【寒假自學(xué)課】六年級英語寒假講義-第5講-名詞和代詞專題 （教案+學(xué)案） 譯林版（三起）教案

課程主題：名詞和代詞專題學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo):熟練掌握名詞的分類，可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)變化，不可數(shù)名詞表示方式和名詞所有格。熟練掌握人稱代詞、物主代詞寫法和用法。教學(xué)內(nèi)容【進(jìn)門測試】建議5min1.找出下列單詞中不同類的那一個(gè)。()1.A.handB.handbagC.schoolbagD.box()2.A.snowB.rainC.windD.sunny()3.A.managerB.farmerC.workD.nurse()4.A.seasonB.winterC.springD.autumn()5.A.yearB.monthC.dayD.May()6.A.onionB.peasC.cabbageD.healthy()7.A.footB.headC.legD.book()8.A.basketballB.partyC.soccerD.ping-pong二．選擇題1．Lookattheducksoverthere.Let'sdraw_____．（）A．they B．them C．it D．us2．______isthetreeand_____aretheflowers．（）A．That，those B．Those，those C．This，that D．Those，that3．we（名詞性物主代詞）（）A．ours B．our C．us4．Myfather'sfeetarebiggerthan_________．（）A．my B．mine C．me5．﹣﹣Here________are．﹣﹣Thankyou．（）A．your B．you C．my答案：1.1-5ADCAD6-8DDB2.1．B；2．A；3．A；4．B；5．B【進(jìn)門測試】建議5min【互動(dòng)精講】建議70min【知識(shí)梳理1】考點(diǎn)一名詞的分類

名詞是表示人或事物名稱的詞,它分為普通名詞和專有名詞兩大類。普通名詞又分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞?？蓴?shù)名詞包括個(gè)體名詞和集體名詞,有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分;不可數(shù)名詞包括物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞,沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。詞條用法例詞普通名詞可數(shù)名詞個(gè)體名詞表示個(gè)體的人或事物的詞book,desk,table,bike,plane集體名詞表示一群人或一些事物的詞family,class,police,team,group不可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名詞表示構(gòu)成各種物體的物質(zhì)或材料的詞glass,water,air,paper,wood抽象名詞表示狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、行為、感情等抽象概念的詞danger,health,love,success,interest專有名詞表示人、地方、事物、機(jī)構(gòu)、組織等名稱的詞Alice,Canada,theGreatWall考點(diǎn)二名詞的數(shù)

