2022-2023學(xué)年陜西省西安市大聯(lián)考高二下學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

高中英語(yǔ)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1陜西省西安市大聯(lián)考2022-2023學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)試題第一部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AWhatwouldyouthinkifsomeonesuggestedknockingdownStPaul’sCathedraltowidentheroad?OrpullingdownBigBentomakewayforacarpark?Itwouldberidiculous,right?Butwhenitcomestodevastationofthenaturalworld,wearen’tsoeasilyshocked.Butweshouldbe…orwe’llbeinalotoftrouble.Natureisshrinkingbytheday.Ancientforestsaredestroyed.Wetlandsarebecomingdry.Woodlandisdisappearing,andallinthenameofprogress.Thisisbadinitself,butit’sdevastatingforbiodiversity.Biodiversityreferstothevarietyofplants,animalsandotherlivingthingsthatareallinterconnected.Theecologicalservicesprovidedbybiodiversityarevitaltoeverydaylife.Theairwebreatheisaproductofphotosynthesisbygreenplants.Insects,wormsandbacteriabreakdownwasteandmakesoilsrich.Andtinyorganismscleanthewaterinriversandsea.Infact,alllifeontheearthexiststhankstothebenefitsofbiodiversity.Morethan90percentofthecaloriesconsumedbypeopleworldwideareproducedfrom80plantspecies.And30percentofmedicinesaredevelopedfromplantsandanimals.Maintainingawidediversityofspeciesineachecosystemisnecessarytopreservealllivingthings.Thelossofbiodiversitycouldbedevastating.“Itiswrongtothinkthatbiodiversitycanbereducedindefinitelywithoutthreateninghumans,”saidHarvardUniversitybiologistEdwardO.Wilson,knownasthe“fatherofbiodiversity”.Hewarned,“Weareabouttoreachacriticalpointbeyondwhichbiodiversitylosswillbecomeirreversible.”Butwhatcanwedo?Thepresentproblemisthattheconceptofbiodiversityissovague.Peoplemightcareaboutgiantpandas,butitismuchhardertoexcitethemaboutthefateoftinyseacreatureswhicharebeingboiledtodeathinthecoolingsystemsofpowerstationsalongcoastlines.TheGuardiannewspaperistryingtohelp.IthaslaunchedtheBiodiversity100campaigntotrytoconvincegovernmentsaroundtheworldtotakeactiontodealwiththewidespreadconcernsaboutbiodiversity.ThisincludespersuadingtheUKgovernmenttocreateaseriesofmarinereservestoreservethedecreaseinthesea-lifecausedbyindustrialfishing,stoppingfishingsharksbytheJapanesefishermenandbanningthekillingofdingoesinAustralia,amongmanyotherthings.Thereisalottodo.Andwe’dbetteractquicklyifwedon’twanttoendupwithaplanetthatcan’tsustainlife!1.Theunderlinedsentence“Natureisshrinkingbytheday.”meansthat________.A.natureisbadlypollutedbyhumansB.speciesarebecomingfewerandfewerdaybydayC.rainforestsarebeingcutdowneverydayD.natureisfullofmysteries2.EdwardO.Wilsonthinksthat________.A.itdoesn’tmattertoreducebiodiversityB.peoplehavedoneenoughtopreservebiodiversityC.thesituationofbiodiversityisveryseriousD.biodiversitylosshasbecomeirreversible3.Whenitcomestobiodiversity,thepresentproblemisthat________.A.peoplemightnotclearlyknowwhatisbiodiversityandwhatshouldbeprotectedB.peoplearenotawarethatgiantpandasareendangeredC.peopledon’trealizethatbiodiversityisvitaltoeverydaylifeD.peoplehuntseacreaturesforfood〖答案〗1.B2.C3.A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。作者通過(guò)文章向我們描述了生物多樣性目前面臨的形勢(shì)非常嚴(yán)峻，不容樂(lè)觀，呼吁讀者保護(hù)生物多樣性?！?題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線句下文“Ancientforestsaredestroyed.Wetlandsarebecomingdry.Woodlandisdisappearing,andallinthenameofprogress.Thisisbadinitself,butit’sdevastatingforbiodiversity.