初三英語下學(xué)期閱讀理解單元 易錯題難題測試基礎(chǔ)卷試題

初三英語下學(xué)期閱讀理解單元易錯題難題測試基礎(chǔ)卷試題

一、中考英語閱讀理解匯編

1.閱讀理解

Whatcanwelearnfromthespecial,verysuccessfulpeopleintheworldwhomakethe

impossiblepossible?

Lesson1:Waysofcreativethinkingareneeded

BillGatesandMarkZuckerbergbothdroppedoutofcollege.Theyprefertoteachthemselves

becausetheyliketodeveloptheirownwaysofthinking.Theythinkstandardwaysofteaching

mightstoppeoplefrombeingcreativeandhavingnewideas.

Lesson2:Theanswermightnotbewhatyouexpect

Findyouranswersfromfacts-notstartwithanexpectationofwhatyouwillfind.Stephen

JacobsenfromNorthwesternUniversitybelievedwhathewastaught:thatwaterontheEarth

camefromicycomets(封星)orpgnetswhichhitintotheEarth.

However,bystudyingaspecialrock,hediscoveredthatitactslikeasponge.Thissuggeststhat

theEarth'swatermayhavecomefrominside,driventothesurfacetoformtheoceans,by

geologicalactivities.

"Ihadaprettyhardtimemakingothersbelieveit/'hesaid,"Butthinkaboutthefactthatyou

maybethefirstpersontoseesomethingforthefirsttimethatdoesn'thappenveryoften.When

itdoes,it'samazing."

Lesson3:AlittleluckgoesaIon。way

Yearsofplanningwentintoarecentachievementinspacetravel.TheEuropeanSpaceAgency's

"Philae"zarobotlandingcraft,metupwithComet67?whichis480millionkilometresaway.The

tripfromtheEarthby"Philae"hadtakentenyears!

Thescientistshadnoideawhatthesurfaceofthecometwouldbelike.Ifthelandingfailed,it

wouldbeimpossibletogetinformationfromthespacecraft.Twentyyearsofworkwouldhave

beenwasted.

When"Philae"triedtoland,itbounced(彈起)awayfromthecomet'sicysurfacetwice.

Luckily,however;"Philae"landedsuccessfullyandbegansendinginformationbacktotheEarth.

(1)BillGatesandMarkZuckerbergdidn'tfinishcollegebecause.

A.theypreferredtolearnbythemselves

B.theyneededstandardwaysofteaching

C.theirteachersdidn'tliketheirnewideas

D.theirteachersweren'tabletoteachthem

(2)InLesson2,thewritermainlywantstotellusthat.

A.weshouldgetanswersfromfacts

B.wecanbelievewhatwearetaught

C.it'shardtomakeothersbelievesomething

D.anexpectationcanhelpgetananswerinresearch

(3)TheexampleHPhilae"inLesson3showsthat.

A.Comet67PisnotfarawayfromtheEarth

B.ittook"Philae"20yearstoreachComet67P

C."Philae"landedonComet67Pwithalittleluck

D.scientistsknewnothingaboutthesurfaceofComet67P

(4)Thebesttitleforthispassageis"

A.Waysofdiscovering

B.Lessonsforsuccess

C.Waysofbeingspecial

D.Lessonsforexperiments

【答案】(1)A

(2)A

(3)C

(4)B

【解析】【分析】文章大意：我們能從世界上那些使不可能的事情成為可能的特別的、非

常成功的人身上學(xué)到什么呢？第一要有需要創(chuàng)造性思維的方式；第二從事實中找出你的答

案，而不是從對你將要找到的東西的期望開始。第三要有一點點運氣，從事實中找出你的

答案，而不是從對你將要找到的東西的期望開始。

(1)細節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)BillGatesandMarkZuckerbergbothdroppedoutofcollege.They

prefertoteachthemselves可知，比爾蓋茨和馬克扎克伯格喜歡自學(xué)，所以退學(xué)，故答案是

A。

(2)主旨大意題，根據(jù)Findyouranswersfromfacts-notstartwithanexpectationofwhat

youwillfind.可知，第二課主要說的是要從事實中找答案，故答案是A。

(3)邏輯推理題，根據(jù)第三顆主要說的是要有點運氣，但是彗星67P上環(huán)境如何無人知

道，成功與否無人知道，這就需要一點運氣了，故答案是C。

(4)標題判斷題，根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，這三課都是從成功那里學(xué)到的，也是為了成功，

故答案是Bo

【點評】考查閱讀理解。本文涉及細節(jié)理解題、邏輯推理題、標題判斷題和主旨大意題。

細節(jié)理解題要可以直接從文中尋找答案；文章出處題需要根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容確定其來源；邏輯

推理題需要聯(lián)系上下文，推斷出需要的信息；標題判斷題需要在充分理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上，

總結(jié)中心思想，凝練句式，最終確定答案；主旨題需要通讀全文，了解大意之后找出中心

思想。

2.閱讀理解

Whenhewasnineyearsold,anAmericanboycalledMiloCresshadaquestion:Howmany

plasticstraws（吸管）doAmericansuseeveryday?

