數(shù)字譯法概述

InterpretingofFiguresPhase1=N+M+CPhase2=Rem+Read+PMainidea,keywordspropernames,list,figures.Fiveelementswheninterpret

figures1.Themathematicalvalueoffigures2.Theorderofthesignificanceofthefigures3.Theunitsofthefigures.4.What’sthefigurereferto.5.Therelativevalueofthefigures.數(shù)字口譯

InterpretingNumeralsForaninterpreter,oneofthedifficultiesintransferenceofthemessageisfigures.ForaChineseinterpreter,thedifficultiesaregreater.ThereasonisthatthebasiccountingunitsaredifferentinChineseandinEnglish.

Themaindifferencesofcountingunits1.InChinese,inadditionto“個(gè)位”,“十位”,“百位”,“千位”,thereisaname“萬(wàn)”forafive-digitnumberand“億”foranine-digitnumber.HenceChinese”一萬(wàn)”mustberenderedinto“十千”(tenthousand)inEnglish,and“十萬(wàn)”into“一百千”(onehundredthousand)2.InEnglish,thenamesofthedigitsarebasedongroupsofthreezeroes.Thefirstgroupofthreezeroes(1,000)iscalledthousand,thesecond(1,000,000)million,thethird(1,000,000,000)billion.2.漢語(yǔ)數(shù)字分段法：第一段位：個(gè)十百千第二段位：萬(wàn)十萬(wàn)百萬(wàn)千萬(wàn)第三段位：億十億百億千億第四段位：兆（萬(wàn)億）1.英語(yǔ)數(shù)字分段法：第一段位：onetenhundred第二段位：thousandtenthousandhundredthousand第三段位：milliontenmillionhundredmillion第四段位：billiontenbillionhundredmillion第五段位：trillionComparisonofCountingUnits個(gè)十百千Onetenhundredthousand

萬(wàn)10thousand十萬(wàn)百萬(wàn)100thousandmillion千萬(wàn)億十億10million100millionbillionComparisonofCountingUnits個(gè)十百千萬(wàn)十萬(wàn)百萬(wàn)千萬(wàn)億十億百億千億Onetenhundredthousand

tenthousand

hundredthousandmilliontenmillionhundredmillionBilliontenbillionhundredbillion3.英漢數(shù)字對(duì)比ArabicEnglishChinese1One一10Ten十100Onehundred一百1,000onethousand一千10,000tenthousand一萬(wàn)100,000onehundredthousand十萬(wàn)ArabicEnglishChinese1,000,000onemillion一百萬(wàn)10,000,000tenmillion一千萬(wàn)100,000,000onehundredmillion一億1,000,000,000onebillion十億10，000，000，000tenbillion一百億100,000,000,000onehundredbillion一千億1,000,000,000,000onetrillion一兆(萬(wàn)億)Note-takingofnumbers縮略語(yǔ)記錄法分節(jié)號(hào)記錄法點(diǎn)線記錄法小數(shù)點(diǎn)記錄法1,123,456,789

bmth

十百千個(gè)

億

萬(wàn)縮略語(yǔ)記錄法1,123,456,78

9

十億千百十萬(wàn)千百十個(gè)

億

萬(wàn)萬(wàn)萬(wàn)

萬(wàn)=10，000

十萬(wàn)=100，000

千萬(wàn)=10，000，000

億=100，000，0001,123,456,789

bmth

十百千個(gè)

億萬(wàn)5萬(wàn)50,000=50th40萬(wàn)400,000=400th2千萬(wàn)

20,000,000=20m1億100,000,000=100m分節(jié)號(hào)記錄法SymbolsforFigures5,000:5’

5,

55th32,000:32’

32,

32

32th7,000,000:7’’

7,,

77m25,000,000:25’’

25,,

2525m1,000,000,000:

1’’’

1,,,

11b點(diǎn)線記錄法1.聽到中文,寫下阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字,然后用”三分法”標(biāo)記,讀出英語(yǔ).例:聽到”一億兩千五百萬(wàn)”

