廣東省廣州市番禺區(qū)禺山中學(xué)2024屆高三第一次調(diào)研測(cè)試英語(yǔ)試卷含解析

廣東省廣州市番禺區(qū)禺山中學(xué)2024屆高三第一次調(diào)研測(cè)試英語(yǔ)試卷注意事項(xiàng):1．答題前，考生先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)碼填寫清楚，將條形碼準(zhǔn)確粘貼在條形碼區(qū)域內(nèi)。2．答題時(shí)請(qǐng)按要求用筆。3．請(qǐng)按照題號(hào)順序在答題卡各題目的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答，超出答題區(qū)域書(shū)寫的答案無(wú)效；在草稿紙、試卷上答題無(wú)效。4．作圖可先使用鉛筆畫出，確定后必須用黑色字跡的簽字筆描黑。5．保持卡面清潔，不要折暴、不要弄破、弄皺，不準(zhǔn)使用涂改液、修正帶、刮紙刀。第一部分（共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分）1．Thenewscameasnosurprisetome.I______forsometimethatthefactorywasgoingtoshutdown.A．hadknown B．knewC．haveknown D．know2．---Howdidshelosesomuchweightasexpected？----_____________eatingless，shejoggedforseveralmileseveryday.A．Inadditionto B．InspiteofC．Insteadof D．Thanksto3．Afterstudyinginamedicalcollegeforfiveyears,Jane______herjobasadoctorinthecountryside.A．setout B．tookover C．tookup D．setup4．---Whatdoyoudo,Susan?---Iamaclerkinaforeigncompanynow.ButI__________Englishinahighschoolfor8years.A．teachB．hadtaughtC．havetaughtD．taught5．______inpainting,Johndidn’tnoticeeveningapproaching.A．Toabsorb B．TobeabsorbedC．Absorbed D．Absorbing6．TheU.S.officialsaidNorthKorea---andIran---shouldfollowinthestepsofLibya,whichlastDecembersaiditwouldwork__________toallowinternationalweaponsinspectorstodotheirwork.A．unconditionally B．unwillingly C．unfortunately D．uncomfortably7．—Joe,whataboutgoingtoBelgiumforourcomingholiday?—Sorry,honey,I_________onthenewlydiscovereddinosaursiteinArgentina．Thereareremainsofwhatisthoughttobethelargestcreatureevertowalktheearth.A．wasworking B．workC．willbeworking D．worked8．Theinfrastructureprojecthasconsumedsomuchmoneythatwecan'tfindanyfinancialsupportandhaveto______.A．pullout B．pullthroughC．catchup D．catchon9．Manythoughtthatafterstarringintheimmenselypopulardrama，NirvanainFire，HuGewould________andactivelyseeknewroles．A．makeamountainoutofamolehillB．havetoomanyironsinthefireC．strikewhiletheironishotD．putthecartbeforethehorse10．––Didyouhavetodomuchforthedinnerparty?––Helen________everythingbythetimeIgothome.A．finishedB．wasfinishingC．wouldfinishD．hadfinished11．DimashappearedonthestageofSinger2017,hisvoiceinstantlywonheartsofChineseaudience.A．AslongasB．AssoonasC．NowthatD．Eversince12．FormanydaysIhavebeentryingto________whatitisthatmakesJacksoannoyed.A．carryout B．figureoutC．watchout D．standout13．MorethanaquarteroftheenergyintheUnitedStatesgoestomovingpeopleandgoodsfromoneplacetoanother.A．using B．used C．touse D．use14．—Dad,youshouldhavetakenmetothefootballmatchthismorning.—Ihadintendedto,butIcouldn’tspareanytime,I_____areport.A．hadwrittenB．wroteC．waswritingD．wouldwrite15．Theordinarypeoplealllookattheintelligentmanwithadmirationbecauseundernocircumstances________tocopewithemergencies.A．hewillfailB．ishefailingC．heisfailingD．willhefail16．Thelittleboystaredatthestrangemanquestioningly,not________whethertobelievewhathehadsaid.A．toknow B．knowingC．known D．havingknown17．Thisfilmisverywithyoungpeople,whichtellsareallyromanticstory.A．familiarB．popularC．