Hequicklylearnedtherewasn'tasimpleanswer.Theboytriedtofinditouthimself.Through

lotsofresearch,CressfoundoutthatAmericansuseabout500millionstrawseveryday.Inhopes

ofcuttingdownplasticwaste,hefoundedtheBeStrawFreeprojectin2011.

CressstartedtheprojectinhishometownBurlington.Vermont.Heaskedalocalrestaurantto

stopofferingstrawswitheverydrinkorder.Itwasasimplechange.However;itwouldsavemoney.

Andbydoingthat,therestaurantwouldcutdownonitsstrawuseby50percent.

Fortheyearthatfollowed,CresstriedtospreadhisprojectacrosstheUnitedStates.Moreand

morerestaurantsagreedtojoin.Theystopprovidingthecustomerwithastrawunlessheorshe

asksforone.LastApril,SeattlebecamethefirstAmericancitytocompletelybanplasticstraws.

Afterhisprojectbecamepopular,Cresstookhisfindingsontheroad.Hehasspokentotensof

thousandsofstudentsaroundtheworld.Hewantstoencouragemorepeopletosaynotoplastic

straws.

"Focusingonstrawsisonesimplestepweallcouldtake,"Cresssays."Anditmakesmefeel

thatI,asakid,couldmakeadifference,too."

(1)CressfoundoutthatAmericansuse__strawseveryday.

A.about50millionB.about500millionC.about10million

(2)CressfoundedtheBeStrawFreeprojectinorderto__.

A.savemoneyB.becomepopularC.cutdownplasticwaste

(3)WhichAmericancityfirstcompletelybannedplasticstraws?

A.Burlington.B.NewYork.C.Seattle.

(4)Whatdoesthesentence"Cresstookhisfindingsontheroad”mean?

A.Cresstookawalkontheroad.

B.Cressspreadhisprojectaroundtheworld.

C.Cresswasdoinghisresearchallthetime.

(5)Accordingtothelastparagraph,Cressthinks___.

A.hecouldbefamous

B.hehasmademuchmoneythroughhisproject

C.hecouldalsodosomethingmeaningfulalthoughheisachild

【答案】(1)B

(2)C

(3)C

(4)B

(5)C

【解析】【分析】主要講了九歲的美國男孩MiloCress調(diào)查每天美國人使用多少塑料吸

管，并且為了減少塑料浪費，他開始了一個項目。

(1)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)CressfoundoutthatAmericansuseabout500millionstrawsevery

day可知克雷斯波發(fā)現(xiàn)美國人每天使用大約5億根吸管，故選Bo

(2)細節(jié)理解題。Inhopesofcuttingdownplasticwaste,hefoundedtheBeStrawFree

projectin2011為了減少塑料垃圾，他在2011年創(chuàng)建了無稻草項目，可知為了減少塑料垃

圾，故選C。

(3)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)LastApril,SeattlebecamethefirstAmericancitytocompletelyban

plasticstraws去年四月，西雅圖成為第一個完全禁止塑料吸管的美國城市，可知西雅圖成

為第一個完全禁止塑料吸管的美國城市，故選C。

（4）細節(jié)理解題。Hehasspokentotensofthousandsofstudentsaroundtheworld.He

wantstoencouragemorepeopletosaynotoplasticstraws他已經(jīng)和世界各地成千上萬的學(xué)生

交談過，他想鼓勵更多的人對塑料吸管說不，可知此處是指克雷斯波把他的項目傳遍了全

世界，故選B。

（5）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Focusingonstrawsisonesimplestepweallcouldtake,"Cresssays.