1.可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式(1)規(guī)則變化構(gòu)成方式例詞一般在詞尾加-sbook→bookspen→pens以s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾的加-esbox→boxeswatch→watches以y結(jié)尾的詞①以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞,把y變成i,再加-es②以“元音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞直接加-sfamily→familiesfactory→factoriesboy→boyskey→keystoy→toys以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞,一般把f或fe改為v,再加-es注意:scarf的復(fù)數(shù)為scarfs或scarves;giraffe的復(fù)數(shù)為giraffes;roof的復(fù)數(shù)為roofswife→wivesknife→kniveslife→liveswolf→wolves以o結(jié)尾的詞①potato,tomato,hero等詞后加-es②zoo,radio,photo,piano等詞后加-spotato→potatoestomato→tomatoeszoo→zoosradio→radiosphoto→photos(2)不規(guī)則變化構(gòu)成方式例詞改變名詞內(nèi)部的元音字母(有的還改變輔音字母)foot→feet腳tooth→teeth牙齒man→men男人mouse→mice鼠詞尾加-en或-renox→oxen公牛child→children孩子單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同fish→fish魚sheep→sheep羊deer→deer鹿復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化一般將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)passer-by→passers-by過路人無主體名詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞,在詞尾變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)grow-up→grow-ups成年人某國人變復(fù)數(shù)單復(fù)數(shù)相同Chinese→Chinese中國人Japanese→Japanese日本人把詞尾的man變?yōu)閙enFrenchman→Frenchmen法國人Englishman→Englishmen英國人詞尾加-sAmerican→Americans美國人German→Germans德國人漢語音譯詞如度量衡、幣值等單位的名詞無復(fù)數(shù)形式,一般用斜體10jin10斤100mu100畝5fen5分9jiao9角2.不可數(shù)名詞量的表達(dá)不可數(shù)名詞計(jì)量時(shí),用“基數(shù)詞/不定冠詞+表示數(shù)量的名詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞”表示,數(shù)詞決定表示數(shù)量的名詞的單/復(fù)數(shù)形式。aglassofmilk一杯牛奶acupoftea一杯茶apieceofnews一則新聞twobowlsofrice兩碗米飯twopairsofglasses兩副眼鏡threepiecesofadvice三條建議【鞏固練習(xí)】1.區(qū)分下列可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。Breadjuicefootballmanwatchinkicebearstorybicyclelemonadeofficecoffeeknifepapernews1.可數(shù)名詞：__________________________________________2.不可數(shù)名詞：________________________________________11.將下列名詞和相應(yīng)的量詞搭配，并譯成中文。3.abottleofA.news_________________4.apairofB.ink_________________5.apieceofC.sweets_________________6.twobarsofD.scissors_________________7.threebowlsofE.soup_____________________8.apacketofF,soap___________________9.aloafofG.bread_________________2.中譯英。10.一片面包_______________________11.一瓶墨水________________________13.一盒粉筆______________________12.一些水___________________________14.許多面粉_______________________15.三瓶果汁______________________16.一條肥皂______________________17.五塊巧克力________________________18.一碗米飯______________________19.十聽果醬答案：manwatchbearstoryfootballbicycleofficeknifebreadinkicejuicelemonadecoffeepapernewsabottleofink一瓶墨水a(chǎn)pairofscissors一把剪力apieceofnews一則消息twobarsofsoap兩塊肥皂threebowlsofsoup三碗湯apacketofsweets一包糖aloafofbread一塊/條面包apieceofbreadAbottleofinksomewater/alittlewateraboxofchalkalotof/muchflourthreebottlesofjuiceabarofsoap17.fivebarsofchocolate18.abowlofrice19.tentinsofjam考點(diǎn)三名詞所有格