similarD．particular18．Citizensare_____toexercisetheirrights,butundernocircumstancescantheyviolateotherpeople’srights.A．ontrack B．onscheduleC．a(chǎn)tease D．a(chǎn)tliberty19．---I’mafraidthecompanywillnothireme.---Comeon,Bill,relax!Youhavealotofexperienceandfinereferencesandyourcollegeworkisidealbackgroundforthem.______________A．It'llbenosweat.B．Allgoodthingscometoanend.C．Wordspaynodebts.D．Don'tgivemeanyjaw.20．__willIgiveup.IbelieveIcanmanageit.A．AtonceB．AtnotimeC．RightnowD．Theinstant第二部分閱讀理解（滿分40分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。21．（6分）Whatwouldittaketogetyoutoputdownyourphoneduringameal?Sarah’sCornerCafeinStroudsburg,Pennsylvania,isofferingadealforpeoplewhowanttoenjoyameal,andeachother,unplugged.They’vesetupso-called“familyrechargingstations”attableswhereyoudropyourphoneintoabasket.“TheylettheserverknowandtheserverwillbringoverabasketwitholdfashionedHangmanandTicTacToeandpencilsbecausethosegamesareinteractiveinsteadofcoloring,whichissolitary(孤單的),”ownerBarryLynchtoldABCNews.Onceafamilyjoinsinthechallenge,staffbringgamestothetabletoencouragethefamilytointeractandcommunicatewithoneanother.Iffamiliesmakeitthroughthemealwithoutlookingattheirphones,they’rerewarded10percentofftheirbill.“Alotofpeoplearestartingtodoitandit’stakenonalifeofitsown,”saidLynch.Theideaforthe“familyrechargingtime”cametoLynchafterobservingmanyofhiscustomers.“There’soneparticularfamilyIknewusedtocomeinonSundayforbreakfastafterchurch,”herecalled.“EverytimeIwentover,oneortwoofthekidsandsometimestheparentswouldbeonthephone.IalsoknewthedadwouldgotoNewYorkforworkeveryday,whichtakesalotoftime.Iaskedhimaboutthatandhesaid,‘Yeah,Istilldoit.It’ssonicetobetogetherandthesebreakfastsarerare.’Andwhenhesaidthat,Ithought,‘Somethingisgoingonhere.Ineedtodosomething.’”Lynchisthrilledbytheresponsehisphone-freemealshavegottenandhopestheycontinuetoenrichhiscustomers’familytime.“Ijustthoughtitwassuchashamenottohavemoretimetogetherjusttotalk,”hesaid.1、Howcanafamilygeta10%discountatSarah’sCornerCafe?A．Theyhavephone-freemeals.B．Theytakenophonesformeals.C．Theykeeppoliteduringthemeals.D．Theyremainquietduringthemeals.2、Whydoserversbringoverthegamestothechallengers?A．Tocaterforthem.B．Totesttheircourage.C．Tomakethemcommunicate.D．Todeveloptheirgameskills.3、WhatdidBarryshowbytellingthefamily’sstory?A．Whyhehadpityonthefamily.B．Howthefamilyspenttheirweekend.C．Whythefamilymembersignoredeachother.D．Howhehadtheideaforfamilyrechargingtime.4、What’sthereactionofthecustomersabouttheirphone-freemeals?A．Passive.B．Positive.C．Casual.D．Doubtful.22．（8分）Asanyplanepassengerwillconfirm,acryingbabyisalmostimpossibletoignore,nomatterhowhardyoutry.Nowscientistsbelievetheymayhaveworkedoutwhy.Ababy’scrypullsattheheartstrings(扣人心弦)inawaywhileothercriesdon’t,researchersfound.Researchersfoundthatababy’scrycantriggeruniqueemotionalresponsesinthebrain,makingitimpossibleforustoignorethem---whetherweareparentsornot.Othertypesofcries,includingcallsofanimalsingreatpain,failtogetthesameresponse---suggestingthebrainisprogrammedtorespondspecificallytoababy’scry.AteamofOxfordUniversityscientistsscannedthebrainsof28menandwomenastheylistenedtoavarietyofcallsandcries.After100milliseconds,twopartsofthebrainthatrespondtoemotionlitup.Theirresponsetoababy’scrywasparticularlystrong.Theresponsewasseeninbothmenandwomen-eveniftheyhadnochildren.ResearcherDr,ChristineParsonssaid,“Youmightreadthatmenshouldjustnoticeababyandstepoveritandnotseeit,butit’snottrue.Thereisaspecialprocessinginmenandwomen,whichmakessensefromanevolutionaryviewthatbothmenandwomenwouldberespondingtothesecries,”Thestudyinvolvedpeoplewhowerenotparents,yettheyareallrespondingquicklytotheseparticularcriessothismightbeafundamentalresponsepresentinallofusregardlessofparentalstatus.ResearcherKatieYoungsaiditmaytakeabitlongerforsomeonetorecognizetheirownchild’scriesbecausetheyneedtodomore“fine-grainedanalysis”.Theteamhadpreviouslyfoundthatourreactionsspeedupwhenwehearababycrying.Adultsperformedbetteroncomputergameswhentheywereplayedthesoundofababycryingthanaftertheyheardrecordingsofadultscryingorhigh-pitched(高音的)birdsong.Thefindingscouldhelpshedlightonpost-natal(產(chǎn)后的)depression---wheremothersstruggletobondwiththeirnewborn---byshowinghowahealthybrainrespondstoababy’scries.1、Ababy’scryisdifficulttoignorebecauseit.A．keepsoncryingB．criesharderthanadultsC．causespeoplegreatpainD．makespeoplefeelstrongemotions2、Theunderlinedword“trigger”inParagraph2probablymeans“‘‘A．removeB．a(chǎn)voidC．causeD．cure3、WhatmayChristineParsonsagreeto?A．Almosteveryonemakescertainresponsetoababy’scries.B．Acryingbabymakesnosensetopeoplewithoutchildren.C．Menpaylessattentiontoacryingbabythanwomen.D．Parentscanhardlyrecognizetheirownbabies’cry.4、Computergamesarementionedinthetexttoshow.A．players’differentreactionstoacryingbabyB．baby’scryingcontributestoquickerreactionsC．theinfluenceofbaby’sandadult’scryingonperformanceD．it’shardtokeepone’sconcentrationwithacryingbabynearby23．（8分）Oneofthebestwaystounderstandtheworldaroundusistostopandpickupabook.Herearesomebooksbyblackauthors,whichareshapingourconversationsaboutrace.TheHateUGivebyAngieThomasPublishdate:February28th2017ThenoveltellsthetaleofStarrCarter,a16-year-oldwhoistryingtogoingtoawhitehighschoolwithoutfeelinglikesheisabandoningherfriendsandfamilyinherblackneighborhood.ButwhenStarristhesolewitnesstoapoliceshootingofandunarmedblackteen,shemustdevelopthecouragetofindhervoiceandspeakoutagainstinjustice.ThisWillBeMyUndoingbyMorganJerkinsPublishdate:January302018Inherfirstbook,writerandjournalistMorganJerkinsdivesintowhatitmeanstoablackwomaninmodernsociety.ThroughessaysabouteverythingfromSailorMoontothe“BlackGirlMagic”movement,Jerkinsoutlineshowraceandwomen’srightscross.It’sdeliveredwiththesharpcriticismthathasmadeJerkinsamust-followvoiceintoday’smedialandscape.WeWereEightYearsInPowerbyTa-NehesiCoatesPublishdate:October3rd2017WeWereEightYearsInPowerisacollectionofCoates’sessayswrittenaboutrace,history,andpowerduringtheeightyearsofObama’spresidency.AcriticallookatraceintheU.S.,WewereEightYearsInPowersituatesthecurrentsocial,political,andculturalconversationswe’rehavingasacountrywithinthelargerwebofhistory,makingitamust-read.Don’tCallUsDeadAuthor:DanezSmithPublishdate:September5,2017DanezSmith’spoetrycollectionDon’tCallUsDeadisabreathtakinglookatbeingblack,beingqueerandlivingwithHIV,whentheworldseemsunfriendlytothoseidentities.Itwillleavereadersanger,sadnessandresolveasaresultofSmith’spoems.1、Whoisspeakingfortherightsofblackwomen?A．AngieThomas.B．MorganJerkinsC．Ta-NehisiCoatesD．DanezSmith2、WhichbookshouldbechosenifyouwanttolearnaboutObama?A．TheHateUGiveB．ThisWillBeMyUndoingC．WeWereEightYearsInPowerD．Don’tCallUsDead3、Whatdothesebookshaveincommon?A．Theywereallpublishedinthesame.B．Theyarecollectionsofessaysorpoems.C．Theyalldealwiththeproblemofblackrace.D．TheyareallrelatedtoAmericanmodernculture.24．（8分）Screamingisoneoftheresponseshumanssharewithotheranimals.Conventionalthinkingsuggeststhatwhatsetsascreamapartfromothersoundsisitsloudness.However,manysoundsthatarelouddonotraisegoosebumpslikescreamscan.Tofindoutwhatmakeshumanscreamsunique,neuroscientistLucArnalandhisteamexaminedabankofsoundscontainingsentencesspokenorscreamedby19adults.Theresultshowsscreamsandscreamedsentenceshadaqualitycalled“roughness,”whichreferstohowfastasoundchangesinloudness.Whilenormalspeechsoundsonlyhaveslightdifferencesinloudness—between4and5Hz,screamscanswitchveryfast,varyingbetween30and150Hz,thusconsideredtoberoughandunpleasant.Arnal’steamasked20subjectstojudgescreamsasfearfulornot,andfoundthatthescariestarealmostalwaysconnectedwithroughness.TheteamthenstudiedhowthehumanbrainrespondstoroughnessusingfMRIbrainscanners(磁共振顱腦掃描儀).Asexpected,afterhearingascream,activityincreasedinthebrain’shearingcenterswheresoundcomingintotheearsisprocessed.Butthescansalsolitupintheamygdale(腦扁桃體),thebrain’sfearcenter.Theamygdalaistheareathatrespondstodanger.Whenathreatisdetected,ouradrenaline(腎上腺素)rises,andourbodypreparestoreacttodanger.Thestudyfoundthatroughnessisn’theardwhenwespeaknaturally,butthemostannoyingalarmclocks,carhorns,andfirealarmspossesshighdegreesofroughness.Onepotentialapplicationforthisresearchmightbetoaddroughnesstoalarmsoundstomakethemmoreeffective,thesamewayabadsmellisaddedtonaturalgastomakeittheeasilytobedetected.Warningsoundscouldalsobeaddedtoelectriccars,whichareparticularlysilent,sotheycanbeefficientlydetectedbypedestrians.1、Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．Differenttypesofscreams.B．Specificfeaturesofscreams.C．Humansoundsandanimalcries.D．Soundchangesandscreamedsentences.2、Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“raisegoosebumps”probablymean?A．Makepeoplefeelunpleasant.B．Makepeoplefeelcold.C．Makepeoplerudeandrough.D．Makepeopleunique.3、Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．Roughnessiscommonlyheardinmanyartificialsounds.B．Thetravelingspeedmakesscreamsdifferentfromothersounds.C．Verylittlescientificresearchhasbeendoneonhumanscreams.D．Normalhumanspeechsoundsvarybetween30to150Hzinloudness.4、Whatdevicemaybeimprovedwiththeresearchers’findings?A．