湖南省部分學(xué)校2023-2024學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期期末聯(lián)考英語試題

英語注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)、考場(chǎng)號(hào)、座位號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Daydreaming.B.Makingatravelplan.C.Describingherdreamjob.2.Whosespiritisworthylearningaccordingtotheman’swords?A.Thewoman’s.B.Theman’s.C.Sam’s.3Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Theman’suncle.B.Ananimal.C.Agoodluck.4.Whatdoesthewomandislike?A.Thesoupmadebyhermother.B.Thefriedricemadebyhermother.C.Thedumplingsmadebyherfather.5.WhatdoesthemarlwantLilytodo?A.Finishanartassignment.B.MakeacardforMary.C.Prepareforanexam.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Onthephone.B.Atthecinema.C.Inacar.7.Whatkindofmoviedothespeakersdecidetosee?A.Anactionmovie.B.Acartoonmovie.C.Aedy.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Brotherandsister.B.Auntandnephew.C.Motherandson.9.Howoldistheman’smothernow?A.55yearsold.B.56yearsold.C.57yearsold.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whydoesthewomandothepresentjob?A.Shelivesnearherworkplace.B.Herpanypaysverywell.C.Shecanlearnsomeskills.11.Whichstrangejobdoesthewomanprefer?A.Ahoteltestsleeper.B.Anicecreamtaster.C.Adogfoodtaster.12.Howmanystrangejobsdoesthemanmention?A.Four.B.Five.C.Six.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whatdidthewomandowiththethief?A.Shepretendednottoseehim.B.Shefoughtwithhim.C.Shedidasheasked.14.Whatdidthethiefsteal?A.Anecklace.B.Somemoney.C.Nothing.15.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Fitahomealarmsystem.B.Callthepolice.C.Keepadog.16.Whatdoesthemansayaboutthewoman?A.Sheispuzzled.B.Sheisbrave.C.Sheisfrightened.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.WheredidGeorgeparkhiscar?A.Atasquare.B.Ataparkinglot.C.Onanarrowstreet.18.Whatwasthetimewhenhegotoutofhiscar?A.At4:20pm.B.At4:40pm.C.At5:00pm.19.WheredidGeorgeputhiskeys?A.Inhispocket.B.Inhiscar.C.Onthebench.20WhywasGeorgeunabletoseehiscaratfirst?A.Someonestoleit.B.Itwasbehindanothercar.C.Hewenttoawrongplace.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AParis,thecapitalofFrance,hassomeattractivebridges.ThesearefourofthemostbeautifulbridgesinParis:someiniconic(標(biāo)志性的)placesyou’veseeninthemovies,andothersinquietplacesthatyou’lldelightindiscovering.PontdesArtsConnectingtheLouvreMuseumtotheInstitutdeFrance,thePontdesArts,firstbuiltbyNapoleonBonapartein1804andreconstructedinthe1970s,isabridgeonlyforpeoplewalkingthatisbelovedbytouristsandlocalsalike.Inthespringandsummermonths,ParisiansandvisitorsehereforlazypicnicsoverlookingtheSeine.PontMarleThislovelybutlittleknownbridgeisagatewaybetweentheMaraisdistrictontherightbankandanaturalislandontheSeineRiver.Thecurrentstonestructuredatestoaround1670,followingafireonitswoodenstructurethatdestroyedmuchoftheoriginalbridgeandthehousesthatoncestoodonit.Ithasremainedmuchthesamesincethe18thcentury,makingitoneofParis’oldestbridges.PontAlexandreⅢThePontAlexandreⅢisprobablythemostattractiveofParis’manybridges.Builtbetween1896and1900,itconnectsthedesInvalideswiththegardensofthePetitPalais.It’safterdarkthatyoucanbestappreciateitsdelicatestatuesandotherdecorativeelements.PontNeufFirstbuiltin1578byKingHenryⅢ,PontNeufhasseennumerousreconstructionsandchangesoverthecenturies.ButitconservesitsRomaninspiredarch(拱形)structures.Thisisalovelybridgethatofferseasyandpicturesqueaccesstotheleftandrightbank.Havesomeicecream,explorethelovelyriversidepathsandenjoyviewsofNotreDameCathedral.1.WhatisspecialaboutthePontdesArts?A.Ithasbeenrebuiltmanytimes. B.ItisoneofParis’oldestbridges.C.Itisabridgeonlyforpeoplewalking. D.ItisthemostattractivebridgeinParis.2.Whichistheoldestamongthefourbridges?A.PontdesArts. B.PontMarie.C.PontAlexandreⅢ D.PontNeuf.3.Whereisthetextprobablyfrom?A.Aguidebook. B.Ahealthmagazine.C.Anewsreport. D.Abookreview.【答案】1.C2.D3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了法國首都巴黎有一些很有吸引力的橋梁?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章PontdesArts段講到“ConnectingtheLouvreMuseumtotheInstitutdeFrance,thePontdesArts,firstbuiltbyNapoleonBonapartein1804and