(大自然正在日益萎縮。古老的森林被摧毀。濕地正在變得干燥。林地正在消失，而這一切都是以進(jìn)步的名義。這本身就很糟糕，但對(duì)生物多樣性來(lái)說(shuō)是毀滅性的)”可知，劃線句子的意思是生物多樣性在遭受破壞，自然界的物種每天都在減少。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Hewarned,“Weareabouttoreachacriticalpointbeyondwhichbiodiversitylosswillbecomeirreversible.”(他警告，“我們即將達(dá)到一個(gè)臨界點(diǎn)，超過(guò)這個(gè)臨界點(diǎn)，生物多樣性喪失將變得不可逆轉(zhuǎn)?！?”可知，EdwardO.Wilson認(rèn)為生物多樣性形勢(shì)十分嚴(yán)峻。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Butwhatcanwedo?Thepresentproblemisthattheconceptofbiodiversityissovague.(但是我們能做什么呢？目前的問(wèn)題是生物多樣性的概念太模糊了)”可知，當(dāng)涉及到生物多樣性，目前的問(wèn)題是人們可能不清楚地知道什么是生物多樣性和什么應(yīng)該被保護(hù)。故選A項(xiàng)。BDespitebeingusedby1.34billionpeopleeachyear,travelingontheTubeinLondoncanactuallybequitelonely.Anunwrittenruleencouragingsilence,mixedwithclassicBritishreserve,meansthateventhoughyou’repackedintoanenclosedspacewithhundredsofotherpeople,themorningcommute(上下班的路程)canleaveyoufeelingsomewhatdisconnected.AnAmericanlivinginLondon,however,istryingtochangethis.“YougetontheTubehereandit’scompletelysilentanditfeelsabitstrange,”saysJonathanDunne,42,whohasstartedaworldwidedialogueaftergivingoutbadges(證章；徽章)withthewords“Tubechat?”lastmonth,encouragingcommutersinLondontogettalkingtooneanother.“Ihandedout500badgesduringrushhoursinacityof8million,expectingmostofthemtobethrownaway,butafterabout24hoursitcompletelysnowballed,”hesays.Dunneandhis“Tubechat”campaignhavebeencoveredbymediaacrosstheworldsincethen,seeingTVinterviewsinSweden,BrailandtheUK,aswellasalotofwebsite,newspaperandmagazineappearances.AlthoughDunnesayshe’sreceivedmostlypositivefeedback,noteveryoneagreeswithhisopinion.LondonerBrianWilsonstartedacampaignofhisown,handingout500badgeswiththewords“Don’teventhinkaboutit”onthem.“Ican’tstandtheideaofhavingtotalktostrangersontheTubeonmywaytowork,”hetoldtheBBC.MichaelRobinson,24,astudentfromLondon,agrees.“BeingontheTubeistheonlyplaceandquietnesssomepeoplegetontheirjourneystoandfromwork.Personally,Idon’twanttobetroubledbypeoplecomingupandchattingtoyou,”hesays.WhileLondondoesnotappeartobesocial,noteverywherelacksasenseofcommunity.InMelbourne,Australia,commutershavesetupaprivateFacebookgroupusedtowarnoneanotherwhenticketinspectors(售票員)boardthecity’strams(有軌電車).MostWesterncities’tramstopshavenobarriers,whichmakesitpossibleforsometravelerstoridethemwithoutbuyingtickets.Thoughthegroupcomeswithadisclaimer(免費(fèi)申明),itspurposeisactuallytowarnfarepayingmembersthatticketsinspectorsareonsothattheycanreadytheirsmilesandmostimportantly,theirtickets.DoesDunnehopethatsomeofthiscommunityspiritwillbemirroredintheUKfollowinghiscampaign?“PeoplebelievedthatIjustwalkupandtalktostrangers,whichIdon’t,butit’sbeenagreatwaytomeetpeopleyouwouldneverhavenormallyspokento,”hesays.“OnMonday,thecurator(館長(zhǎng))oftheLondonTransportMuseumhadmeoverfortea.”SoifyoueverendupusingpublictransportintheWest,whynotsayhellotothepersonnexttoyou?Justmakesuretocheckforabadgefirst.4.Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.ToblamethelonelinessonLondonTube.B.ToshowtheselfishnessofLondoners.C.ToexpresstheupsetoftheTuberiders.D.Tointroducethebackgroundofthecampaign.5.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutDunne’scampaign?A.ItencouragespeopletoavoidchattingontheTube.B.Itdoesn’twineveryone’ssupportinLondon.C.It’sknownonlytoasmallnumberofLondoners.D.Itgivesoutbadgeswith“Don’teventhinkaboutit.”6.