湖北省十一校2023-2024學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期第二次聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試題(解析版)

高中名校英語(yǔ)試卷PAGEPAGE1湖北省十一校2023-2024學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期第二次聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試題第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分）做題時(shí)，先將〖答案〗標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的〖答案〗轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題:每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)。每段對(duì)話(huà)后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話(huà)后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話(huà)僅讀一遍。1.Whatwillthewomandrinkmostprobably?A.Tea. B.Coffee. C.Water.〖答案〗C〖解析〗M:Tea,coffeeorwater?W:Theonewhichwon’tmakemesleeplessatnight.2.Whatdidthemandoatthepark?A.Heplayedbasketball. B.Hedidsomewalking. C.Hehadapicnic.〖答案〗B〖解析〗W:IrememberyoutoldmeyouweregoingtoplaybasketballwithTommytoday.Whydoyoucomebacksoearly?M:Hestoodmeup,soIjusttookawalkintheparkandnowIcomeback.Gotsomefood?I’mhungrynow.3.Howlongwillittakethewomanbysubway?A.About10minutes. B.About15minutes. C.About25minutes.〖答案〗B〖解析〗W:HowlongdoesittakefromourschooltoPeople’sTheaterbybus?M:About25minutes,butyoucansaveabout10minutesifyouchoosethesubway.4.Wheremighttheconversationtakeplace?A.Inabookstore. B.Inacinema. C.Inalibrary.〖答案〗A〖解析〗W:HowcanIhelpyou,sir?M:Yeah,IwaswonderingifyougotDanBrown’snovelTheLostSymbolhere.I’dliketobuyone.W:Oh,it’llbeontheshelvesnextMonday.Icaninformyouwhenitarrivesifyoulike.5.What’swrongwiththeman?A.Histonguehurts. B.Heatesomethingwrong. C.Hisheadaches.〖答案〗A〖解析〗W:Whatistheexpression?Doesittastereallythatbad?M:No,it’sgood.Actuallyit’stoogood.IjustbitmytonguebecauseIatetoofast.W:ForamomentIjustthoughtmyapplepiegaveyouaheadacheorsomething.第二節(jié)（共15小題:每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分22.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘，聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà)，回答以下小題。6.Whatistheweatherlikenow?A.Warm. B.Hot. C.Cold.7.Whatdoesthewomanliketodoinsummer?A.Dooutdoorsports. B.Eathotpot. C.Buyclothes.〖答案〗6.C7.A〖解析〗M:Ineedtobuysomewinterclothing.It’sgettingfreezingthesedays.W:I’mnotawinterperson.Doyoulikewinter?M:Well,atleastIwon’tsweatlikeapiginwinter.YouknowhoweasilyIsweat.Besides,IdoenjoyeatingChinesehotpotwithmyfriends.Thehotpotisjustnotthatwonderfultoeatinsummer,isit?W:IdolovethesunshineforIcandosomanyoutdooractivities,likeswimminginthewarmseawater,playingvolleyballonthebeach,etc.Oh,howImisssummer!聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà)，回答以下小題。8.Whatarethespeakersquarrellingover?A.Whethertoraiseapetrabbit.B.Howtospendmoneyontravelling.C.Whichsouvenirtochoose.9.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Colleagues. B.Friends. C.Husbandandwife.〖答案〗8.B9.C〖解析〗M:Howmuchdidyouspendonthissouvenir?W:Notmuch.Only200dollars.M:What?Itoldyouwewereonalowbudget!Weneedtospendmoneyonrealmeaningfulthingslikefoodandtraffic!Andwhatisthisstuffyoubought?Aglass-maderabbitwhichcosts200dollars!Really?W:Whatisthepointoftravellingifyoucan’tletmeenjoymyself?Whydidn’tyoujustlockmeathomesoyoucouldenjoythishoneymoonallalone?聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà)，回答以下小題。10.Whatistheman’sjob?A.Agymtrainer. B.Afinancialtrader. C.Arestaurantowner.11.Whydoesthemanprefertocookratherthanhaveatakeaway?A.Hewantstofeelcreative. B.Helovestocookforothers. C.Helikeshome-madefood.12.Whatdoesthemanconsiderthehighstress?A.Atotallybadthing. B.Agoodthingnomatterwhat. C.Agoodthingifusedproperly.13.Whatpartdoesthemanenjoyabouthisstressfuljob?A.Thesocialconnection. B.Thehighpayment. C.Theuncertainty.