Trafficlights.B．Securitycameras.C．Smartphones.D．Smokedetectors.25．（10分）Hotshotjetpilotsarenomatchforcliffswallows.Thebirdsrocketoverbridgesandskimoverlakes,rushingforwardataccelerationsthatwouldknockanAirForce.Bytrackingthesecontestswithhigh-speedcameras,anewstudygivesthefirst,in-depthpeekintoavianaerodynamics(鳥(niǎo)類空氣力學(xué))inthewild.“Thefindingsmayevenprovideinsightintohowtodesignbettermicroairvehicles-tinydrones.Thistechnologywillbebrilliantlyuseful,”saysbiomechanicsexpertJimUsherwoodoftheUnitedKingdom’sRoyalVeterinaryCollegeinHatfield.“High-resolutionfieldstudieslikethishaveneverbeendonebeforeforbirds.”Forcliffswallows,thetroublestartswhentheyreturnfromwinteringinSouthAmericatotheirsummerhomesinNorthAmerica.Afterarrival,theyseekouttheiroldmudnests—usuallylocatedunderconcretebridgesandfreeways-andstartrebuildingtheirhomes.Butratherthanhuntdownafreshsupplyofmud,someswallowspreferstealingsuppliesfromtheirmorehardworkingneighbors.Otherstakethingsfurtherandwillevenlayaneggortwointheirneighbor’snestbeforetakingoff.Battlesintheairfollowiftheinvadersarecaughtintheact,andanewstudytakesadvantageofthesefightstolearnhowbirdsperformhigh-speedmaneuvers(演習(xí)).TheteamplacedthreecamerasalongaNorthCarolinalakecrossedbyahighwaybridgethathousesseveralcliffswallownestsandwaitedforthebattlestocommence.Theteamwassurprisedtolearnthatmostofthetime,chaserscopiedthemoveoffleeinginvaders.Swallowsalsopullveryhardturnstoescapeanenemy,withoneextremecasereaching7.8gravity.Fighterpilotsusuallypassoutatabout5or6gravity,whichiswhytheseexperimentshaveearnedinterest,andpartialfunding,fromtheOfficeofNavalResearch.TheNavymayusethefindingstobuildbetterguidancesystemsformicroairvehicles.However,theswallows’biomechanicsarecomplex,andnowtheteamissimplytryingtocollectafewtricks.1、WhydidtheUsherwoodcarryoutthestudies?A．Toguideabetterdesignofairvehicles.B．Toprovetheswallowsarebetteratflying.C．Toexperimentwithitshigh-speedcameras.D．Totrackhowtheswallowsskimoverlakes.2、Whatleadstothebattlesamongthebirds?A．Sharingfood.B．Occupyingothers’nests.C．Seizingmudfornesting.D．Competingfortheuseofbridges.3、Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“commence”inparagraph3?A．continue B．a(chǎn)ccelerateC．end D．begin4、Whatisthetrickoftheswallowtoescapeitsenemy?A．Acceleratingtowardit.B．Copyingwhatitsenemydo.C．Makingsharpturnsduringflight.D．Seekingforhelpfromitsfellows.第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)）第一節(jié)（每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)．26．（30分）Fromayoungage,Iwastaughttobekindtopeoplearound.Myparents1explainedtometheimportanceofgivinghelpgenerouslytotheless2.Sooutofhabit,wheneverthereissomethingIcan3,Igiveittosomeoneonthestreets.Lastweek,asIleftthehouseforwork,Icarriedwithmesome4clothes,ahandbagandsomefoodtohandovertosomeone5.Asthecar6atatrafficredlight,Isawagirloffiveorsixaskingformoney.I7hertocometomeandquickly8allthestuffIhadandputthemintothehandbag.AsIstartedhandingitover,sheseemed9.Shelookedupatmewithasweetsmileonherfaceandaskedwhatwasinthe10.Itoldherthereweresomeclothesandfoodforher.Onceagainshe11me,“Canyougivemesomewater?”ItwasthenthatI12herdrylips.Itseemedthatshehadnothada13ofwaterallday.I14thewaterbottlethatIalwayscarrywithmeandhelpedhertodrinkfromit.Shefinisheditquicklyandgavemeaheartwarmingsmileof15.IwasthankfulthatIcould16whatshereallywishedandrealizedonceagainthatdaythatyoudon’tnecessarilyhavetomakebig17tohelpsomeone.Andthisincident,aswellasalotthatfollowed,18mybeliefinthesimpleactsofkindnessandhowtheycanmakesomeone’sday.Nexttimeyouwanttodosomethingniceforsomeone,don’t19,seizingtheright20,oritwouldbelate.Goaheadanddoit!1、A．cheerfully B．confidently C．particularly D．smoothly2、A．difficult B．rich C．comfortable D．fortunate3、A．find B．exchange C．spare D．a(chǎn)bandon4、A．casual B．worn C．old D．fashionable5、A．needy B．clumsy C．lucky D．lonely6、A．pulled B．stopped C．a(chǎn)pproached D．drew7、A．wanted B．ordered C．touched D．signaled8、A．threw B．collected C．dragged D．dropped9、A．surprised B．embarrassed C．panicked D．worried10、A．bag B．pocket C．car D．hand11、A．wavedat B．lookedupat C．shookhandswith D．noddedat12、A．realized B．watched C．recognized D．noticed13、A．bottle B．drop C．lot D．cup14、A．pointedout B．gaveout C．pickedout D．tookout15、A．satisfaction B．communication C．a(chǎn)ppreciation D．expectation16、A．a(chǎn)fford B．offer C．understand D．remember17、A．donations B．differences C．senses D．kindness18、A．strengthened B．changed C．shook D．destroyed19、A．holdout B．holdon C．holdback D．holddown20、A．idea B．power C．position D．opportunity第二節(jié)（每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。27．（15分）Movingtoaforeigncountryisanamazingexperience.It’sanopportunitytoputyourselfin1．differentculture.However,beforestartingyouradventure,therearesomedecisions2．(make).Onesuchdecisionischoosingwheretolive.Willyoustayinyourownapartment?Willyoushareaflatwithotheryoung3．(foreign)?Orwillyouchoosetolivewithahostfamily?Forme,choosingtolivewithaFrenchfamilywasthe4．(good)choice,andhereiswhy.Firstly,afamilycanshowyouaroundthecityandpreventyou5．(feel)lonelyandlost.Myhostfamilywas6．(extreme)nice.Theyshowedmewhichbusestotaketogettowork,7．(cook)dinnerformeandtookmewiththemontripstothebeach.TheseweregreatopportunitiestoexperienceFrenchculture,8．inturnhelpedmefeelmorecomfortable.Moreover,livingwithFrenchpeoplewasagreatwaytoimprovemylanguageskills.Myhostfamilywashappytoanswermyquestionsandcorrectedme9．Isaidsomethingwrong,whichmademeabetterFrenchspeaker.Besidesthis,theexperienceoflivingabroadisonethatyouwillrememberforever.Youmightreturn10．theirbirthdays,weddingsandmuchmore.Itwillbeapreciousmemoryfortherestofyourlife.第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)）第一節(jié)短文改錯(cuò)（滿分10分）28．（10分）假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯(cuò)誤涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏詞符號(hào)(/\)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞;2.只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。OnJanuary5th,studentsinourschoolvisitedRobotWorld