reconstructedinthe1970s,isabridgeonlyforpeoplewalkingthatisbelovedbytouristsandlocalsalike.(連接盧浮宮和法蘭西學(xué)院的藝術(shù)橋(PontdesArts)是1804年由拿破侖·波拿巴(NapoleonBonaparte)建造的，在20世紀(jì)70年代重建，是一座僅供行人行走的橋，受到游客和當(dāng)?shù)厝说南矏邸?”可知，藝術(shù)橋的特別之處是這是一座供人行走的橋。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章PontdesArts部分講到“firstbuiltbyNapoleonBonapartein1804(1804年由拿破侖·波拿巴首次建造)”、PontMarie.部分講到“Thecurrentstonestructuredatestoaround1670(目前的石頭結(jié)構(gòu)可以追溯到1670年左右)”、PontAlexandreⅢ部分講到“Builtbetween1896and1900(建于1896年至1900年)”以及PontNeuf部分講到“Firstbuiltin1578byKingHenryⅢ(始建于1578年，由國王亨利三世建造)”可知，四座橋中最古老的是PontNeuf。故選D。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。文章第一段講到“Paris,thecapitalofFrance,hassomeattractivebridges.ThesearefourofthemostbeautifulbridgesinParis:someiniconic(標(biāo)志性的)placesyou’veseeninthemovies,andothersinquietplacesthatyou’lldelightindiscovering.(法國首都巴黎有一些很有吸引力的橋梁。這是巴黎最美麗的四座橋：一些在你在電影中看到的標(biāo)志性地方，另一些在你樂于發(fā)現(xiàn)的安靜地方。)”可知，本文大概出自一本指南。故選A。BEverydayJuanitaMengel,a67yearoldwomanfromthestateofOhio,wakesupandputsonherprosthetic(假體的)leg.Then,MengeldoesthesameforLolaPearl,herfiveyearoldcat.LolaPearlalsomissedherbackleftleg.Mengelhasmanycats.Mostofthemhavedisabilities.ButLolaPearlisspecial.Sheisatherapy(治療)cat.And,sheandMengelarepartnersofakind.Theyareamong200therapycatteamsregisteredintheUnitedStatesbythenonprofitgroup,PetPartners.Thegrouphelpshumansandpetsalikebysettingthemupintoteamstoprovideanimalassisted(幫助)therapy.Theteamsvisithospitals,nursinghomesandschoolsandassistthoseinneed.Besidesdogsandcats,PetPartnersregistersotherspeciesastherapyanimals,includinghorses,rabbits,rats,guineapigs,birdsandminipigs.TaylorGriffinisnationaldirectoratPetPartners.Shesaid,“Therapyanimalsareanimalswho’vebeengaugedwhethertheyaresuitableforassistingsomepeople,andarebasedontheirabilitytomeetnewpeopleandenjoytheprocess.”MengelsaidLolaPearlshowedsignsthatshewouldmakeagoodtherapycatsoonaftertheanimaljoinedherfamily.“Ijustknewshewouldbeagoodtherapybecauseshewassogoodwithpeople.Peoplereallywereattractedtoher,too,”Mengelsaid.Mengelwasatravelingnursewhenshewasinacaraccidentthatalmostkilledher.Oneofherlegscouldnotbesaved.Later,sheconnectedwithafriendinthestateofMissouriwhohadaseverelyinjuredkitten.Thecat’slegsweretwistedtogether.Ananimalmedicalspecialistworkedtorepairthedamage,butintheend,theyhadtoremoveoneofthebabycat’slegs.ThatkittenwasLolaPearl.MengeltookLolaPearlashercataftertalkingwithherfriend.DespitethedifficultiesMengelhasfaced,sheisgratefultoLolaPearlandtheirworkinPetPartners.“It’sareallyrewardingexperience,”shesaid.“IgetjustasmuchoutofitasthepeoplethatIvisit.”4.WhatcanweknowaboutPetPartners?A.Itmainlyprovidesanimalassistedtherapy. B.ItisanonprofitgroupfoundedbyTaylorGriffin.C.Itonlyoffershelptopatientsinhospitals. D.Itdoesn’tregisterbirdsastherapyanimals.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“gauged”meaninparagraph4?A.Guessed. B.Designed. C.Explained. D.Measured.6.HowdidJuanitaMengelgettoknowLolaPearl?A.ByworkinginPetPartners. B.Throughoneofherfriends.C.ByrepairingLolaPearl’sleg. D.ThroughmovingtoMissouri.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeJuanitaMengel?A.Optimisticandhelpful. B.Proudandhumorous.C.Talkativeandthoughtful. D.Honestandtalented.【答案】4.A5.D6.B7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了非營利組織PetPartners通過將人類和寵物組成團(tuán)隊(duì)提供動(dòng)物援助，來自俄亥俄州的JuanitaMengel與治療貓LolaPearl成為伙伴，從中受益。