初中英語語法-賓語定語狀語從句-講解 練習(xí)

中考英語賓語從句考點(diǎn)掃描

一，引導(dǎo)詞

A,由that引導(dǎo)的陳述句性的賓語從句，在很多動詞如say,think,wish,

hope,see,believe,agree,expect,hear,feel等動詞后。連詞that

只起連接作用，在從句中不做句子的成分，也無詞匯意義，在口語中常被省略，

但在大多數(shù)情況下還是以不省為好，特別是在筆語中。

例：Itoldhimthathewaswrong.

1在think,believe,suppose,expect等動詞引起的賓語從句中，有時(shí)謂語

盡管是否定意義，卻不用否定形式，而將think等動詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问健?/p>

例：Idon'tthinkyouareright.（我認(rèn)為你做的不對）

1在許多帶有復(fù)合賓語的句子中，that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句經(jīng)常移到句子的后面，而

用it做形式賓語。

例：Wethinkitwrongthathetoldalietoeveryone（我認(rèn)為他向每一個(gè)

人撒謊是錯(cuò)誤的）

B,由連詞if、whether引導(dǎo)的表示是否的賓語從句。Whether,if在從句中

不做句子的成分，一般情況下，whether和if可以替換。

例：Idon'tknowif/whetherhewillcometomorrow.

Theteacheraskedif/whetherwehadfinishedtheexperiment.

1在介詞后面的賓語從句中不用if引導(dǎo)

例：Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoneyo

1賓語從句中有ornot時(shí)不用if引導(dǎo).

例：Idon,tknowwhetherthemoviestarwillcomeornot.

1和不定式連用作賓語時(shí)不用if引導(dǎo).

例：Whethertogothereornothasn'tbeendecided.

C,由wh-引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which,和連

接副詞when,where,why,how等連接的賓語從句，它們在句中即有連接從

句的作用，又在句中充當(dāng)句子的成分。

例：Doyouknowwhichfilmtheyaretalkingabout?（which做定語）

Idon'tknowwherehelives,（where做地點(diǎn)狀語）

二，賓語從句的語序

賓語從句的語序必須是陳述語序，既連接詞+主語+謂語+其他成分

例：Ibelievethattheywillcomesoon.

HeaskedmewhetherIwasateacher.

Theywantedtoknowwhattheycandoforus.

三，賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)。

賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)受主句的限制，即：主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而

定。主句是一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句用相應(yīng)的過去的時(shí)態(tài)。如果從句的動作發(fā)生在主

句之前，則從句要用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。例：

1)Shesaysthatsheisastudent.

Shesaidthatshewasastudent.

2)ShesaysthatshewillflytoJapaninaweek.

ShesaidthatshewouldflytoJapaninaweek.

3)Shesaysthatshehasfinishedherhomeworkalready.

Shesaidthatshehadfinishedherhomeworkalready.

4)ShesaysthatshecansingasonginEnglish.

ShesaidthatshecouldsingasonginEnglish.

如果賓語從句說的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象或事實(shí)時(shí)，這時(shí)賓語從句要用一般現(xiàn)在

時(shí)態(tài)。

例：Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.

HetoldmethatJapanisanislandcountry.

Couldyoutellme是用來征詢對方的意見，語氣委婉，并不表示過去。

例：CouldyoutellmewhenwewillvisittheHistoryMuseum?

注意事項(xiàng)：

由陳述句變成賓語從句時(shí)，要注意人稱的變化。

例：Shesaid:IhavebeentoEnglandbefore.

ShesaidthatshehadbeentoEnglandbefore.

Sheaskedme:Doyoulikemaths?

SheaskedmeifIlikedmaths.

賓語從句與簡單句的交換。

由連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，如果賓語從句的主語和主句的主語是同

一個(gè)人時(shí)，可以用疑問詞+不定式做賓語的簡單句結(jié)構(gòu)。

例：Idon'tknowwhatIshoulddonext.

Icon'tknowwhattodonext.

