高考英語一輪高考題組訓練專題十二推理判斷

專題十二推理判斷題Passage1(2017北京,A)ItwasacoldMarchdayinHighPoint,NorthCarolina.ThegirlsontheWesleyanAcademysoftballteamwerewaitingfortheirnextturnsatbatduringpractice,stampingtheirfeettostaywarm.EighthgraderTaylorBisbeeshivered(發(fā)抖)alittleasshewatchedherteammateParisWhiteplay.Thetwodidn’tknoweachotherwell—Taylorhadjustmovedtotownamonthorsobefore.Suddenly,Parisfelltotheground.“Paris’seyesrolledback,”Taylorsays.“Shestartedshaking.Iknewitwasanemergency.”Itcertainlywas.Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure.Withoutimmediatemedicalcare,Pariswoulddie.Atfirst,noonemoved.Thegirlswereinshock.Thenthesoftballcoachshoutedout,“DoesanyoneknowCPR?”CPRisalifesavingtechnique.TodoCPR,youpressonthesickperson’schestsothatbloodmovesthroughthebodyandtakesoxygentoorgans.Withoutoxygen,thebrainisdamagedquickly.Amazingly,TaylorhadjusttakenaCPRcoursethedaybefore.Still,shehesitated.Shedidn’tthinksheknewitwellenough.Butwhennooneelsecameforward,TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR.“Itwasscary.Iknewitwasthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath,”saysTaylor.Taylor’sswiftactionhelpedherteammatescalmdown.Onegirlcalled911.Twomorerantogettheschoolnurse,whobroughtadefibrillator,anelectronicdevice(器械)thatcanshocktheheartbackintowork.Luckstayedwiththem:Paris’sheartbeatreturned.“IknowIwasreallylucky,”Parissaysnow.“Mostpeopledon’tsurvivethis.Myteamsavedmylife.”ExpertssayParisisright:Forasuddenheartfailure,thesinglebestchanceforsurvivalishavingsomeonenearbystepinanddoCPRquickly.Today,Parisisbackonthesoftballteam.Taylorwillapplytocollegesoon.Shewantstobeanurse.“Ifeelmoreconfidentinmyactionsnow,”Taylorsays.“IknowIcanactunderpressureinascarysituation.”1.WhathappenedtoParisonaMarchday?A.Shecaughtabadcold.B.Shehadasuddenheartproblem.C.Shewasknockeddownbyaball.D.Sheshiveredterriblyduringpractice.2.WhydoesParissayshewaslucky?A.Shemadeaworthyfriend.B.Sherecoveredfromshock.C.ShereceivedimmediateCPR.D.Shecamebackonthesoftballteam.3.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeTaylor?A.Enthusiasticandkind. B.Courageousandcalm.C.Cooperativeandgenerous. D.Ambitiousandprofessional.Passage2(2016北京,B)SurvivingHurricaneSandy(颶風桑迪)NatalieDoan,14,hasalwaysfeltluckytoliveinRockaway,NewYork.Livingjustafewblocksfromthebeach,Nataliecanseetheoceanandhearthewavesfromherhouse.“It’stheoceanthatmakesRockawaysospecial,”shesays.OnOctober29,2012,thatoceanturnedfierce.Thatnight,HurricaneSandyattackedtheEastCoast,andRockawaywashitespeciallyhard.Fortunately,Natalie’sfamilyescapedtoBrooklynshortlybeforethecity’sbridgesclosed.WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighborhoodinruins.ManyofNatalie’sfriendshadlosttheirhomesandwerelivingfaraway.Allaroundher,peopleweresuffering,especiallytheelderly.Natalie’sschoolwassodamagedthatshehadtotemporarilyattendaschoolinBrooklyn.Inthefollowingfewdays,themenandwomenhelpingRockawayrecoverinspiredNatalie.Volunteerscamewithcarloadsofdonatedclothingandtoys.Neighborsdevotedtheirsparetimetohelpingothersrebuild.Teenagersclimbeddozensofflightsofstairstodeliverwaterandfoodtoelderlypeopletrappedinpowerlesshighrisebuildings.“MymomtellsmethatIcan’tcontrolwhathappenstome,”Nataliesays,“butIcanalwayschoosehowIdealwithit.”Natalie’schoicewastohelp.Shecreatedawebsitepage,matchingsurvivorsinneedwithdonorswhowantedtohelp.NataliepostedinformationaboutaboynamedPatrick,wholosthisbaseballcardcollectionwhenhishouseburneddown.Withindays,Patrick’scollectionwasreplaced.Intheingmonths,herwebsitepagehelpedlotsofkids:Christopher,whoreceivedanewbasketball;Charlie,whogotanewkeyboard.NataliealsoworkedwithotherorganizationstobringmuchneededsuppliestoRockaway.Hereffortsmadeherafamousperson.LastApril,shewasinvitedtotheWhiteHouseandhonoredasaHurricaneSandyChampionofChange.Today,thescars(創(chuàng)痕)ofdestructionarestillseeninRockaway,buthopeisintheair.Thestreetsareclear,andmanyhomeshavebeenrebuilt.“Ican’timaginelivinganywherebutRockaway,”Nataliedeclares.“Myneighborhoodwillbeback,evenstrongerthanbefore.”1.WhenNataliereturnedtoRockawayafterthehurricane,shefound.