"AnditmakesmefeelthatI,asakid,couldmakeadifference,too.關(guān)注吸管是我們都可以

采取的一個簡單的步驟，“克雷斯安說.“這讓我覺得，作為一個孩子，我也可以有所作為，

可知他認為作為一個孩子，也可以有所作為，故選C。

【點評】考查閱讀理解，主要考查細節(jié)題，注意從文中仔細尋找答案。

3.閱讀理解

MissMitradidn'twanttobeaSundayschoolteacheranylonger.Thestudentstherewereall

rudeandneverlistenedtoher,"Igiveup,"Sheshoutedatthestudents,"Cool."Ricksaid.Hewas

themostimpolitekidinthisschool.Twomonthslater,MissBettyRaycametotheschool.She

lookedyoung.Thestudentsthoughtthatshewouldn'tstayverylong.

"Haveanyofyoueverbeenoutofstate?"Sheaskedinafriendlytone.Afewhandswentup.

"AnyonehastraveledtoCalifornia?"Onehandwentupasthedisrespectful（無禮的）laugh

reduced.

"Anyonevisitedoutsidethecountry?"Nohandswentupnow.Thesilentkidswerepuzzled.

Bettytookamapoftheworldfromherbag.

"Whatelsedoyouhavethere?Lunch?"Someonecracked.

Bettysmiledlightlyandanswered,"Cookiesforlater.""Cool,"Rickquipped（困惑的）.

Thenshepointedataplaceonthemap,"Iwasbornhere,andIlivedhereuntilIwasabout

yourage."

"IsthatTexas?"Someoneasked.

"No.Quitealongwayfromhere.ItisMumbaiinIndia."

Bettyfumbledagaininherbag,thistimepullingoutsomeoldwrinkledpicturesalongwitha

boxofchocolatechipcookies.Theypassedthepicturesaround,viewingeachwithgreatinterest.

Thekidsstudiedthemastheybitintothesweets.

Thehourquicklyslidbyasshetoldthemherstoriesaboutfarawayplacesandwhatthepeople

werelikethereandhowtheylived.

"Wow,thisisasexcitingasTV!"Oneyounggirltoldher.

SundayafterSunday,Bettycametoclass,tyingherlessonstotheireverydaylives.Shetoldthe

kidshowtheycouldmakeadifferencerightnow.Thestudentsgrewtoloveher.

BettytaughtthatSundayschoolclassforthirtyyears.Atlast,herhairgrewintoanaturalgray.

Everynowandthen,shereceivedaletterfromaformerstudent.Therewasadoctor,a

researchscientist,ahomemaker,abusinessman,andmanyteachersamongthem.Onedayshe

pulledoutablueenvelopefromhermailbox.Andtherewasaphotoinit.Squintinghereyes,she

smiledatthemaninthephoto,stillseeingtheboyinhim.Standingintherubble（瓦礫），in

thecityofDelhi,India,hecametohelpthehomelesspeopleintheearthquake.Somewords

werewrittenintheupperpartofthephoto,"Becauseofyou,Iamherenow."

(1)ItcanbeseenfromthepassagethatMissBettyRaywasbornin.

A.CaliforniaB.TexasC.DelhiD.Mumbai

(2)WhydidMissBettyRayasksomequestionsandshowthemapofIndiainherfirstclass?

A.Togetmorelettersfromherstudents.

B.Toreducestudents'disrespectfullaugh.

C.Tomadestudentsinterestedinherlessons.

D.Totakestudentstotravelaroundthesecities.

(3)Whenshesawthemanstandingintherubbleinthephoto,MissBettyRay.

A.thoughtitwasasexcitingasTVB.recalledwhathewaslikeinherclass

C.tookoutmorephotosfromherstudentsD.wenttohelpthehomelesspeoplewithhim

(4)Whatinfluences(影響)didMissBettyRayhaveonherstudents?(至少三個方面)

【答案】(1)D

(2)C

(3)B

(4)MissBettyhaschangedtheimpoliteandrudestudentsintothewell-educatedand

helpfulones.ShehassuccessfullymadestudentsinterestedintheSundayschoolclass.Also,

thankstoherefforts,moststudentsgotnicejobsfinally.Theylearnedtohelpothersandmakea

differencetotheworld.