Hedidn'tknowwherehewouldlive.

Hedidn'tknowwhere

中考英語定語從句考點(diǎn)掃描

在主從復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)定語的句子是定語從句，它在句中彳修飾名詞或代詞。

定語從句一般由關(guān)系代詞that,which,who(m),whose和關(guān)系副詞when,where,

why等引導(dǎo)。被定語從句修飾的詞叫做先行詞。定語從句通常放在先行詞的后

面作后置定語。在中考試題中，主要考查引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。

一、一般情況下，當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，用that,who或whom引導(dǎo)。如：

Iknowtheyoungmanthat/whoisreadingunderthetree.我認(rèn)識在

樹下讀書的那個(gè)年輕人。

ThegirlwhomyoutaIkedaboutamomentagoismydaughter.你們

剛才談?wù)摰呐⑹俏业呐畠骸?/p>

【溫馨提示】

當(dāng)指人的先行詞后有介詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞不用that,而要用whom。如：

JimisthepersonforwhomyouareIooking.吉姆是你在尋找的人。

二、當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)，用which或that引導(dǎo)。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語

時(shí)?？墒÷?。如：

Givemethepenthat/whichisonthedesk.把桌子上的鋼筆給我。

【溫馨提示】

一）當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)只能用that而不能用which的幾種常見情況：

1.先行詞為all,anything,everything,nothing,much,none,IittIe

等不定代詞時(shí)。如：

Thereisnothingthatcanstophimfromdoingit.沒有什么能阻止

他做這件事。

2.先行詞前有l(wèi)ast,next,only,very及序數(shù)詞、最高級等修飾時(shí)。如：

ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatwasshownIastweek.這是

上周所放映的影片中最有

趣的一部。

TheonIythingthattheycandoistowait.他們唯一■能做的事就是

等待。

3.先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或最高級等修飾時(shí)。如：

Thisisthesecondcomputerthatfatherhasjustbought.這是爸爸

剛剛買的第二臺電腦。

Thisistheverypen（that）youboughtyesterday.這正是你昨天買

的筆。

4.當(dāng)先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。如：

Sallyistalkingaboutthewriterandhisbookthatiinterestsher.

薩麗在談?wù)撨@位作家及能使

她感興趣的這位作家的書。

5.當(dāng)主語是who的疑問句。如：

Whoistheboythatisplayingcomputergames?在玩電腦游戲的男孩

是誰？

二）當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)，只能用which而不能用that的場合

1.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)。如：

ThisisthehouseinwhichTomonceIived.這是湯姆曾經(jīng)住過的房子。

2.在非限定性定語從句（即通常用逗號與主句隔開，如果去掉逗號，整個(gè)

句子仍能表達(dá)完整的意義的定語從句）中。如：

TheyaretalkingabouttheTVpIay,whichtheysawIastnight.他

們正在談?wù)撟蛲砜吹碾娨晞　?/p>

三、whose在定語從句中作定語，修飾它后面的名詞。如：

DoyouknowthegirlwhosenameisLily?你認(rèn)識名叫莉莉的女孩嗎？

四、當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞在句中作狀語時(shí)，應(yīng)用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系副詞。表示時(shí)間用when,

表示地點(diǎn)用where,表示原因用why。但這些關(guān)系副詞通常可轉(zhuǎn)換成“介詞+關(guān)

系代詞”形式。如：

ThehoteIwhere/atwhichthevisitorsarestayingisveryexpensive.這

些參觀者呆的旅館很貴。

2008年中考定語從句真題精選

1.DoyouknowthescientistgaveusataIkjustnow?（天津市）

A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whose

2.Thisisthedictionary_______Mumgavemeformybirthday.（河北

?。?/p>

A.whichB.whatC.whoseD.whom

3.ShaoIinTempIe_______IiesinthewestofZhengzhouweIcomesthe

visitorsbothathomeandabroad.（河南?。?/p>

A.whereB.whichC.whoD.what

4.一Doyouknowthegirlisstandingunderthetree?

