(核心素養(yǎng)測(cè)評(píng))四必修1Unit4Earthquakes含解析

核心素養(yǎng)測(cè)評(píng)四必修1Unit4Earthquakes(限時(shí)35分鐘)Ⅰ.閱讀理解AWiththeundeniableincreaseingreenhouseemissionsonEarth,therecanbenodoubtthattheearthisbecomingwarmer,andscientificstudieshaveproventhatifwecarryonlivingthewaywedo,thenglobaltemperatureswillriseevenmore.Sowhatexactlydoesthismeanforthefutureofourplanet?Globalwarmingwillinfactcauseextremeweatherconditions,meaningthatourwinterswouldbeevencolderthantheyarenow.Morethanthat,warmertemperatureswillleadtothemeltingoficeinthenorthandsouthpoles,whichinturnwillleadtorisingsealevelsacrosstheglobe.Thisisparticularlytroublingforlowcoastalregionsandsomeislandcountries.In1000yearsorso,alltheseplaceswillbefloodedunderwater.Sowherewillwebeabletolive?Unlesswecanfindawaytoevolveintomermaidsandmermen,whichdoesn’tlookpromising,theonlysolutionistomoveelsewhere.Therewillbelittlechoiceleftoncealargeproportionofthelandislosttothesea,andotherremainingplaceswillbesohotthatitwillbeabsolutelyimpossibleforustosurvive.Countriesthatweconsidertobehotthesedayswillbeevenmoresoiftemperaturesincreaseby5,10,even15degrees.Itispossible,then,thattheoncefrozenpolesoftheArcticandAntarcticawillbesuitableenoughtolivein,havingmelteditsiceandwarmedup.It’sscarytothinkofourdescendents(后代)strugglingtosurviveinavirtuallyuninhabitableworld.Perhapsifpeoplestarttorealizehowtheiractionsnowcanhavesuchanimpactonfuturegenerations,theywillchangetheirattitudeandstarttothinkmoreaboutcaringfortheenvironment.Ifnot,we’llbelivinginaworldunderwaterandwillneedtothinkofawaytoturnourselvesintomermaids!【文章大意】如果不改變我們現(xiàn)在的生活方式,地球溫度將繼續(xù)上升,導(dǎo)致海水上漲,低海拔地區(qū)將被淹沒(méi),其他地區(qū)也將熱得無(wú)法生存,人們不得不進(jìn)化成“美人魚(yú)”!1.Whataboutourplanetin1000yearsaccordingtothetext?A.Therewillbemorewater.B.Winterwillbecomemild.C.Low-lyingislandswilldisappear.D.Sealevelswillriseinthepolarregions.【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知,如果氣溫繼續(xù)上升,大約1000年后,低海拔的沿海地區(qū)將被水淹沒(méi)。故選C。2.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?A.Hotplacestodaywillbecomecolder.B.Humansmightevolveintomermaids.C.Fewerplaceswillbesuitabletolive.D.Theearthwillbetotallycoveredbywater.【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知,氣候持續(xù)變暖會(huì)導(dǎo)致海平面上升,淹沒(méi)大部分地區(qū),適合人們居住的空間越來(lái)越小。C選項(xiàng)符合題意。3.Whatdoestheauthorappealtopeopletodo?A.Carefortheenvironment.B.Learntolivelikeamermaid.C.Takegoodcareofourchildren.D.Struggleforoursurvival.【解析】選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“theywillchangetheirattitudeandstarttothinkmoreaboutcaringfortheenvironment”可知,作者寫(xiě)這篇文章主要想讓人們改變態(tài)度,多考慮關(guān)心環(huán)境。A選項(xiàng)符合題意。4.Whichwordcandescribetheauthor’sattitudetowardsglobalwarming?A.Optimistic. B.Worried.C.Terrified. D.Unconcerned.【解析】選B。觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容以及最后一段中“It’sscarytothinkofourdescendentsstrugglingtosurviveinavirtuallyuninhabitableworld.”可知,作者對(duì)目前的氣候變化給人類(lèi)帶來(lái)的災(zāi)難感到憂(yōu)慮。故選B。scary作形容詞,意為“使人驚慌的”?！局R(shí)拓展】佳詞積累

