Unit+8+Green+Living+語法知識點課件 高中英語北師大版（2019）必修第三冊

Unit8GreenLivingSectionⅣ

GrammarVerb-ingand-edForms動詞-ing和-ed形式Verb-ingForm動詞-ing形式Verb-ingformactsasanadjectiveoranadverbinasentence.Wecanuseverb-ingformsasattributive，adverbial，objectcomplementorpredicativeofsentences.a

Thecryingchildhadacutonhisknee.(adjective；attributive)b

Travellingonfoot，wesawmanybeautifulplaces.(adverb；adverbial)動詞-ing形式在句中起形容詞或副詞的作用，可用作定語、狀語、賓語補(bǔ)足語或表語。例如：cAsIwalkedpasttheroom，lheardtwopeoplearguing.(adjective；objectcomplement)dThefootballgamewasexciting.(adjective；predicative)Wesometimesuseverb-ingformsinsteadofrelativeandadverbialclauses.Wecanalsouseverb-ingformsinsteadoftwomainclausesjoinedbyandorbut.有時，動詞-ing形式可以代替定語或狀語從句，也可以代替由and或but連接的兩個并列句。?

Arrivingattheschool，thechildrenfounditwasclosed.(Whentheyarrivedattheschool，thechildren...)?Haveyoumetthebossmanagingthecompany?(...thebosswhomanages....)?Thecardrovethroughthecity，headingforthemountainarea.(...andheadedfor...)Thesubjectofverb-ingformmustalsobethesubjectofthemainverb.動詞-ing形式作狀語時，其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語一致。例如：?

Carryingalargeandheavybox，shetrippedonastepandfell.Thefollowingsentenceisnotcorrect.下面這個句子是錯誤的。?

Carryingalargeandheavybox，

herfoottrippedonastepandfell.Verb-edForm動詞-ed形式Weuseverb-edformsasadjectivesoradverbsinsentences.Whenusedasadjectives，theycanserveasattributive，objectcomplement，adverbialorpredicative.動詞-ed形式在句中可作形容詞或副詞。作形容詞時可以作定語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、狀語或表語。例如：?Therecoveredanimalswillbereleasedsoon.(attributive)?Whenheenteredtheroom，hefoundthewindowbroken.(objectcomplement)?Builtin1760，thehouseisover200yearsold.(adverbial).?Thestreetislinedwithsmallshops.(predicative)語法感知指出下列句子中畫線部分所作的句子成分1.Ididn′tknowthegirlgivingaspeechonthestage.

2.ThegirllikesreadingthenovelswrittenbyMoYan.

后置定語后置定語3.Thetwowomensatonthebench，talkinghappily.

4.Attractedbythebigmonkey，thelittleboyrefusedtoleave.

5.Whileplayingfootball，hegothisleftleginjured.伴隨狀語原因狀語賓語補(bǔ)足語語法探究知識脈絡(luò)語法精講一、動詞-ing形式動詞-ing形式在句中起形容詞或副詞的作用,可以用作定語、狀語、賓語補(bǔ)足語或表語。1.作定語①前置定語Thecryingchildhadacutonhisknee.那個正在哭的孩子膝蓋上有一個傷口。②后置定語Therearemanyboysplayingfootballontheplayground.有很多男孩正在操場上踢足球。2.作狀語①方式或伴隨狀語Thechildrenwalkedoutoftheclassroom，talkinghappily.孩子們走出了教室，高興地交談著。②時間狀語Seeingthewoman，thelovelybabystoppedcrying.看到這個女人，這個可愛的嬰兒不哭了。③

原因狀語Notknowingheraddress，Icouldn′tsendherthepackage.

因為不知道她的地址，我無法給她送包裹。④條件狀語Workinghard，youwillachieveyourgoalsomeday.努力工作，你就會在將來的某一天實現(xiàn)你的目標(biāo)。⑤結(jié)果狀語Thestrongwindblewawaygoodsoil，leavingonlysand.大風(fēng)吹走了好土，只剩下沙子。3.作賓語補(bǔ)足語Eg.AsIwalkedpasttheroom，Iheardtwopeoplearguing.我路過房間時，聽到兩個人在爭吵。Thegirlisshyanditishardtogethertalking.這個女孩很害羞,讓她開口說話很難。4.作表語Eg.Thenewsisencouraging.

這則消息令人鼓舞。Youyoungpeoplearefascinating.

你們這些年輕人非?？蓯?。5.注意問題

①有時，動詞-ing形式可以代替定語或狀語從句，也可以代替由and或but連接的兩個并列句。Arrivingattheschool，thechildrenfounditwasclosed.＝Whentheyarrivedattheschool，thechildrenfounditwasclosed.Haveyoumetthebossmanagingthecompany?＝Haveyoumetthebosswhomanagesthecompany?Thecarranthroughthecity，headingforthemountainarea.＝Thecarranthroughthecityandheadedforthemountainarea.

②動詞-ing形式作狀語時，其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語一致。Carryingalargeandheavybox，shetrippedonastepandfell.(√)Carryingalargeandheavybox，herfoottrippedonastepandfell.(×)【即學(xué)即用】翻譯句子①她沖著正在爬樹的男孩大喊。②他在派對上說的話確實讓人驚訝。Sheisshoutingattheboyclimbingthetree.Whathesaidatthepartywasreallysurprising.③這兩個男孩站在那里，怒視著對方。④看到這些快樂的孩子，這個人對生活很是滿足。⑤導(dǎo)游站在那里，解釋那幅古畫。Thetwoboysstoodthere，staringateachother.Seeingthehappychildren，themanwascontentwithhislife.Theguidestoodthere，explainingtheoldpainting.二、動詞-ed形式

動詞-ed形式(過去分詞)在句中可作形容詞或副詞。作形容詞時可以作定語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、表語或狀語。1.作定語①

前置定語Whenhewalkedintotheyard，hesawthefallenleavesontheground.他走進(jìn)院子時,看到了滿地的落葉。Thevolunteerspayaregularvisittotheretiredteachers.這些志愿者定期去看望那些退休的老教師。②

后置定語Idon′tlikethenovelwrittenbythatyounggirl.＝Idon′tlikethenovelwhich/thatwaswrittenbythatyounggirl.我不喜歡那個年輕女孩寫的小說。Hedecidedtohaveatalkwiththeboymentionedinthearticle.＝Hedecidedtohaveatalkwiththeboythat/whowasmentionedinthearticle.他決定和文章中提到的男孩談一談。2.作賓語補(bǔ)足語Whenheenteredtheroom，hefoundthewindowbroken.他進(jìn)入房間時，發(fā)現(xiàn)窗戶破了。I′llhavemybikefixedwhileyouarecooking.你做飯時，我去讓人修自行車。3.作表語Iamconvincedofhishonesty.我深信他的誠實。Heisdeeplyreadintheclassics.

他精通古典文學(xué)。4.作狀語①原因狀語Hesoonfellasleep，exhaustedbythejourney.因為旅途過于勞累，他很快就睡著了。InfluencedbyGandi′sideasaboutpeacefulprotests，Kingorganisedabusprotestin1965.受到甘地和平抗議思想的影響，金在1965年組織了一次公共汽車抗議。②時間狀語Seenfromthehill，thetownlooksmorebeautiful.從山上看，這個鎮(zhèn)更美麗了。③條件狀語Givenmoretimeandattention，