一SheismyIittIesister.（福州市）

A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.which

5.Thisisthequestionwearetalkingaboutnow.（吉林?。?/p>

A.thatB.whoC.whereD.when

6.一Whatareyoulookingfor?

一IamIookingforthebookIboughtyesterday.（長沙市）

A.whoB.whichC.whose

7.Jack,thereissomeoneintheofficewouIdIiketospeakwith

you.（廈門市）

A.whoB.whichC.whom

8.Ifabagisfilledwithbooksandpens,itmustbeIongtosomeone

workshard.（臨沂市）

A.whichB./C.whomD.who

9.ManyyoungpeopIepreferthesongshavegreatIyrics.（泰

安市）

A.whichB.whoC.whereD.whom

10.Eventeacherscan'tunderstandsomeexpressionstheir

studentsuseindailyIife.（紹興市）

A.whoseB.whoC.thatD.whom

11.Beijingisthe29thcityhoIdsthe01ympicGames.（蕪湖市）

A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what

12.HaveyoureadthebookIgaveyouyesterday?（茂名市）

A.thatB.whenC.where

13.ThemancametoourpartywithapresentismyoIdfriend.

（茂名市）

A.whenB.whichC.what

14.IIikewriterswriteshortstories.（襄樊市）

A.whichB.whatC.whomD.who

15.一TherearemanyvoIunteersarehelpingthechiIdrenin

Sichuan.

一AndmostofthemarecoIIegestudents.（咸寧市）

A.whichB.whenC.whoseD.who

16.WeknowJackieChanmoviesareverypopuIarwiththeyoung.

（恩施自治州）

A.whoseB.thatC.whoD.which

17.TheboyItaIkedwithjustnowismybestfriend.（南充市）

A.whoB.whichC.where

18.一WhatkindofmusicdoyouIike?

一IIikemusicIcansingaIongwith.（自貢市）

A.whoB.thatC.what

19.HeistheonIystudentpIaystabIetennisbetterthanJim.

（南寧市）

A.whyB.whereC.whoD.which

20.一ThedutyofProjectHopeistoheIppoorchiIdren,isn'tit?

一Yes,ithasbuiltmanyschooIsthosechiIdrencanstudy

happily.（哈爾濱市）

A.whereB.whenC.which

附：2008年中考定語從句真題精選答案

1—5AABAA6—10BADAC11—15BACDD16—20AABCA

中考英語定語從句考點(diǎn)掃描

由從句擔(dān)任的狀語，在句子中可修飾謂語（或其它動詞）、形容詞、副詞或是整個(gè)句子，它

可以用來表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方式、比較、讓步等。狀語從句是一

較大的語法項(xiàng)目，也是近幾年高考題中常見的一個(gè)重要試點(diǎn)。高考中已考查了時(shí)間、讓步、

地點(diǎn)、條件、目的等狀語從句，這些從句仍是今后高考熱點(diǎn)，應(yīng)作充分準(zhǔn)備。同時(shí)對方式狀

語從句也應(yīng)引起重視。

（一）時(shí)間狀語從句

表示時(shí)間的狀語從句可由when,as,while,whenever,after,before,till（until）,since,once,

assoonas（或themoment）,bythetime,nosooner...than,hardly（scarcely）...when,

everytime等弓【導(dǎo)。

e.g.WhenIcameintotheoffice,theteacherswerehavingameeting.

Hestartedassoonashereceivedthenews.

Onceyouseehim,youwillneverforgethim.

NosoonerhadIgonetobedthanIwenttosleep.

（二）原因狀語從句

原因狀語從句是表示原因或理由的，引導(dǎo)這類從句的最常用的連詞是because,since,as,

nowthat（既然）等,for表示因果關(guān)系時(shí)（它引導(dǎo)的不是從句）為并列連詞，語氣不如because

強(qiáng)。

e.g.Heisdisappointedbecausehedidn'tgettheposition.

Asitisraining,Iwillnotgoout.

Nowthatyoumentionit,Idoremember.