1.temperaturen.溫度;氣溫

2.extreme adj.極端的

3.melt v.融化

4.particularly adv.尤其;特別地

5.absolutely adv.絕對(duì)地;完全地

6.generation n.一代;一代人

7.impact n.&v.影響B(tài)(2020·烏魯木齊模擬)Artificialintelligence(AI)technologymaysoonbeausefultoolfordoctors.Itmayhelpthembetterunderstandandtreatdiseaseslikebreastcancerinwaysthatwereneverbeforepossible.RishiRawatteachesAIattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia’s(USC)ClinicalScienceCenterinLosAngeles.HeispartofateamofscientistswhoareresearchinghowAIandmachinelearningcanmoreeasilyrecognizecancerousgrowthsinthebreast.Rawatprovidesinformationaboutcancercellsforacomputer.Hesaysthisdatahelpsthemachinelearn.“Youcanputthedataintocomputersandtheywilllearnthepatternsandthepatternrecognitionisimportanttomakingdecisions.”DavidAgusisanotherUSCresearcher.Hesaysmachinesarenotgoingtotaketheplaceofdoctors.“Computerswillnottreatpatients,buttheywillhelpmakecertaindecisionsandlookforthingsthatthehumanbraincan’trecognizebyitself.Onceaconfirmedcancerousgrowthisremoved,doctorsstillhavetotreatthepatienttoreducetheriskofcancerreturning.Theformoftreatmentdependsonthekindofcancer.”Currently,researcherstakeathinpieceoftissue,putitonasmallpieceofglassandaddcolortobetterseethecells.Thatprocesscouldtakedaysorevenlonger.Scientistssayartificialintelligencecandosomethingbetterthanjustcountcells.Throughmachinelearning,itcanrecognizecomplexpatterns,orstructures,andlearnhowthecellsareorganized.Thehopeisthatmachineswillsoonbeabletomakeaquickidentificationofcancerthatisfreeofhumanmistakes.“Allofasudden,wehavethecomputingpowertoreallydoitinrealtime.Wecouldn’thavedonethis,wedidn’thavethecomputingpowertodothisseveralyearsago,butnowit’sallchanged.”Agusaddsthattheprocesscouldbedoneforalmostnocostinthedevelopingworld.Hesaysthathavingalargeamountofinformationaboutpatientsisimportantforamachinetoeffectivelydoitsjobinmedicine.TheUniversityof【文章大意】本文是一篇科普文章。文章介紹人工智能,并解釋了它在治療癌癥中的作用,希望機(jī)器很快就能快速識(shí)別出沒(méi)有人類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤的癌癥。5.InRishiRawat’sresearch,________.