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheunderlinedsentences?A.TheypreferdrinkingteatochattingontheTube.B.Dunnedidn’texpecttomeetthecuratorontheTube.C.DunneneverwalksupandtalkstostrangersontheTube.D.ItispossibletomakefriendswithastrangerontheTube.7.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsDunne’scampaign?A.Doubtful B.WorriedC.Supportive D.Amazed〖答案〗4.D5.B6.D7.C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。住在倫敦的美國(guó)人喬納森?鄧恩發(fā)現(xiàn)在倫敦坐地鐵的人保持沉默，互相不說(shuō)話、不交流，他就想改變這種情況，他向通勤者發(fā)放“地鐵聊天”的徽章，鼓勵(lì)他們相互交談。他的做法收到的大多是積極的反饋，但并不是每個(gè)人都同意他的觀點(diǎn)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。本文主要講的是：住在倫敦的美國(guó)人喬納森?鄧恩發(fā)現(xiàn)在倫敦坐地鐵的人保持沉默，互相不說(shuō)話不交流，他就想改變這種情況，他向通勤者發(fā)放“地鐵聊天”的徽章，鼓勵(lì)他們相互交談。他的做法收到的大多是積極的反饋，但并不是每個(gè)人都同意他的觀點(diǎn)。而第一段“Despitebeingusedby1.34billionpeopleeachyear,travelingontheTubeinLondoncanactuallybequitelonely.Anunwrittenruleencouragingsilence,mixedwithclassicBritishreserve,meansthateventhoughyou’repackedintoanenclosedspacewithhundredsofotherpeople,themorningcommute(上下班的路程)canleaveyoufeelingsomewhatdisconnected.(盡管每年有13.4億人乘坐倫敦地鐵，但在倫敦乘坐地鐵實(shí)際上是相當(dāng)孤獨(dú)的。英國(guó)有一條不成文的規(guī)矩，鼓勵(lì)大家保持沉默，再加上經(jīng)典的英式矜持，這意味著即使你和數(shù)百人擠在一個(gè)封閉的空間里，早晨的通勤也會(huì)讓你感到有些疏離)”是介紹在倫敦坐地鐵時(shí)人們保持沉默、不互相交流這種現(xiàn)象。由此推知，第一段是為了介紹喬納森?鄧恩發(fā)起運(yùn)動(dòng)鼓勵(lì)人們?cè)诘罔F上交流的背景。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“AlthoughDunnesayshe’sreceivedmostlypositivefeedback,noteveryoneagreeswithhisopinion.LondonerBrianWilsonstartedacampaignofhisown,handingout500badgeswiththewords‘Don’teventhinkaboutit’onthem.‘Ican’tstandtheideaofhavingtotalktostrangersontheTubeonmywaytowork,’hetoldtheBBC.MichaelRobinson,24,astudentfromLondon,agrees.‘BeingontheTubeistheonlyplaceandquietnesssomepeoplegetontheirjourneystoandfromwork.Personally,Idon’twanttobetroubledbypeoplecomingupandchattingtoyou,’hesays.(雖然鄧恩說(shuō)他收到的大多是積極的反饋，但并不是每個(gè)人都同意他的觀點(diǎn)。倫敦人布萊恩·威爾遜也發(fā)起了一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)，他發(fā)放了500枚徽章，上面寫(xiě)著‘想都別想’。他在接受BBC采訪時(shí)表示：‘我無(wú)法忍受在上班的地鐵上和陌生人說(shuō)話?！瘉?lái)自倫敦的24歲學(xué)生邁克爾·羅賓遜對(duì)此表示贊同。‘地鐵是一些人上下班旅途中唯一安靜的地方。就我個(gè)人而言，我不想被走過(guò)來(lái)和你聊天的人打擾，’他說(shuō))”可知，在倫敦并不是每個(gè)人都支持鄧恩發(fā)起的運(yùn)動(dòng)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)劃線句子“‘PeoplebelievedthatIjustwalkupandtalktostrangers,whichIdon’t,butit’sbeenagreatwaytomeetpeopleyouwouldneverhavenormallyspokento,’hesays.‘OnMonday,thecurator(館長(zhǎng))oftheLondonTransportMuseumhadmeoverfortea.’（他說(shuō)：‘人們認(rèn)為我只是走過(guò)去和陌生人說(shuō)話，我不是，但這是一個(gè)很好的方式，可以認(rèn)識(shí)你平時(shí)永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)說(shuō)過(guò)話的人?！瞧谝?，倫敦交通博物館的館長(zhǎng)請(qǐng)我去喝茶?！蓖浦?，鄧恩一定是在地鐵上結(jié)識(shí)的倫敦交通博物館的館長(zhǎng)，所以在地鐵上和陌生人交朋友是可能的。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的最后一句“SoifyoueverendupusingpublictransportintheWest,whynotsayhellotothepersonnexttoyou?Justmakesuretocheckforabadgefirst.（所以，如果你在西方乘坐公共交通工具，為什么不向旁邊的人打個(gè)招呼呢?不過(guò)一定要先檢查一下對(duì)方有沒(méi)有徽章）”推知，作者對(duì)于鄧恩發(fā)起的運(yùn)動(dòng)是支持的。故選C項(xiàng)。