（三）地點(diǎn)狀語從句

引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的連詞是where和wherever等。

e.g.Sitwhereveryoulike.

Makeamarkwhereyouhaveaquestion.

（四）目的狀語從句

引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句最常用的詞（組）是so,sothat（從句謂語常有情態(tài)動詞），inorderthat,

incase（以防，以免）等。

e.g.Speakclearly,sothattheymayunderstandyou.

ShehasboughtthebookinorderthatshecouldfollowtheTVlessons.

Heleftearlyincaseheshouldmissthetrain.

（五）結(jié)果狀語從句

結(jié)果狀語從句是表示事態(tài)結(jié)果的從句，通常主句是原因，從句是結(jié)果。由s。that（從句謂

語一般沒有情態(tài)動詞）,so...that,such...that等引導(dǎo)。

e.g.Shewasill,sothatshedidn'tattendthemeeting.

Hewassoexcitedthathecouldnotsayaword.

Sheissuchagoodteacherthateveryoneadmiresher.

（六）條件狀語從句

條件狀語從句分真實(shí)性（有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情）與非真實(shí)性（條件與事實(shí)相反或者在說話者看

來不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情）條件句。引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的詞（組）主要有if,unless,so（as）long

as,onconditionthat,so（as）faras,ifonly（=if）o注意：條件從句中的if不能用whether

替換。

e.g.Ifheisnotintheoffice,hemustbeoutforlunch.

Youmayborrowthebooksolongasyoukeepitclean.

SofarasIknow（據(jù)我所矢口），hewillbeawayforthreemonths.

Youcangoswimmingonconditionthat（=if）youdon'tgotoofarawayfromtheriver

bank.

Ifhehadcomeafewminutesearlier,hecouldhaveseenher.

（七）讓步狀語從句

讓步狀語從句可由although,though,as,evenif（though）,however,whatever,whether...

or,nomatterwho（when,what,…）等引導(dǎo)。注意：as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句一般是倒裝的。

e.g.Thoughheisachild,heknowsalot.

Childasheis,heknowsalot.

Whatever（=Nomatterwhat）yousay,111neverchangemymind.

（A）方式狀語從句

方式狀語從句常由as,asif（though）,theway,ratherthan等引導(dǎo)。

e.g.YoumustdotheexerciseasIshowyou.

Heactedasifnothinghadhappened.

（九）比較狀語從句

比較狀語從句常用than,so（as）...as,themore...themore等引導(dǎo)。

e.g.Ihavemadealotmoremistakesthanyouhave.

Hesmokescigarettesasexpensiveashecanafford.

Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.

（+）使用狀語從句時(shí)要注意的幾個(gè)問題

1、在時(shí)間和條件（有時(shí)也在方式、讓步等）從句中，主句是一般將來時(shí)，從句通常用一般

現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。

e.g.Wellgooutingifitdoesn'traintomorrow.

IllwritetoyouassoonasIgettoShanghai.

2、有些時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、方式或讓步從句，如果從句的主語與主句主語一致（或雖不一

致，是it）,從句的謂語又包含動詞be,就可省略從句中的“主語+be”部分。

e.g.When（hewas）stillaboyoften,hehadtoworkdayandnight.

If（youare）askedyoumaycomein.

If（itis）necessaryI'llexplaintoyouagain.

3、注意區(qū)分不同從句：引導(dǎo)的是什么從句，不僅要根據(jù)連詞，還要根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意來

判別。以where為例，能引導(dǎo)多種從句。

e.g.Youaretofinditwhereyouleftit.（地點(diǎn)狀語從句）

Tellmetheaddresswherehelives.（定語從句，句中有先行詞）

Idon'tknowwherehecamefrom.（賓語從句）

Wherehehasgoneisnotknownyet.（主語從句）

Thisplaceiswheretheyoncehid.（表語從句）

練習(xí)、狀語從句

一、用橫線劃出下列句子中的狀語從句，并指出是哪種狀語從句：

1.Childassheis,sheknowsalotofthings.

