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新概念英語第一冊語法總結(jié)(上)[八種時(shí)態(tài)]
一.時(shí)態(tài):
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),一般過去時(shí),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),
一般將來時(shí),過去進(jìn)行時(shí),過去完成時(shí),過去將來時(shí)
1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):
表示一般性,經(jīng)常性的動作或一般性事實(shí)。
含有be動詞的句子
Heisateacher.
Thegirlisverybeautiful.
TimandJackarestudents.
★變疑問句將be動詞移到句首
Isheateacher?
Isthegirlverybeautiful?
AreTimandJackstudents?
★變否定句在be動詞后面加not
Heisnotateacher.
Thegirlisnotverybeautiful.
TimandJackarenotstudents.
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes,heis.No,heisnot.
Yes,sheis.No,sheisnot.
Yes,theyare.No,theyarenot.
不含有動詞的句子,即含有一般動詞的句子
第三人稱單數(shù)及單數(shù)名詞:
Helikesbooks.
Shelikeshim.
Thedoglikesbones.
★變疑問句在句首加does,動詞變?yōu)樵?/p>
Doeshelikebooks?
Doesshelikehim?
Doesthedoglikebones?
★變否定句在主語及動詞之間加doesn't,動詞變?yōu)樵?/p>
Hedoesn'tlikebooks.
Shedoesn'tlikehim.
Thedogdoesn'tlikebones.
★肯定回答及否定回答:
Yes,hedoes.No,hedoesn't.
Yes,shedoes.No,shedoesn't
Yes,itdoes.No,itdoesn't.
注意:第三人稱單數(shù)形式一般在動詞后面加S,不要和名詞復(fù)數(shù)混淆,變否定句
或疑問句時(shí)名詞復(fù)數(shù)沒有任何變化。
其他人稱及復(fù)數(shù)名詞
Iwanttohaveabath.
Wehavesomemeat.
Thestudentslikesmartteachers.
★變疑問句在句首加do
Doyouwanttohaveabath?
Dowehaveanymeat?
Dothestudentslikesmartteachers?
★變否定句在主語和動詞之間加don5t.
Youdon'twanttohaveabath.
Wedon'thaveanymeat.
Thestudentsdon'tlikesmartteachers.
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes,Ido,No,Idon't.
Yes,wedo,No,wedon't
Yes,theydo.No,theydon,t.
2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動作。
構(gòu)成:主語+be動詞+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其它成分(現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成見附錄)
Wearehavinglunch.
Heisreadingabook.
Thedogisrunningafteracat.
Theboysareswimmingacrosstheriver.
★變疑問句將be動詞移到句首
Arewehavinglunch?
Ishereadingabook?
Isthedogrunningafteracat?
Aretheboysswimmingacrosstheriver?
★變否定句在be動詞后面加not
Wearenothavinglunch.
Heisnotreadingabook.
Thedogisnotrunningafteracat.
Theboysareswimmingacrosstheriver.
★特殊疑問句:what,which,how,where,who,etc.
疑問詞+動詞+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞
Whatareyoudoing?
Whatisshedoing?
Whatisthedogdoing?
(必背)
沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)的動詞
表示狀態(tài),思想,感情和感覺的動詞不能表示正在進(jìn)行的動作
1.表示感覺,感官的詞
see,hear,like,love,want,
2.have,has當(dāng)”擁有”講時(shí)沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)
3.一般過去時(shí)
表示過去發(fā)生的動作或事件,常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用,如yesterday,last
night,thedaybeforeyesterday,3daysago,
含有be動詞的句子,將動詞變?yōu)檫^去式,am,is的過去式為was,are的過去式
為were
Iwasatthebutcher's.
Youwereastudentayearago.
Theteacherwasverybeautifultenyearsago.
★變疑問句將be動詞移動到句首
Wereyouatthebutcher's?
Wereyouastudentayearago?
Wastheteacherverybeautifultenyearsago?
★變否定句在be動詞后面加not
Iwasnotatthebutcher's.
Youwerenotastudentayearago.
Theteacherwasnotverybeautifultenyearsago.
★肯定回答否定回答
Yes,Iwas.No,Iwasnot.
Yes,youwere.No,youwerenot.
Yes,he/shewas.No,he/shewasnot.
★特殊疑問句:
Whatdidyoudo?
(必背)
不含有be動詞的句子,將動詞變?yōu)檫^去式,動詞過去式構(gòu)成見附錄
Ifinishedmyhomeworkyesterday.
Theboywenttoarestaurant.
TheSawyerslivedatKingStreetayearago.
KingStreetayearago.