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Thegrouphelpshumansandpetsalikebysettingthemupintoteamstoprovideanimalassisted(幫助)therapy.(該組織通過組建團(tuán)隊(duì)提供動(dòng)物輔助治療來幫助人類和寵物)”可知，PetPartners這一組織主要提供動(dòng)物輔助治療。故選A?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段“Shesaid,“Therapyanimalsareanimalswho’vebeengaugedwhethertheyaresuitableforassistingsomepeople,andarebasedontheirabilitytomeetnewpeopleandenjoytheprocess.”(她說：“治療動(dòng)物是經(jīng)過gauged它們是否是適合幫助一些人的動(dòng)物，這是基于它們結(jié)識(shí)新朋友和享受這個(gè)過程的能力?！?”可知，基于它們結(jié)識(shí)新朋友和享受這個(gè)過程的能力，治療動(dòng)物需要被衡量它們是否適合幫助人，推測(cè)劃線單詞表示“衡量”，與measured同義。故選D。【6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段“Mengelwasatravelingnursewhenshewasinacaraccidentthatalmostkilledher.Oneofherlegscouldnotbesaved.Later,sheconnectedwithafriendinthestateofMissouriwhohadaseverelyinjuredkitten.Thecat’slegsweretwistedtogether.Ananimalmedicalspecialistworkedtorepairthedamage,butintheend,theyhadtoremoveoneofthebabycat’slegs.ThatkittenwasLolaPearl.(Mengel是一名旅行護(hù)士，她遭遇了一場(chǎng)差點(diǎn)喪命的車禍。她的一條腿無法挽救。后來，她與密蘇里州的一位朋友取得了聯(lián)系，這位朋友養(yǎng)了一只嚴(yán)重受傷的小貓。貓的腿扭在一起了。一位動(dòng)物醫(yī)學(xué)專家努力修復(fù)損傷，但最終，他們不得不切除這只小貓的一條腿。那只小貓叫LolaPearl)”可知，JuanitaMengel是通過密蘇里州的一位朋友認(rèn)識(shí)LolaPearl的。故選B。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Theteamsvisithospitals,nursinghomesandschoolsandassistthoseinneed.(這些團(tuán)隊(duì)訪問醫(yī)院、療養(yǎng)院和學(xué)校，并幫助那些需要幫助的人)”以及第七段“DespitethedifficultiesMengelhasfaced,sheisgratefultoLolaPearlandtheirworkinPetPartners.(盡管Mengel遇到了困難，但她還是感謝LolaPearl和它們?cè)赑etPartners中的工作)”可知，JuanitaMengel與自己的治療動(dòng)物團(tuán)隊(duì)去幫助那些需要幫助的人，在自己遇到困難時(shí)仍然感激治療貓和他人所做的工作，可推測(cè)JuanitaMengel是樂觀且樂于助人的。故選A。CRhoughtemperaturerecordsfromDecemberhaveyettobefinalized,climatescientistsattheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministrationhavefoundthere’samorethan99%chancethat2023willhavethehottestrecordedglobalaveragetemperature,beatingout2016,thepreviousleader.Theyearwillbethehottestin174yearsofsecondkeepingwherehumanshavedirectlymeasuredthetemperatureoftheplanet.It’salsolikelytobethehottestinthelast125,000years,whichscientistsmeasurebyrebuildingtemperaturerecordsfromphysicalevidenceliketreeringsandlayersofpolaricethathavegrownovertime.TherecordbreakingyearcausedfuelclimatedrivendisastersaroundtheglobefromextremeheatthathitArizonaforweekstofloodsinLibyaandrecordhotoceansthatcausedcoraltobleach(變白)offFlorida.Scientistssaytheextremetemperaturesareinlinewithforecasts(預(yù)測(cè))forhowtheplanetwillcontinuetowarm.Thebiggestdriveroftheheatisthebuildupofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere(大氣層)fromburningfossilfuels(化石燃料).“Weknowwhythisishappening,”saysZekeHausfather,climatescientistatBerkeleyEarth,anonprofitorganizationthatstudiesclimatetrends.“Ayearlikethiswouldnothaveoccurredwithoutthetrilliontonsofcarbonwe’veputintotheatmosphereoverthelastcentury.”Evenwiththecharttoppingheatthisyear,nextyearcouldbeequallyashot.AstrongElNinohasalreadybegun,whereoceantemperatureswarmupintheeasternPacific.ElNinoyearsaretypicallyhotter,becausealargeamountofheatthat’sstoredintheoceanissenttotheatmosphere.“There’sabsolutelystilltimetoact,”anexpertsays.“Everythingwedotochangecoursetodaywillmakethingsbetterinthefuture.”8.