〖答案〗10.B11.A12.C13.C〖解析〗W:Sowhydoesyourjobhaveareputationforbeingstressful?M:Stressisgenerallydrivenbythefeelingofbeingoutofcontrolofasituationandthefeelingofasituationcontrollingyou.Tradinginfinancialmarketscombinesboth.W:Howdoyourelaxintheevening?M:Irarelydoanythingwork-relatedsoit’seasytoescape“TheMarkets”.Igenerallygotothegymorgoforarun,especiallyifI’vehadabadday.Ialwayscookamealratherthanhaveatakeaway,youknow,todosomethingmybrainwouldregardascreative.W:Wouldyouconsiderchangingyourjobbecauseofthehighstressfactor?M:Ihaveconsideredleavingmyjobduetostress-relatedfactors.However,Idothinkthatanelementofstresscanactuallybeapositivething,ifusedinarightway.W:Whatdoyouenjoyaboutthestressfulaspectsofyourjob?M:Idoactuallyenjoyanelementofuncertainty.Tradinggeneratesawiderangeofemotionssecondbysecond.It’sverychallenging.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà)，回答以下小題。14.WhydoesNOTthewomanreadnewspapers?A.Sheisworriedaboutwastingmoney.B.Sheisconcernedabouttheenvironment.C.Shegetsallnewsfromtheweb.15.Howmanyheadlinespopoutontheman’sfirstpageeveryday?A.Aboutthreeorfour. B.Aboutsixorseven. C.Abouteightornine.16.Whyisthewomanworriedaboutloadsofnews?A.Mostofthemmightnotbetrue.B.Theyconsumetoomuchtime.C.Peoplemightignoreseriousnews.17.What’sthewoman’sattitudeto“e-booksreplacingpaperbooks”?A.Supportive. B.Indifferent. C.Disapproving.〖答案〗14.B15.B16.C17.A〖解析〗M:Doyoureadnewspapersthesedays,Rachel?W:No.Idon’tevensubscribetoonebecauseIwasworriedaboutwastingpaperandthereforetrees.M:Meneither.IjustlookontheInternet.I’vegotmyfirstpagewhichpopsupaboutsixorsevenheadlineseveryday.There’salwayssomuchnewsformetochoosefrom.Onesentenceisenoughtodrawmein,andthenIendupreadingmynewsonline.W:I’mactuallyabitworriedwhenwehaveloadsofnewstochoosefrom,wewouldalwayschoosereadingentertainmentarticlesinsteadofreallyseriousnews.M:Youhaveapoint.Havingtoomanyoptionsisnotalwaysagoodthing.ButstillIwonderinthefutureiftherewillbenewspapersanyway.W:Iheardeventhemostfamousnewspapersarestartingtogobankrupt.M:Maybepaperbookswilldisappearsomeday,too.Peoplearestartingtoreadelectronicbooks.W:I’mprotheideaof“e-booksreplacingpaperbooks”,butIjustwishtheycouldmaketheexperienceofreadingane-bookmorecomfortabletooureyes.聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。18.Whatdoweknowaboutthe“ikumen”course?A.It’sforparents.B.It’sorganizedbythegovernment.C.It’scharged30,000yen.19.Whatistaughttodointhecourse?A.Cookingforkids. B.Gettingababydressed. C.Wearinga5kgpregnancyjacket.20.Whatisthemainpurposeofthistalk?A.Tointroducethe“ikumen”course.B.Tohelpbachelorslookforlove.C.Torecruitstudentsforauniversity.〖答案〗18.C19.B20.A〖解析〗W:Japanesebachelorslookingforlovecannowlearnparentingskillstoincreasetheirchancesoffindingapartner.Themale-only“ikumen”course,orparentingcourseformen,wasorganizedbyOsaka-basedcompany“ikumenUniversity”andwaspricedat30,000yen.Thecourseteachesparticipantshowtobatheanddressababyandalsohelpsthemunderstandawoman’sperspectiveonparentingthroughexercisessuchaswearinga7kgpregnancyjacket.Participantsalsolearnhowtoimprovecommunicationwithapotentialpartner.InstructorMr.TakeshiAkiyamasaidtheaimofthecoursewastohelpsinglemenlookmoreappealingtopotentialwives.“Iwantedtocreateaformofcertificationprovingaman’sparentingskillsandsupportformarriedlife,”Mr.Akiyamasaid.MasayaKurita,a31-year-oldbachelorlivinginTokyostartedthecourseafterlookingforawifeoverthelastsixmonths.“Duringtheself-reflectionpartofthecourseI’verealizedIhaveatendencytohidemyweaknesses.Ihopetobeabletoshowmymorevulnerablesideafterthis,”saidMr.MasayaKurita.