河南省洛陽(yáng)市高三英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期第一次統(tǒng)一考試試題（含解析）

河南省洛陽(yáng)市2020屆高三英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期第一次統(tǒng)一考試試題（含解析）注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)等填寫在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每個(gè)小題答案后,用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后,再選涂其它答案標(biāo)號(hào)。回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上,寫在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并上交。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上，錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)朿后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后,你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題°每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.WhatlimeisMathewgoingtobed?A.At900pmB.At9：30pm.C.At1000pm.2.WhoistravellinginChinanow?A.Mary.B.Jenny.C.Mr.Green.3.Whendoesthemanthinktheyshouldstarttheparty?A.Justasplanned.B.Inhalfanhour.C.Wheneverybodyispresent.4.Whatshouldtheneighborstopdoing?A.Playingthepianosolate.B.Stayingupsokite.C.Listeningtomusicsolate.5.Wherearethespeakersmostprobably?A.Atashop.B.Inthepark.C.Inthestreet.第二節(jié)（共15小題海小題1?5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后,各小題將給岀5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Howdoesthewomanliketheman'shair?A.It'stoolong.B.It'sbeautiful.C.It'stooshort.7.Where'sthebarber's?.A.Besidethehotel.B.Oppositethehotel.C.Ontheleftofthehotel.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodothisafternoon?A.Seeafilm.B.Gotothegym.C.Runoutside.9.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Takeataxi.B.Walktothecinema.C.Loseweight.聽第8段材料,回答第10至12題。10.Whowenttothezoo?A.Thewoman'sfather.B.Theman,C.Lily.11.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthelion?A.Cute.B.Scary.C.Beautiful.12.Whichanimalsimpressedthewomanmost?A.Thepanda.B.Thelion.C.Thepeacock.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Howlongwasthewomanabsent?A.Aboutamonth.B.Aboutaweek.C.Aboutayear.14.Whichplacedidthewomanseefirst?A.TheSummerPalace.B.TheForbiddenCity.C.ThePalaceMuseum.15.WhydidthewomanmisstheGreatWall?A.Itwastoolarge.B.Itwasabitfar.C.Shewastootired.16.Whatcanweinferaboutthetwospeakers?A.They'renotChinese.B.They’relearningChinese.C.They'revisitingBeijing.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A.SomerequirementsforamEnglishnewspapereditor.B.ThemanagementoftheschoolEnglishnewspaper.C.ThestandardsofgoodEnglisharticleswrittenbystudents.18.Whatdoesyouneedtodoifyouarehired?AReadEnglisharticlestotheclass.B.ChooseEnglisharticleswrittenbythestudents.C.HoldsomeEnglishpetitionsforthestudents.19.Whatrequirementshouldtheapplicantmeet?A.Goodspeakingability.B.Goodwritingability.C.Beingagraduate.20.Whenwillaninterviewtakeplace?A.OnOctober5th.B.OnOctober10th.C.OnOctober15th.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATeenslovetosocialize,andthesewebsitesgivethemachancetodothatwhileplayinggames,exploringvirtual(虛擬的)worldsandtakingquizzes(測(cè)試).Ofcourse,teensalsoneedtobesafeonlineandreportanycyberbullies(網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌)InstagramInstagramallowsteenstouploadphotosoftheirdailylifeandsharethemfriends.Theysaythatapictureisworthathousandwords,andthatmustbetruebecauseInstagramhasaround300millionuserswhoareactiveeachmonth.Theplatformisallaboutphotoswithshortcaptions(說(shuō)明文字).WhenitestoInstagram'susers,53percentofthemareaged