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph1?A.2016islikelytohavethehottestglobaltemperature.B.Thetemperaturerecordsof2023havebeenfinished.C.Humansbegantodirectlymeasureglobaltemperature174yearsago.D.Treeringsarebadforrecordingtemperature.9.Whatisthemainreasonfortherecordbreakingheat?A.Thelackoffossilfuels. B.Theincreaseofgreenhousegases.C.Coralsbleachedintheocean. D.Driversputtingmuchwasteintotheair.10.Whycouldthenextyearbeequallyhotaccordingtothetext?A.ElNi?otendstocooldowntheatmosphere.B.OceanpollutionleadstoawarmingPacific.C.AstrongElNi?ohasbeguninthewesternPacific.D.Alotofheatstoredintheoceangoesintotheatmosphere.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.2023HasSufferedfromaStrongElNinoB.2023MayBetheHottestYearonRecordC.ClimatedrivenDisastersInfluenceDailyLifeD.TheOceanPlaysaKeyRoleinCoolingEarth【答案】8.C9.B10.D11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了美國國家海洋和大氣管理局的氣候科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)2023年有99%以上的可能性將成為有記錄以來最熱的一年。【8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Theyearwillbethehottestin174yearsofsecondkeepingwherehumanshavedirectlymeasuredthetemperatureoftheplanet.(這一年將是人類直接測(cè)量地球溫度的174年來最熱的一年.)”可知，人類直接測(cè)量地球溫度已有174年，即174年前，人類開始直接測(cè)量全球溫度。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Scientistssaytheextremetemperaturesareinlinewithforecasts(預(yù)測(cè))forhowtheplanetwillcontinuetowarm.Thebiggestdriveroftheheatisthebuildupofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere(大氣層)fromburningfossilfuels(化石燃料).(科學(xué)家表示，極端溫度與地球?qū)⑷绾纬掷m(xù)變暖的預(yù)測(cè)一致。熱量的最大驅(qū)動(dòng)力是燃燒化石燃料在大氣層中積聚的溫室氣體。)”可知，創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的高溫出現(xiàn)的主要原因是燃燒化石燃料在大氣中積聚的溫室氣體，即溫室氣體的增加。故選B?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Evenwiththecharttoppingheatthisyear,nextyearcouldbeequallyashot.AstrongElNinohasalreadybegun,whereoceantemperatureswarmupintheeasternPacific.ElNinoyearsaretypicallyhotter,becausealargeamountofheatthat’sstoredintheoceanissenttotheatmosphere.(即使今年的熱度高居榜首，明年也可能同樣熱。強(qiáng)烈的厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象已經(jīng)開始，東太平洋的海洋溫度上升。厄爾尼諾年通常更熱，因?yàn)閮?chǔ)存在海洋中的大量熱量被輸送到大氣中。)”可知，推測(cè)明年可能同樣熱是因?yàn)槎驙柲嶂Z現(xiàn)象已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)，儲(chǔ)存在海洋中的大量熱量會(huì)被輸送到大氣中。故選D?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“RhoughtemperaturerecordsfromDecemberhaveyettobefinalized,climatescientistsattheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministrationhavefoundthere’samorethan99%chancethat2023willhavethehottestrecordedglobalaveragetemperature,beatingout2016,thepreviousleader.Theyearwillbethehottestin174yearsofsecondkeepingwherehumanshavedirectlymeasuredthetemperatureoftheplanet.(12月的Rhough溫度記錄尚未最終確定，美國國家海洋和大氣管理局的氣候科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)2023年有99%以上的可能性將成為有記錄以來最熱的全球平均溫度，擊敗之前的領(lǐng)先者2016年。這一年將是人類直接測(cè)量地球溫度的174年來最熱的一年。)”以及文章內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了美國國家海洋和大氣管理局的氣候科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)2023年有99%以上的可能性將成為有記錄以來最熱的一年，所以“2023年可能是有記錄以來最熱的一年”適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選B。DSusanRingwoodgreetsallguestswithasimpleinvitation:tojoinherinswimmingincoldwaterintheswimmingpool.Herofferisn’tlimitedtothesummermonths,either.RingwoodandherhusbandGaryswimincoldwaterintheswimmingpoolallyearround.