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37.5分）閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AAtTheRachaelRayFoundationTM(RRF),we’reprettybiganimallovers.Asapartofourwork,wesupportawidevarietyoforganizationsthatdogoodforanimals,fromrescuetocareandmore.Gettoknowafewofthemandtheworkwedotogether.PittsburghAviationAnimalRescueTeamRRFhelpedenablePittsburghAviationAnimalRescueTeam(PAART)topurchaseanewandbiggerplaneforitsrescuemissionswhichbringanimalsfromdangertosafety.Whetheritbeflyingdogsinovercrowdedshelterstonewhomes,savinganimalscaughtinthepathofnaturaldisasters,orbringingsuppliestosheltersinneed,thebravePAARTpilotsarealwaysreadytohelp.NationalDisasterSearchDogFoundationNationalDisasterSearchDogFoundation(SDF)workstofindandtrainshelterdogswhohavethetalentanddrivetobecomesearchandrescueanimals.RRFsupportsSDF’seffortstoidentifyandtransformrescueddogsintorescuers,toprovidelifetimecareforthesedogsandtofindhomesforalldogswhoentertheSDFtrainingprogram.RachaelRaySaveThemAllGrantsThisisaprogramadministeredbyBestFriendsAnimalSociety(BFAS)tosupportBestFriends’networkpartnersintheirlifesavingefforts.Themoneyhasbeenawardedtoorganizationsacrossthecountrytofundinitiativessuchasadoptiondrivesandshelterintakepreventionefforts.NorthShoreAnimalLeagueAmericaDisasterReliefGrantsThisprogram,administeredbyNorthShoreAnimalLeagueAmerica(NSALA),providesmoneyforanimalwelfareorganizationsimpactedbydisasters.RRFisproudtohelpNSALAinitseffortstoidentifyneedsindisastersituationsandprovidetargeted,effectiverelief.21.WhatisspecialaboutPAART?A.Itprovidesnecessitiesfor-animalsinneed. B.Itconductsanimalrescuemissionsbyplane.C.ItissupportedbytheRachaelRayFoundation. D.Itassistsinfindingadoptersforrescuedanimals.22.Whichorganizationisdevotedtotrainingshelteranimalstodorescuework?A.SDF. B.BFAS. C.PAART. D.NSALA.23.Whatdothelasttwoprogramshaveincommon?A.Theybothstronglypromoteanimaladoption.B.TheyarebothinchargeofBestFriendsAnimalSociety.C.Theybothprovidefinancialassistancetoanimalwelfareinitiatives.D.Theyarebothadministeredbywelfareorganizationsimpactedbydisasters.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。這篇文章主要介紹了RachaelRayFoundation的工作以及他們與一些動(dòng)物救助組織合作的情況。他們支持各種不同的組織，從營(yíng)救行動(dòng)到照顧等等，努力為動(dòng)物提供保護(hù)和幫助?！即鸢浮?1.B22.A23.C【21題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)PittsburghAviationAnimalRescueTeam部分中“RRFhelpedenablePittsburghAviationAnimalRescueTeam(PAART)topurchaseanewandbiggerplaneforitsrescuemissionswhichbringanimalsfromdangertosafety.

(RRF幫助匹茲堡航空動(dòng)物救援隊(duì)(PAART)購(gòu)買(mǎi)了一架更大的新飛機(jī)，用于將動(dòng)物從危險(xiǎn)地帶帶到安全地帶的救援任務(wù)。)”可知，PAART通過(guò)飛機(jī)執(zhí)行動(dòng)物救援任務(wù)。故選B?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)NationalDisasterSearchDogFoundation部分中“NationalDisasterSearchDogFoundation(SDF)workstofindandtrainshelterdogswhohavethetalentanddrivetobecomesearchandrescueanimals.

(國(guó)家災(zāi)難搜索犬基金會(huì)(SDF)致力于尋找和訓(xùn)練有天賦和動(dòng)力成為搜索和救援動(dòng)物的收容所狗。)”可知，SDF致力于尋找和訓(xùn)練有天賦和動(dòng)力成為搜索和救援動(dòng)物的收容所狗。故選A?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)RachaelRaySaveThemAllGrants部分中“Themoneyhasbeenawardedtoorganizationsacrossthecountrytofundinitiativessuchasadoptiondrivesandshelterintakepreventionefforts.(這筆錢(qián)已被授予全國(guó)各地的組織，用于資助收養(yǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)和預(yù)防收容工作等舉措。)”以及NorthShoreAnimalLeagueAmericaDisasterReliefGrants部分中“Thisprogram,administeredbyNorthShoreAnimalLeagueAmerica(NSALA),providesmoneyforanimalwelfareorganizationsimpactedbydisasters.