CNotonlydoestheuseofplasticwaterbottleshurtyourwallet,butitalsocausespollution,wastesenergy,andsurprisinglywasteswater.Only23%oftheplasticinAmericaendsupinrecyclingbins,meaningover$1billionworthofplasticistreatedasrubbishayear.Recently,SkippingRocksLabhasinventedakindofwaterbottlecalledOoho.It’sakindofconvenient,clearwaterbottlethatcaneitherbedrunkoreaten.Todrinkit,youcaneithergetridofthemembrane(膜)ortearaholeinthemembranewithyourteethtopourthewaterintoyourmouth.Toeatit,yousimplyputthewholebottleinyourmouth.It’scompletelytastelesssoyouneedn’tworryaboutanytaste.Itaimsforlargeoutdooreventswheretonsofplasticbottlesareusedandfrequentlyleftbehindaslitter.Toomuchplasticissuretodoharmtotheenvironment,whichcouldaccountforthepurposeofsuchanewinvention.TheteamhasbeenworkingforthepasttwoyearstodevelopthetechnologyandmaterialsthatareneededtoproduceOoho.Thepriceforanonlybubble(泡狀物)oraunitofbubbleshasn’tbeendecidedyet,butitcostsabouttwocentstocreateaunit,whichischeaperthanplasticbottles.TheteamhasalsobeensellingOohowaterbottlesinLondonforthepastsixmonths.Oohoiscatchingmanypeople’sattentionandhasraisedover$1millioninonlythreedays.It’smostlybeingsoldateventsatthemomenttointerestthebuyerswhiletheproductionmachineisgettingupandrunning.It’squicklymakingarise,sokeepaneyeoutforthesebottlesofthefuture.8.HowismostplasticinAmericadealtwith?A.Itisthrownawayaslitter. B.Itisreusedasnewenergy.C.Itisburiedundertheground. D.Itisappliedtonewtechnology.9.WhatcanweknowabouttheOoho?A.Itplanstobesoldataverylowprice.B.Ithassomeadvantagesoverplasticbottles.C.IthastakentheplaceofplasticbottlesinLondon.D.PropermaterialsofmakingOohoarehardtofind.10.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsOoho’sfuture?A.Doubtful. B.Uninterested. C.Positive. D.Worried.11.Whomightbetargetreaders?A.Scientists. B.Experts. C.Environmentalists. D.Thepublic.〖答案〗8.A9.B10.C11.D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一種名叫Ooho的水瓶，這種水瓶既方便又清澈，既可以喝也可以吃?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Only23%oftheplasticinAmericaendsupinrecyclingbins,meaningover$1billionworthofplasticistreatedasrubbishayear.(在美國(guó)，只有23%的塑料最終進(jìn)入了回收箱，這意味著每年有超過(guò)10億美元的塑料被當(dāng)作垃圾處理。)”可知，在美國(guó)，大多數(shù)的塑料都被當(dāng)作垃圾處理。故選A。【9題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“It’sakindofconvenient,clearwaterbottlethatcaneitherbedrunkoreaten.Todrinkit,youcaneithergetridofthemembrane(膜)ortearaholeinthemembranewithyourteethtopourthewaterintoyourmouth.Toeatit,yousimplyputthewholebottleinyourmouth.It’scompletelytastelesssoyouneedn’tworryaboutanytaste.(這是一種既方便又清澈的水瓶，既可以喝也可以吃。要喝的話，可以去掉膜，也可以用牙齒在膜上撕開(kāi)一個(gè)洞，把水倒進(jìn)嘴里。要吃它，你只需把整瓶放進(jìn)嘴里。它是完全無(wú)味的，所以你不必?fù)?dān)心任何味道。)”以及文章第三段“Itaimsforlargeoutdooreventswheretonsofplasticbottlesareusedandfrequentlyleftbehindaslitter.Toomuchplasticissuretodoharmtotheenvironment,whichcouldaccountforthepurposeofsuchanewinvention.(它的目標(biāo)是在大型戶外活動(dòng)中使用成噸的塑料瓶，經(jīng)常被丟棄作為垃圾。過(guò)多的塑料肯定會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境造成危害，這可能是這項(xiàng)新發(fā)明的目的。)”可知，Ooho比塑料瓶的優(yōu)點(diǎn)多，不僅方便，而且不會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境造成危害。故選B?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“It’sakindofconvenient,clearwaterbottlethatcaneitherbedrunkoreaten.Todrinkit,youcaneithergetridofthemembrane(膜)ortearaholeinthemembranewithyourteethtopourthewaterintoyourmouth.Toeatit,yousimplyputthewholebottleinyourmouth.It’scompletelytastelesssoyouneedn’tworryaboutanytaste.