A.thedataputintocomputerscontributestocancerrecognitionB.manycancersarebeingstudiedatthemomentC.machinelearninghasreplaceddoctors’workD.thefocusisonthecureforcancer【解析】選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Rawatprovidesinformationaboutcancercellsforacomputer.Hesaysthisdatahelpsthemachinelearn.“Youcanputthedataintocomputersandtheywilllearnthepatternsandthepatternrecognitionisimportanttomakingdecisions.”可知,在RishiRawat的研究中,輸入電腦的數(shù)據(jù)有助于對(duì)癌癥的識(shí)別。故選A。6.WhatisthepurposeofDavidAgus’swordsinParagraph3?A.Toprovidesomeadvicefordoctors.B.Tointroducethedevelopmentofcancer.C.Toappealtoscientiststoresearchintocancer.D.ToexplainthefunctionofAIintreatingcancer.【解析】選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中Scientistssayartificialintelligencecandosomethingbetterthanjustcountcells.Throughmachinelearning,itcanrecognizecomplexpatterns,orstructures,andlearnhowthecellsareorganized.“科學(xué)家們表示,人工智能可以做的不僅僅是計(jì)數(shù)細(xì)胞。通過(guò)機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí),它可以識(shí)別復(fù)雜的模式或結(jié)構(gòu),并了解細(xì)胞是如何組織的?！笨芍?在第三段DavidAgus所說(shuō)的話是用來(lái)解釋人工智能在治療癌癥中的作用的。故選D。7.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.AIcanmakedecisionsfordoctors.B.Developingcountriesmightbelackoffunds.C.AIwillhopefullymakeanaccurateidentificationofcancer.D.Computingpowerhaslonghelpedwiththeidentificationofcancer.【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中Thehopeisthatmachineswillsoonbeabletomakeaquickidentificationofcancerthatisfreeofhumanmistakes.“希望機(jī)器很快就能快速識(shí)別出沒(méi)有人類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤的癌癥?！笨芍?C項(xiàng)正確。8.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsAIusedintreatingcancer?A.Positive.B.Indifferent.C.Doubtful. D.Negative.【解析】選A。觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段TheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniaresearchersarenowonlystudyingbreastcancer.Butdoctorspredictartificialintelligencewillonedaymakeadifferenceinallformsofcancer.“南加州大學(xué)的研究人員目前只研究乳腺癌。但醫(yī)生預(yù)測(cè),人工智能終有一天會(huì)在所有癌癥中發(fā)揮作用?！笨芍?作者對(duì)人工智能治療癌癥的態(tài)度是“積極的,肯定的”。故選A?！局R(shí)拓展】長(zhǎng)難句分析

(Para.3)Computerswillnottreatpatients,buttheywillhelpmakecertaindecisionsandlookforthingsthatthehumanbraincan’trecognizebyitself.

分析:這是一個(gè)由but連接的并列句;that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞things。

翻譯:計(jì)算機(jī)不會(huì)治療病人,但它們會(huì)協(xié)助做出某些判斷,并尋找人類(lèi)大腦無(wú)法自己識(shí)別的東西。Ⅱ.完形填空OnthesnowymorningofJanuary28,Ionlyplannedtotakemygarbageoutbeforeheadingstraightbackinside.However,whiletakingthegarbageouttothe1alongtheroad,myfour-year-oldblackLabrador,Midnight,startedactingstrangely.Herearsperkedup(豎起)2me.Ihadneverseenhermakethatexpression.

Ifeltsomethingmightbe3,soIletMidnightleadthewayandfollowedherovertomy4neighbor’shouse.Whenwegottoaspotontheothersideofthehome,we587-year-oldNoreenlyinginthe6.Ifiguredshehadbeenoutthereatleastoneandahalfhours.Hurriedly,I7herupandbroughtherintomyhome.

Onceinside,mywifeandImadesureshewasn’tseriouslyinjuredand8shedidn’thavefrostbite(凍傷).However,herhandswerealready9sowehelpedherwarmupandgaveherdryclothes.LaterNoreenexplainedtomeshehadgoneoutearlierthat10tofillherbirdfeederbeforethetemperaturedroppedevenfurtherthefollowingdaybutshewas11inthesnowaftertakinga12Noreenisnowmuchbetterbutknowshow13shecametolosingherlife.Shewasgrateful.“MidnightiswithoutdoubtthereasonIamstill14today,”saidNoreen.

WithoutMidnightIwouldneverhaveseenNoreenlyingontheground.We’vebeenvery15ofherbecauseit’snoteverydogthatpaysattentiontothingslikethis.

