語境，面對自戀者時的最好解決辦法是忽視他，離開

這種情況。故選B。

【19題詳解】

根據(jù)下文“hisconditionmayimprovewithtreatment（他的病情可以通過治療改善）”可知，此處談?wù)撊绾巫柚?/p>

自戀的產(chǎn)生，空處是一個從句，D項“盡管可能無法完全阻止這種行為”符合語境，與下文構(gòu)成讓步關(guān)系。

故選D。

【20題詳解】

下文“Itisimportanttohavehighconfidenceyourself,sothatyoudonotstarttobelieveandabsorbwhathesaysas

ifitisthetruth.（對自己有很高的自信是重要的，以便于你不會開始相信和理解他說的似乎是事實）”建議你

要積極自信。因此推斷A項“保持樂觀和意志堅強”符合語境。故選A。

第三部分語言知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）

第一節(jié)（共20小題;每小題分，滿分30分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳

選項。

WhenWilliams,oncealibrarian,now54-yearold,becameanelementaryschoolteacherandtutorinDanville,

Virginia,shewantedherstudentstofallinlovewith21justasshehad.Butearlyon,she22some

kidshadlimited23tobooks.ToWilliams,the24wassimple:Givekidsbooks.In2017,she

25gaveaway900usedchildren'sbooksoverthreedays.Mostpeoplewouldbe26withthat.

“Iwantedtodosomethingthafsgoingto27myfaith,myworkethic,myeverything.^^Soshe

28anewgoalforherself:Giveawayonemillionbooks.Itsoundslikean29number,butas

Williams30onFacebook:"Don'tcomplaininthebleachers（露天看臺）ifyouaren'twillingtoworkhard

outonthe

Soshegotdownto31,firstbypersuadingfriendstodonatebooks.or32buybooks.Before

long,asnewsofWilliams'sproject33.strangersstartedleavingpacksof34onherfrontporch.

Asquicklyasthebookscomein,Williams35themtolocalschools-freeofcharge.Shealso

36abookclubforprisonersinthelocaljail.

Inthefouryearsshe'sbeendoingallthis,theBookLady,asWilliamshascometobeknown,has37

morethan78,000books―only922,000moretoreachher38!Andshe'snotslowingdown.It'stoo

importantforkidswith39options."Readingcantakeyouanywhere.Youcantravelintimeand

40.Ifyoucanread,youcanlearnalmostanything.^^

21.A.teachingB.readingC.drawingD.writing

22.A.assumedB.predi