(這是一種既方便又清澈的水瓶，既可以喝也可以吃。要喝的話，可以去掉膜，也可以用牙齒在膜上撕開(kāi)一個(gè)洞，把水倒進(jìn)嘴里。要吃它，你只需把整瓶放進(jìn)嘴里。它是完全無(wú)味的，所以你不必?fù)?dān)心任何味道。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為這種水瓶非常好，而根據(jù)文章最后一段“It’squicklymakingarise,sokeepaneyeoutforthesebottlesofthefuture.(它正在迅速崛起，所以請(qǐng)關(guān)注這些未來(lái)的瓶子。)”可知，作者對(duì)這個(gè)瓶子的未來(lái)抱有積極的態(tài)度。故選C?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Oohoiscatchingmanypeople’sattentionandhasraisedover$1millioninonlythreedays.It’smostlybeingsoldateventsatthemomenttointerestthebuyerswhiletheproductionmachineisgettingupandrunning.It’squicklymakingarise,sokeepaneyeoutforthesebottlesofthefuture.(Ooho吸引了很多人的注意，僅在三天內(nèi)就籌集了超過(guò)100萬(wàn)美元。它主要是在目前的活動(dòng)中出售，以吸引買(mǎi)家，而生產(chǎn)機(jī)器正在啟動(dòng)和運(yùn)行。它正在迅速崛起，所以請(qǐng)關(guān)注這些未來(lái)的瓶子。)”可知，這種瓶子正在崛起中，目前需要公眾的關(guān)注。所以這篇文章是寫(xiě)給大眾看的，既介紹了瓶子又吸引了公眾的關(guān)注，渴望有大量人群購(gòu)買(mǎi)。故選D。DAspricesdropandtheirfunctionalityexpands,youcanexpecttoseehumanoid(類人的)robotsinmoreplaces,includingschools,airports,andhospitals.Willtheyinfluencehumanbehavior?Inastudypublishedrecently,scientistsfoundthatmeanrobotscanhelppeopleconcentrate.Theexperiment,publishedinScienceRobotics,wasbasedonsomethingcalledtheStroopTask,whichiswidelyusedinpsychologyanddescribedasthe"goldstandard"ofattentionaltests.Itchallengesparticipantstonamethecolorsofwordsandignoretheirmeaningswhilecalculatingreactiontime.Theresearchersputamoderntwistonthetask,though-thistime,therewasarobotintheroom.Thegoalwastoseeifthepresenceofarobotwouldaffectcognition,andtheresearchersfounditdid,butonlywhentherobotwasmean.Howdoyoumakearobotmean?Inthiscase,ameter-talltoyrobotcalledaMeccanoidG15KSwasmadetorespondtosevenquestions.Thegoodrobotstoldjokes,spokeaboutfriendship,anddescribedtestsubjectsasnice.Thebadrobotsrepliedtoquestionswithpassiveaggressivecomebacks,suchas"Ienjoydoinganalysisprogramsbutyouwouldnotunderstand"andstatementslike"Idonotvaluefriendship."Thentheparticipantsratedtherobots."Themoreparticipantsthoughttherobotmadethemuncomfortable,thegreatertheimprovementoftheirStroopperformancewas,"theresearcherswrote."Notsurprisingly,thebadrobotwasratedaslesswarm,friendlyandpleasantthanthegoodrobot."Thestudyauthorsarguethatrobotsarecrossingthelineinsomesituationsfrommachinestosocialagents.Thatwillchangehowhumansinteractwithandbehavearoundthem.“Similartoahuman'spresence,thepresenceofarobotmightnotbeneutral(無(wú)傾向性的)insituationslikeschoolorintheofficewhenyouareworking."NicolasSpatola,oneofthestudyauthorssaidinanemail,"Sobeforeyourbossdecidestointroducearobotinyouroffice,itcouldbeagoodideatoevaluatehowyoufeelaboutitandhowitcanpositivelyornegativelyimpactyourwork,howcomfortableyoumayfeelwithitorifyoufeelittobeathreat."Just58studentsfromUniversityClermontAuvergneinFranceparticipatedintheexperimentbuttheresearchersfoundanincreaseinthespeedofcorrectanswersamongthoseinthepresenceofameanrobotwhencomparedtothosewhowerewithanicerobotoralone.Inthefuture,robotswillalmostcertainlybecomemoreandmorecommoninnursinghomes,hotelcheck-indesks,behindthewheel,andelsewhere.