1829,butmostmaybeevenyoungerandsimplylisttheirageas18inordertousetheplatform.HabboHotelHabboHotelisaplaceforteenstochat.Eachteenreceivesapersonalroomtodecoratewithvirtualobjects.Theycanalsodresstheiravatar(網(wǎng)絡(luò)頭像)invirtualclothesorcreategamestoplaywithfriends.Theroommighthavemusic,besetuplikeaclassroom,orhaveotherfeaturessodifferentavatarscanvisitoneanother.Eachroomteenscaninteractinhasanadultmoderator(ttHm)tomakesureitstayssafe.FanlalaFanlalaisasocialnetworkthatgivesteenswholovecelebrities,musicandTVshowsaplacetointeract.Throughit,ausercangetthelatestnewsandgossipontheirfavoriteshows,aswellastakequizzestotesttheirknowledge.Teenscansetuptheirownprofile(t*)onFanlalaandinteractwithotherusers.TeenChatTeenChatisaplaceforteenstointeractwithoneanotherthroughforums(論壇)accordingtotheirinterests.Forexample,therearechatroomsforthosewholoveanime(4082)andforthosewho’vejuststartedcollege.Therearealsochatroomsforthingslikemusic,games,andsports.Theplatformoffersa"FriendFinder"toolthatwillhelpteenssearchforpeoplewholivelocallytothem.1.WhatmakesInstagramdifferentfromothersiteslistedinthetext?A.It'sagreatplaceforpeopletosharephotosB.Themajorityofitsusersareintheir20sC.IthasthelargestnumberofusersD.Onlythoseabove18normallyuseit.2.Whichsiteallowsitsuserstocreatetheirowncharacteranddesignavirtualroomforit?A.Instagram B.HabboHotel.C.Fanlala. D.TeenChat.3.WhatcanyougainfromFanlala'?A.Gameskills. B.Sportsknowledge.C.Animevideos. D.entertainmentnews.4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Tipsononlinechatting B.SitesforsocializingC.Freechatroomsforeveryone. D.Howtofightcyberbullying【答案】1.A2.B3.D4.B【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章為青少年介紹了一些社交網(wǎng)站。青少年喜歡社交，這些網(wǎng)站讓他們有機(jī)會(huì)在玩游戲、探索虛擬世界和做測(cè)試的時(shí)候進(jìn)行社交。當(dāng)然，青少年也需要安全上網(wǎng)，并報(bào)告任何網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)Instagram中Instagramallowsteenstouploadphotosoftheirdailylifeandsharethemfriends.“Instagram允許青少年上傳他們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹恼掌⑴c朋友分享?！笨芍琁nstagram不同于文本中列出的其他網(wǎng)站的是“它是一個(gè)人們分享照片的好地方?！惫蔬xA?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HabboHotel中HabboHotelisaplaceforteenstochat.Eachteenreceivesapersonalroomtodecoratewithvirtualobjects.Theycanalsodresstheiravatar(網(wǎng)絡(luò)頭像)invirtualclothesorcreategamestoplaywithfriends.“HabboHotel是一個(gè)青少年聊天的地方。每個(gè)青少年都有一個(gè)可以用虛擬物品裝飾的私人房間。他們也可以給他們的化身穿上虛擬的衣服，或者創(chuàng)造游戲和朋友們一起玩?！庇纱丝芍琀abboHotel網(wǎng)站允許用戶創(chuàng)建自己的角色并為其設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)虛擬房間。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Fanlala中Fanlalaisasocialnetworkthatgivesteenswholovecelebrities,musicandTVshowsaplacetointeract.Throughit,ausercangetthelatestnewsandgossipontheirfavoriteshows,aswellastakequizzestotesttheirknowledge.“Fanlala是一個(gè)社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)，為喜愛名人、音樂和電視節(jié)目的青少年提供一個(gè)互動(dòng)的地方。通過(guò)它，用戶可以獲得他們最喜歡的節(jié)目的最新新聞和八卦，還可以參加測(cè)驗(yàn)來(lái)測(cè)試他們的知識(shí)?！庇纱丝芍瑥腇anlala你可以得到一些娛樂新聞。故選D?！?題詳解】標(biāo)題判斷題。根據(jù)第一段Teenslovetosocialize,andthesewebsitesgivethemachancetodothatwhileplayinggames,exploringvirtual(虛擬的)worldsandtakingquizzes(測(cè)試).Ofcourse,teensalsoneedtobesafeonlineandreportanycyberbullies(網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌)“青少年喜歡社交，這些網(wǎng)站讓他們有機(jī)會(huì)在玩游戲、探索虛擬世界和做測(cè)試的時(shí)候進(jìn)行社交。當(dāng)然，青少年也需要安全上網(wǎng)，并報(bào)告任何網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌?！