名詞所有格的構(gòu)成方式有以下三種:’s形式的所有格、of短語構(gòu)成的所有格和雙重所有格。1.’s形式的所有格用法示例一般單數(shù)名詞后加“‘s”mybrother’sbag我弟弟的書包以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加“‘”myparents’hope我父母的希望如果一個(gè)事物為兩個(gè)人共同所有,則只在最后一個(gè)名詞后加“‘s”;如果不是共同所有,則兩個(gè)名詞后都加“‘s”。BobandBill’sfather鮑勃和比爾的爸爸Jim’sandBill’smothers吉姆的媽媽和比爾的媽媽有些表示時(shí)間、距離、國家、城市、團(tuán)體、機(jī)構(gòu)以及無生命事物的名詞也可以加“‘s”或“‘”構(gòu)成所有格。today’snewspaper今天的報(bào)紙fiveminutes’walk五分鐘的路程在表示“某人家”“店鋪”的名詞后,一般省略它所修飾的名詞atthedoctor’s在診所里atthebarber’s在理發(fā)店里2.of短語構(gòu)成的所有格(1)沒有生命的名詞一般用of短語來表示所有關(guān)系。ThisisamapofJapan.這是一幅日本地圖。(2)當(dāng)有生命的名詞的定語較長時(shí),也可以用of短語來表示所有關(guān)系。Themovieoftheoldkindwomanismoving.這位善良的老婦人的電影很感人?！厩捎浛谠E】名詞所有格的用法英語名詞所有格,表示某物是“誰的”,巧記構(gòu)成有方法,多數(shù)要把“‘s”加,復(fù)數(shù)有s作詞尾,只加“‘”就OK,名詞若為無生命,常把of來運(yùn)用,時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和距離,“‘s”運(yùn)用也許可。3.雙重所有格表示所屬物的名詞前有冠詞(a,an)、數(shù)詞(one,two...)、非確定特指的限定詞(some,any,afew...)、物主代詞(my,your...)或指示限定詞(this,that,these,those)時(shí),常用“of+所有格/名詞性物主代詞”的形式,即雙重所有格來表示所有關(guān)系。BobisafriendofTom’s.鮑勃是湯姆的一位朋友。Thesearesomepicturesofmine.這些是我的一些照片?！眷柟叹毩?xí)】I.翻譯下列詞組。1.一張公園的圖片______________________2.五年級三班的學(xué)生們_____________________3.Jack的鞋子________________________4.人民廣場________________________5.我爺爺?shù)囊恍┡笥裚____________________6.三張中國地圖_________________7.我的一本書____________________8.女廁所__________________________9.一個(gè)月的時(shí)間_____________________10.Lucy和Lily合用的臥室__________________Ⅱ.選擇正確的答案，并把編號填入括號內(nèi)。()11.DongDongisoneoftheChinese________inourschool.A.boyB.boysC.boies()12.-Whosecarisit?—It's___________A.TomandMaryB.Tom'sandMary'sC.TomandMary's()13.Mr.Blackis_______father.Helovesthemverymuch.A.LizandLily'sB.Liz'sC.Liz'sandLily's()14.Peteris__________A.afriendofmineB.amyfriend’sC.afriendofmymother()15.June1stis__________Day.A.ChildrenB.Children'sC.Child's()16.-Whoselunchboxesarethese?-Theyarethe__________A.children'sB.childrens'C.children()17.Iwillgiveyou_________tofinishit.A.twoweekstimeB.twoweektimeC.twoweektime()18.Lookatthemap.It's_________A.amapofAmericanB.amapofAmericaC.anAmericanmap答案：apictureofaparkthestudentsofClassThree,GradeFiveJack'sshoesThePeople'sSquareafewfriendsofmygrandfather'sthreemapsofChinaoneofmybooksWomen’srestroom/toiletamonth'stimeLucyandLily'sbedroomBC.AABAC(two-week作為形容詞修飾time，相當(dāng)于twoweeks'time)18.B考點(diǎn)四名詞的語法作用

作定語(1)名詞作定語一般用單數(shù)形式。Thereisanappletreeinouryard.在我們院子里有一棵蘋果樹。(2)man,woman用于名詞前作定語時(shí),其形式與所修飾的名詞一致,即man,woman后用單數(shù)名詞,men,women后用復(fù)數(shù)名詞。Theyareallmenteachers.他們都是男教師。Awomandoctorissittingintheroom.有個(gè)女醫(yī)生正坐在房間里。(3)個(gè)別名詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式作定語。Oursportsmeetingwasputoffbecauseoftheheavyrain.因?yàn)榇笥晡覀兊倪\(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)被推遲了?！厩捎浛谠E】名詞作定語,一般用單數(shù),男人(man),女人(woman)跟著變,個(gè)別名詞用復(fù)數(shù)?！菊n堂檢測】1.在下列可數(shù)名詞前面加a或an，后面寫復(fù)數(shù)形式，不可數(shù)名詞用“/”表示。1.________umbrella___________2.__________brush__________3.________glue_____________4.___________unit___________5.________sugar_____________6.___________French____________7._________child______________8.___________womanteacher__________9._________cocoon______________10.__________tooth______________11._________half______________12.__________idea______________IⅡ.判斷下列表述是否正確，正確的在題后打“√”，錯(cuò)誤的在橫線上改正。Sheeps__________14.buses____________15.myclassmates'sfather________________16.aonion___________17.someboys_________18.fivegoose______________________19.twowomans_________20.thechildren'stoys_________________21.amapofChina______22.apaper_____________23.threebottleofwater________________24.twobabys_________25,peachs_____________26.potatoes_______________28.someleafs____________________27.foxs_______________30.dogs__________________29.photoes_________________31.theclassroom'swall______________________32.mouses_____________________Ⅲ.用括號內(nèi)所給名詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。33.Therearetwo______________(bench)overthere.34.Iliketaking________________(photo).35.Icanseea_________________(man)andtwo________________(woman)36.Therearetwobasketsof_______________(apple)standingthere.37.Youoftenmakealotofspelling___________________(mistake)onthefloor.38.Thebabyhasonlytwo__________________(tooth)now.39.The________________(leaf)onthetreeturnyellow.40.IHedoesn'tlikethese_________________(glass).41.Howmany___________________(radio)canyousee?42.Thirty________________(family)liveinthisbuilding.答案：anumbrella-umbrellasabrush-brushes/glue/aunit-units/sugar//French=/achildchildrenawomanteacher=womenteachersacocooncocoonsatooth-teethahalthalvesanideaideassheepssheep14.buses15.myclassmates'sfathermyclassmates'fathers16.aonionanonion17.someboys√18.fivegoosefivegeese19.twowomanstwowomen20.thechildren'stoys√21.amapofChinay22.apaperapieceofpaper/'asheetofpaper23.threebottleofwaterthreebottlesofwater24,twobabystwobabiespeachspeachespotatoesfoxsfoxessomeleafssomeleavesphotoesphotosdogsyTheclassroom'swallymousesmicebenchesPhotosman,womenapplesmistakesteethleavesglassesRadios42.families【知識(shí)梳理1】代詞是在句中代替名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞。代詞一般分為人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、不定代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞和相互代詞?？键c(diǎn)一人稱代詞