“Tome,it’snotjustaboutswimming.It’sauniqueexperience,”shesays.Ringwoodsimplycallsherhobby“swimming”,butsomewinterfanshavebeguntopromotecoldwaterswimmingasatreatmenttoavarietyofdiseases.Whilecoldwaterswimmingisanewfoundpassion,scientistssaythatthere’snotmuchevidencesupportingtheclaimsofthesehealthbenefits.Noristheactivitywithoutrisk.“Extremetemperaturechangescanpotentiallycauseheartattacks,evendeath,”saysFrancoisHaman,ascientistattheUniversityofOttawainCanada.Whenyourbodymeetscoldwater,itcanbeshocking.Scientistscallthisthe“coldshock”response(反應(yīng)).Whenyourskinsensesthefreezingwater,itcausesyoutotakeaquickdeepbreathforairandyourheartratetorisequicklytoaveryhighlevel,whichleadstoanincreaseinheartrateandbloodpressure.Hamansaysthatbeingincoldwaterismoredangerousthanincoldair.Waterconductsheatmuchmoreeffectivelythanair,meaningthatitcandrawtheheatfromyourbodymorequicklyandefficiently.Forthosenewtothesport,Hamansuggestsstartingslowly,gettingusedtocolderwaterduringthefall,especiallypayingattentiontosafety.Accordingtosupporters,coldwaterswimmingcanimprovehealthandimmunity(免疫力),andhelprelievepain.Butwhilethereissomepreviousscientificresearchtobackuptheseclaims,DenisBlondin,aprofessorattheUniversityofSherbrookeinQuebec,saysthatmanyofthesestudiesincludedonlyasmallnumberofpeopletakingpartinsurveywhoweremainlyyoungmenfromEuropeancountries,whichlimitswhatscientistscansaymorebroadlyandinotherpopulations.12.WhydoestheauthortellRingwood’sstory?A.Toattractvisitorstoswimming. B.TocallongueststojoinRingwood.C.Tostressthebenefitsofswimming. D.Tointroducethetopicofcoldwaterswimming.13.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.The“coldshock”responseisn’tunmon.B.Swimmingincoldwatercanbeadangerforsomereason.C.Heartrateandbloodpressuretendtoincreaseinwinter.D.Somepreparationscanbemadebeforeacoldwaterswim.14.WhatmightHamanagreewithaccordingtothetext?A.Thehealthbenefitsofcoldwaterswimmingshouldbeshowed.B.Extremetemperaturechangesaredangerousbutnotdeadly.C.Stayingincoldairislessdangerousthanincoldwater.D.Coldwaterswimmingisn’tsuitableforthosenewtothesport.15.WhatisBlondin’sattitudetopreviousresearch?A.Doubtful. B.Uncaring. C.Supportive. D.Uncertain.【答案】12.D13.B14.C15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了冷水游泳及其可能存在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“SusanRingwoodgreetsallguestswithasimpleinvitation:tojoinherinswimmingincoldwaterintheswimmingpool.(蘇珊·林伍德向所有客人發(fā)出了一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的邀請(qǐng)：和她一起在游泳池的冷水中游泳)”以及第三段“Whilecoldwaterswimmingisanewfoundpassion,scientistssaythatthere’snotmuchevidencesupportingtheclaimsofthesehealthbenefits.(雖然冷水游泳是一種新發(fā)現(xiàn)的熱情，但科學(xué)家們表示，沒有太多證據(jù)支持這些健康益處的說法)”可知，作者講述林伍德的故事，是為了引入文章的主題——冷水游泳。故選D?！?3題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“Whenyourbodymeetscoldwater,itcanbeshocking.Scientistscallthisthe“coldshock”response(反應(yīng)).Whenyourskinsensesthefreezingwater,itcausesyoutotakeaquickdeepbreathforairandyourheartratetorisequicklytoaveryhighlevel,whichleadstoanincreaseinheartrateandbloodpressure.(當(dāng)你的身體遇到冷水時(shí)，可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致休克?？茖W(xué)家稱之為“冷休克”反應(yīng)。當(dāng)你的皮膚感覺到冰冷的水時(shí)，它會(huì)讓你快速深呼吸得到空氣，你的心率會(huì)迅速上升到很高的水平，從而導(dǎo)致心率和血壓升高)”可知，本段主要介紹了冷水中游泳可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致冷休克，心率和血壓升高，出現(xiàn)危險(xiǎn)，即由于某些原因，在冷水中游泳可能會(huì)有危險(xiǎn)。故選B?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Haman