“Ifwewanttoimprovetheuseofrobotsinourdailylife,thereseemstobeaneedtofirstunderstandhowHumanRobotInteractioncanimpacthumanpsychology,”Spatolasaid.12.Whatwasthefindingofthenewstudy?A.Theuseofrobotsisrising. B.Humanoidrobotscanbemean.C.Unkindrobotscansharpenourfocus. D.Robotsarebecomingmorefunctional.,.13.Accordingtothepassage,howdidtheparticipantsjudgetherobots?A.Bytheirwords. B.Bytheiractions.C.Bytheirappearance. D.BytheStroopTask.14.WhichofthefollowingmightNicolasSpatolaagreewith?A.Becarefulaboutusingrobots. B.Leavetherobotifitpresentsathreat.C.Robotswillhaveagoodimpactonoffices. D.Robotsmayreplacehumansintheworkplace.15.Whatwasthedrawbackofthestudy?A.Theparticipantsweretooyoung. B.Thestudymethodwasn'tscientific.C.Therewasaslightdifferenceinspeed. D.Thenumberoftheparticipantswastoosmall.16.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Scientistshavealreadydevelopedhumanoidrobots.B.Humanoidrobotshavealreadyfounditswayintoourdailylife.C.Humanoidrobotswillcertainlycomeintoourdailylifesoonerorlater.D.Thereisnodifficultywe'llmeetwithbeforehumanoidrobotsarewidelyused.〖答案〗12.C13.A14.A15.D16.C〖祥解〗這是一篇說(shuō)明文。隨著價(jià)格的下降和功能的擴(kuò)展，你可以期待在更多的地方看到類人機(jī)器人，包括學(xué)校、機(jī)場(chǎng)和醫(yī)院。它們會(huì)影響人類行為嗎？在最近發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)研究中，科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，刻薄的機(jī)器人可以幫助人們集中精力。文章介紹了研究過(guò)程，以及相關(guān)人員對(duì)此的看法?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Inastudypublishedrecently,scientistsfoundthatmeanrobotscanhelppeopleconcentrate.可知在最近發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)研究中，科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，刻薄的機(jī)器人可以幫助人們集中精力。由此可知，這項(xiàng)新研究的結(jié)果是不友善的機(jī)器人能使我們集中注意力。故選C?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中Inthiscase,ameter-talltoyrobotcalledaMeccanoidG15KSwasmadetorespondtosevenquestions.Thegoodrobotstoldjokes,spokeaboutfriendship,anddescribedtestsubjectsasnice.Thebadrobotsrepliedtoquestionswithpassiveaggressivecomebacks,suchas"Ienjoydoinganalysisprogramsbutyouwouldnotunderstand"andstatementslike"Idonotvaluefriendship."Thentheparticipantsratedtherobots."Themoreparticipantsthoughttherobotmadethemuncomfortable,thegreatertheimprovementoftheirStroopperformancewas,"theresearcherswrote."Notsurprisingly,thebadrobotwasratedaslesswarm,friendlyandpleasantthanthegoodrobot."可知在這個(gè)案例中，一個(gè)一米高的名為MeccanoidG15KS的玩具機(jī)器人被制造出來(lái)回答七個(gè)問(wèn)題。優(yōu)秀的機(jī)器人會(huì)講笑話，談?wù)撚颜x，并將測(cè)試對(duì)象描述為友好的?！皦臋C(jī)器人”會(huì)用消極主動(dòng)的回答來(lái)回答問(wèn)題，比如“我喜歡做分析程序，但你不會(huì)理解”，或者“我不重視友誼”。然后讓參與者給機(jī)器人打分。研究人員寫(xiě)道：“參與者越覺(jué)得機(jī)器人讓他們感到不舒服，他們Stroop表現(xiàn)的改善就越大?！辈怀鲆饬?，壞機(jī)器人被評(píng)為不如好機(jī)器人熱情、友好和令人愉快。”由此可知，參與者是通過(guò)機(jī)器人的語(yǔ)言來(lái)判斷機(jī)器人的。故選A?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Similartoahuman'spresence,thepresenceofarobotmightnotbeneutral(無(wú)傾向性的)insituationslikeschoolorintheofficewhenyouareworking."NicolasSpatola,oneofthestudyauthorssaidinanemail,"Sobeforeyourbossdecidestointroducearobotinyouroffice,1tcouldbeagoodideatoevaluatehowyoufeelaboutitandhowitcanpositivelyornegativelyimpactyourwork,howcomfortableyoumayfeelwithitorifyoufeelittobeathreat."可知“類似于人類的存在，機(jī)器人的存在在學(xué)?；蜣k公室等情況下，當(dāng)你在工作時(shí)，可能并不中立?！毖芯孔髡咧籒icolasSpatola在一封電子郵件中說(shuō)：“所以，在你的老板決定在你的辦公室里引入一個(gè)機(jī)器人之前，評(píng)估你對(duì)它的感覺(jué)，以及它如何對(duì)你的工作產(chǎn)生積極或消極的影響可能是一個(gè)好主意，你可能會(huì)覺(jué)得它有多舒服，或者你是否覺(jué)得它是一種威脅?！庇纱丝赏浦琋icolasSpatola可能會(huì)同意A選項(xiàng)“使用機(jī)器人時(shí)要小心”的觀點(diǎn)。故選A?