笨芍@篇文章為青少年介紹了一些社交網(wǎng)站，所以B項(xiàng)Sitesforsocializing為最佳主題。故選B。BProbablyoneofthemostpopulartopicsinsciencefictionofalltimeshasbeentheideaoftimetraveling.WeknowandlovesuchfilmsasH.G.Wells’TheTimeMachine,H.P.Lovecraft’sTheShadowOutofTimeaswellasagreatnumberoffilmsandTVshows:BacktotheFuture,TheButterflyEffect.These,aswellasmanyothers,arededicatedmostlytoonequestion:howcananindividualaffectorevenchangetheirentirelifeinthepresentbymakingevenslightcorrections,intheirownpast?WhenIwasachild,Ioftendreamedaboutaspecialpocketdevicethatwouldallowmeto“save”certainmomentsofmylife.Inthatcase,ifIfailedtodosomething,Icouldalways“l(fā)oad”mylife.IimaginedallthethingsIcoulddoifIhadsuchpower:jumpingfromverytallbuildingswithoutaparachute(and“l(fā)oading”atthelastsecond)andtakingupotherriskyoccupations.Sometimes,Iwouldliketojumpintoatimemachine,gobacktoacoupleofyearsago,andmakemanycorrections.Iwouldwarnmyselfabouttheconsequencesofmymostreckless(不顧后果的)decisions.Iwouldtalktothatlonghairedteenholdinghisfirstcigaretteandtellhim,“Don'tdothat—yearswillpassuntilyoufinallymanagetoquitit.”TherearesomanywarningsIwouldgivetomyselfthatsometimesIthink:wasitreallyIwhodidthisandthat?Havingatimemachineisanamazinglyattractiveidea.Itseemsthathavingonewouldmakelifesomucheasier!Perhaps,itistrue.ButwhatIthinkmoreoftennowisthatlivingwithoutitteachesusresponsibility.Itrytoliveeachdayatthemaximuminordertoregretnothing.Thisisactuallywhatourparentsalwaystrytodowhenwearechildren.Butyouknowwhat?Iamgladthatnotimemachinehasbeeninvented.5.What'sthewriter'smainpurposeofwritingParagraph1?A.Tointroducesomefamousmovies.B.Toraiseaquestionabouttimetravel.C.Toshowthosemoviesareverypopular.D.Toshowthescenesinmoviesmightbeetrue.6.Whatdoesthewritertrytoconveyinthisarticle?A.Unpracticaldreamscanneverberealized.B.Whathappenedinthepastcan'tbechanged.C.Theideaofthetimemachineisreallyacreativeinvention.D.Beingresponsibleforthepresentisbetterthanregretting.7.What'sthewriter'sattitudetowardtheinventionofthetimemachine?A.Objective. B.Supportive.C.Negative. D.Indifferent.【答案】5.B6.D7.C【解析】本文是夾敘夾議文。作者原來(lái)希望通過(guò)時(shí)光機(jī)，可以對(duì)自己的過(guò)去所做的事進(jìn)行改變來(lái)影響甚至改變現(xiàn)在的生活。但現(xiàn)在作者認(rèn)為要盡量把每一天過(guò)得盡善盡美，這樣就不會(huì)有任何遺憾?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句中“…onequestion:howcananindividualaffectorevenchangetheirentirelifeinthepresentbymakingevenslightcorrections,intheirownpast?(……一個(gè)問題：一個(gè)人如何通過(guò)對(duì)自己的過(guò)去做出哪怕是微小的改變來(lái)影響甚至改變他們現(xiàn)在的整個(gè)生活?)”可以推斷，作者在第一段中提出很多關(guān)于時(shí)光旅行的科幻小說(shuō)或電影，是為了引出關(guān)于時(shí)光旅行的問題。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“Itrytoliveeachdayatthemaximuminordertoregretnothing.”作者剛開始認(rèn)為時(shí)光機(jī)是一個(gè)極具吸引力的想法，可以讓生活更容易。但作者現(xiàn)在認(rèn)為沒有時(shí)光機(jī)可以讓我們把每一天過(guò)得盡善盡美，這樣就不會(huì)有任何遺憾。因此可以推斷作者要表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)是：對(duì)現(xiàn)在負(fù)責(zé)總比后悔好。故選D項(xiàng)。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“ButwhatIthinkmoreoftennowisthatlivingwithoutitteachesusresponsibility.Itrytoliveeachdayatthemaximuminordertoregretnothing.”和“Iamgladthatnotimemachinehasbeeninvented.”，作者認(rèn)為沒有時(shí)光機(jī)可以教會(huì)我們責(zé)任感，讓我們盡量把每一天過(guò)得盡善盡美，這樣就不會(huì)有任何遺憾。因此可以推斷作者對(duì)時(shí)光機(jī)持否定的態(tài)度。故選C項(xiàng)。