★變疑問句在句首加did,動詞變?yōu)樵?/p>
Didyoufinishyourhomeworkyesterday?
Didtheboygotoarestaurant?
DidtheSawyersliveatKingStreetayearago?
KingStreetayearago?
★變否定句在主語和動詞之間加didnot
Ididnotfinishmyhomeworkyesterday.
Theboydidnotgotoarestaurant.
TheSawyersdidnotliveatKingStreetayearago.
KingStreetayearago.
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes,Idid.No,Ididn't.
Yes,hedid.No,hedidn't.
Yes,theydid.No,theydidnot.
4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
構(gòu)成:主語+助動詞have,has+過去分詞
用法:
1)表示過去發(fā)生的和現(xiàn)在有某種聯(lián)系的動作,常和just,usually,already,since
等時(shí)間副詞連用
Ihavejusthadlunch.(飽了,不用再吃了)
Hehashadacupoftea.(不渴了,不用再喝)
Theyhavealreadyhadtheirholiday.(不能再度假了)
Theboyhasalreadyreadthebook.(已經(jīng)知道書的內(nèi)容了,不用再看了)
2)詢問別人是否做過某事一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):
Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?
HaveyoubeentoBeijing?
Haveheseenthefilm?
3)表示開始于過去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作
IhavelivedinBeijingfortwentyyears.
Ihaveworkedforthisschoolfor1year.
4)表示一種經(jīng)歷,經(jīng)驗(yàn):去過…地方,做過…事情,經(jīng)歷過…事情
Ihaveneverhadabath.
Ihaveneverseenafilm.
Ihaveneverbeentocinema.
IhaveeverbeentoParis.
Havebeento表示去過,havegoneto表示去T
IhavebeentoLondon.(人已經(jīng)回來)
HehasgonetoLondon.(人還在那里)
5)表示一種結(jié)果,一般不和時(shí)間副詞聯(lián)用
Ihavelostmypen.
Ihavehurtmyself.
Hehasbecomeateacher.
Shehasbrokenmyheart.
句型變化:
★變疑問句將助動詞移到句首,變否定句在助動詞后面加not.
e.g.Haveyoulostyourpen?Ihavenotlostmypen.
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes,Ihave.No,Ihavenot.
★特殊疑問句:
Whathaveyoudone?
Whathashedone?
一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別:
凡是有明確的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語的句子為過去時(shí)
注意:有些動詞表示的動作有一個終點(diǎn),不能再延續(xù),因此不能和表示一段時(shí)間
狀語連用
錯:I'veleftBeijingfor3days.
對:IleftBeijing3daysago.Ihavebeenawayfrombeingfor3days.
5.一般將來時(shí)
表示將來將要發(fā)生的動作,經(jīng)常和tomorrow,nextyear,thedayaftertomorrow,the
yearafterthenext,infivehours5time,etc.表示將來的詞聯(lián)用
結(jié)構(gòu):主語+助動詞will+動詞原形
IwillgotoAmericatomorrow.
ThepilotwillflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext.
Jackwillmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning.
★變疑問句將助動詞移到句首
WillyougotoAmericatomorrow?
WillthepilotflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext?
WillJackmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning?
★變否定句在助動詞后面加not
IwillnotgotoAmericatomorrow.
ThepilotwillnotflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext.
Jackwillnotmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes,Iwill.No,Iwillnot.
Yes,he/shewill.No,he/shewillnot.
Yes,hewill.No,hewillnot.
★特殊疑問句:
Whatwillyoudo?
6.過去完成時(shí):
用法:在過去的時(shí)間里,兩個動作中,發(fā)生在前的哪個動作要用過去完成時(shí)。
結(jié)構(gòu):had+過去分詞
Aftershehadfinishedherhomework,shewentshopping.
TheyhadsoldthecarbeforeIaskedtheprice.
ThetrainhadleftbeforeIarrivedatthestation.
After/before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句放在句首要在句子后面加逗號,如果放在主句后
則不用加。
★變疑問句將助動詞移到句首
Hadshefinishedherhomework?
★變否定句在助動詞后面加not
Shehadn'tfinishedherhomework.
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes,shehad.No,shehadn't.
★特殊疑問句:
Whathadshedone?
7.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
表示過去正在進(jìn)行的動作,經(jīng)常用在when,while,as引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中。
結(jié)構(gòu):was/were+doing
Whenmyhusbandwasgoingintothediningroomthismorning,hedroppedsome
coinsonthefloor.
Whilewewerehavingdinner,myfatherwaswatchingTV.