(這個(gè)項(xiàng)目由美國(guó)北岸動(dòng)物聯(lián)盟(NSALA)管理，為受災(zāi)害影響的動(dòng)物福利組織提供資金。)”可知，這兩個(gè)項(xiàng)目都為動(dòng)物福利倡議提供財(cái)政援助。故選C。BItwasjustafter17:00onamid-SeptembereveningatahistoricalChurchinHarlem,NewYorkCity.Mostlythelow-incomeblackneighborhoodsatatdiningtables.Infrontofthemwasamenulistingthreecourses,whichtheyonlysawonTV.Eachdishwaspreparedwith“l(fā)eftover”ingredients(食材),offeredfreeofchargeandplacedalongsideabluecardthatread“youareloved”inhand-writtenscript.This-is-oneof14communitycenterscreatedaroundtheworldincitieslikeMilan,Paris,Mérida,Lima,SydneyandnowNewYorkthroughThree-MichelinstarredchefMassimoBottura’sFoodforSoulproject.Hestartedtheprojectin2016withhiswife,LaraGilmore,tohelpfighttheglobalproblemoffoodwaste-byusingingredientsthatmightotherwisebethrownawaybysuppliersandtogivesociallyandeconomicallyvulnerablepeopleaccesstohighqualitymeals.Partneringwitharchitects,artistsandcommunityleaders,theprojectistransformingspaces,whicharenotfullytakenadvantageof,suchaschurchesandevenahistoricalhomeintointentionallydesignedculturalcentersequippedwithkitchens,diningroomsandotherfacilitiesthathelpcreateasenseofwell-being,connectionandinclusion.WhenIaskedBotturawhyhecreatedsuchthoughtful.mealswithinbeautifullyappointedspacesforthelow-income,hetoldmethateveryonedeservesrespectandbeauty-andofcourse,healthyfood.“Theycomeinandarecompletelylostbecausethey’renotusedtocomingintobeautifulplaces,likethis.Butoncethey’rehere,theyrealizethatthisplaceistheirplace.It’snotmyplace,”hesaid.Bottura’sphilosophyisonethatcomesfromtheheart.T-shirtswormbyvolunteersathiscommunitycenterssay“cookingisanactoflove”,andheapproachesthefoodservedtherewithasmuchcareashedoesathisrestaurants—“probablyevenmore”,hesaidsincethedinersareextremelystressedandneedhealthyfoodtofeelbetter.Botturainsiststhatit’simportanttochangethelanguagearoundthefoodservedinhiscommunitycenters.24.Whydoestheauthordescribesuchasceneinthefirstparagraph?A.TointroduceBottura’sproject. B.Toshowtheappealofthedishes.C.Toemphasizethewarmatmosphere. D.Toexplainhowtheeventisorganized.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable”inparagraph2mean?A.Privileged. B.Independent. C.Conservative. D.Disadvantaged.26.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMassimoBottura?A.Skilledandstrict. B.Caringandconsiderate.C.Wealthyandhumorous. D.Economicalandinfluential.27.WhatfundamentalphilosophydoesMassimoBotturaexpress?A.Respectandbeautyareforall. B.Beautifulplacesinspirerespect.C.Cookingshouldbeaprofession. D.Communitycentersbringpeopletogether.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。這篇文章主要講述了意大利廚師MassimoBottura通過(guò)他的FoodforSoul項(xiàng)目，在貧困社區(qū)創(chuàng)建社區(qū)中心，為弱勢(shì)群體提供高質(zhì)量的餐食?！