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Just58studentsfromUniversityClermontAuvergneinFranceparticipatedintheexperimentbuttheresearchersfoundanincreaseinthespeedofcorrectanswersamongthoseinthepresenceofameanrobotwhencomparedtothosewhowerewithanicerobotoralone.可知法國(guó)克萊蒙特奧弗涅大學(xué)只有58名學(xué)生參與了這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)，但研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，與那些與優(yōu)秀機(jī)器人在一起或單獨(dú)在一起的人相比，那些在刻薄機(jī)器人面前的人答對(duì)問(wèn)題的速度更快。由此可推知，這項(xiàng)研究的缺點(diǎn)是參加者的人數(shù)太少。故選D。【16題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中Inthefuture,robotswillalmostcertainlybecomemoreandmorecommoninnursinghomes,hotelcheck-indesks,behindthewheel,andelsewhere.可知在未來(lái)，機(jī)器人幾乎肯定會(huì)越來(lái)越普遍地出現(xiàn)在養(yǎng)老院、酒店登記臺(tái)、方向盤(pán)后面和其他地方。由此可推知，類人機(jī)器人肯定遲早會(huì)進(jìn)入我們的日常生活。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Whenitcomestohelpingstudentslearnandmature,thereareseveralwaystoincreasetheirwell-being.Althoughyourchildrenmaybesucceedingintheclassroom,thereareafewthingsthatyoustillcando.Encouragingphysicalactivityisthefirstthingyoucando.Moreandmorechildrendonotparticipateinsportsafterschool.It’simportantforyoutoencouragemobilitywithsportsthatareplayedafterclass.Youshouldfindsportingequipment,basketballcourtsandplayareaswherekidscanincreasetheirwell-being.____17____Secondly,youcanprovidepropernutritionforyourchildren.It’simportantforyourchildrentoreceivepropernutritionbothinsideandoutsideofthehome.____18____You’dbettermakeitapointtoprovideenoughnutritionfortheirproperdevelopmentandgrowth.____19____Manyparentsfailtostopchildrenfromusingsmartphonesandcomputers.Therearesomeinstitutionsthatevenencouragetoomuchscreentimeasawaytoteachchildrenorkeepthementertained.Youshouldhelpthechildrenremainexcitedwithoutsittinginfrontofascreenthroughouttheday.Lastbutnottheleast,monitoringbullying（欺凌）isalsoanessentialpart.Bullyingcontinuestoremainacommonprobleminsomeschools,makingitimportantthattheenvironmentthatyourchildrengrowinholdsahighstandard.____20____It’simportanttoexaminetheschoollifeasawholetodeterminewhatfactorsaremissing.____21____.Youmaydeterminehowwelltheyadjusttotheworldaroundthemandsucceedinlife.A.Youshouldprovidekidswithfreshfood.B.Besides,you’dbetterlimittheirscreentime.C.Itwillencouragechildrentofocusontheirstudy.D.Inaddition,tryyourbesttogivethemmorefreedom.E.Thiswillreducetheriskofhealthconditionsthatincludeobesity.F.Youcanadviseteacherstokeepapracticeoflookingforbullying.G.Parentsplayasignificantroleinchildren’sgrowthandwell-being.〖答案〗17.E18.A19.B20.F21.G〖祥解〗這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了有幾種方法，在幫助學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)和成熟方面可以提高他們的幸福感?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)上文〖提示〗“你應(yīng)該找到運(yùn)動(dòng)器材、籃球場(chǎng)和玩耍的地方，在那里孩子們可以提高他們的幸福感?！背薪由衔?，E項(xiàng)Thiswillreducetheriskofhealthconditionsthatincludeobesity.（這將降低包括肥胖在內(nèi)的健康狀況的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。）切題。故選E?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)上文〖提示〗“讓你的孩子在家庭內(nèi)外都得到適當(dāng)?shù)臓I(yíng)養(yǎng)是很重要的?！痹俑鶕?jù)下文〖提示〗“你最好注意為它們的正常發(fā)育和生長(zhǎng)提供足夠的營(yíng)養(yǎng)。”承接上下文，A項(xiàng)Youshouldprovidekidswithfreshfood.（你應(yīng)該給孩子們提供新鮮的食物。）切題。故選A?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)下文〖提示〗“許多家長(zhǎng)未能阻止孩子使用智能手機(jī)和電腦?！背薪酉挛?，B項(xiàng)Besides,you’dbetterlimittheirscreentime.