8.過去將來時(shí)
結(jié)構(gòu):woulddo
Shesaidshewouldgoherethenextmorning.
新概念英語第一冊語法總結(jié)(中)[句型和詞]
二.特殊句型:therebe句型,begoingto結(jié)構(gòu)
1.Begoingto結(jié)構(gòu)
表示打算,準(zhǔn)備,計(jì)劃做某事
★結(jié)構(gòu):主語+be動詞+goingto+動詞原型
Iamgoingtomakeabookcase.
Theyaregoingtopaintit.
Thefatherisgoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter.
★變疑問句將be動詞移到句首
Areyougoingtomakeabookcase?
Aretheygoingtopaintit?
Isthefathergoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter?
★變否定句在be動詞后面加not
Iamnotgoingtomakeabookcase.
Theyaregoingtopaintit.
Thefatherisnotgoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter.
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes,Iam.No,Iamnot.
Yes,theyare.No,theyarenot.
Yes,heis.No,heisnot.
★特殊疑問句
Whatareyougoingtodo?
Whataretheygoingtodo?
Whatisthefathergoingtodo?
(必背)
2.Therebe句型
表示哪里有什么東西(某處有某物)
Thereis+單數(shù)名詞+表示場所的詞(一般為介詞詞組)
Thereisabookinthisroom.
Thereisapenonthetable
Thereare+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+表示場所的詞(一般為介詞詞組)
Therearetwopensonthetable.
Therearethreeschoolsthere.
★變疑問句將be動詞移到句首
Isthereabookinthisroom?
Aretheretwopensonthetable?
★變否定句在動詞后面加not
Thereisnotabookinthisroom.
Therearenottwopensonthetable.
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes,thereis.No,thereisnot.
Yes,thereare.No,therearenot.
三.問句:
一般疑問句,特殊疑問句,選擇疑問句,反意疑問句,選擇疑問句,否定疑問句
2一般疑問句:助動詞/be動詞+主語
Areyouateacher?Doyouwanttohaveacupoftea?
2特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句
Whatisyourname?
2選擇疑問句:or
Doyouwantbeeforlamb?
2反意疑問句:肯定陳述句+否定疑問部分,否定陳述部分+肯定疑問部分
Youdon'tneedthatpen,doyou?
2否定疑問句:一般疑問句+否定詞
Aren'tyoulucky?Don'tyouwanthavearest?
四.冠詞用法:a/an/the的一般用法(詳細(xì)見筆記)
五.限定詞:some,any,many,much
2some,any修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,some用于肯定句,any用于否定句和疑
問句,注意,當(dāng)期待對方的答案為肯定回答時(shí)用some
2many修飾可數(shù)名詞,much修飾不可數(shù)名詞,在口語中表示很多一般不用many,
much,而用alotof,在否定句中表示很多用many,much.
Ihavealotofmoney.Idon'thavemuchmoney.
六.名詞:種類,復(fù)數(shù),名詞所有格
1.名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞
2不可數(shù)名詞
無法分開的東西:water,tea,bread,milk,rice(米)
抽象的東西:love,beauty,coldness(寒冷)
不可數(shù)名詞有以下特點(diǎn):
1.不能用a,an修飾
2.不能加s
3.和單數(shù)be動詞或動詞搭配
2可數(shù)名詞:
單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞要用冠詞修飾,復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞要在名詞后面加S,名詞復(fù)數(shù)共有以下
幾種變化:
規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式
規(guī)則1一般情況+S
e.g.shell—>shellsbook—?books
規(guī)則2以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾+es
e.g.fdx—foxeschurch—churches,bus—?buses,
watch—?watches
規(guī)則3以o結(jié)尾+s或+es
e.g.potato一potatoes,Negro—Negroes,hero—>heroes,
tomato-tomatoes,(口訣:黑人英雄愛吃土豆和西紅柿),
剩下一般加s,radio-radios
規(guī)則4以f,fe結(jié)尾的,變f,fe為ves
e.g.life—liveshalf一halves,shelf—shelves,city—cities,
wifb—wives
規(guī)則5以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾,變y為i+es
e.g.sky—skiesfly—flies
不規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式
單數(shù)manwomanfootgoosetooth
復(fù)數(shù)menwomenfeetgeeseteeth
單數(shù)childsheepdeermousefish
復(fù)數(shù)childrensheepdeermicefish
七.介詞(注意總結(jié)書上詞組)
八.副詞:用法及形容詞變副詞的變化
U副詞可以修飾形容詞,動詞,副詞或整個句子。如:
Thebookisverygood.
Herunsfast.
Shecameherequiteearly.
CertainlyIwillgowithyou.
u變化:
1.直接在形容詞后加-ly,
careful-carefully,slow-slowly,
2.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的形容詞,把y變L力口」y,
happy-happily,lucky-luckily
3.有些詞形容詞和副詞的形式相同,不需要做任何變化
fast,hard,late
4.有些詞加上-ly后意思與原詞相差很遠(yuǎn):
neary-nearly,high-highly,late-lately,
九.情態(tài)動詞的使用:can,must,may,might,need,
1.情態(tài)動詞can(能夠),must(必須),may(可以)
結(jié)構(gòu):主語+can/must/may+動詞原型
Hecanmakethetea.
Sallycanairtheroom.
WecanspeakEnglish.
★變疑問句將情態(tài)動詞移到句首
Canhemakethetea?
CanSallyairtheroom?
CanwespeakEnglish?
★變否定句在情態(tài)動詞后面加not
Hecannotmakethetea.
Sallycannotairtheroom.
WecannotspeakEnglish.
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes,hecan.No,hecannot.
Yes,shecan.No,shecannot.
Yes,wecan.No,wecannot.
★特殊疑問句:
Whatcanyoudo?
(必背)
注意:情態(tài)動詞的句子沒有第三人稱單數(shù)的變化,不要在情態(tài)動詞或動詞后面加
So
2.Must/haveto的區(qū)別
must表示必須,是主觀上覺得應(yīng)該做,haveto是不得不,是由于客觀條件逼迫
的必要要做
must只能用在表示現(xiàn)在和將來的句子里,而havetodo可以用在任何時(shí)態(tài)
3.must,may,might表示猜測:
mustdo表示對現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的猜測
musthavedone表示對過去事實(shí)的猜測
musthavebeendoing表示對過去正在進(jìn)行的事實(shí)的猜測
may/mightdo,may/mighthavedone表示沒有任何事實(shí)依據(jù)的猜測,might的可能
性更小。
can,t/couldn,t表示不可能
4.need用法:
表示“需要”時(shí)為實(shí)意動詞,后面可以加名詞,也可以加不定式:
Ineedapen.Doyouneedanybeer?No,Idon't.
Ineedtohavearest.
uNeeddoing=needtobedone,表示被動
Theflowersneedwatering.
Need在否定時(shí)做情態(tài)動詞使用
Youneedn'tgosoearly.=Youdon'tneedtogosoearly.
MustIcleanthedeskrightnow?No,youneedn't.
十.不定代詞及不定副詞:
Someanynoevery
thingsomethinganythingnothingeverything
Ilooked
onesomeoneanyoneanythingeveryoneformybook
wheresomewhereanywhereanywhereeverywhereeverywhere,
bodysomebodyanybodynobodyeverybodybutIcan't
findit
anywhere.
Ifyouwantgosomewhere,ifyouwanttobesomeone,youmustwakeup.
Help!Somebody?Anybody?
Youarereallysomething.
Sinceeverybodyishere,lefsbeginourclass.
Wheredidyougo?Iwentnowhere.
Nobodyisathome.
Ihavenothingleft.
新概念英語第一冊語法總結(jié)(下)[句型和語法]
H^一.感嘆句:
What+名詞+主語+謂語
Whatabeautifulgirlsheis!
How+形容詞+主語+謂語
Howbeautifulthegirlis!
十二.祈使句:
第二人稱:
let+其他人稱代詞
祈使句的否定,加don,t
反意疑問
祈使句(第二人稱)
祈使句表示請求,命令,建議,邀請等,謂語動詞一律用原型,句子中通常不用
主語,句末用驚嘆好或者句號,用降調(diào)。
★肯定句動詞原型
例,Comehere,please.Godownstairs,please.Standup.Sitdown.Bequiet.Be
careful.
祈使句中如果有喚語,一定要用逗號隔開,放在句首或者句尾
Comein,Amy.
Sitdownhere,Tom.
Mary,givemeabookplease.
★否定:Dont+動詞原型
Don'tcomehere.
Don'tsitdown.
Don'tstandup.
Don'tgivemeit.
letsb.do
Letmepass.
Letushavearest.
Lefshavearest.
(反意疑問):
Lefshaveawalkalongtheriver,shallwe?
Letusgooutforadrink,willyou?
十三.倒裝句:so/neither的倒裝eg.
Hecanswim.SocanI.
Ididn'tgotoclass.NeitherdidI.
結(jié)構(gòu):
so/neither+be+主語
so/neither+助動詞+主語
so/neither+情態(tài)動詞+主語
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),do,does/am,is,are
現(xiàn)在
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