即鸢浮?4.A25.D26.B27.A【24題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Itwasjustafter17:00onamid-SeptembereveningatahistoricalChurchinHarlem,NewYorkCity.Mostlythelow-incomeblackneighborhoodsatatdiningtables.Infrontofthemwasamenulistingthreecourses,whichtheyonlysawonTV.Eachdishwaspreparedwith“l(fā)eftover”ingredients(食材),offeredfreeofchargeandplacedalongsideabluecardthatread“youareloved”inhand-writtenscript.(那是9月中旬的一個(gè)晚上，剛過(guò)17點(diǎn)，在紐約市哈萊姆區(qū)一座歷史悠久的教堂里。大多數(shù)低收入的黑人都坐在餐桌旁。他們面前是一份菜單，上面有三道菜，他們只在電視上看到過(guò)。每一道菜都是用“剩余”的食材準(zhǔn)備的，免費(fèi)提供，旁邊放著一張手寫(xiě)的藍(lán)色卡片，上面寫(xiě)著“你被愛(ài)著”。)”以及第二段中“This-is-oneof14communitycenterscreatedaroundtheworldincitieslikeMilan,Paris,Mérida,Lima,SydneyandnowNewYorkthroughthree-MichelinstarredchefMassimoBottura’sFoodforSoulproject.(通過(guò)米其林三星廚師MassimoBottura的FoodforSoul項(xiàng)目，在米蘭、巴黎、姆姆薩里達(dá)、利馬、悉尼和紐約等城市建立了14個(gè)社區(qū)中心，這是其中之一。)”可知，第一段描述場(chǎng)景是為了引出文章要介紹的FoodforSoul項(xiàng)目。故選A?！?5題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞前面的內(nèi)容“Hestartedtheprojectin2016withhiswife,LaraGilmore,tohelpfighttheglobalproblemoffoodwaste-byusingingredientsthatmightotherwisebethrownawaybysuppliers(2016年，他和妻子LaraGilmore開(kāi)始了這個(gè)項(xiàng)目，通過(guò)使用供應(yīng)商可能會(huì)扔掉的原料，幫助解決全球食物浪費(fèi)問(wèn)題)”以及后面的“peopleaccesstohighqualitymeals(人們可以享用高質(zhì)量的食物)”可知，MassimoBottura和妻子創(chuàng)建項(xiàng)目是通過(guò)使用供應(yīng)商可能會(huì)扔掉的原料，幫助解決全球食物浪費(fèi)問(wèn)題，并將這些材料為社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)弱勢(shì)群體享用高質(zhì)量的食物，故劃線詞與D選項(xiàng)“Disadvantaged.(貧困的)”為同義詞。故選D?！?6題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Hestartedtheprojectin2016withhiswife,LaraGilmore,tohelpfighttheglobalproblemoffoodwaste-byusingingredientsthatmightotherwisebethrownawaybysuppliersandtogivesociallyandeconomically

vulnerable

peopleaccesstohighqualitymeals.(他與妻子LaraGilmore于2016年啟動(dòng)了這個(gè)項(xiàng)目，通過(guò)使用供應(yīng)商可能會(huì)丟棄的食材，幫助解決全球食物浪費(fèi)問(wèn)題，并為社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)弱勢(shì)群體提供高質(zhì)量的膳食。)”以及第三段中“Partneringwitharchitects,artistsandcommunityleaders,theprojectistransformingspaces,whicharenotfullytakenadvantageof,suchaschurchesandevenahistoricalhomeintointentionallydesignedculturalcentersequippedwithkitchens,diningroomsandotherfacilitiesthathelpcreateasenseofwell-being,connectionandinclusion.(該項(xiàng)目與建筑師、藝術(shù)家和社區(qū)領(lǐng)袖合作，將教堂甚至歷史住宅等未被充分利用的空間轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榫脑O(shè)計(jì)的文化中心，配有廚房、餐廳和其他設(shè)施，有助于創(chuàng)造一種幸福感、聯(lián)系感和包容性。)”可知，MassimoBottura通過(guò)使用供應(yīng)商可能會(huì)扔掉的原料，幫助解決全球食物浪費(fèi)問(wèn)題，并為社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)弱勢(shì)群體提供高質(zhì)量的膳食；并且還與建筑師、藝術(shù)家和社區(qū)領(lǐng)袖合作，將教堂甚至歷史住宅等未被充分利用的空間轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榫脑O(shè)計(jì)的文化中心，配有廚房、餐廳和其他設(shè)施，有助于創(chuàng)造一種幸福感、聯(lián)系感和包容性。由此體現(xiàn)出他是一個(gè)關(guān)懷和體貼他人的人。故選B?！?7題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“WhenIaskedBotturawhyhecreatedsuchthoughtful.mealswithinbeautifullyappointedspacesforthelow-income,hetoldmethateveryonedeservesrespectandbeauty-andofcourse,healthyfood.