人稱代詞即代指對人或物的稱呼的詞(你、我、他等),分為主格和賓格兩種形式。1.人稱代詞的分類數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)格人稱主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱Imeweus第二人稱youyouyouyou第三人稱hehimtheythemsheheritit【巧記口訣】人稱代詞構(gòu)成歌訣人稱代詞分主賓,共有八對細(xì)區(qū)分;你、它主賓同一形,其余主賓要記清;I和me;we與us;you和it無變化;she和her,he與him,they的賓格是them。2.人稱代詞的用法(1)主格用法用法例句作主語Youmustbecarefulwhenyouwanttomakefriendsonline.網(wǎng)上交友要當(dāng)心。(2)賓格用法用法例句作賓語Mysisterisn’tabletoridethebike.SoI’mgoingtohelpherwithit.我妹妹不會(huì)騎自行車,因此我打算幫她。作表語It’sme.是我?？键c(diǎn)二物主代詞

表示人和物之間的所有關(guān)系的代詞稱為物主代詞。1.物主代詞的分類物主代詞可分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。人稱數(shù)形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞第一人稱單數(shù)mymine復(fù)數(shù)ourours第二人稱單數(shù)youryours復(fù)數(shù)youryours第三人稱單數(shù)his,her,itshis,hers,its復(fù)數(shù)theirtheirs2.物主代詞的用法(1)形容詞性物主代詞具有形容詞的特性,在句中用作定語,后面必須接名詞。Thisismybike.這是我的自行車。(2)名詞性物主代詞具有名詞的特性,后面不能再跟名詞。它相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”。在句中可作主語、賓語或表語?！猈hosebikeisthis?這是誰的自行車?—It’smine.是我的。(mine=mybike)【巧記口訣】形物代詞能力差,自己不能來當(dāng)家。句子當(dāng)中作定語,后面要把名詞加。名物代詞能力強(qiáng),自己獨(dú)來又獨(dú)往。句子當(dāng)中主表賓,后面名詞不能跟。考點(diǎn)三反身代詞

反身代詞就是代指某人自己,單數(shù)以-self結(jié)尾,復(fù)數(shù)以-selves結(jié)尾。第一、二人稱反身代詞由形容詞性物主代詞+self/selves構(gòu)成;第三人稱反身代詞由賓格人稱代詞+self/selves構(gòu)成。人稱數(shù)第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)myselfyourselfhimself,herself,itself復(fù)數(shù)ourselvesyourselvesthemselves考點(diǎn)四不定代詞