says

that

being

in

cold

water

is

more

dangerous

than

in

cold

air.

(哈曼說，待在冷水中比在冷空氣中更危險(xiǎn))”可知，哈曼認(rèn)為待在冷空氣中比待在冷水中危險(xiǎn)性小。故選C?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段“Butwhilethereissomepreviousscientificresearchtobackuptheseclaims,DenisBlondin,aprofessorattheUniversityofSherbrookeinQuebec,saysthatmanyofthesestudiesincludedonlyasmallnumberofpeopletakingpartinsurveywhoweremainlyyoungmenfromEuropeancountries,whichlimitswhatscientistscansaymorebroadlyandinotherpopulations.(但是，盡管之前有一些科學(xué)研究支持這些說法，但魁北克舍布魯克大學(xué)教授DenisBlondin表示，許多這些研究只包括一小部分參與調(diào)查的人，他們主要是來自歐洲國家的年輕男性，這限制了科學(xué)家在更廣泛和其他人群中的說法)”可知，DenisBlondin認(rèn)為之前研究的被調(diào)查對(duì)象有限制，對(duì)其研究結(jié)果持懷疑的態(tài)度。故選A。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。BenefitsOfColdWeatherThere’snodoubtaboutit—coldweathercanbeprettyunpleasant.___16___Soifyou’refeelingdownaboutthecoldtemperaturesoutside,readonforafewreasonstobehappyaboutthem!Itboostsyourbrain.Coldtemperaturescanexciteyourbrain,allowingimprovedfocusandgreaterclarityofthought.Thecoldclimateincreasesoxygenflowtothebrain.___17___Itincreasesbrownfatcontent.Coldweatherhastheuniqueabilitytoincreasethenumberofbrownfatcells.___18___.Notonlydotheyhelpusstayfortablywarmincoldtemperaturesbuttheymayalsoevenpromoteweightlossovertime.___19___Incoldweather,anevenbodytemperaturecanbebeneficialforagoodnight’srest.Asourbodiestrytokeepwarmwhenit’scoldout,bloodvesselsgetnarrowerandhelpcontrolyoursleeptemperatureforamorerelaxedandrestfulsleep.Peoplesleepingincolderenvironmentsgenerallywakeupfeelingmorerefreshedthanthosesleepinginwarmertemperatures.Itimprovesskinhealth.___20___Lowtemperaturesforceustodresswarmlyagainstthecold,leadingtoprotectionagainstenvironmentalaspectsthatwouldotherwiseremovewaterfromourskin.Allinall,therearemanybenefitstospendingtimeoutsideincoldweather!Nexttimeyouwanttostayinsideandavoidthecold,keepthesebenefitsinmindandconsidergettingoutsideforafewminutes!A.Ithelpsyousleep.B.Itraiseshealthawareness.C.Thus,thecentralnervoussystemcanperformatincreasedlevels.D.Coldweatherexposureisahelpfulcontributiontoourwellbeing.E.Theyareimportantforcontrollingbodytemperaturebyproducingheat.F.Coldweathercanbegoodforkeepingourskinlookingandfeelinghealthy.G.Whileitmakesuswanttostayindoors,coldweatherhassomemajorbenefits.【答案】16.G17.C18.E19.A20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了寒冷天氣的一些好處?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“There’snodoubtaboutit—coldweathercanbeprettyunpleasant.(毫無疑問，寒冷的天氣會(huì)讓人很不舒服。)”以及后文“Soifyou’refeelingdownaboutthecoldtemperaturesoutside,readonforafewreasonstobehappyaboutthem!(所以，如果你對(duì)外面的寒冷天氣感到沮喪，那就往下讀，看看有什么理由讓你開心起來吧！)”可知，后文提到了寒冷的天氣也有理由開心，說明寒冷的天氣也有好處。故G選項(xiàng)“雖然它使我們想呆在室內(nèi)，但寒冷的天氣也有一些主要的好處”符合語境，故選G。【17題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Itboostsyourbrain.Coldtemperaturescanexciteyourbrain,allowingimprovedfocusandgreaterclarityofthought.Thecoldclimateincreasesoxygenflowtothebrain.