(當(dāng)我問(wèn)Bottura為什么要?jiǎng)?chuàng)作這么有思想的作品時(shí)。他告訴我，每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該得到尊重和美麗，當(dāng)然，還有健康的食物。)”可知，Bottura做這一切的想法基礎(chǔ)是每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該得到尊重和美麗，即尊重和美屬于所有人。故選A。CInthelate1990s,twopsychologyresearchers,weretalkingabouthowthefemalescientistsintheirlabrespondeddifferentlytostressthanthemendid.Themenwoulddisappearintotheiroffices;thewomenwouldbringcookiestolabmeetingsandbondovercoffee.Forgetfight-or-flight,theyjoked.Thewomenweretendingandbefriending.Thejokestuckinthemindofoneofthewomen,researcherLauraCousinoKlein.Psychologyresearchhassuggestedthatstressleadstoaggression,butthatwasn’therexperience.Womenweremorelikelytowanttotalkwithsomeoneabouttheirstress,spendtimewiththeirlovedones,orchanneltheirstressintocaringforothers.Shewonderedifitwaspossiblethatsciencehadgottenstresswrong.Kleindugdeeperintothescience,andshemadethesurprisingdiscoverythat90percentofthepublishedresearchonstresswasconductedonmales.SoKleinstudiedthesocialsideofstress,especiallyinwomen.Lookingatbothanimalandhumanresearch,shefoundevidencethatstresscanincreasecaring,cooperation,andcompassion(同情).Whilethetend-and-befriendtheorybeganasaninvestigationintothefemaleresponsetostress,itquicklyexpandedtoincludemen.Intimesofstress,bothmenandwomenhavebeenshowntobecomemoretrusting,generous,andwillingtoprotectothers.Thetend-and-befriendtheorydoesn’tsaythatstressalwaysleadstocaring—stresscanindeedmakeusangryanddefensive.Itsimplysaysthatstresscanmakepeoplemorecaring.Andwhenwecareforothers,itactivatessystemsofourbrainthatproducefeelingsofhopeandcourage.IwrotemybookTheUpsideofStresswiththatpurposeinmind:tohelpyoudiscoveryourownstrengthandcompassion.Seeingtheupsideofstressisnotaboutdecidingwhetherstressiseithergoodorbad.It’sabouthowchoosingtoseethegoodinstresscanhelpyoumeetthechallengesinyourlife.Tendingandbefriendingisoneofthebestwaystodothis,andtotransformyourownstressintoacatalyst(催化劑)forcourageandconnection.28.WhatdoesthejokeinparagraphIshow?A.Malescientistsaresmarterthanfemalescientists.B.Femalescientistsarefriendlierthanmalescientists.C.Mentendtoseekatemporaryescapefrompressure.D.Womencareforeachotherwhentheyareunderstress.29.WhydidLaurakeepthejokeinhermind?A.Itdidn’tfitwithherlifeexperience.B.Ithadthesametopicashernewbook.C.Itwentagainstpreviouspsychologyresearch.D.Itindicatedtheinequalitiesbetweenwomenandmen.30.Whatdoweknowaboutthetend-and-befriendtheory?A.Itisapplicabletobothmenandwomen. B.Itsuggestsstressalwaysleadstocaring.C.Itprovesthefight-or-flightresponsewrong. D.Itshowsmenaremoredefensivethanwomen.31.Whatdoestheauthor’sbookaimtodo?A.Provideevidenceforherresearch.B.Explainthefight-or-flightresponse.C.Makesuggestionsonhowtorespondtostresspositively.D.Demonstratewomen’sandmen’sdifferentresponsestostress.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是說(shuō)明文。女性在面臨壓力時(shí)會(huì)互相關(guān)心，這種“照顧與友善”理論同樣適用于男性。〖答案〗28.D29.C30.A31.C【28題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Themenwoulddisappearintotheiroffices;thewomenwouldbringcookiestolabmeetingsandbondovercoffee.Forgetfight-or-flight,theyjoked.Thewomenweretendingandbefriending.(這些人會(huì)消失在他們的辦公室里。女人們會(huì)帶著餅干參加實(shí)驗(yàn)室會(huì)議，并通過(guò)咖啡增進(jìn)感情。她們開(kāi)玩笑說(shuō)，忘記戰(zhàn)斗或逃跑吧。