課件閱讀理解之推理判斷題課件

稻閱讀理解之推理判斷題考察目的：在理解原文字面意思的基礎上，通過對語篇邏輯關系的分析和細節(jié)的暗示做出合理的推測和符合文意的判斷。高頻考點：推測隱含含義，寫作意圖，觀點態(tài)度低頻考點：推斷下段內(nèi)容，文章出處，讀者對象原則：合文意，合情理，不可過渡推斷常見的設問方式(1)Whatcanweinferfromthetext?(2)Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?(3)Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthetext?(4)Whatisthepurposeofthistext?(5)What'stheauthor'sattitudetowards...?(6)Wheredoesthispassageprobablycomefrom?(7)Wherecanthetextbefound?(8)Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribe...?(1)“立足原文，只推一步”，即根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容，一步即可推斷出結果。正確選項特征(2)選項中一般不可以出現(xiàn)表示絕對概念的詞，如only,never,all和absolutely等;正確答案的表述一般會用一些相對能夠留下一些余地的詞，如often,usually,sometimes,some,may,might,can,could,possibly和probably等。干擾選項特征1.事實復述：僅僅對原文事實簡化陳述，而不是推斷出來的2.背離主題，無中生有：選項背離了文章的主題思想3.過度推斷：有時作者只是客觀地敘述事實，并未做出評論，而一些選項卻主觀地進行推斷。如提到一樣東西貴，并不意味著買不起4.以偏概全：一些選項僅對某一句話進行推斷，而忽略了其他信息，造成以偏概全錯誤

干擾選項特征5.擴縮范圍：改變或者去掉almost,all,nearly,morethan,normally,usually這些詞擴大或縮小文意。題型一：細節(jié)推理題設問方式●Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat_____.●Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat_____

.●Thewriter/authorindicates/suggests/impliesthat_____.

●Whatcanweinferabout...?常見單詞：infer，indicate，imply，suggest，conclude，assume24.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Hewasfondoftraveling.B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.C.Hehadaninquiringmind.D.Helongedtobeadoctor.(2023·新課標I卷·B)WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.

Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(細菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.(2023·新高考I卷閱讀B節(jié)選)ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge(污泥).First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.25.WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?A.Tofeedtheanimals.B.Tobuildanecosystem.C.Toprotecttheplants.D.Totesttheeco-machine.題型二：觀點態(tài)度題考察對人，事，物和內(nèi)容的觀點和態(tài)度肯定：positive積極樂觀的;

optimistic樂觀的; favorable贊同的; approving贊成的; supportive支持的; reasonable合理的enthusiastic熱情的satisfied滿意的題型二：觀點態(tài)度題考察對人，事，物和內(nèi)容的觀點和態(tài)度否定：disapproving不贊成的;critical批評的;negative否定的,消極的;

dismissive輕視的doubtful/skeptical/suspicious懷疑的;pessimistic悲觀的

impractical不切實際的radical激進的prejudiced有偏見的disappointed讓人失望的題型二：觀點態(tài)度題考察對人，事，物和內(nèi)容的觀點和態(tài)度中立：objective客觀的;

neutral中立的;unconcerned不關心的;

indifferent漠不關心的;uninterested不感興趣的;

unclear不清楚的ambiguous模棱兩可的題型二：觀點態(tài)度題考察對人，事，物和內(nèi)容的觀點和態(tài)度修飾人的：passionate熱情的

warm-hearted熱心腸的

considerate體貼的; demanding高要求的;generous慷慨的; persevering堅韌的realiable可靠的capable有能力的confident自信的humorous幽默的題型二：觀點態(tài)度題做題思路：1.明確是誰和對什么事的態(tài)度

作者？

文中某人？2.明確表達觀點的句子。think，believe，say,引號后面的句子3.明確表達態(tài)度的詞匯。valuable，hopeful，helpful，well，good.....worry,doubt,concerned,tobetested,notsure.......[典例](2023·新課標I卷·D)OnMarch7，1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomof

crowds”effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.

AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-making

areenormous.35.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardNavajas'studies?

A.Unclear. B.Dismissive.

C.Doubtful.

D.Approving.31.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofWeiner'sbook?A.Objectiveandplain.B.Daringandambitious.C.Seriousandhardtofollow.D.Humorousandstraightforward.(2023·全國甲卷閱讀C節(jié)選)Hemakesphilosophicalthoughtanappealingexercisethatimprovesthequalityofourexperiences,andhedoessowithplentyofhumor.Weinerentersintoconversationwithsomeofthemostimportantphilosophersinhistory,andhebecomespartofthatcrowdintheprocessbydecoding(解讀)theirmessagesandaddinghisowninterpretation.