A.somefriendshadlosttheirlivesB.herneighborhoodwasdestroyedC.herschoolhadmovedtoBrooklynD.theelderlywerefreefromsuffering2.AccordingtoParagraph4,whoinspiredNataliemost?A.ThepeoplehelpingRockawayrebuild.B.Thepeopletrappedinhighrisebuildings.C.Thevolunteersdonatingmoneytosurvivors.D.Localteenagersbringingclothingtoelderlypeople.3.HowdidNataliehelpthesurvivors?A.Shegavehertoystootherkids.B.Shetookcareofyoungerchildren.C.ShecalledontheWhiteHousetohelp.D.Shebuiltaninformationsharingplatform.4.Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus?A.Littlepeoplecanmakeabigdifference.B.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.C.Eastorwest,homeisbest.D.Technologyispower.Passage3(2014北京,C)ChoosingtheRightResolution(決定)MillionsofAmericansbegan2014withthesameresolutiontheystarted2013with,agoaloflosingweight.However,settingweightlossasagoalisamistake.Toreachourgoaloflosingweight—theoutput,weneedtocontrolwhatweeat—theinput(輸入).Thatis,wetendtocareabouttheoutputbutnottocontroltheinput.Thisisabadwaytoconstructgoals.Thealternativeistofocusyourresolutionontheinput.Insteadofresolvingtoloseweight,tryanactionableresolution:“I’llstophavingdessertforlunch,”or“I’llwalkeverydayfor20minutes.”Creatingagoalthatfocusesonawellspecifiedinputwilllikelybemoreeffectivethanconcentratingontheoute.Recentlyanewsciencebehindincentives(激勵),includingineducation,hasbeendiscussed.Forexample,researcherRolandFryerwantedtoseewhatworksbestinmotivatingchildrentodobetterinschool.Insomecases,hegavestudentsincentivesbasedoninput,likereadingcertainbooks,whileinothers,theincentiveswerebasedonoutput,likeresultsonexams.Hismainfindingwasthatincentivesincreasedachievementwhenbasedoninputbuthadnoeffectwhenbasedonoutput.Fryer’sconclusionwasthattheincentivesforinputsmightbemoreeffectivebecausestudentsdonotknowhowtodobetteronanexam,asidefromgeneralruleslike“studyharder”.Readingcertainbooks,ontheotherhand,isawellsettaskoverwhichtheyhavemuchmorecontrol.Aslongasyouhavedirectcontroloveryourgoal,youhaveamuchhigherchanceofsuccess.Andit’seasiertostartagainifyoufail,becauseyouknowexactlywhatyouneedtodo.Ifyouwanttocutdownonyourspending,agoodgoalwouldbemakingmorningcoffeeathomeinsteadofgoingtoacafé,forexample.Thisisawellspecifiedactionbasedgoalforwhichyoucanmeasureyoursuccesseasily.Spendinglessmoneyisn’tagoalbecauseit’stoogeneral.Similarly,ifyouwanttospendmoretimewithyourfamily,don’tstopwiththisgeneralwish.Thinkaboutanactionablehabitthatyoucouldadoptandstickto,likeafamilymovienighteveryWednesday.Inthelongrun,thesenewgoalscouldbeeahabit.1.Thewriterthinksthatsettingweightlossasagoalisamistakebecause.

A.itishardtoachieveformostAmericansB.itisfocusedtoomuchontheresultC.itisdependentontoomanythingsD.itisbasedonactionabledecisions2.InRolandFryer’sresearch,somestudentsdidbetterthantheothersbecause.

A.theyobeyedallthegeneralrulesB.theypaidmoreattentiontoexamsC.theyweremotivatedbytheirclassmatesD.theywererewardedforreadingsomebooks3.Accordingtothewriter,whichofthefollowingstatementsisagoodgoal?A.“I’llgiveupdessert.”B.“I’llstudyharder.”C.“I’llcutdownmyexpenses.”D.“I’llspendmoretimewithmyfamily.”4.Thewriterstronglybelievesthatweshould.