寫下1/2500/0000,標(biāo)記為:1/25,00/0,0002.聽到英語(yǔ),寫下阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字,然后用”四分法”標(biāo)記,讀出中文例:聽到:sevenhundredsixtythreemilliontwohundrednineteenthousandeighthundredandtwelve,

寫下:763,219,812

標(biāo)記為7/63,21/9,812

讀出：七億六千三百二十一萬(wàn)九千八百十二Figures-1:C-E,digitconversion3,700

30,00025,00015,500400,000550,000108,00010,000,00037,000,000150,000,000Figures-2:C-E,digitconversion656

3337692,80050,60042,60050,5009,000,00048,620,0001,300,000,000QuickprocessoffiguresGivethefigureofpopulationofthefollowing5countriesafterthemodelatonego–beforethefiguredisappearsfromthescreen.ThepopulationofIrelandin2004was…

Ireland3,522,000France57,600,000Japan124,700,000UnitedStates258,300,000Europe368,700,000QuickprocessoffiguresPairwork:

A:Givethefiguresconcerningthecoming4countriesafterthemodelatonego–beforethefiguredisappearsfromthescreen.

B:Interpretthefigures.

Belgiumhasanareaof…squarekilometers,itspopulationis…andthepopulationdensityis…persquarekilometerCountryArea/kmPopulationPopulationdensity/perkm2Belgium1.00010,100,000330Denmark43,0005,200,000120Germany337,00081,200,000226France544,00057,600,000106Nowchangeroles!Spain505,00039,100,00078Finland337,0005,100,00015Italy301,00057,100,000189Britain244,000244,000237

China'sTop10TradingPartnersin2004

(Unit:US$1billion)

RankCountryImp/ExpExportImport(Region)

(Unit:US$1billion)

Japan66.232.433.8USA 61.542.019.5EU 55.7 30.2 25.5HK 43.8 36.96.9

5ASEAN 27.1 12.2 14.9

RankCountryImp/ExpExportImport(Region)

(Unit:US$1billion)

6 Korea25.07.8 17.27 Taiwan 23.5 4.0 19.58 Australia6.3 2.73.69 Russia 5.7 1.54.2

10Canada4.7 2.42.3倍數(shù)的翻譯（times/multiples）倍數(shù)翻譯是一個(gè)很容易出錯(cuò)的問(wèn)題，這是因?yàn)橛h兩種語(yǔ)言均有眾多的倍數(shù)表達(dá)法，很容易讓人混淆。倍數(shù)翻譯最根本的問(wèn)題在于要搞清楚是否包括基數(shù)。漢語(yǔ)有一些句式包括基數(shù)，也有一些句式不包括基數(shù)，而英語(yǔ)則都包括基數(shù)。例如：AistwiceastallasB.AistwicetallerthanB.這兩種句式所表達(dá)的含義是一樣的，也就是說(shuō)，如果B是1的話，A就是2。兩個(gè)句子都應(yīng)該譯成“甲的身高是乙的兩倍”或者“甲比乙高一倍”。第一句話翻譯起來(lái)一般不會(huì)有什么問(wèn)題，但翻譯第二句話卻必須小心，因?yàn)槿绻阉g成“甲比乙高兩倍”，那么，按漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，A就會(huì)被錯(cuò)誤的理解為3倍。AisxtimesasmuchasB=AisxtimeslargerthanB表示“甲是乙的兩倍”英語(yǔ)用twiceas…as,twicethenumber/size/lengthof,toincreaseby100%,以及double來(lái)表示。

表示“甲是乙的三倍”英語(yǔ)用thrice/threetimesas…as,thrice/threetimesthenumberof;toincreaseby200%,以及triple/treble來(lái)表示。

表示“甲是乙的四倍”表示四倍，英語(yǔ)用fourtimes/fourfold,以及quadruple和toincreaseby300%。表示四倍以上的依此類推。