TheSocratesExpressisafun,sharpbookthatdrawsreadersinwithitsapparentsimplicityandgraduallypullsthemindeeperthoughtsondesire，loneliness,andaging.Theinvitationisclear:Weinerwantsyoutopickupacoffeeorteaandsitdownwiththisbook.Iencourageyoutotakehisoffer.It'sworthyourtime,eveniftimeissomethingwedon'thavealotof.題型三：寫作意圖題全文的寫作意圖段落/細節(jié)的寫作意圖緊扣文章主題主旨判斷文章首尾段段落首尾句文體推斷法議論文說明文記敘文廣告文說明觀點，提倡做法to

prove/analyze

/show/

argue/persuade介紹事物或解釋現(xiàn)象tointroduce/explain/inform..講故事,分享經(jīng)歷，表達情感，感悟或啟示totellastory/toshareanexperience/toentertain/toinspire推銷產(chǎn)品，吸引顧客、游客to

attract

visitorsto

sella

producttopromote(推銷)...新聞報道toinform/report...題型三：寫作意圖題寫作手法的目的開篇提問講述相關之事舉例，引語或數(shù)據(jù)讓讀者關注主題，引出主題引出主題或者提供背景證明某一觀點或說明某個主題題型三：寫作意圖題

(2023·浙江1月卷閱讀C)A

machinecannownotonlybeatyouatchess,itcanalsooutperformyouindebate.Lastweek,inapublicdebateinSanFrancisco，asoftwareprogramcalledProjectDebaterbeatitshumanopponents,includingNoaOvadia,Israel'sformernationaldebatingchampion.

Brilliantthoughitis,ProjectDebaterhassomeweaknesses.Ittakessentencesfromitsibraryofdocumentsandprebuiltargumentsandstringsthemtogether.Thiscanleadtothekindsof

errorsnohumanwouldmake.Suchwrinkleswillnodoubtbeironedout,yettheyalsopointtoafundamentalproblem.題型三：寫作意圖題

AsKristianHammond,professorofelectricalengineeringandcomputerscienceatNorthwesternUniversity,putit:“There'sneverastageatwhichthesystemknowswhatit'stalkingabout.”28.WhydoestheauthormentionNoaOvadiainthefirstparagraph?A.Toexplaintheuseofasoftwareprogram.B.ToshowtheclevernessofProjectDebater.C.TointroducethedesignerofProject

Debater.D.Toemphasizethefairnessofthecompetition.(2023·全國甲卷·C)Weinerstarts

eachchapterwithasceneonatrainridebetweencities

andthenframeseachphilosopher'sworkinthecontext

(背景)ofonethingtheycanhelpusdobetter.Theend

resultisareadinwhichwelearntowonderlike

Socrates蘇格拉底，seelikeThoreau梭羅，listenlikeSchopenhauer叔本華,

andhavenoregretslikeNietzsche尼采.This,morethana

bookaboutunderstandingphilosophy,isabookabout

learningtousephilosophytoimprovealife. 29.Whydoestheauthorlistgreatphilosopher

inpara4?A.TocompareWeinerwiththem.B.Togiveexamplesofgreatworks. C.Topraisetheirwritingskills. D.TohelpreadersunderstandWeiner'sbook 題型四：寫作手法題常見的寫作手法時間順序法(timeorder)空間順序法(spaceorder)列數(shù)據(jù)(listingdata)舉例說明法(givingexample)比較與對比法(comparison)下定義和分類法(definitionandclassification)概括總結（conclusionandsummary）題型四：寫作手法題10.Whatdoestheauthorfocusoninthelasttwo

paragraphs?A.Providingexamples.B.Makingasummary.C.Drawincomparisons.D.Explainingaconcept.題型四：寫作手法題

(2021·八省聯(lián)考節(jié)選)Twobasicmagictricksaremakingobjectsseemtoappearandmakingobjectsseemtodisappear.Acombinationofthesetwotricksmakesforsomeinterestingeffects.Forexample,themagicianputsasmallballunderoneofseveralcups.Theballthenseemstojumpfromonecuptoanotherortochangecolour....

Anotherfavouritetrickistocutorburnsomething,andthenmakeitappearwholeagain.Whatactuallyhappensisthatthemagicianmakesthecutorburnedobjectdisappearbyquicklyhidingitwhiletheaudiencewatchessomethingelse.Thenhe“magically”makesitappearwholeagainbydisplaying(展示)anotherobjectthathasnotbeencutorburned.題型五：文章出處，文章類別，讀者對象看內(nèi)容判斷出處和類別所讀文章有極強的時效性，有日期，地點或通訊社名字→newspaper,newsreport新產(chǎn)品/新影片/演出介紹→advertisement文章中有網(wǎng)址或其他網(wǎng)絡典型用語,如click，mouse,link等→website旅游景點方面的介紹→travelguide,brochure，journal題型五：文章出處，文章類別，讀者對象看內(nèi)容判斷出處和類別時尚、名人或娛樂方面的介紹→magazine,journal,entertainmentsection，amusement科普知識/研究介紹→sciencereport,studyreport,research文化教育性的文章→educationsection活動介紹→notice,announcement題型五：文章出處，文章類別，讀者對象

(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisace