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新概念英語第一冊語法總結(jié)(上)[八種時(shí)態(tài)]

一.時(shí)態(tài):

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),一般過去時(shí),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),

一般將來時(shí),過去進(jìn)行時(shí),過去完成時(shí),過去將來時(shí)

1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):

表示一般性,經(jīng)常性的動作或一般性事實(shí)。

含有be動詞的句子

Heisateacher.

Thegirlisverybeautiful.

TimandJackarestudents.

★變疑問句將be動詞移到句首

Isheateacher?

Isthegirlverybeautiful?

AreTimandJackstudents?

★變否定句在be動詞后面加not

Heisnotateacher.

Thegirlisnotverybeautiful.

TimandJackarenotstudents.

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes,heis.No,heisnot.

Yes,sheis.No,sheisnot.

Yes,theyare.No,theyarenot.

不含有動詞的句子,即含有一般動詞的句子

第三人稱單數(shù)及單數(shù)名詞:

Helikesbooks.

Shelikeshim.

Thedoglikesbones.

★變疑問句在句首加does,動詞變?yōu)樵?/p>

Doeshelikebooks?

Doesshelikehim?

Doesthedoglikebones?

★變否定句在主語及動詞之間加doesn't,動詞變?yōu)樵?/p>

Hedoesn'tlikebooks.

Shedoesn'tlikehim.

Thedogdoesn'tlikebones.

★肯定回答及否定回答:

Yes,hedoes.No,hedoesn't.

Yes,shedoes.No,shedoesn't

Yes,itdoes.No,itdoesn't.

注意:第三人稱單數(shù)形式一般在動詞后面加S,不要和名詞復(fù)數(shù)混淆,變否定句

或疑問句時(shí)名詞復(fù)數(shù)沒有任何變化。

其他人稱及復(fù)數(shù)名詞

Iwanttohaveabath.

Wehavesomemeat.

Thestudentslikesmartteachers.

★變疑問句在句首加do

Doyouwanttohaveabath?

Dowehaveanymeat?

Dothestudentslikesmartteachers?

★變否定句在主語和動詞之間加don5t.

Youdon'twanttohaveabath.

Wedon'thaveanymeat.

Thestudentsdon'tlikesmartteachers.

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes,Ido,No,Idon't.

Yes,wedo,No,wedon't

Yes,theydo.No,theydon,t.

2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動作。

構(gòu)成:主語+be動詞+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其它成分(現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成見附錄)

Wearehavinglunch.

Heisreadingabook.

Thedogisrunningafteracat.

Theboysareswimmingacrosstheriver.

★變疑問句將be動詞移到句首

Arewehavinglunch?

Ishereadingabook?

Isthedogrunningafteracat?

Aretheboysswimmingacrosstheriver?

★變否定句在be動詞后面加not

Wearenothavinglunch.

Heisnotreadingabook.

Thedogisnotrunningafteracat.

Theboysareswimmingacrosstheriver.

★特殊疑問句:what,which,how,where,who,etc.

疑問詞+動詞+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞

Whatareyoudoing?

Whatisshedoing?

Whatisthedogdoing?

(必背)

沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)的動詞

表示狀態(tài),思想,感情和感覺的動詞不能表示正在進(jìn)行的動作

1.表示感覺,感官的詞

see,hear,like,love,want,

2.have,has當(dāng)”擁有”講時(shí)沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)

3.一般過去時(shí)

表示過去發(fā)生的動作或事件,常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用,如yesterday,last

night,thedaybeforeyesterday,3daysago,

含有be動詞的句子,將動詞變?yōu)檫^去式,am,is的過去式為was,are的過去式

為were

Iwasatthebutcher's.

Youwereastudentayearago.

Theteacherwasverybeautifultenyearsago.

★變疑問句將be動詞移動到句首

Wereyouatthebutcher's?

Wereyouastudentayearago?

Wastheteacherverybeautifultenyearsago?

★變否定句在be動詞后面加not

Iwasnotatthebutcher's.

Youwerenotastudentayearago.

Theteacherwasnotverybeautifultenyearsago.

★肯定回答否定回答

Yes,Iwas.No,Iwasnot.

Yes,youwere.No,youwerenot.

Yes,he/shewas.No,he/shewasnot.

★特殊疑問句:

Whatdidyoudo?

(必背)

不含有be動詞的句子,將動詞變?yōu)檫^去式,動詞過去式構(gòu)成見附錄

Ifinishedmyhomeworkyesterday.

Theboywenttoarestaurant.

TheSawyerslivedatKingStreetayearago.

KingStreetayearago.

★變疑問句在句首加did,動詞變?yōu)樵?/p>

Didyoufinishyourhomeworkyesterday?

Didtheboygotoarestaurant?

DidtheSawyersliveatKingStreetayearago?

KingStreetayearago?

★變否定句在主語和動詞之間加didnot

Ididnotfinishmyhomeworkyesterday.

Theboydidnotgotoarestaurant.

TheSawyersdidnotliveatKingStreetayearago.

KingStreetayearago.

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes,Idid.No,Ididn't.

Yes,hedid.No,hedidn't.

Yes,theydid.No,theydidnot.

4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

構(gòu)成:主語+助動詞have,has+過去分詞

用法:

1)表示過去發(fā)生的和現(xiàn)在有某種聯(lián)系的動作,常和just,usually,already,since

等時(shí)間副詞連用

Ihavejusthadlunch.(飽了,不用再吃了)

Hehashadacupoftea.(不渴了,不用再喝)

Theyhavealreadyhadtheirholiday.(不能再度假了)

Theboyhasalreadyreadthebook.(已經(jīng)知道書的內(nèi)容了,不用再看了)

2)詢問別人是否做過某事一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):

Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?

HaveyoubeentoBeijing?

Haveheseenthefilm?

3)表示開始于過去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作

IhavelivedinBeijingfortwentyyears.

Ihaveworkedforthisschoolfor1year.

4)表示一種經(jīng)歷,經(jīng)驗(yàn):去過…地方,做過…事情,經(jīng)歷過…事情

Ihaveneverhadabath.

Ihaveneverseenafilm.

Ihaveneverbeentocinema.

IhaveeverbeentoParis.

Havebeento表示去過,havegoneto表示去T

IhavebeentoLondon.(人已經(jīng)回來)

HehasgonetoLondon.(人還在那里)

5)表示一種結(jié)果,一般不和時(shí)間副詞聯(lián)用

Ihavelostmypen.

Ihavehurtmyself.

Hehasbecomeateacher.

Shehasbrokenmyheart.

句型變化:

★變疑問句將助動詞移到句首,變否定句在助動詞后面加not.

e.g.Haveyoulostyourpen?Ihavenotlostmypen.

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes,Ihave.No,Ihavenot.

★特殊疑問句:

Whathaveyoudone?

Whathashedone?

一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別:

凡是有明確的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語的句子為過去時(shí)

注意:有些動詞表示的動作有一個終點(diǎn),不能再延續(xù),因此不能和表示一段時(shí)間

狀語連用

錯:I'veleftBeijingfor3days.

對:IleftBeijing3daysago.Ihavebeenawayfrombeingfor3days.

5.一般將來時(shí)

表示將來將要發(fā)生的動作,經(jīng)常和tomorrow,nextyear,thedayaftertomorrow,the

yearafterthenext,infivehours5time,etc.表示將來的詞聯(lián)用

結(jié)構(gòu):主語+助動詞will+動詞原形

IwillgotoAmericatomorrow.

ThepilotwillflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext.

Jackwillmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning.

★變疑問句將助動詞移到句首

WillyougotoAmericatomorrow?

WillthepilotflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext?

WillJackmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning?

★變否定句在助動詞后面加not

IwillnotgotoAmericatomorrow.

ThepilotwillnotflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext.

Jackwillnotmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes,Iwill.No,Iwillnot.

Yes,he/shewill.No,he/shewillnot.

Yes,hewill.No,hewillnot.

★特殊疑問句:

Whatwillyoudo?

6.過去完成時(shí):

用法:在過去的時(shí)間里,兩個動作中,發(fā)生在前的哪個動作要用過去完成時(shí)。

結(jié)構(gòu):had+過去分詞

Aftershehadfinishedherhomework,shewentshopping.

TheyhadsoldthecarbeforeIaskedtheprice.

ThetrainhadleftbeforeIarrivedatthestation.

After/before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句放在句首要在句子后面加逗號,如果放在主句后

則不用加。

★變疑問句將助動詞移到句首

Hadshefinishedherhomework?

★變否定句在助動詞后面加not

Shehadn'tfinishedherhomework.

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes,shehad.No,shehadn't.

★特殊疑問句:

Whathadshedone?

7.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

表示過去正在進(jìn)行的動作,經(jīng)常用在when,while,as引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中。

結(jié)構(gòu):was/were+doing

Whenmyhusbandwasgoingintothediningroomthismorning,hedroppedsome

coinsonthefloor.

Whilewewerehavingdinner,myfatherwaswatchingTV.

8.過去將來時(shí)

結(jié)構(gòu):woulddo

Shesaidshewouldgoherethenextmorning.

新概念英語第一冊語法總結(jié)(中)[句型和詞]

二.特殊句型:therebe句型,begoingto結(jié)構(gòu)

1.Begoingto結(jié)構(gòu)

表示打算,準(zhǔn)備,計(jì)劃做某事

★結(jié)構(gòu):主語+be動詞+goingto+動詞原型

Iamgoingtomakeabookcase.

Theyaregoingtopaintit.

Thefatherisgoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter.

★變疑問句將be動詞移到句首

Areyougoingtomakeabookcase?

Aretheygoingtopaintit?

Isthefathergoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter?

★變否定句在be動詞后面加not

Iamnotgoingtomakeabookcase.

Theyaregoingtopaintit.

Thefatherisnotgoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter.

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes,Iam.No,Iamnot.

Yes,theyare.No,theyarenot.

Yes,heis.No,heisnot.

★特殊疑問句

Whatareyougoingtodo?

Whataretheygoingtodo?

Whatisthefathergoingtodo?

(必背)

2.Therebe句型

表示哪里有什么東西(某處有某物)

Thereis+單數(shù)名詞+表示場所的詞(一般為介詞詞組)

Thereisabookinthisroom.

Thereisapenonthetable

Thereare+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+表示場所的詞(一般為介詞詞組)

Therearetwopensonthetable.

Therearethreeschoolsthere.

★變疑問句將be動詞移到句首

Isthereabookinthisroom?

Aretheretwopensonthetable?

★變否定句在動詞后面加not

Thereisnotabookinthisroom.

Therearenottwopensonthetable.

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes,thereis.No,thereisnot.

Yes,thereare.No,therearenot.

三.問句:

一般疑問句,特殊疑問句,選擇疑問句,反意疑問句,選擇疑問句,否定疑問句

2一般疑問句:助動詞/be動詞+主語

Areyouateacher?Doyouwanttohaveacupoftea?

2特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句

Whatisyourname?

2選擇疑問句:or

Doyouwantbeeforlamb?

2反意疑問句:肯定陳述句+否定疑問部分,否定陳述部分+肯定疑問部分

Youdon'tneedthatpen,doyou?

2否定疑問句:一般疑問句+否定詞

Aren'tyoulucky?Don'tyouwanthavearest?

四.冠詞用法:a/an/the的一般用法(詳細(xì)見筆記)

五.限定詞:some,any,many,much

2some,any修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,some用于肯定句,any用于否定句和疑

問句,注意,當(dāng)期待對方的答案為肯定回答時(shí)用some

2many修飾可數(shù)名詞,much修飾不可數(shù)名詞,在口語中表示很多一般不用many,

much,而用alotof,在否定句中表示很多用many,much.

Ihavealotofmoney.Idon'thavemuchmoney.

六.名詞:種類,復(fù)數(shù),名詞所有格

1.名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞

2不可數(shù)名詞

無法分開的東西:water,tea,bread,milk,rice(米)

抽象的東西:love,beauty,coldness(寒冷)

不可數(shù)名詞有以下特點(diǎn):

1.不能用a,an修飾

2.不能加s

3.和單數(shù)be動詞或動詞搭配

2可數(shù)名詞:

單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞要用冠詞修飾,復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞要在名詞后面加S,名詞復(fù)數(shù)共有以下

幾種變化:

規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式

規(guī)則1一般情況+S

e.g.shell—>shellsbook—?books

規(guī)則2以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾+es

e.g.fdx—foxeschurch—churches,bus—?buses,

watch—?watches

規(guī)則3以o結(jié)尾+s或+es

e.g.potato一potatoes,Negro—Negroes,hero—>heroes,

tomato-tomatoes,(口訣:黑人英雄愛吃土豆和西紅柿),

剩下一般加s,radio-radios

規(guī)則4以f,fe結(jié)尾的,變f,fe為ves

e.g.life—liveshalf一halves,shelf—shelves,city—cities,

wifb—wives

規(guī)則5以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾,變y為i+es

e.g.sky—skiesfly—flies

不規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式

單數(shù)manwomanfootgoosetooth

復(fù)數(shù)menwomenfeetgeeseteeth

單數(shù)childsheepdeermousefish

復(fù)數(shù)childrensheepdeermicefish

七.介詞(注意總結(jié)書上詞組)

八.副詞:用法及形容詞變副詞的變化

U副詞可以修飾形容詞,動詞,副詞或整個句子。如:

Thebookisverygood.

Herunsfast.

Shecameherequiteearly.

CertainlyIwillgowithyou.

u變化:

1.直接在形容詞后加-ly,

careful-carefully,slow-slowly,

2.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的形容詞,把y變L力口」y,

happy-happily,lucky-luckily

3.有些詞形容詞和副詞的形式相同,不需要做任何變化

fast,hard,late

4.有些詞加上-ly后意思與原詞相差很遠(yuǎn):

neary-nearly,high-highly,late-lately,

九.情態(tài)動詞的使用:can,must,may,might,need,

1.情態(tài)動詞can(能夠),must(必須),may(可以)

結(jié)構(gòu):主語+can/must/may+動詞原型

Hecanmakethetea.

Sallycanairtheroom.

WecanspeakEnglish.

★變疑問句將情態(tài)動詞移到句首

Canhemakethetea?

CanSallyairtheroom?

CanwespeakEnglish?

★變否定句在情態(tài)動詞后面加not

Hecannotmakethetea.

Sallycannotairtheroom.

WecannotspeakEnglish.

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes,hecan.No,hecannot.

Yes,shecan.No,shecannot.

Yes,wecan.No,wecannot.

★特殊疑問句:

Whatcanyoudo?

(必背)

注意:情態(tài)動詞的句子沒有第三人稱單數(shù)的變化,不要在情態(tài)動詞或動詞后面加

So

2.Must/haveto的區(qū)別

must表示必須,是主觀上覺得應(yīng)該做,haveto是不得不,是由于客觀條件逼迫

的必要要做

must只能用在表示現(xiàn)在和將來的句子里,而havetodo可以用在任何時(shí)態(tài)

3.must,may,might表示猜測:

mustdo表示對現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的猜測

musthavedone表示對過去事實(shí)的猜測

musthavebeendoing表示對過去正在進(jìn)行的事實(shí)的猜測

may/mightdo,may/mighthavedone表示沒有任何事實(shí)依據(jù)的猜測,might的可能

性更小。

can,t/couldn,t表示不可能

4.need用法:

表示“需要”時(shí)為實(shí)意動詞,后面可以加名詞,也可以加不定式:

Ineedapen.Doyouneedanybeer?No,Idon't.

Ineedtohavearest.

uNeeddoing=needtobedone,表示被動

Theflowersneedwatering.

Need在否定時(shí)做情態(tài)動詞使用

Youneedn'tgosoearly.=Youdon'tneedtogosoearly.

MustIcleanthedeskrightnow?No,youneedn't.

十.不定代詞及不定副詞:

Someanynoevery

thingsomethinganythingnothingeverything

Ilooked

onesomeoneanyoneanythingeveryoneformybook

wheresomewhereanywhereanywhereeverywhereeverywhere,

bodysomebodyanybodynobodyeverybodybutIcan't

findit

anywhere.

Ifyouwantgosomewhere,ifyouwanttobesomeone,youmustwakeup.

Help!Somebody?Anybody?

Youarereallysomething.

Sinceeverybodyishere,lefsbeginourclass.

Wheredidyougo?Iwentnowhere.

Nobodyisathome.

Ihavenothingleft.

新概念英語第一冊語法總結(jié)(下)[句型和語法]

H^一.感嘆句:

What+名詞+主語+謂語

Whatabeautifulgirlsheis!

How+形容詞+主語+謂語

Howbeautifulthegirlis!

十二.祈使句:

第二人稱:

let+其他人稱代詞

祈使句的否定,加don,t

反意疑問

祈使句(第二人稱)

祈使句表示請求,命令,建議,邀請等,謂語動詞一律用原型,句子中通常不用

主語,句末用驚嘆好或者句號,用降調(diào)。

★肯定句動詞原型

例,Comehere,please.Godownstairs,please.Standup.Sitdown.Bequiet.Be

careful.

祈使句中如果有喚語,一定要用逗號隔開,放在句首或者句尾

Comein,Amy.

Sitdownhere,Tom.

Mary,givemeabookplease.

★否定:Dont+動詞原型

Don'tcomehere.

Don'tsitdown.

Don'tstandup.

Don'tgivemeit.

letsb.do

Letmepass.

Letushavearest.

Lefshavearest.

(反意疑問):

Lefshaveawalkalongtheriver,shallwe?

Letusgooutforadrink,willyou?

十三.倒裝句:so/neither的倒裝eg.

Hecanswim.SocanI.

Ididn'tgotoclass.NeitherdidI.

結(jié)構(gòu):

so/neither+be+主語

so/neither+助動詞+主語

so/neither+情態(tài)動詞+主語

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),do,does/am,is,are

現(xiàn)在

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