倍數(shù)A是B的五倍

AisfivetimesasmuchasB.fivefold400%greaterthanfivetimesgreater/morethanThereisa400%increasewhenwecompareBwithA.Increaseby400%Cardinals,fractions,decimalsandpercentages

Forcardinalnumbers,askstudentstofamiliarizethemselveswiththeconversionofnumbersbetweenChineseandEnglish,whichisalwaysabigheadacheforinterpreterssinceChineseadoptsafour-digitsystemwhileEnglishadoptsathree-digitsystem.Alsonotethat“and”isnotusedafterhundredsinAmericanEnglish.Cardinals,fractions,decimalsandpercentagesForfractions,studentsshouldnotonlyknowhowtodealwiththeinterpretingoffractionswithsmalldenominators,butalsofractionswithlargedenominators.Inthelattercase,“over”isusuallyusedbeforethedenominatorandafterthenumeratortoexpressthefractionmoreclearly.Cardinals,fractions,decimals

andpercentagesFordecimals,studentsshouldpayattentiontothreepoints:1)thezeroimmediatelybeforethedecimalpointcanbeomittedwhenspoken;2)numbersafterthedecimalsarespokenseparately;3)thezerofollowingdecimalpointisspokenas“o”,thesameastheletterofthealphabet.數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)31%thirty-onepercent71.3*seventy-onepointthreedegrees0.631nought/zeropointsixthreeone+31/2(3/7)plusthreeandahalf(threesevenths)-51/4minusfiveandaquarter1/xoneoverxy2ysquaredk3kcubed()roundbrackets;parentheses[]squarebrackets{}braces;curlybrackets1/2onehalf1/4onequarter1/5one-fifth1/3one-third3/4three-fourths5/9five-ninths2/6two-sixths9/10nine-tenths3/1000three-thousandths26/95twentysixoverninety-five79/53seventy-nineoverfifty-three

九又四分之一nineandaquarter五又三分之二fiveandtwo-thirds:

Rates,ratios

Thefollowingaresomeabbreviationscommonlyusedinratesandratios2:32to350kph50kilometersperhour100mph100milesperhour50kg/sqcm50kilogramspersquarecentimeter80rpm80rounds(orrevolutions)perminut120wpm120wordsperminute8%pa8%per10kw10kilowattsInterpretingIndefiniteNumbers(不確定數(shù)字)InterpretingApproximateNumbers(大約)CH:約、大約、大概、來(lái)、左右……ENG:about,around,roughly,approximately,some,moreorless,intheneighborhoodof,orso,orthereabout,intherough…InterpretingNumbersSmallerthanRoundNumbers(少于)CH:少于、低于、不到、不及、不足、以下……ENG:fewerthan,lessthan,under,below,within…InterpretingNumberswiththeMeaningof“Nearly”(將近)CH:近、快、將近、幾乎、差不多、差一點(diǎn)兒、差一點(diǎn)兒不到……ENG:nearly,almost,toward,closeon…InterpretingIndefiniteNumbers(不確定數(shù)字)InterpretingIndefiniteNumbersWhichMean“MoreThan”(多于)CH:多于、大于、高于、超過(guò)、多、以上……ENG:morethan,over,above,upwardsof,andmore,odd,andodd…InterpretingNumbersWhichAreBetweenParticularNumbers(介于)CH:到、至、介于…之間……ENG:from…to…,(anywhere)between…and…InterpretingIndefiniteNumbers(不確定數(shù)字)

twomilesorso;somethirtypersons;moreorlessfortypages;roundabouteighto’clock;somewhereaboutfourprovinces十幾個(gè)nomore/lessthantwenty;overadozen

幾十個(gè)dozensof幾百個(gè)hundredsof

成千上萬(wàn)thousandsof

幾十萬(wàn)hundredsofthousandsof

數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)millionsof

億萬(wàn)hundredsofmillionsof趨勢(shì)的表達(dá)法增加:increase,rise,grow