2.ThemoreIcandofortheclass,thehappier111be.

3.Hetalksasif（asthough）heknewallaboutit.

4.Heissuchagoodteacherthatthestudentsloveandrespecthim.

5.1shallgototheparkunlessitrains.

6.NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.

7.Wherethereiswater,thereislife.

8.Hestudiedhardsothathecouldcatchupwithhisclassmates.

9.Sinceyouareverybusy,Iwon'ttroubleyou.

10.Evenif（though）Ifail.Illneverloseheart.

11.Onceyoubeginthework,youmustcontinue.

12.Iwillfindherwherevershemaybe.

13.Nowthatyou'vecome,you'dbetterhavedinnerwithus.

14.Hewassoexcitedthathecouldn'tfallasleep.

15.Wemustdoeverythingashetellsus.

16.IndiaismuchbiggerthanJapan.

17.Nomatterwhenyoucome,youarewarmlywelcome.

18.As（So）longasyouworkhard,youcancatchupwiththeotherclassmates.

二、用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空：

1.Dr.Bethune（白求恩）cametoChinahewasfifty.

2.Hebegantoworkhegotthere.

3.Let'sbeginourmeetingeveryoneishere.

4.IliketheEnglishpeople,Idon'tliketheirfood.

5.yougoinChina,youcanseesmilingfaces.

6.Hedidn'tcometothelecture,hewasverybusy.

7.wehadenoughtime,wewalkedtothecinema.

8.Theywillhelpyouyoumeetwithdifficulty.

9.wecametotheuniversity,wehavelearntquitealot.

10.1didn'tjointhemyesterdayeveningIhadtogotoanimportantmeeting.

11.Wewouldtrytogetacarwecouldalltraveltogethermoreeasily.

12.Shewouldn'tforgethermother'sbirthdaysheseldomwrotetoherfamily.

13.We'redoingeverythingwecantomakethingsaseasyforyouwecan.

14.Themeetingbecamesodisorderlythespeakerhadtoshoutthe

audiencedown.

15.Hewasangriereverbefore.

16.youlockallthedoors,hecanstillmanagetogetin.

17.Theboywassotiredhefellasleeponthebus.

18.Hardhetried,hecouldn'tforcethedooropen.

三、選擇填空：

1.THletyouknowhecomesback.

A.beforeB.becauseC.assoonasD.although

2.Shew川singasongsheisasked.

A.ifB.unlessC.forD.since

3.Wewillworkweareneeded.

A.wheneverB.becauseC.sinceD.wherever

4.Readitaloudtheclasscanhearyou.

A.sothatB.ifC.whenD.although

5.yougo,don'tforgetyourpeople.

A.WheneverB.HoweverC.WhereverD.Whichever

6.ItisabouttenyearsImetyoulast.

A.sinceB.forC.whenD.as

7.Theywillneversucceed,hardtheytry.

A.becauseB.howeverC.whenD.since

8.stillhalfdrunk,hemadehiswayhome.

A.WhenB.BecauseC.ThoughD.As

9.shewasverytired,shewentonworking.

A.AsB.AlthoughC.EvenD.Inspiteof

10.Busyhewas,hetriedhisbesttohelpyou.

A.asB.whenC.sinceD.for

11.1learnedalittleRussianIwasatmiddleschool.

A.thoughB.althoughC.asifD.when

12.wegottothestation,thetrainhadleftalready.

A.IfB.UnlessC.SinceD.When

13.therainstops,we'11setoffforthestation.

A.BeforeB.UnlessC.AssoonasD.Though

14.Shewastiredshecouldnotmoveaninch.

A.so,thatB.such,thatC.very,thatD.so,as

15.Wedidn'tgohomewefinishedthework.

A.sinceB.untilC.becauseD.though

16.I'llstayhereeveryoneelsecomesback.

A.evenifB.asthoughC.becauseD.until

17.Althoughit'sraining,arestillworkinginthefield.