（此外，你最好限制他們使用電子設(shè)備的時(shí)間。）切題。該項(xiàng)中的Besides呼應(yīng)了上文的Secondly。故選B。【20題詳析】根據(jù)上文〖提示〗“在一些學(xué)校里，欺凌仍然是一個(gè)普遍的問(wèn)題，這使得你的孩子成長(zhǎng)的環(huán)境保持高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)變得很重要?！背薪由衔?，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)Youcanadviseteacherstokeepapracticeoflookingforbullying.（你可以建議老師保持尋找欺凌的習(xí)慣。）切題。故選F?！?1題詳析】根據(jù)上文〖提示〗“研究學(xué)校生活是重要的,以確定哪些因素是缺失的?！痹俑鶕?jù)空格下文“你可以決定他們?nèi)绾芜m應(yīng)他們周圍的世界,在生活中取得成功。”承接上下文，G項(xiàng)Parentsplayasignificantroleinchildren’sgrowthandwell-being.（父母在孩子的成長(zhǎng)和幸福中發(fā)揮著重要的作用。）切題。故選G。第二部分英語(yǔ)知識(shí)應(yīng)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共20小題;每小題1.5分，滿分30分)Withinaminute’swalkofmyhousetherewasawildstretchofunspoiledwoodland,wheretherewereblackberryplants,squirrelsandtheiryoung.I____22____walkedinthisparkwithRexafriendly,harmlesslittledog;and___23___werarelymetanyoneinthepark,ItookRexalongwithoutaleash(狗繩).Onedaywemetamountedpolicemaninthepark,apolicemaneagertoshowhis___24___.“Whatdoyoumeanbylettingthatdogrun___25___intheparkwithoutaleashandamuzzle(口套)?”heshoutedatmeangrily.“Don’tyouknowit’sagainstthelaw?”“Yes,Iknowitis,”Irepliedsoftly,“butIdidn’tthinkhewoulddoany___26___outhere.“Youdidn’tthink!Youdidn’tthink!Thelawdoesn’tknowaboutwhatyouthink.Thatdog___27___killasquirrelorbiteachild.Now,I’mgoingto___28___thistime;butifIcatchthisdogouthereagainwithoutaleash,you’llhavetotellittothe____29____.”Ihumbly____30____toobey.AndIdidobeyforafewtimes.ButRexdidn’tlikethemuzzle,andneitherdidI;sowedecidedtotakea_____31_____.Everythingwaslovelyforawhile,andthenwegotinto____32____.RexandIracedoverthehilloneafternoonandthere,suddenlytomy_____33_____Isawthemajestyofthelaw,ridingonahorse.Rexwasoutinafront,headingstraightfortheofficer.Iwasinforit.Iknewit.SoIdidn’t____34____untilthepolicemanstartedtalking,Ibeathimtoit.Isaid:“Officer,you’vecaughtme____35____.I’mguilty.Ihavenoalibis,noexcuses.You____36____melastweekthatifIbroughtthedogouthereagainwithoutamuzzleyouwouldfineme.”“Well,now,”thepolicemanrespondedinasofttone,“Iknowit’sa____37____toletalittledoglikethathavearunoutherewhennobodyisaround.”“Sureitis,”Ireplied,“______38______itisagainstthelaw.”“Well,alittledoglikethatisn’tgoingtoharmanybody,”thepolicemanprotested.“No,buthemaykill_____39_____,”Isaid.“Wellnow,Ithinkyouaretakingthisabittooseriously,”hetoldme.“I’lltellyouwhatyoudo.YoujustlethimrunoverthehilltherewhereIcan’tseehimandwe’llforgetallaboutit.”Thatpoliceman,beinghuman,wantedafeelingof____40____;sowhenIbegantocondemnmyself,theonlywayhecouldnourishhisself-esteemwastotakethekindandgenerousattitudeshowing_____41_____.22.A.seldom B.sometimes C.frequently D.never23.A.when B.since C.if D.while24.A.authority B.force C.magic D.dignity25.A.loose B.freely C.wildly D.quickly26.A.wrong B.damage C.good D.harm27.A.can B.might C.will D.must28.A.giveyouup B.letyouoff C.giveintoyou D.putupwithyou29.A.owner B.policeman C.judge D.children30.A.listened B.promised C.agreed D.kept31.A.change B.chance C.charge D.cheat32.A.trap B.difficulty C.trouble D.shape33.A.disappointment B.surprise C.joy D.regret34.A.wait B.move C.say D.walk35.A.onthescene B.blue-blooded C.inspot D.red-handed36.A.warned B.told C.informed D.taught37.A.appeal B.temptation C.urge D.crime38.A.and B.so C.but D.because39.