【文章大意】本文是記敘文。文章敘述了在一個(gè)極度寒冷的早晨,一只拉布拉多犬的異常行為,引起了主人的關(guān)注,跟隨他的狗,他發(fā)現(xiàn)87歲的鄰居倒在雪地上危在旦夕。他立刻對(duì)老人進(jìn)行救助,最后老人脫離危險(xiǎn)。1.A.car B.mailbox C.dustbin D.court【解析】選C。根據(jù)上下文以及常識(shí),作者把垃圾拿出去放入外面路邊的垃圾箱里(dustbin)。car“車(chē)”;mailbox“郵箱”;court“網(wǎng)球場(chǎng)”。2.A.lookingat B.walkingbesideC.lookingafter D.listeningto【解析】選A。根據(jù)第一段最后一個(gè)單詞expression“表情”,可以推斷出來(lái),作者的狗豎著耳朵看著(lookingat)他,表情不尋常。walkingbeside“走在……旁邊”;lookingafter“照看”;listeningto“聽(tīng)著”。3.A.unique B.special C.wrong D.sharp【解析】選C。根據(jù)上文他的狗的異樣行為和表情,作者感覺(jué)到出了什么事情。somethingiswrong“出了什么事情”;unique“獨(dú)特的”;special“特殊的”;sharp“鋒利的”。4.A.elderly B.former C.young D.sick【解析】選A。根據(jù)下文87-year-oldNoreen,可以知道是上了年紀(jì)的(elderly)鄰居。former“以前的”;young“年輕的”;sick“有病的”。5.A.found B.rememberedC.recognized D.knew【解析】選A。根據(jù)上下文,作者發(fā)現(xiàn)(found)87歲的鄰居正躺在雪地里。6.A.water B.snow C.field D.wind【解析】選B。根據(jù)文章開(kāi)頭提到的snowymorning以及后面inthesnow,得知這里老鄰居是躺在雪地里。7.A.put B.lifted C.took D.woke【解析】選B。當(dāng)作者意識(shí)到老人躺在雪地里至少一個(gè)半小時(shí)時(shí),立刻把她抬起來(lái)(liftedup)并帶回家。putup“建起”,tookup“從事、拿起、占據(jù)”;wokeup“喚醒”。8.A.understood B.checkedC.promised D.predicted【解析】選B。根據(jù)上下文,作者和妻子檢查(checked)一下看看老人是否有凍傷。understood“理解”;promised“承諾”;predicted“預(yù)測(cè)”。9.A.black B.white C.blue D.pink【解析】選C。根據(jù)上下文及常識(shí),她的手已經(jīng)凍得發(fā)青(blue)了。10.A.morning B.afternoonC.evening D.night【解析】選A。文章一開(kāi)始就交代OnthesnowymorningofJanuary28,所以這里選擇morning。11.A.struggling B.sleepingC.expecting D.surviving【解析】選A。根據(jù)上下文推斷,老人在雪地里摔倒了之后,在雪地里掙扎(struggling),試圖站起來(lái),但是沒(méi)有成功。其他不符合語(yǔ)境:sleeping“睡覺(jué)”;expecting“期待”;surviving“生存”。12.A.break B.fall C.breath D.step【解析】選B。根據(jù)上下文推斷出來(lái),老人是在雪地里摔倒了,爬不起來(lái)。takeafall“摔了一跤”;takeabreak“休息一下”;takeabreath“喘口氣”;takeastep“采取措施;邁出一步”。13.A.narrow B.painfulC.close D.hopeless【解析】選C。Noreen現(xiàn)在好多了,但她知道自己差點(diǎn)丟了性命。beclosetodoing“接近”,固定搭配。narrow“狹窄的”;painful“痛苦的”;hopeless“沒(méi)有希望的”。14.A.dead B.lucky C.free D.alive【解析】選D。根據(jù)上下文可知:鄰居Noreen說(shuō),她能活著(alive)多虧了Midnight。15.A.afraid B.aware C.ashamed D.proud【解析】選D。根據(jù)上下文,作者為自己的狗救人的事跡感到自豪(proud)。beproudof“為……而自豪”;beafraidof“害怕”;beawareof“意識(shí)到”;beashamedof“為……而羞愧”。Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Wecanliveforweekswithoutfood,dayswithoutwater,butonlyafewminuteswithoutair.Thequalityoftheairwebreatheis1.________(extreme)importantforoverallhealthandwellbeing.Airpollutionisamajorcauseofdeath2.________illnessintheworld.Whilethereareseveralnaturalsourcesofairpollution,humanactivities,among3.________industry,heatingandtransportarethemostsevere,havemadeasignificantcontribution4.________airpollutionovercenturies,particularlyafterthebeginningoftheindustrialrevolutioninthelate1700s.Nowadays,outdoorairpollutantsincludefinepa