CArthurPhillipHighSchool,locatedinParramatta,NewSouthWales(NSW),Australia,willbeNSW’sfirstpublichighrisehighschool.Whenitopens,theschoolwillbedifferentfromanythingelsewe’vegotacrossthesystem.Studentswilleatlunchincourtyardsoverlookingcityrooftops,beforecontinuingtheirlessonsinsoundproofedmusicrooms,sciencelabsoratriums(中庭)witheightmetrehighceilings.Thespecialtyrooms,suchassciencelabs,willbeonthetopfloors.Therewillbelargelifts,butstudentswillbeencouragedtousethestairs.Therewillbeagym,aplaygroundandplayspaceoneachfloor.Thebuildingwillberunmorelikeanofficeblockthanatraditionalschool,withaplantroomusedfortheoperationofthesprinklers（灑水裝置）,airconditioningandelevatorsystems.Inaddition,peoplewillbeseencleaningthewindowswhilestudentsarestudying.“We’regoingtohavetogetkidsusedtothat,”saidSylviaCorish,anexecutivedirectorofschoolperformancefortheNSWDepartmentofEducation.“That’sgoingtobeauniqueexperience.”“Thisisaverydifferentconcept,”saidthechiefexecutiveofSchoolInfrastructureNSW,AnthonyManning.“Whileithasbeenchallengingattimes,theendproductisgoingtobereallyamazingandimpressive.”“IamverysurprisedandhappytoseehowcreativethislearningspacewillbeforstudentsintheParramattaregionforyearstoe,”EducationMinisterSarahMitchellsaid.TheHeraldvisitedthenewhighschool,asconstructionoftheambitiousprojectentersitsfinalphaseandstudentsattheoriginalschoolacrosstheroadpreparetobegintestingitsstateoftheartfacilities.Inthenextfewmonths,studentsandteacherswillvisittheschooltohelpensureasmoothtransition（過(guò)渡）.“Itwillbeamatteroftestinghowpeoplecanmovearoundthebuilding,”MrManningsaid.8.How’stheschoolinappearance?A.Itlookslikeanofficebuilding. B.Itislikeatraditionalschool.C.It’ssurroundedbygreenplants. D.Itconsistsofdifferentbuildings.9.HowdidSarahMitchelfeelaboutthenewschool?A.Amazedandimpressed. B.Surprisedanddoubtful.C.Delightedandastonished. D.Happyandsatisfied.10.Whichmightbeachallenge?A.Movingtheoriginalschoolfromacrosstheroad.B.Gettingthestudentsaccustomedtothenewsituation.C.Providingthestudentswithmorespaceforstudying.D.Encouragingthestudentstousethestairsinsteadofthelift.11.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.NSW’sFirstPublicHighriseHighSchoolB.ANewSchoolthatOverlookCityRoofsC.TheConstructionandSystemofaNewSchoolD.AUniqueExperienceforHighSchoolStudents【答案】8.A9.C10.B11.A【解析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要介紹了位于澳大利亞新南威爾士州Parramatta的ArthurPhillip高中將成為新南威爾士州的第一所公立高層高中，其先進(jìn)的設(shè)施，有創(chuàng)意的學(xué)習(xí)空間得到各方的認(rèn)同，但同時(shí)也在等待著最后的驗(yàn)收：學(xué)生和老師的平穩(wěn)過(guò)渡?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段內(nèi)容“Thebuildingwillberunmorelikeanofficeblockthanatraditionalschool,withaplantroomusedfortheoperationofthesprinklers,airconditioningandelevatorsystems.Inaddition,peoplewillbeseencleaningthewindowswhilestudentsarestudying.(該建筑將更像一個(gè)辦公大樓，而不是傳統(tǒng)的學(xué)校，有一個(gè)機(jī)房用來(lái)操作灑水系統(tǒng)、空調(diào)和電梯系統(tǒng)。此外，當(dāng)學(xué)生們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)時(shí)，會(huì)看到有人在擦窗戶。)”可知該學(xué)校看起來(lái)更像一個(gè)辦公大樓而不是傳統(tǒng)的學(xué)校。故選A項(xiàng)。【9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第六段內(nèi)容：IamverysurprisedandhappytoseehowcreativethislearningspacewillbeforstudentsintheParramattaregionforyearstoe,”EducationMinisterSarahMitchellsaid.(教育部長(zhǎng)薩拉·米切爾說(shuō):“我很驚訝，也很高興看到這個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)空間在未來(lái)幾年里將為帕拉馬塔地區(qū)的學(xué)生提供那么有創(chuàng)意的學(xué)習(xí)空間。”)可知SarahMitchel對(duì)這間學(xué)校提供的有創(chuàng)意的學(xué)習(xí)空間感到驚訝和高興。