【解析】【分析】主要講了Betty怎樣在周日輔導(dǎo)課教育一群無禮的學(xué)生的。

(1)細節(jié)題。根據(jù)No.Quitealongwayfromhere.ItisMumbaiinIndia.可知Betty來自E|1度

Mumbai,故選Do

(2)細節(jié)題。根據(jù)SundayafterSunday,Bettycametoclass,tyingherlessonstotheir

everydaylives.Shetoldthekidshowtheycouldmakeadifferencerightnow.Thestudentsgrew

toloveher,可知Betty這樣這樣做的目的是讓學(xué)生對她的課感興趣，開始喜歡她的課，故選

Co

(3)名田節(jié)題。根據(jù)Andtherewasaphotoinit.Squintinghereyes,shesmiledatthemanin

thephoto,stillseeingtheboyinhim,可知Betty看到這個照片時想起了學(xué)生在她班上的樣

子，故選Bo

(4)細節(jié)題。根據(jù)全文可知Betty老師改變了無禮粗魯?shù)膶W(xué)生，把他們教育成有用的人，

Betty老師樂于助人，對他人有影響,故填MissBettyhaschangedtheimpoliteandrude

studentsintothewell-educatedandhelpfulones.Shehassuccessfullymadestudentsinterested

intheSundayschoolclass.Also,thankstoherefforts,moststudentsgotnicejobsfinally.They

learnedtohelpothersandmakeadifferencetotheworld.0

【點評】考查閱讀理解，主要考查細節(jié)題。注意從文中仔細尋找答案。

4.閱讀理解

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(1)Whatkindofthelettermaythepassagebe?

A.Anadmissionletter.B.Anapologyletter.C.Abusinessletter.D.Athankyouletter.

(2)HowmuchshouldZhangWeipayinalltoentertheuniversity?

A.HK$55,935.B.HK$55,810.C.HK$55,685.D,HK$55,560.

(3)IfyouwereZhangWei,howwouldyoufeelatthisletter?

A.Annoyed.B.Excited.C.Upset.D.Anxious.

【答案】(1)A

(2)D

(3)B

【解析】【分析】句意：這是張偉的一張香港中文大學(xué)的錄取通知書，其中涉及到專業(yè),

學(xué)習(xí)方式，學(xué)位以及費用。

(1)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中的語句TheChineseUniversityofHongkongAdmission

Notification提示可知，這是一張錄取通知書，故選A。

(2)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中的語句HK$55,560.(fornativestudents)以及ZhangWei

(Yuyao,Ningbo)提示可知,張偉的學(xué)費是HK$55,560,故選D。

(3)理解歸納題。這是一張香港中文大學(xué)的錄取通知書，張偉收到以后，一定非常的激

動，故選B,

【點評】考查閱讀理解。本文主要考查細節(jié)理解題，首先仔細閱讀文后的問題，弄清問題

的大意；然后帶著問題閱讀短文，抓住關(guān)鍵信息，選擇正確答案。

5.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。

Eveninearlytime,peoplecouldrealizetheimportanceofdreamsandknewthatdreamsgave

meaningtolife.Everygreatachievementhasbeentheresultofyearsofdreaming.Ifapersonhas

adreamandholdsfattoit,heorshewillfindawaytobringitintoreality(現(xiàn)實).

Childrendonothavemuchexperienceorknowledge.However;theyarenaturaldreamers.We

shouldnotlaughatthemforbeingnaive.Manygreatmenweredreamerswhentheywere

children.OnesuchdreamerwasThomasEdisonHeusedtobeostracized(排斥)whenhewas

inprimaryschool,buthisachievementsweregreaterthaneveryoneelse'sinhistime.

Teenagersandyoungpeopleshouldalsobeencouragedtodream.Theworldisfullof

successfulteenagersandyoungpeople.Theydreamtbigandtheirdreamschangedtheirlives

andeventheworld.SteveJobsandBillGatesarethegoodexamples.Theyhavedeveloped

technologyandbroughtgreatprogresstohumanbesidesmakingmoneyforthemselvesOlder

peopleshouldbelievethatitisnevertoolatetodreamandthathumanmindisnevertoooldto

makedreamsturnintoreality.ColonelSaundersrealizedhisdreamsattheageof67andsetup

thebiggestfriedchickencompany(KFC)intheworld.Todreamisawonderfulabilitywhich

canleadtowonderfulresults.Olympicrecordswerebrokenbyplayerswhowerebraveenoughto

dream.Nooneistooyoungortoooldtodreamandtomakedreamscometrue.

(1)Peoplewhocouldprobablyrealizetheirdreams,

A.findawaytodreamB.dreamandholdfasttothem

C.getthemeaningoflifeD.haveverygoodschoolresults

(2)Youngpeopleshouldbeencouragedtodreambecause.

A.theirdreamsarenaturalB.theyaregreaterthaneveryoneelse

C.theyhavemuchknowledgeD.theirdreamsmightchangetheworld

(3)WhatdoestheexampleofColonelSaundersshowus?