A.developgoodhabitsandfocusontheouteB.beoptimisticaboutfinalgoalsandsticktothemC.pickspecificactionsthatcanbeturnedintogoodhabitsD.setambitiousgoalsthatcanbalancetheinputandoutputPassage4(2013北京,B)TailSpinTwodolphinsracearoundinabigpoolintheOceanPark.Thesmallerdolphin,Grace,showsoffafewofhertricks,turningaroundandwavinghellotothecrowd.Themostamazingthingabouther,however,isthatshe’sevenswimmingatall.Shedoesn’thaveatail.Gracelosthertailasababywhenshegotcaughtupinafishtrap.WhenthedolphinarrivedattheOceanParkinDecember2005,shewasfightingforherlife.“Isshegoingtomakeit?”Hertrainer,AbbeyStone,fearedtheworst.Gracedidmakeit—buthertaildidn’t.Sheendeduplosingherflukesandthelowerpartofherpeduncle.Overthepastsixyears,shehaslearnedtoswimwithouthertail.Dolphinsswimbymovingtheirflukesandpeduncleupanddown.Gracetaughtherselftomoveanotherway—likeafish!Shepushesherselfforwardthroughthewaterbymovingherpedunclefromsidetoside.ThemovementsputharmfulpressureonGrace’sbackbone.Soapanyofferedtocreateamanmadetailforher.ThetailhadtobestrongenoughtostayonGraceassheswambutsoftenoughthatitwouldn’thurther.ThefirsttimeGraceworetheartificialtail,shesoonshookitoffandletitsinktothebottomofthepool.Now,sheisstilllearningtousethetail.Somedaysshewearsitforanhouratatime,othersnotatall.“Thenewtailisn’tnecessaryforhertofeelfortable,”saysStone,“butithelpstokeepthatrangeofmotion(動作)andbuildmuscles(肌肉).”Now,thedolphinisabouttogetanevenhappierending.Thismonth,GracewillstarinDolphinTale,afilmthatfocusesonherrescueandrecovery.Herprogresshasinspiredmorethanjustanewmovie.Manypeopletravelfromnearandfartomeether.SeeingGraceswimwithhermanmadetailgivespeoplesomuchcourage.1.WhenGracefirstarrivedattheOceanPark,hertrainerworriedabouther.

A.physicalbuildB.potentialabilityC.chanceofsurvivalD.adaptationtothesurroundings2.AmanmadetailiscreatedforGraceto.

A.letherrecoverfaster B.makeherfortableC.adjustherwayofswimming D.helpherperformbettertricks3.ThestoryofGraceinspirespeopleto.

A.sticktotheirdreams B.treatanimalsfriendlyC.treasurewhattheyhave D.facedifficultiesbravelyPassage5(2013北京,C)DoesFameDriveYouCrazy?Althoughbeingfamousmightsoundlikeadreametrue,today’sstars,feelinglikezooanimals,facepressuresthatfewofuscanimagine.Theyareatthecenterofmuchoftheworld’sattention.Paparazzi(狗仔隊)campoutsidetheirhomes,camerasready.Tabloids(小報)publishthrillingstoriesabouttheirpersonallives.Justimaginenotbeingabletodoanythingwithoutbeingphotographedorinterruptedforasignature!AccordingtopsychologistChristinaVillarreal,celebrities—famouspeople—worryconstantlyabouttheirpublicappearance.Eventually,theystarttolosetrackofwhotheyreallyare,seeingthemselvesthewaytheirfansimaginethem,notasthepeopletheywerebeforeeveryoneknewtheirnames.“Overtime,”Villarrealsays,“theyfeelseparatedandalone.”Thephenomenonoftrackingcelebritieshasbeenaroundforages.Inthe4thcenturyB.C.,paintersfollowedAlexandertheGreatintobattle,hopingtopicturehisvictoriesforhisadmirers.WhenCharlesDickensvisitedAmericainthe19thcentury,hissoldoutreadingsattractedthousandsoffans,leadinghimtoplain(抱怨)abouthislackofprivacy.Tabloidsofthe1920sand1930sranarticlesaboutfilmstarsinmuchthesamewaythatmoderntabloidsandwebsitesdo.Beingapublicfiguretoday,however,isalotmoredifficultthanitusedtobe.Superstarscannotmoveaboutwithoutworryingaboutphotographerswithmoderncameras.Whentheysaysomethingsillyordosomethingridiculous,thereisalwaystheInternettospreadthenewsinminutesandkeeptheir“story”aliveforever.Iffameissotroublesome,whyaren’tallcelebritiesrunningawayfromit?Theansweristherearestillwaystodealwithit.Somestarsstaycalmbysurroundingthemselveswithtrustedfriendsandfamilyorbyescapingtoremoteplacesawayfrombigcities.Theyfocusnotonhowfamoustheyarebutonwhattheylovetodoorwhatevermadethemfamousinthefirstplace.Sometimesafewcelebritiescangetalittlejustice.Still,evenstarswhoenjoyfulljusticeoftenplainabouthowhardtheirlivesare.Theyaretiredofbeingfamousalready.1.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatstarstoday.

