2016年10月自考00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)試題及答案含解析

現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)年月真題

00830201610

1、【單選題】Indistinguishingcompetenceandperformance,Chomskylooksat

languagefroma______pointofview,andtohimcompetenceisapropertyofthe

mindofeachindividual.

sociologic

psychological

A:

historical

B:

cultural

C:

答D:案：B

2、【單選題】Ofthefollowingspeechsounds,______isrepresentedinnarrow

transcription.

[i]

[i:]

A:

[f]

B:

[l]

C:

答D:案：C

3、【單選題】lthefollowingmorphemescanbedefinitelyregardedas

derivationalmorphemesEXCEPT______.

-ium

-ing

A:

semi-

B:

-ly

C:

答D:案：B

4、【單選題】IntheX-bartheory,theheadofthephrase"quiteabovethedesk"

is______.

quite

above

A:

the

B:

desk

C:

答D:案：B

5、【單選題】Ifyousaythatthereisnodirectconnectionbetweenalinguistic

formandwhatitrefersto,youholda______viewofmeaningstudy

naming

conceptualist

A:

contextual

B:

behaviorist

C:

答D:案：B

6、【單選題】Thenotionof______consideredasconstitutedbytheknowledge

sharedbythespeakerandthehearer.

context

utterance

A:

conversationalimplicature

B:

speechact

C:

答D:案：A

7、【單選題】DuringtheRenaissancemovement,manyof______wordsbecamepart

oftheeducatedEnglishlexicon.

German

LatinandGreek

A:

Italian

B:

French

C:

答D:案：B

8、【單選題】Themostdistinguishablelinguisticfeatureofaregionaldialect

isits______

accent

morphemes

A:

useofwords

B:

useofstructure

C:

答D:案：A

9、【單選題】ThecaseofPhineasGageshowsusthat______.

humanlanguageabilityisnotlocatedinthebrainbecausePhineasbrainwasnot

sodamagedthathecouldstillspeak

A:

humanlanguageabilityislocatedintherighthemisphereofthebrain

B:

ifhumanlanguageabilityislocatedinthebrain,itissituatedrightat

thefront

C:

ifhumanlanguageabilityislocatedinthebrain,itisnotsituatedright

atthefront

D:

答案：D

10、【單選題】Thereareanumberoffactorspertainingtothelearnerthat

potentiallyinfluencethewayinwhichasecondlanguageisacquired.Whichof

thefollowingisNOTanindividuallearnerfactor？______

Instruction

Motivation

A:

Personality

B:

Age

C:

答D:案：A

11、【判斷題】Linguisticscanbedefinedasthescientificstudyofany

particularlanguagesuchasEnglish,ChineseandLatin.

正確

錯(cuò)誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：B

解析：FLinguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientilicstudyword

language.theword"languageprecededbythezeroarticleinEnglishimplies

thatlinguisticsstudiesnotanyparticularlanguage,e,g,English,

Chines,Arabic,andLatin,butlanguagesingeneral.評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：答錯(cuò)扣2分；判

斷正確得1分，解釋不當(dāng)扣0.5-1分

12、【判斷題】Chineseisatypicaltonelanguage,whichhasfourtones.

正確

錯(cuò)誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：A

解析：T評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：答對得2分；答錯(cuò)扣2分

13、【判斷題】Semantically,themeaningofacompoundisoftenthesumtotalof

themeaningsofitscomponents.

正確

A:

錯(cuò)誤

答B(yǎng):案：B

解析：FSemanticallythemeaningofacompoundisidiomatic.notanwaysthe

sumtotalofthemeaningsofitscomponents.評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：答錯(cuò)扣2分：判斷正確得1

分，解釋不當(dāng)扣0.5-1分

14、【判斷題】Combinationalrulesarerulesthatgroupwordsandphrasestoform

grammaticalsentences.

正確

錯(cuò)誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：A

解析：T評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：答對得2分；答錯(cuò)扣2分

15、【判斷題】Senseandreferencearetwoimportantnotionsassociatedwith

lexicalmeaning

正確

錯(cuò)誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：A

解析：T評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：答對得2分：答錯(cuò)扣2分

16、【判斷題】Whatessentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsiswhether

inthestudyofmeaningthecontextofuseshouldbetakenintoconsideration

正確

錯(cuò)誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：A

解析：T評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：答對得2分；答錯(cuò)扣2分

17、【判斷題】ThedivisionofEnglishlanguageintotheperiodsofoldEnglish,

MiddleEnglishandModemisnonconventionalandnotarbitrary.

正確

錯(cuò)誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：B

解析：FhedivisionofEnglishLanguageintotheperiodsofOldEnglish,

MiddleEnglishandModernEnglishisconventionalandarbitrary評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：答錯(cuò)

扣2分：判斷正確得1分，解釋不當(dāng)扣0.5-1分

18、【判斷題】Languageitselfisnotsexist,butitreflectssexisminsociety

asitcanconnotesexistattitudesaswellasattitudesaboutsocialtaboosor

racism

正確

錯(cuò)誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：A

解析：T評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：答對得2分；答錯(cuò)扣2分

19、【判斷題】Whenwesaythatlanguageprovidesameansfortheexpressionor

communicationofthought,wemeanthatlanguageistheonlymeansofexpressing

thought.

正確

錯(cuò)誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：B

解析：FWhenwesaythatlanguageprovidesameansfortheexpressionor

communicationofthoughtwedonotmeanthatlanguageistheonlymeansof

expressingthought:therearealsooccasionswhenindividualsusenonlinguistic

meansofcommunication評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：答錯(cuò)扣2分：判斷正確得1分，解釋不當(dāng)扣0.5-1

分

20、【判斷題】Likeovertteaching,imitationplaysatbestaveryminorrolein

thechild'smasteryoflanguage.