A.Settingupabigcompanyisawonderfulability.

B.Developingtechnologycanbringgreatprogress.

C.Evenolderpeoplecanmaketheirdreamscometrue.

D.Peopleshouldbebraveenoughtodreamwhentheyareyoung.

(4)Theunderlinedword"naive"inthepassagemeans"inChinese.

A.逆反的B.幼稚的C.調(diào)皮的D.沖動的

(5)Thebesttitleforthepassageis.

A.FromDreamtoRealityB.GoodExamplesofDreams

C.AchievementsinHistoryD.AlistofSuccessfulDreamers

【答案】(1)B

(2)D

(3)C

(4)B

(5)A

【解析】【分析】主要講了如果一個人有一個夢想，并堅持下去，他或她會找到一種方法

來實現(xiàn)它。

(1)鄉(xiāng)用節(jié)題。根據(jù)Ifapersonhasadreamandholdsfattoit,heorshewillfindawaytobring

itintoreality(現(xiàn)實).可知如果一個人有一個夢想，并堅持下去，他或她會找到一種方法來

實現(xiàn)它，故選B。

(2)2田節(jié)題。根據(jù)Theydreamtbigandtheirdreamschangedtheirlivesandeventheworld.

可知們夢想遠大，夢想改變了他們的生活，甚至改變了世界。故選D。

(3)細節(jié)題。根據(jù)前句Olderpeopleshouldbelievethatitisnevertoolatetodreamandthat

humanmindisnevertoooldtomakedreamsturnintoreality.可知老年人應(yīng)該相信,做夢永遠

不嫌晚，人的心智永遠不嫌老，不會讓夢想變成現(xiàn)實。故選C。

(4)推斷題。根據(jù)前句Childrendonothavemuchexperienceorknowledge.However,they

arenaturaldreamers.可知孩子們沒有多少經(jīng)驗和知識，然而，他們是天生的夢想家。所以

我們不應(yīng)該嘲笑他們的幼稚，故選B。

(5)主旨題。根據(jù)全文可知主要講了如果一個人有一個夢想，并堅持下去，他或她會找

到一種方法來實現(xiàn)它。即從夢想到現(xiàn)實，故選A。

【點評】考查閱讀理解。本文涉及細節(jié)題、推斷題和主旨題三種?？碱}型，細節(jié)題要注意

從文中尋找答案；推斷題需要聯(lián)系上下文，推斷出需要的信息；主旨題需要通讀全文，了

解大意之后找出中心思想。

6.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容判斷正誤。

Ifsomeonesaystoyou:"givemefive",donotsearchyourpockettogetfiveyuan!Itwillmake

otherslaugh!Theperson'snotaskingforyourmoney,butyourfingers.

IntheUS,"givemefive"orHgivemethehighfive"isapopulargesture(動作).Youcansee

itofteninfilmsoronTVItmeanstheclapping(拍)ofeachother'sraisedrighthandstogether.

Peopledoitwhentheymeetforthefirsttimeorsomethinghappyhappens.Forexample,a

studenthasgoodmarksinexamsorwinsalotteryticket(彩票).Ifafootballteamwinsa

game,theplayerswillgivehighfivestoeveryonearoundtocelebrate.

ThisgesturemaycomefromtheoldRomangestureofraisingtherightarmfortheemperorto

showrespect.Thisalsoshowedthatthepersonraisinghisamdidnothaveasword(刀)inhis

hand.

Whynottrytogivethehighfivetoyourfriends?

(1)"Givemefive"isagesturetoaskformoney.

(2)Thegesture"givemefive"istheclappingofhands.

(3)Whenyougetgoodgradesinyourexam,yougiveyourfriendshighfives.

(4)ThegesturestartedinAmericaaccordingtothestory.

(5)TheRomansraisedtherightarmwithoutaswordinhishandfortheemperortoshowtheir

respecttotheemperor.

【答案】(1)0

(2)1

（3）1

（4）0

（5）1

【解析】【分析】主要講了受歡迎的手勢"givemefive"or"givemethehighfive”。

（1）鄉(xiāng)用節(jié)題。根據(jù)Ifsomeonesaystoyou:"givemefive",donotsearchyourpockettoget

fiveyuan!Itwillmakeotherslaugh!Theperson'snotaskingforyourmoney,butyourfingers.可

知“givemefive"不是要錢的手勢，而是要手指，故選錯誤。

（2）細節(jié)題。根據(jù)Itmeanstheclapping