不明確指代某個(gè)(些)人、某個(gè)(些)事物的代詞叫不定代詞。1.不定代詞分類不定代詞作用在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語和同位語等分類肯定性both,all,many,much,one,other,each,another,either,afew,alittle,some(someone,somebody,something),any(anyone,anybody,anything),everyone,everybody,everything否定性no,neither,none,nobody,nothing,few,little2.不定代詞的特殊用法(1)當(dāng)形容詞或else修飾不定代詞時(shí),不定代詞總是位于修飾詞的前面。Thereisnothingnewinhisspeech.他的講話中沒什么新東西。Didshetellyouanythingelse?她還告訴你別的什么事情了嗎?(2)當(dāng)句子的主語是指人的復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí),其附加疑問句的主語通常用代詞they來代替;當(dāng)句子的主語是指物的復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí),其附加疑問句的主語通常用代詞it來代替。Everyoneishere,aren’tthey?大家都來了,不是嗎?Everythingbeginstogrowinspring,doesn’tit?春天萬物復(fù)蘇,不是嗎?考點(diǎn)五指示代詞

指示代詞有單數(shù)形式的this與that和復(fù)數(shù)形式的these與those。指示代詞的用法主要有以下幾點(diǎn):1.this和these指時(shí)間或空間較近的人或物,也指下文將要提到的事,還可用來介紹別人;that和those指時(shí)間或空間較遠(yuǎn)的人或物,也指剛剛提到過的事。Thisismybookandthatisyours.這是我的書,那本是你的。Dorememberthis:Neverputoffwhatyoucandotodaytilltomorrow.一定要記住這一點(diǎn):今日事今日畢。Thisismyfriend,Bob.這是我的朋友鮑勃。2.打電話時(shí)用this介紹自己,用that詢問對方。ThisisSallyspeaking.IsthatLinda?我是薩莉,你是琳達(dá)嗎?3.that常用于比較結(jié)構(gòu)中,代替前面提到的單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞;若前面提到的是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,則用those代替。TheweatherinGuangzhouismuchwarmerthanthatinBeijinginwinter.冬天廣州的天氣比北京的暖和得多。Thepearsonthistreearebiggerthanthoseonthatone.這棵樹上的梨比那棵樹上的大?？键c(diǎn)六疑問代詞

1.疑問代詞的用法疑問代詞用法例句who作主語、表語、賓語(作賓語時(shí)在口語中不能放在介詞后)Whoistheman?那個(gè)男人是誰?whomwho的賓格形式,作賓語Towhomareyoutalking?你在和誰交談?whosewho的所有格形式,作定語Whosebagisthis?這是誰的包?what/whowhat詢問某人的職業(yè)—What’syourbrother?你哥哥是干什么的?—Heisaworker.他是一名工人。who詢問某人的身份、姓名—Whoistheboyunderthetree?樹下那個(gè)男孩是誰?—HeisLiMing.他是李明。what/whichwhat指不定數(shù)目中的“哪一個(gè),哪一些;什么”,沒有一定范圍的限定Whatwouldyoulike?你想要什么?which“哪一個(gè)”,指在一定范圍內(nèi)特指的人或物Whichonedoyoulikebetter?你更喜歡哪一個(gè)?2.疑問代詞的主謂一致疑問代詞作主語時(shí),動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式還是復(fù)數(shù)形式,要根據(jù)它們代表的數(shù)決定。如果不清楚數(shù)的多少,動(dòng)詞多采取單數(shù)形式。Whoarethetwogirlsbehindthedoor?門后那兩個(gè)女孩是誰?Whoisthemaninablackcoat?那名穿黑大衣的男子是誰?考點(diǎn)七相互代詞

相互代詞只有兩個(gè):eachother和oneanother,譯為“彼此,相互”。這兩個(gè)短語?？苫Q。【課堂檢測】建議15min一、用括號中人稱代詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

1.Her

sister

is

helping__________(we).