A.areoftenmisunderstoodbythepublicB.cannolongerhavetheirprivacyprotectedC.spendtoomuchontheirpublicappearanceD.carelittleabouthowtheyhaveeintofame2.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph3?A.Greatheroesofthepastweregenerallyadmired.B.Theproblemfacedbycelebritieshasalonghistory.C.Wellknownactorsareusuallytargetsoftabloids.D.Worksofpopularwritersoftenhavealotofreaders.3.Whatmakesitmuchhardertobeacelebritytoday?A.Availabilityofmodernmedia.B.Inadequatesocialrecognition.C.Lackoffavorablechances.D.Hugepopulationoffans.4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardmoderncelebrity?A.Sincere. B.Sceptical.C.Disapproving. D.Sympathetic.答案精解精析高考題組訓練Passage1[語篇解讀]本文是一篇記敘文。題材為人物故事類。介紹了TaylorBisbee用剛剛學到的心肺復(fù)蘇(CPR)及時救助隊友ParisWhite的過程。1.B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段第二句Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure.可知,Paris突發(fā)心臟病,故選B項。2.C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二、三段的內(nèi)容可知,對于心臟病突發(fā)的人來說,身邊有人能立刻實施心肺復(fù)蘇(CPR),這是幸運的,故選C項。3.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的Butwhennooneelsecameforward,TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR.和第六段中的Taylor’sswiftaction可知,Taylor在緊急時刻,表現(xiàn)得既勇敢又鎮(zhèn)靜,故選B。[重點詞匯]hesitatev.猶豫,躊躇defibrillatorn.(心臟)除顫器applyto向……提出申請[長難句]Twomorerantogettheschoolnurse,whobroughtadefibrillator,anelectronicdevice(器械)thatcanshocktheheartbackintowork.另外兩個隊友跑去找來校醫(yī)務(wù)室的護士,她帶來了除顫器,一個能電擊心臟使其恢復(fù)工作的電子器械。本句為復(fù)合句。關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,先行詞為theschoolnurse;關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語從句。Passage2[語篇解讀]本文為記敘文。颶風桑迪襲擊了Natalie的家鄉(xiāng)Rockaway,損失很大,一些人的援助行為鼓舞了Natalie,她創(chuàng)辦了一個網(wǎng)站來幫助家鄉(xiāng)的人們。1.B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段開頭“...theyfoundtheirneighborhoodinruins.”可知B項正確。2.A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段開頭第一句可知幫助Rockaway進行重建的人們鼓舞了她,包括帶來捐贈品的志愿者、幫助他人的鄰居以及幫助老人的青少年們,故A項正確。3.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段可知Natalie創(chuàng)辦了一個網(wǎng)站,發(fā)布需要幫助的幸存者的信息,從而可以讓捐贈者們找到捐贈的對象,由此可知她建立了一個信息分享平臺,故D項正確。4.A主旨大意題。從整篇文章可以得知,Natalie雖然年紀不大,但是她在颶風后家鄉(xiāng)的重建過程中,創(chuàng)辦了一個信息分享平臺,為他人提供了巨大的幫助,故A項正確。[長難句]NataliepostedinformationaboutaboynamedPatrick,wholosthisbaseballcardcollectionwhenhishouseburneddown.Natalie發(fā)布了關(guān)于一個叫Patrick的男孩的信息,當他家的房子被燒毀時,他失去了自己的棒球卡收藏品。本句為復(fù)合句。句中who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,先行詞為aboy,when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。Passage3[語篇解讀]本文為議論文。作者認為“減肥”不是一個很有效的目標,并具體解釋了設(shè)立什么樣的目標更加有效。1.B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一、二句“Toreachourgoaloflosingweight—theoutput,weneedtocontrolwhatweeat—theinput(輸入).Thatis,wetendtocareabouttheoutputbutnottocontroltheinput.”可知將減肥設(shè)定為目標過于注重輸出,輸出output相當于結(jié)果result,故選擇B項。2.D細節(jié)理解題。通讀第三段的相關(guān)內(nèi)容特別是最后一句可知本題應(yīng)選擇D項。3.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句“Creatingagoalthatfocusesonawe