正確

錯(cuò)誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：A

解析：T評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：答對得2分；答錯(cuò)扣2分

21、【問答題】Whichenjoyspriorityinmodernlinguistics,speechorwriting？

Why？

答案：I）Modernlinguisticsgivesprioritytothespokenformoflanguage,

whichisconsideredasmorebasictianthewrittenformforamannerofreasons

2）First,inanyhuman:societyweknowof.speechprecedeswriting.

Thewritingsysternanylanguageisalwaysalaterinvention,usedtorecord

thespeech3）Whilequiteanumberoflanguagesintheworldtodayhaveboth

spokenandwriter:formsherearestillmanylanguagesthathaveonlythe

spokenform4）Andthenintermsoffunction.thespokenlanguageisusedfor

awiderrangeofpurposesthanthewritten,andcarriesaIargerloadof

communicationthanthewritten評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：1）和3）名占2分，2）和4）各占3分；

解釋不當(dāng)，酌情扣分

22、【問答題】Whatarethefourmaximsunderthecooperativeprinciple？And

illustratewithoneexamplehowtheviolationofthemaximofqualitygivesrise

toconversationalimplicature.

答案：Thefourmaximsunderthecooperativeprinciplearemaximofquality,

maximofquantity,maximofrelation,andmaximofmanner.Whenweviolate

anyofthesemaxims,orlanguagebecomesindirect.andconversational

implicaturewillarise,Forexample,A:Wouldyouliketocometoourparty

tonight?B:I’mafraidI'mnotfeelingsowelltodayThisissaidwhenit

isknowntobothAandBthatBisnothavinganyhealthproblemthatwill

preventhimfromgoingtoaparty,ThisBissayingsomethingthathehimself

knowstobefalseandisfloutingthemaximofquality.Theimplicature

producedis"Idonotwanttoyourpartytonight）評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：答對4個(gè)準(zhǔn)則得4

分，正確舉例和解釋得6分；解釋不當(dāng)，酌情扣分

23、【填空題】Ad______studyoflanguageisahistoricalstudy,whichstudies

thedevelopmentoflanguageoveraperiodoftime.

答案：diachronic

24、【填空題】Todescribethephysicalpropertiesofspeechsounds,a______

phoneticiansusespectrographstorecordthesoundwaves.

答案：acoustic

25、【填空題】Accordingtotheirpositioninthenewwords,a______divided

intotwokinds:prefixesandsuffixes.

答案：affixes

26、【填空題】Universallyfoundinthegrammarsofallhumanlanguages,

syntacticrulescomprisethesystemofinternalizedlinguisticknowledgeofa

languagespeakerknownaslinguisticc______

答案：competence

27、【填空題】Accordingtotheb______viewofmeaningstudy,themeaningofa

linguisticformisthesituationinwhichthespeakeruttersitandtheresponse

itcallsforthinthebearer.

答案：behaviorist

28、【填空題】AccordingtoAustin'snewmodelofspeechacttheory,aspeaker

mightbeperformingthreeactssimultarcouslywhenspeaking:locutionaryact,I

______actandperlocutionaryact.

答案：illocutionary

29、【填空題】Sounda______referstothephysiologicaleffectofonesoundon

another.

答案：assimilation

30、【填空題】Languagevarietiesotherthanthestandardarecallednonstandard

orv______languages.

答案：vernacular

31、【填空題】Thec______periodhypothesisreferstoaperiodinone'slife

experienceextendingfromaboutagetwotopuberty,duringwhichthehumanbrain

ismostreadytoacquireaparticularlanguageandlanguagelearningcan

proceedeasily,swiftly,andwithoutexplicitinstruction.

答案：critical

32、【填空題】Althoughtheylackgrammaticalmorphemes,t______sentencesin

themultiwordstagearenotsimplywordsthatarerandomlystrungtogether,but

followtheprinciplesofsentenceformation.

答案：telegraphic

33、【名詞解釋】arbitrariness

答案：ArbitrarinessisoneofthetwelvedesignfeaturesproposedbyCharles

Hockeu,whichmeansthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningsand

sounds.Agoodexampleisthefactthatdifferentsoundsareusedtoreferto

thesameobjectindifferentlanguages.評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：答對得3分；解釋不當(dāng)，酌情扣

分。

34、【名詞解釋】suprasegmentalfeatures

答案：Suprasegmentalfeaturesarethephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethe

levelofthesegments.Whichmainlyincludestress,toneandintonation.評分

標(biāo)準(zhǔn):答對得3分;解釋不當(dāng),酌情扣分

35、【名詞解釋】morphology

答案：Morphologyisabranch.ofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternaldsandthe

rulesbywhichwordsareformed.評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn):對得3分;解釋不當(dāng),酌情扣分

36、【名詞解釋】finiteclause

答案：Afiniteclauseisaclausethattakesasubjectandafiniteverband

atthesametimestandsstructurallyalone.Forexample,Johnfast.評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn):

答對得3分;解釋不當(dāng),酌情扣分

37、【名詞解釋】stylisticsynonyms

答案：Stylisticsynonymsarewordsthathavethesamemeaningbutdifferin

styleordegreeofformality,forexample,fatherisneutralwhiledadis

casual.評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：答對得3分;解釋不當(dāng),酌情扣分。

38、【名詞解釋】constatives

答案：Constativesarestatementsthateitherstateordescribe,andare

thereforeverifiableintermsoftruthvalues.Forexample,(1state)thecatch

isaglobe.評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn):答對得3分;解釋不當(dāng),酌情扣分

39、【名詞解釋】cognate

答案：Acognateisawordinonelanguagewhichissimilarinformandmeaning

toawordinanother