婦女們?cè)谡疹櫤陀焉啤?”可推知，第一段中的笑話(huà)說(shuō)明了女性在面臨壓力時(shí)會(huì)互相關(guān)心。故選D?！?9題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thejokestuckinthemindofoneofthewomen,researcherLauraCousinoKlein.Psychologyresearchhassuggestedthatstressleadstoaggression,butthatwasn’therexperience..(這個(gè)笑話(huà)深深地印在了其中一位女性研究員勞拉·庫(kù)西諾·克萊因(LauraCousinoKlein)的腦海中。心理學(xué)研究表明壓力會(huì)導(dǎo)致攻擊性，但她的經(jīng)歷并非如此。)”可知，勞拉把這個(gè)笑話(huà)記在了心里是因?yàn)樗c之前的心理學(xué)研究很不同，它違背了之前的心理學(xué)研究。故選C?！?0題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Whilethetend-and-befriendtheorybeganasaninvestigationintothefemaleresponsetostress,itquicklyexpandedtoincludemen.Intimesofstress,bothmenandwomenhavebeenshowntobecomemoretrusting,generous,andwillingtoprotectothers.(雖然“照顧與交友”理論最初是為了研究女性對(duì)壓力的反應(yīng)，但它很快就擴(kuò)展到包括男性。在壓力時(shí)期，男性和女性都會(huì)變得更加信任、慷慨并愿意保護(hù)他人。)”可知，“照顧與友善”理論適用于男性和女性。故選A?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“IwrotemybookTheUpsideofStresswiththatpurposeinmind:tohelpyoudiscoveryourownstrengthandcompassion.Seeingtheupsideofstressisnotaboutdecidingwhetherstressiseithergoodorbad.It’sabouthowchoosingtoseethegoodinstresscanhelpyoumeetthechallengesinyourlife.Tendingandbefriendingisoneofthebestwaystodothis,andtotransformyourownstressintoacatalyst( 催化劑 )forcourageandconnection.(我寫(xiě)《壓力的好處》一書(shū)就是為了這個(gè)目的：幫助你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的力量和同情心?？吹綁毫Φ暮锰幉⒉皇且獩Q定壓力是好還是壞。這是關(guān)于如何選擇在壓力中看到好處可以幫助您應(yīng)對(duì)生活中的挑戰(zhàn)。照顧和交友是最好的方法之一，并將你自己的壓力轉(zhuǎn)化為勇氣和聯(lián)系的催化劑。)”可推知，作者寫(xiě)這本書(shū)的目的是就如何積極應(yīng)對(duì)壓力提出建議。故選C。DItwaslongtheorizedthatpeoplemakedecisionsbasedonintegratedglobalcalculationsthatoccurwithinthefrontalcortex(額葉皮層)ofthebrain,whichisconsideredtheseatofhigher-orderthinking.However,Yaleresearchershavefoundthatthreedistinctbraincircuitsfromthefrontalcortexconnectingtodifferentbrainregionsareinvolvedinmakinggooddecisions,badones,anddeterminingwhichofthosepastchoicestostoreinmemory.Thestudyofdecision-makinginratsmayhelpscientistsfindtherootsofflaweddecision-makingcommontomentalhealthdisorderssuchasaddiction,theauthorssay.Theyused-anewtooltomanipulate(操縱)braincircuitsinratswhiletheyweremakingchoicesbetweenactionsthatledtothemreceivingrewardsornorewards.Iftheratsmadetherightdecision,onethatendedinareward,oneofthebraincircuitswasactivated,butanotherwasactivatediftheratsmadethewrongchoiceandreceivednoreward.Thethirdcircuitstoredpastexperiencesanddecisionstohelptheratswithfuturechoices.StephanieGroman,leadauthoroftheresearchsays,“Acomparisonwouldbedecidingonarestaurantfordinner.Forinstance,withoutthe‘goodchoice’circuityoumaynotreturntotherestaurantwithgoodfoodandwithoutthe‘badchoice’circuityoumightnotavoidtherestaurantwithbadfood.Thethird‘memory’circuitiscrucialinmakingdecisionssuchaswhethertoreturntotherestaurantafterreceivingonebadmealafterseveralgoodones.”Changesinthesecircuitsmayhelpexplainatypicalfeatureofaddiction—whypeoplecontinuetomakeharmfulchoicesevenafterrepeatednegativeexperiences.TheYaleresearcherspreviouslyshowedthatsomeofthesamebraincalculationsweredisrupted(擾亂)inanimalsthathadtakenmethamphetamine.