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章末尾內(nèi)容：TheHeraldvisitedthenewhighschool,asconstructionoftheambitiousprojectentersitsfinalphaseandstudentsattheoriginalschoolacrosstheroadpreparetobegintestingitsstateoftheartfacilities.Inthenextfewmonths,studentsandteacherswillvisittheschooltohelpensureasmoothtransition.“Itwillbeamatteroftestinghowpeoplecanmovearoundthebuilding,”MrManningsaid.(《先驅(qū)報(bào)》參觀了新高中，這個(gè)雄心勃勃的項(xiàng)目已進(jìn)入最后階段，路對(duì)面的原學(xué)校的學(xué)生正準(zhǔn)備開始測(cè)試其最先進(jìn)的設(shè)施。在接下來(lái)的幾個(gè)月里，學(xué)生和老師將參觀學(xué)校，以確保平穩(wěn)過(guò)渡?！斑@將是一個(gè)測(cè)試人們?nèi)绾卧诮ㄖ?nèi)移動(dòng)的問題，”曼寧表示。)可知，讓學(xué)生和老師平穩(wěn)過(guò)渡到這所新學(xué)校將會(huì)花上幾個(gè)月時(shí)間，這是最大的挑戰(zhàn)。選項(xiàng)B“Gettingthestudentsaccustomedtothenewsituation.(讓學(xué)生適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境。)”為合理論述。故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章體裁為新聞報(bào)道，可知第一段提出了文章的中心話題“ArthurPhillipHighSchool,locatedinParramatta,NewSouthWales(NSW),Australia,willbeNSW’sfirstpublichighrisehighschool.Whenitopens,theschoolwillbedifferentfromanythingelsewe’vegotacrossthesystem.(位于澳大利亞新南威爾士州Parramatta的ArthurPhillip高中將成為新南威爾士州的第一所公立高層高中。當(dāng)它開放的時(shí)候，學(xué)校將不同于我們整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的任何其他東西。)”可知，本文主要介紹了這所公立高層高中。選項(xiàng)A“NSW’sFirstPublicHighriseHighSchool”合理概括主旨要義。故選A項(xiàng)。DAglobalgroupofscientistshavereducedthetimeittakestofindandintroducediseaseresistancegenesfromwildplantsintodomesticcropssuchasrice,wheatandpotato,aresearchrevealedonTuesday.ScientistsfromtheJohnInnesCenterinBritain,alongwithcolleaguesfromAustraliaandtheUnitedStates,havecreatedadatabaseknownasAgRenSeq,whereresearcherscaneasilysearchforresistancegenesalreadydiscoveredinwildrelativesofmoderncrops.ThestudywascoauthoredbyaglobalexpertProfessorHarbansBarianafromtheUniversityofSydney,whosaidthatthistechnologywillsupportthediscoveryandcharacterizationofnewsourcesofdiseaseresistanceinplants.OnceresearchershaveidentifiedresistancegenesusingAgRenSeq,theycanclonethemandintroducethemtodomesticcropstoprotectagainstdiseasesandpests,“Wehavefoundawaytoscanthegenome(基因組)ofawildrelativeofacropplantandpickouttheresistancegenesweneedandwecandoitinrecordtime,”Dr.BrandeWulff,aprojectleaderfromtheJohnInnesCentre,said.“Thisusedtobeaprocessthattookl0Or15yearsandwaslikesearchingforaneedleinahaystack(干草堆),”Wulffsaid.“Wehaveperfectedthemethodsothatwecanclonethesegenesinamatterofmonthsandforjustthousandsofdollarsinsteadofmillions.”Theteamarehighlyoptimisticabouttheirwork,predictingittobeutilizedinprotectingmanycropswithwildrelativesincludingsoybeans,pea,cotton,potato,wheat,rice,bananaandcocoa.“Usingspeedcloningandspeedbreedingwecoulddeliverresistancegenesintothebestvarietieswithinacoupleofyears,likeaphoenix(鳳凰)risingfromtheashes,”Wulffadded.12.Howhavetheresearchersdevelopedtheresistancegenes?A.Byreducingtheresearchtime.B.Byintroducingthemtowildplants.C.Bycloningthemfromdomesticcrops.D.Bygettingresistancegenesfromwildplants.13.Whatwillbetheuseofthestudyinthefuture?A.Itwillprotectcropsfrombeingdamagedbypests.B.Itwillcreateadatabaseforresearcherstosearch.C.Itwillprotectdomesticcropsfor10to15years.D.Itwillcontributetoreducingthewildplants.14.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“utilized”underlinedinParagraph6?A.Produced. B.Made.C.Used. D.Studied.15.WhatcanweinferfromwhatBrandeWulffsaid?A.Theresistancegenescostmillionsofdollars.B.Theresistancegeneswerefoundinahaystack.C.Ittooktheresearcherstenyearstofindtheresistancegenes.D.Diseaseresistancegeneswillbeputintopracticesoon.