(它能增強(qiáng)你的大腦。低溫可以刺激你的大腦，讓你的注意力更集中，思維更清晰。寒冷的氣候增加了大腦的氧氣流量。)”可知，本句與上文構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，指出寒冷的氣候增加了大腦的氧氣流量所帶來的積極影響。故C選項(xiàng)“因此，中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)可以在更高的水平上工作?！狈险Z境，故選C。【18題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Itincreasesbrownfatcontent.Coldweatherhastheuniqueabilitytoincreasethenumberofbrownfatcells.(它增加棕色脂肪的含量。寒冷的天氣有增加棕色脂肪細(xì)胞數(shù)量的獨(dú)特能力。)”以及后文“Notonlydotheyhelpusstayfortablywarmincoldtemperatures,buttheymayalsoevenpromoteweightlossovertime.(它們不僅能幫助我們?cè)诤涞奶鞖饫锉３质孢m溫暖，而且隨著時(shí)間的推移，它們甚至還能促進(jìn)減肥。)”可知，本句承接上文，解釋棕色脂肪細(xì)胞的作用，E選項(xiàng)中They指代上文brownfatcells。故E選項(xiàng)“它們通過產(chǎn)生熱量對(duì)控制體溫很重要?！狈险Z境，故選E?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“Incoldweather,anevenbodytemperaturecanbebeneficialforagoodnight’srest.Asourbodiestrytokeepwarmwhenit’s‘coldout,bloodvesselsgetnarrowerandhelpcontrolyoursleeptemperatureforamorerelaxedandrestfulsleep.Peoplesleepingincolderenvironmentsgenerallywakeupfeelingmorerefreshedthanthosesleepinginwarmertemperatures.(在寒冷的天氣里，穩(wěn)定的體溫有助于晚上睡個(gè)好覺。當(dāng)外面很冷的時(shí)候，我們的身體會(huì)試圖保持溫暖，血管會(huì)變窄，幫助控制你的睡眠溫度，從而獲得更放松、更安寧的睡眠。睡在寒冷環(huán)境中的人醒來時(shí)通常比睡在溫暖環(huán)境中的人更神清氣爽。)”可知，本段的主旨是寒冷的天氣有助于睡眠。故A選項(xiàng)“它有助于睡眠?！狈险Z境，故選A?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Lowtemperaturesforceustodresswarmlyagainstthecold,leadingtoprotectionagainstenvironmentalaspectsthatwouldotherwiseremovewaterfromourskin.(低溫迫使我們穿上暖和的衣服來抵御寒冷，從而保護(hù)我們免受環(huán)境因素的影響，否則會(huì)使皮膚失去水分。)”可知，后文提到低溫會(huì)避免皮膚失去水分，即寒冷天氣對(duì)皮膚有好處。故F選項(xiàng)“寒冷的天氣可以使我們的皮膚看起來和感覺健康?！狈险Z境，故選F。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。TheSpringFestivalisthemostimportantfestivalforChinese.Thisyear,Idecidedtoparticipateinalltheactivitiesorganizedfor____21____studentstocelebratetheSpringFestival.Thepreparationbeganamonthago,____22____ourroomswithSpringFestivalcouplets(對(duì)聯(lián))andNewYearpaintings.Laterwe____23____anactivitytowriteSpringFestivalcouplets.WhenIsawmyteacherbringaspecialkindofpen,Ibecame____24____toknowwhatitwascalled.Inaddition,weweregoingtouseabrushto____25____Chinesecharactersonredpaper.Besides,therewasanother____26____thingcalledink.After____27____thetoolsneededforSpringFestivalcouplets,westartedour____28____journey.Theteachertaughtushowtoholdawritingbrush.Itriedtoholdit,____29____itintheink,andstartwritingcarefully,butthe_____30_____ofthepenwastoosoftandIcouldn’t_____31_____itatall.IwasdisappointedbutIdidnotgiveup.Icarefullystudiedtheteacher’s_____32_____.Afterseveralattempts,IwrotealineofwordsAtthistime,Ifoundthatmysleeves(袖子)werealreadyfilledwithinkasIwastoofocusedon_____33_____.EvensoIwasveryhappy,becauseIfeltthatIhadlearnedthe_____34_____ofwritingcalligraphy,thatis,toholdthepeninthecorrect_____35_____.ThenIrealizedsometimesIhavetoexperiencesomethinginordertounderstandit.21.A.minority