“Becauseweusedatestthatissimilartothoseusedinstudiesofhumandecisionmaking,ourfindingshavedirectrelevancetohumansandcouldaidinthesearchfornoveltreatmentsforsubstanceabuseinhumans,”Gromansaid.32.HowwasYale’sresearchdifferentfromtheprevioustheory?A.Itdefinedthefunctionofdifferentbrainregions.B.Itidentifiedspecificcircuitsinvolvedindecision-making.C.Itfocusedontheconnectionbetweenchoicesandmemories.D.Ithighlightedtheroleofthefrontalcortexinhigher-orderthinking.33.WhatcanbeinferredfromStephanieGroman’swords?A.Memoriesarerelatedtoallthethreecircuits.B.Peoplebasetheirdecisionsonpersonalpreferences.C.Thethreecircuitsareallofvitalimportanceinmakingdecisions.D.Thecircuitrelatedtorewardsisthefoundationofdecidingwisely.34.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlyfocuson?A.Thelimitationsofthepresentstudy. B.Adescriptionoftheresearchmethod.C.Apossiblereasonforthestudyfindings. D.Thepotentialapplicationoftheconclusion.35.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.HowpeoplegetaddictedandcuredB.HowmakingdecisionsinfluencesourbrainC.HowourbraindevelopswhenfacingchoicesD.Howthebrainhelpsusmakegooddecisionsandbadones【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了大腦中的三個(gè)回路如何幫助我們做出好或壞的決定?！即鸢浮?2.B33.C34.D35.D【32題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“However,Yaleresearchershavefoundthatthreedistinctbraincircuitsfromthefrontalcortexconnectingtodifferentbrainregionsareinvolvedinmakinggooddecisions,badones,anddeterminingwhichofthosepastchoicestostoreinmemory.(然而，耶魯大學(xué)的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，從額葉皮層連接到不同大腦區(qū)域的三個(gè)不同的大腦回路參與了做出好的決定和壞的決定，以及決定將哪些過(guò)去的選擇存儲(chǔ)在記憶中。)”可知，耶魯大學(xué)的研究與之前不同在于它確定了參與決策的特定回路。故選擇B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Acomparisonwouldbedecidingonarestaurantfordinner.Forinstance,withoutthe‘goodchoice’circuityoumaynotreturntotherestaurantwithgoodfoodandwithoutthe‘badchoice’circuityoumightnotavoidtherestaurantwithbadfood.Thethird‘memory’circuitiscrucialinmakingdecisionssuchaswhethertoreturntotherestaurantafterreceivingonebadmealafterseveralgoodones.(一個(gè)比較是決定在一家餐廳用餐。例如，如果沒(méi)有“好的選擇”循環(huán)，可能不會(huì)的回到食物好吃餐廳；如果沒(méi)有“壞的選擇”回路，你可能無(wú)法避開(kāi)帶食物不好的餐廳。第三個(gè)“記憶”回路在做出決定時(shí)至關(guān)重要，比如在吃了幾頓好飯之后，是否要回到餐廳。)”可知這三個(gè)回路對(duì)于我們作出決定都有著至關(guān)重要的影響，故選擇C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Becauseweusedatestthatissimilartothoseusedinstudiesofhumandecisionmaking,ourfindingshavedirectrelevancetohumansandcouldaidinthesearchfornoveltreatmentsforsubstanceabuseinhumans(因?yàn)槲覀兪褂玫臏y(cè)試與人類(lèi)決策研究中使用的測(cè)試相似，我們的發(fā)現(xiàn)與人類(lèi)有直接相關(guān)性，有助于尋找治療人類(lèi)藥物濫用的新方法)”可知本段主要講述的是研究結(jié)論的潛在應(yīng)用。故選擇D項(xiàng)。【35題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“Yaleresearchershavefoundthatthreedistinctbraincircuitsfromthefrontalcortexconnectingtodifferentbrainregionsareinvolvedinmakinggooddecisions,badones,anddeterminingwhichofthosepastchoicestostoreinmemory.(耶魯大學(xué)的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，從額葉皮層連接到不同大腦區(qū)域的三個(gè)不同的大腦回路參與了做出好的決定和壞的決定，以及決定將過(guò)去的哪些選擇存儲(chǔ)在記憶中)”可知本文主要講述的是大腦如何幫助我們作出好或壞的決定，故選擇D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。GetBetteratSayingNoWhenrejectingarequest,“no”isashort,simplewordthatcancauseanxietyforthepersontryingtosayit.Thefollowingstrategiescanhelpyougetbetteratsayingno.Beintentionalaboutwhatyoucommunicate.____36____Sure,b