【答案】12.D13.A14.C15.D【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了抗病基因。科學(xué)家們從野生植物中獲取抗病基因，并創(chuàng)造了數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)AgRenSeq，以識(shí)別抗病基因，并借此克隆基因，講抗病基因引入農(nóng)作物，以防止疾病和害蟲破壞。12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段內(nèi)容“Aglobalgroupofscientistshavereducedthetimeittakestofindandintroducediseaseresistancegenesfromwildplantsintodomesticcropssuchasrice,wheatandpotato,aresearchrevealedonTuesday.(本周二公布的一項(xiàng)研究顯示，一組全球科學(xué)家已經(jīng)縮短了從野生植物中發(fā)現(xiàn)抗病基因并將其引入水稻、小麥和土豆等國(guó)內(nèi)作物的時(shí)間。)”可知抗病基因從野生植物中獲得。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段內(nèi)容“OnceresearchershaveidentifiedresistancegenesusingAgRenSeq,theycanclonethemandintroducethemtodomesticcropstoprotectagainstdiseasesandpests(一旦研究人員利用AgRenSeq鑒定出抗病基因，他們就可以克隆這些基因，并將其引入農(nóng)作物中，以抵御病蟲害)”可知，研究將會(huì)防止農(nóng)作物被害蟲破壞。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞所在部分的前半句“Theteamarehighlyoptimisticabouttheirwork”可知，該團(tuán)隊(duì)對(duì)他們的工作表示高度樂觀，因此后半句應(yīng)在表達(dá)他們期待的結(jié)果“predictingittobeutilizedinprotectingmanycropswithwildrelativesincludingsoybeans,pea,cotton,potato,wheat,rice,bananaandcocoa.”由前文第三段末尾可知其期待的結(jié)果即目的為“OnceresearchershaveidentifiedresistancegenesusingAgRenSeq,theycanclonethemandintroducethemtodomesticcropstoprotectagainstdiseasesandpests(一旦研究人員利用AgRenSeq鑒定出抗病基因，他們就可以克隆這些基因，并將其引入農(nóng)作物中，以抵御病蟲害)”，因此可知，劃線單詞utilized應(yīng)與該句中的introduce表達(dá)含義相同，為“投入；使用”含義。故選C項(xiàng)。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章末尾內(nèi)容：“Usingspeedcloningandspeedbreedingwecoulddeliverresistancegenesintothebestvarietieswithinacoupleofyears,likeaphoenixrisingfromtheashes,”Wulffadded.(“通過(guò)快速克隆和快速育種，我們可以在幾年內(nèi)將抗性基因?qū)胱罴哑贩N，就像鳳凰涅槃，”武爾夫補(bǔ)充說(shuō)。)可知抗病基因不久之后將會(huì)投入實(shí)踐。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余VitaminDisnecessaryforbonebuilding,immunefunction,bloodsugarcontrol,positivemoodandmore.___16___TheloweryourvitaminDlevelis,thehigheryourriskofdeathfromallycausewillbe.However,it’snotagreatideatojusttakeasupplement(補(bǔ)品)offthedrugstoreshelfandstarttakingit.SincemanyofushaveaninadequateamountvitaminD,alsoknownasthe“sunshinevitamin”,doctorswilloftengiveushighlevelsofDsupplements,withdosesrangingfrom2,000to10,000IU(InternationalUnits)perday,upto50,000IUperweekandsometimesevenmore.___17___Verybigdoses(劑量)ofvitaminDcancauseabuildupofcalcium(鈣)intheblood,whichleadstopoorappetite,weakness,weightlossorotherdiseases.Here’sthebiggerissue:___18___AbuildupofstoredvitaminDcartcauseavoidableproblems,leadingtoproblemssuchaskidneystones.___19___TheNationalInstitutesofHealthsettheRemendedDietaryAllowanceforvitaminDat600IUdailyforbabies,children,andadultsupto70yearsold.Adultsaged71andolderneed800IU,sincetheabilitytoabsorbvitaminDdropswithage.BecausethefatcellstakevitaminDup,makingitlessavailableforusebytilebody,___20___Thoughyou’llgetabitofvitaminDfromfoods—includingfattyfish,beefliver,cheese,milkandsoon—theamountsaresosmallthatthere’slittleneedtoworrythatthey’llputyouoverthedailydose.A.Itcanhelppreventmanydiseases.B.Wecanactuallyreducetheriskofdeath.C.peoplewhoarefatmayalsoneedmorevitaminD.anyextraintakeofvitaminDcangetstoredinthebody.E.Butlikeallgoodthings,it’spossibletogettoomuchofit.FTheaveragedailyremendedamountsvarybasedonyourage.G.VitaminDshouldbesupplementedcarefullydespiteitsimportance.【答案】16.A17.E18.D19.F20.