B.foreign C.local D.lowine22.A.cleaning B.decorating C.designing D.building23.A.won B.described C.launched D.restricted24.A.curious B.miserable C.upset D.ashamed25.A.learn B.carve C.draw D.write26.A.magical B.global C.affordable D.useless27.A.using B.mixing C.recycling D.understanding28.A.repetitive B.easy C.creative D.effective29.A.dip B.hang C.cover D.set30.A.figure B.material C.ink D.tip31.A.correct B.make C.accept D.solve32.A.goal B.method C.reaction D.course33.A.improving B.reading C.practising D.listening34.A.difficulty B.form C.meaning D.way35A.posture B.emotion C.attitude D.habit【答案】21.B22.B23.C24.A25.D26.A27.D28.C29.A30.D31.B32.B33.C34.D35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了一位外國的留學(xué)生在中國學(xué)校感受春節(jié)傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗的故事?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：今年寒假期間，我決定留在學(xué)校參加所有為外國學(xué)生組織的慶祝春節(jié)的活動(dòng)。A.minority少數(shù)的；B.foreign外國的；C.local當(dāng)?shù)氐?；D.lowine低收入的。根據(jù)前文“TheSpringFestivalisthemostimportantfestivalforChinese.”以及下文內(nèi)容可知，此處說的是為外國留學(xué)生組織春節(jié)慶?；顒?dòng)。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：準(zhǔn)備工作一個(gè)月前就開始了，我們用春聯(lián)和年畫裝飾房間。A.cleaning打掃；B.decorating裝飾；C.designing設(shè)計(jì)；D.building建立。根據(jù)后面的“SpringFestivalcoupletsandnewyearpainting(春節(jié)對(duì)聯(lián)和年畫）”可知，此處指的是裝飾房間。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：后來我們發(fā)起了寫春聯(lián)的活動(dòng)。A.won贏得；B.described描述；C.launched發(fā)起；D.restricted限制。結(jié)合后面的“anactivitytowriteSpringFestivalcouplets(一個(gè)寫春節(jié)對(duì)聯(lián)的活動(dòng)）”可知，我們發(fā)起了這個(gè)活動(dòng)。故選C。【24題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我看到我的老師帶來一種特殊的筆，我好奇它叫什么。A.curious好奇的；B.miserable困苦的，悲慘的；C.upset不安的；D.ashamed羞愧的。結(jié)合前文“WhenIsawmyteacherbringaspecialkindofpen”以及下文“toknowwhatitwascalled”可知，老師帶來了一種特殊的筆，作者對(duì)于這種筆叫什么好奇。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：此外，我們將用毛筆在紅紙上寫漢字。A.learn學(xué)習(xí)；B.carve雕刻；C.draw畫；D.write寫。前文提到brushpen(毛筆），后文提到redpaper(紅紙），可知按照中國傳統(tǒng)，要在紅紙上寫字，Chinesecharacters是中國漢字。故選D?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：此外，還有一種神奇的東西叫墨水。A.magical神奇的；B.global全球的；C.affordable買得起的；D.useless無用的。根據(jù)上文“WhenIsawmyteachersbringaspecialkindofpen,Ibecame___4___toknowwhatitwascalled”可知，作者認(rèn)為墨水也是神奇的東西。故選A。【27題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在了解了寫春聯(lián)所需的工具后，我們開始了創(chuàng)作之旅。A.using使用；B.mixing混合；C.recycling循環(huán)；D.understanding了解。根據(jù)后文“thetoolsneededforSpringFestivalcouplets,westartedour____8____journey”可知，了解了工具后，就開始寫春聯(lián)了。故選D?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在了解了寫春聯(lián)所需的工具后，我們開始了創(chuàng)作之旅。A.repetitive重復(fù)的；B.easy容易的；C.creative有創(chuàng)造性的；D.effective有效的。前文一直講作者看到毛筆是好奇的，ink(墨水）是magical(神奇的）