2.

John

and

I

are

in

the

same

school.__________(we)go

to

school

together.

3.

Everyone

likes__________(she),

do

__________(you)?

4.

Danny

gives

the

book

to

__________(you).

5.__________(I)

have

many

friends.

Some

of__________(they)are

good

at

English.

6.

Jim

is

English.

__________(I)

like

playing

with__________(he).

7.I

love

__________(they)very

much.

8.Miss

Li

often

looks

after__________(she).

9.They

are

waiting

for__________(they).

10.Do

you

like

Li

Ming?

No,

__________(I)

don’t

like

__________(he).

11.Thisisn’ttheirknife._________isgreen.12.Theseareyourbooks，Kate.Put__________inthedesk，please.13.Youmustlookafter________things.[來源:學(xué)_科_網(wǎng)]14.--WeiFang，isthat________car?--No，it’stheirs.15.Theywantafootball.Give__________thegreenone，please.16.It’sLinTao’sbag.Give________to__________.17.--Isthispencil-boxLiLei’s?--No，___________isverynew.[來源:Zxxk.Com]18.--Thisboxistooheavy.Ican’tcarry_________.--Don’tworry，Let__________help__________.19.________isaboy，_______nameisMike.Mike’sfriendslike______verymuch.20.--Jack,arethese________bags？--No,theyaren’t________.Theyare________（Tony）.答案：1-5us;We;her,you;you;I,them.6-10I,him;them;her;them;I,him.11-15Theirs;them;your;your;them16-20it,him;his;it,me,you;your,mine,Tony’s【要點(diǎn)回顧】建議15min數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)格人稱主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱人稱數(shù)形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞第一人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第二人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)【溫故知新】一、根據(jù)圖片提示補(bǔ)全單詞。二、寫出下列單詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。1.bus_______ 2.box_______ 3.foot_______4.child_______ 5.potato_______6.boy_______7.photo_______ 8.tomato_______9.sheep_______ 10.story_______三、選出與所給單詞同類的一項(xiàng)。（）1.bookstore A.museum B.newspaper C.book（）2.car A.card B.road C.train（）3.monkey A.moneyB.sheep C.zoo（）4.shirt A.skirt B.short C.clothes（）5.spring A.season B.winter C.trip（）6.uncle A.father B.family C.people（）7.postman A.aunt B.fisherman C.job（）8.breakfast A.lunch B.apple C.sports（）9.spoon A.fork B.desk C.chicken（）10.mouth A.girl B.monthC.foot四、根據(jù)提示給下列單詞分類。五、單項(xiàng)選擇。（）1.—What______canyousee?—Icanseeadog.A.colour B.animal C.fruit（）2.Look！Thereisa______andtwo______onthetable.A.clock;keys B.keys;clock C.clocks;keys（）3.MrsSmithis______mother.A.Tom’sandBen’s B.TomandBen’sC.TomandBens’（）4.Theyarefrom______.Theyspeak______.A.America;English B.America;AmericanC.American;English（）5.—Wouldyouliketohaveadrink?—Yes,two______,please.A.cupofteaB.cupsofteaC.cupsofteas六、選出下列句子中有錯(cuò)誤的一項(xiàng)，并在橫線上改正。七、看圖補(bǔ)全短文。Wow!Whatabig1._______!Therearesomanyanimalsinit.Look!The2._______aredrinking3._______overthereUnderthe4._______,thereisa5._______.It’ssocute.It’seating6._______.Some7._______areflyinginthe8._______.Thereisa9._______andtwo10._______,too.八、選擇正確的答案

1.()______________gotoschool.

A.Lily,KateandIB.I,LilyandKateC.Lily,IandKate

2.()______________goshopping.

A.We,youandtheyB.You,theyandweC.They,weandyou

3.()______________arereadingbooks.

A.She,youandIB