A.theyB.buttheyC.andtheyD.sothey

18.Speaktohimslowlyhemayunderstandyoubetter.

A.sinceB.sothatC.forD.because

19.You'llmissthetrainyouhurryup.

A.unlessB.asC.ifD.until

20.Whenyoureadthebook,you'dbettermakeamarkyouhaveanyquestions.

A.atwhichB.atwhereC.theplaceD.where

21.We'dbetterhurryitisgettingdark.

A.andB.butC.asD.unless

22.Ididn*tmanagetodoityouhadexplainedhow.

A.untilB.unlessC.whenD.before

23.hecomes,wewon'tbeabletogo.

A.WithoutB.UnlessC.ExceptD.Even

24.IhurriedIwouldn'tbelateforclass.

A.sinceB.sothatC.asifD.unless

25.Icatchacold,Ihavepaininmyback.

A.EverytimeB.ThoughC.EvenD.Where

26.What'sthemattertheystillhaven'tansweredthetelegram?

A.whenB.thatC.thoughD.however

27.BringitnearerImayseeitbetter.

A.althoughB.eventhoughC.sothatD.since

28.YoumayarriveinBeijingearlyyoumindtakingthenighttrain.

A.thatB.thoughC.unlessD.if

29.Helenlistenedcarefullyshemightdiscoverexactlywhatsheneeded.

A.inthatB.inorderthatC.incaseD.eventhough

30.Morepeoplewilleatoutinrestaurantstheydotoday.

A.thanB.whenC.whileD.as

31.hardshetries,shecanhardlyavoidmakingmistakesinherhomework.

A.MuchB.HoweverC.AsD.Although

32.Pooritmaybe,thereisnoplacelikehome,youmaygo.

A.as;whereverB.though;wheneverC.inspiteof;whenD.that;wherever

33.Thechildwas_immediatelyaftersupper.

A.enoughtiredtogotobedB.tootiredtogotobed

C.sotiredthathewenttobedD.verytired,hewenttobed

34.Thehistoryofnursing_thehistoryofman.

A.asoldasB.isoldthanC.thatisasoldasD.isasoldas

35.borninChicago,theauthorwasfamousforhisstoriesaboutNewYork.

A.SinceB.OnceC.WhenD.Although

36.westoodatthetopofthebuilding,thepeoplebelowwerehardlyvisible.

A.AsB.AlthoughC.UnlessD.Inspiteof

37.ScarcelywasGeorgeWashingtoninhisteenshisfatherdied.

A.thanB.asC.whileD.when

38.Davidgoes,heiswelcome.

A.WhicheverB.HoweverC.WhereverD.Whatever

39.Thehousestoodtherehadbeenarock.

A.whichB.atwhichC.whenD.where

40.Smallitis,thepenisamostusefultool.

A.becauseB.soC.ifD.as

41.Afterthenewtechniquewasintroduced,thefactoryproducedtractorsin1988

astheyearbefore.

A.astwicemanyB.asmanytwiceC.twiceasmanyD.twicemanyas

42.Thepianointheothershopwillbe,but.

A.cheaper;notasbetterB.morecheap;notasbetter

C.cheaper;notasgoodD.morecheap;notasgood

43.Johnplaysfootball,ifnotbetterthan,David.

A.aswellB.aswellasC.sowellD.sowellas

44.Althoughheisconsideredagreatwriter,

A.hisworksarenotwidelyreadB.buthisworksarenotwidelyread

C.howeverhisworksarenotwidelyreadD.stillhisworksarenotwidelyread

45.thedaywenton,theweathergotworse.

A.WithB.SinceC.WhileD.As

46.一Whatwasthepartylike?

一Wonderful.It'syearsIenjoyedmyselfsomuch.

A.afterB.whenC.beforeD.since

47.ItwasnotshetookoffherdarkglassesIrealizedshewasafamousfilm

star.

A.when;thatB.until;thatC.until;whenD.when;then

48.Ifweworkwithastrongwill,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,greatitis.