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了作為對(duì)于人體的積極作用的維生素D在過(guò)量服用后反而會(huì)給身體帶來(lái)負(fù)擔(dān)和傷害，從而警示人們要按照年齡和體質(zhì)不同而適量服用?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)前一句“VitaminDisnecessaryforbonebuilding,immunefunction,bloodsugarcontrol,positivemoodandmore.(維生素D對(duì)骨骼發(fā)育、免疫功能、血糖控制、積極情緒等都是必要的。)”可知，前一句在講維生素D的積極作用，且后文“TheloweryourvitaminDlevelis,thehigheryourriskofdeathfromanycausewillbe.(你的維生素D水平越低，你因任何原因死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)就越高。)”講述了缺乏維生素D帶來(lái)的疾病死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，因此可推知，設(shè)空句承前啟后既要講到其對(duì)身體的益處，也要講到其對(duì)抗疾病的作用。選項(xiàng)A“Itcanhelppreventmanydiseases.(它可以幫助預(yù)防許多疾病。)”符合語(yǔ)境分析。故選A項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)后一句“VerybigdosesofvitaminDcancauseabuildupofcalciumintheblood,whichleadstopoorappetite,weakness,weightlossorotherdiseases.(大劑量的維生素D會(huì)導(dǎo)致血液中鈣的積聚，從而導(dǎo)致食欲不振、虛弱、體重下降或其他疾病。)”可知，該部分在闡述過(guò)量服用維生素D的具體后果，因此設(shè)空句應(yīng)提到其“過(guò)猶不及”。選項(xiàng)E“Butlikeallgoodthings,it’spossibletogettoomuchofit.(但就像所有的好東西一樣，我們可能服用量太大而不能得到其益處)?！敝v述了“過(guò)猶不及”。故選E項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)后一句“AbuildupofstoredvitaminDcartcauseavoidableproblems,leadingtoproblemssuchaskidneystones.(儲(chǔ)存的維生素D會(huì)導(dǎo)致一些本可避免的問題，如腎結(jié)石。)”可知，這里舉例說(shuō)明了儲(chǔ)存在體內(nèi)的維生素D會(huì)導(dǎo)致疾病，因此設(shè)空句應(yīng)是提及維生素D的儲(chǔ)存性。選項(xiàng)D“anyextraintakeofvitaminDcangetstoredinthebody.(任何額外攝入的維生素D都會(huì)儲(chǔ)存在體內(nèi)。)”符合語(yǔ)境分析，且句中的stored與后一句中的“stored”屬于詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)原則。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)后文“TheNationalInstitutesofHealthsettheRemendedDietaryAllowanceforvitaminDat600IUdailyforbabies,children,andadultsupto70yearsold.Adultsaged71andolderneed800IU,sincetheabilitytoabsorbvitaminDdropswithage.”提及了不同年齡對(duì)于維生素D的需求。因此，設(shè)空句作為段首句，應(yīng)是主題句，點(diǎn)明主題：不同年齡需求量的不同（Theaveragedailyremendedamountsvarybasedonyourage.）。故選F項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)前一句“BecausethefatcellstakevitaminDup,makingitlessavailableforusebytilebody(因?yàn)橹炯?xì)胞吸收維生素D，使之不能被身體利用)”可知該句講述了“肥胖”人士反而缺乏維生素D的原因，因此設(shè)空句對(duì)此總結(jié)：“肥胖”人士可能需要更多的維生素D（peoplewhoarefatmayalsoneedmorevitamin）。故選C

項(xiàng)?！军c(diǎn)睛】七選五技巧之篇章結(jié)構(gòu)顯神通篇章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)或段落的語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)通常是主題句（總）+支撐句（分）。支撐句分述主題的具體內(nèi)容，說(shuō)明其原因或舉例證明等。有的題利用文章或段落的“總分”結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)解題也很管用。比如文章第4小題：___4___TheNationalInstitutesofHealthsettheRemendedDietaryAllowanceforvitaminDat600IUdailyforbabies,children,andadultsupto70yearsold.Adultsaged71andolderneed800IU,sincetheabilitytoabsorbvitaminDdropswithage.根據(jù)位置判斷設(shè)空句應(yīng)是本段主題中心句。結(jié)合后文內(nèi)容分述了主題的具體內(nèi)容：年齡，攝入量。因此可以用選項(xiàng)F“Theaveragedailyremendedamountsvarybasedonyourage.”來(lái)概括分述內(nèi)容，作為“總”。因此答案為F項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)（共20小題;每小題1?5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Lastweek,athingoccurredintheclassroomofa4thgradeatChinoValleyUnifiedSchool.ItwasAutism（自閉癥）AwarenessMonthandevery___21___hadbeenaskedtohaveeachstudent___22___apaperpuzzlepieceandhangitontheirclassroomdoors.WhenMs.LisaMoe___23___thepuzzlepieces,mostofherstudentswerefamiliarwiththe___24___ofautismandtheywere___25___ofthereasonfordoingso.However,theydidnotknowautismwas___26___withintheirownclassroomintheir___27___classmate:Jackie.With___28___,Jackieraisedhishandandsaid,"MayIpleasesaysomething?"Moenoddedbutnevercouldshehaveimaginedwhatwasto___29___Sheexplainedinablogpost:"Jackiehas____30____challengesandbarriersbeyondwhatanyofuswilleverbeabletofully____31____.Buttoday,hestoodinthefrontoftheclassroomwithfull____32____andshowedusthatnochallengeorbarriercan____33____.Hebroughttolifethemeaningof‘Yes,ICan’!"Boththeteacherandstudentswerehangingonhiseveryword.Fora(n)____34____time,Moeneverthoughtofgettingoutherphoneto____35____thismoment,butfinallyshe____36____it.Withoutanyofthestudentsknowing,sherecordedthe____37____momentsofJackie’s,alongwiththe____38____oftheotherstudentsastheyraisedtheirhandstoaskquestions.Jackie'smotherwas____39____bythevideoandtoldMoe"WatchingJackiesobravelyspeakaboutautismisbeyondwhatIcan____40____express.Thankyou!”21.A.school B.family C.classroom D.court22.A.decorate B.still C.wind D.cast23.A.handedin B.handedout C.handedover D.handedup24.A.views B.thoughts C.belief D.idea25.A.capable B.afraid C.guilty D.aware26.A.shy B.present C.hidden D.clear27.A.fellow B.new C.humorous D.single28.A.disappointment B.surprise C.excitement D.anxiety29.A.tolerate B.spread C.construct D.follow30.A.created B.doubted C.faced D.launched31.A.express B.plete C.understand D.explain32.A.ambition B.confidence C.strength D.power33.A.holdhimback B.givehimup C.sethimapart D.keephimaway34.A.certain B.long C.instant D.rapid35.A.remember B.sculpture C.recall D.shoot36.A.realized B.reminded C.put D.got37.A.beginning B.unexpected C.unfortunate D.final38.A.suggestions B.responses C.reactions D.applauds39.A.scared B.thrilled C.shocked D.ashamed40.A.properly B.patiently C.carefully D.attentively【答案】21.C22.A23.B24.D25.D26.B27.A28.C29.D30.C31.C32.B33.A34.B35.D36.A37.D38.C39.B40.A【解析】本文是記敘文。曾經(jīng)患有自閉癥的杰基在同學(xué)面前勇敢地講述自己的經(jīng)歷，引起了同學(xué)激烈的反應(yīng)。莫伊老師拍攝了這些時(shí)刻，并發(fā)送到博客上?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這是自閉癥宣傳月，要求每個(gè)教室里每個(gè)學(xué)生裝飾一張紙拼圖，并將它掛在教室門上。A.school學(xué)校；B.family家庭；C.classroom教室；D.court法庭。根據(jù)上文“athingoccurredintheclassroomofa4thgrade”可知，故事發(fā)生在教室里。故選C項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這是自閉癥宣傳月，要求每個(gè)教室里每個(gè)學(xué)生裝飾一張紙拼圖，并將它掛在教室門上。A.decorate裝飾；B.still使靜止不動(dòng)；C.wind纏繞；D.cast投擲，拋。此處應(yīng)該是孩子們需要將拼圖裝飾起來(lái)，然后掛起來(lái)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：當(dāng)麗莎·莫伊老師分發(fā)拼圖的時(shí)候，她的大部分學(xué)生對(duì)自閉癥的概念都很熟悉，他們也知道這樣做的原因。A.handedin上交；B.handedout分發(fā)；C.handedover移交；D.handedup舉手。老師把拼圖分發(fā)給孩子們，讓孩子們按要求去做。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)麗莎·莫伊老師分發(fā)拼圖的時(shí)候，她的大部分學(xué)生對(duì)自閉癥的概念都很熟悉，他們也知道這樣做的原因。A.views觀點(diǎn)；B.thoughts想法；C.belief相信，信仰；D.idea概念。根據(jù)上文“ItwasAutism（自閉癥）AwarenessMonth”，因?yàn)槭亲蚤]癥宣傳月，因此可以推斷大部分學(xué)生對(duì)什么是自閉癥很了解。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)麗莎·莫伊老師分發(fā)拼圖的時(shí)候，她的大部分學(xué)生對(duì)自閉癥的概念都很熟悉，他們也知道這樣做的原因。A.capable有能力的；B.afraid害怕的；C.guilty內(nèi)疚的；D.aware意識(shí)到的，知道的。根據(jù)“mostofherstudentswerefamiliarwiththe4ofautism”可以推斷，他們知道為什么要裝飾拼圖并掛起來(lái)。故選D項(xiàng)。【26題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但是他們并不知道自閉癥存在于他們自己的教室里，在他們的同學(xué)杰基身上。A.shy害羞的；B.present存在的，出席的，到場(chǎng)的；C.hidden隱藏的；D.clear清晰的。短語(yǔ)bepresent“存在于”。根據(jù)however推知,他們不知道同學(xué)杰基就患有自閉癥。故選B項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但是他們并不知道自閉癥存在于他們自己的教室里，在他們的同學(xué)杰基身上。A.fellow同伴的；B.new新的；C.humorous幽默的；D.single單身的。短語(yǔ)fellowclass