siRNA納米傳遞系統(tǒng)應用于消化系統(tǒng)腫瘤研究進展

siRNA納米傳遞系統(tǒng)應用于消化系統(tǒng)腫瘤研究進展Title:AdvancesintheApplicationofsiRNANano-DeliverySystemsforGastrointestinalTumorResearchAbstract:Gastrointestinal(GI)tumorsareasignificanthealthburdenworldwide,withhighmortalityratesandlimitedtreatmentoptions.siRNA-basedtherapeuticshaveemergedasapromisingapproachtospecificallytargetandsilencegenesinvolvedintumorprogression.However,efficientdeliveryofsiRNAtotumorcellsremainsamajorchallenge.Inrecentyears,thedevelopmentofsiRNAnano-deliverysystemshasshowngreatpotentialinovercomingthebarrierstoeffectivesiRNAdelivery.ThisreviewsummarizesthelatestadvancesinsiRNAnano-deliverysystemsforGItumorresearch,includingdifferenttypesofnanocarriers,strategiesforimprovedtumor-targeting,andthecurrentstatusofpreclinicalandclinicalstudies.TheapplicationofsiRNAnano-deliverysystemshasopenedupnewavenuesforthedevelopmentofeffectiveandtargetedtherapiesforGItumors.1.IntroductionGastrointestinaltumors,includingcolorectalcancer,gastriccancer,andpancreaticcancer,areamongthemostcommontypesofcancerworldwide.Duetothelimitedtreatmentoptionsandhighmortalityratesassociatedwiththesetumors,thereisanurgentneedforthedevelopmentofnoveltherapeuticstrategies.siRNA-basedtherapeuticsholdgreatpromisefortargetedgenesilencingandinhibitionoftumorprogression.However,theefficientdeliveryofsiRNAtotumorcellsremainsasignificantchallenge.ThissectionintroducestheconceptofsiRNAandtherationalebehindusingsiRNAnano-deliverysystemsforGItumorresearch.2.BarrierstosiRNADeliveryintheGastrointestinalSystemEfficientdeliveryofsiRNAtotumorcellsinthegastrointestinalsystemishinderedbymultiplebarriers,suchasenzymaticdegradationinthegastrointestinaltract,poorcellularuptake,andlimitedintracellularrelease.ThissectionhighlightsthemajorbarrierstoeffectivesiRNAdeliveryintheGIsystemandtheimportanceofovercomingtheseobstaclesusingnano-deliverysystems.3.TypesofsiRNANano-DeliverySystems3.1Lipid-basedNanoparticlesLipid-basednanoparticles,includingliposomes,lipidnanoparticles,andlipid-polymerhybridnanoparticles,havebeenextensivelyutilizedforsiRNAdelivery.Thissectiondiscussesthecharacteristics,advantages,andlimitationsoflipid-basednanocarriersandhighlightsrecentadvancementsintheirapplicationforGItumorresearch.3.2Polymer-basedNanoparticlesPolymericnanoparticles,suchaspolyethyleneimine(PEI),poly(lactic-co-glycolicacid)(PLGA),andchitosannanoparticles,havealsobeenwidelyinvestigatedforsiRNAdelivery.Thissectionexploresthepotentialofpolymer-basednanocarrierstoaddressthechallengesofsiRNAdeliveryinGItumors.3.3InorganicNanoparticlesInorganicnanoparticles,suchasgoldnanoparticles,silicananoparticles,andcarbonnanotubes,offeruniqueadvantagesforsiRNAdeliveryduetotheirtunablesurfacepropertiesandhighstability.ThissectiondiscussesthepotentialofinorganicnanocarriersinGItumorresearch.4.StrategiesforImprovedTumorTargetingTolocalizesiRNAdeliverytotumorcellsandminimizeoff-targeteffects,variousstrategiesforimprovedtumortargetinghavebeendeveloped.Thissectionhighlightstheutilizationofactivelytargetingligands,stimuli-responsivesystems,andtumormicroenvironment-targeteddeliveryapproachesforenhancedsiRNAdeliverytoGItumors.5.PreclinicalandClinicalStudiesTheefficacyandsafetyofsiRNAnano-deliverysystemsforGItumorresearchhavebeenevaluatedinpreclinicalandclinicalstudies.ThissectionreviewsthecurrentstatusofsiRNA-basedtherapeuticsinGItumormodelsandprovidesinsightsintothechallengesandfuturedirectionsinclinicaltranslation.6.ConclusionsiRNAnano-deliverysystemsholdgreatpromiseforthedevelopmentofefficientandtargetedtherapiesagainstGItumors.OvercomingthebarrierstosiRNAdeliveryinthegastrointestinalsystemiscrucialforthesuccessfultranslationofsiRNA-basedtherapeuticsintoclinicalpractice.ContinuedadvancementsinsiRNAnano-deliverysystemswillpavethewayforimprovedtreatmentoptionsforpatientswithGItumors,offeringnewhopeforbetteroutcomes.References:(Providealistofreferencescitedth