黑龍江省齊齊哈爾市鐵鋒區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期4月期中英語(yǔ)試題（含答案解析）

高二下學(xué)期第一次月考英語(yǔ)試卷第一部分聽力第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatwilltheweatherbeliketomorrow?A.Windy.B.Rainy.C.Sunny.2.Whathappenedtothewoman?A.Sheforgottowashtheplates.B.Shemessedthekitchenfloor.C.Shefailedtostoresomewater.3.Whenwillthespeakersmeet?A.Thisevening.B.Tomorrowmorning.C.Tomorrowafternoon.4Wherearethespeakersprobably?A.Athome.B.Inthehotel.C.Atthestadium.5.HowwillMikegotoschooltomorrow?A.Bybike.B.Bybus.C.Bycar.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.WhatdidCandicedothismorning?A.SheboughtsomefoodB.Shepickedupherparents.C.Sheaccompaniedherfriend.7.WherewasBeckyduringthesummerbreak?A.InLosAngeles.B.InChicago.C.InKorea.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatdoesthamantalktothewoman?A.Tosendoutaninvitation.B.Toseekpermissionfromher.C.Toaskforsomeinformation.9.Whatisoppositethemuseumnow?A.Aflowershop.B.Abookstore.C.Acoffeeshop.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whycan'tTomhelpAmanda?A.Hedoesn'tlikedogs.B.Hehastoattendameeting.C.Heneedstovisithisgrandma.11.WhendidAmandagoabroad?A.In2017.B.In2018.C.In2019.12.WhatkindofroomwillAmandabookforherdog?A.Asmallroom.B.Abigroom.C.AVIProom.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Fatheranddaughter.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Hostessandinterviewee.14.WhatisAllantalkingabout?A.Languagebarriers.B.Languageloss.C.Languagesystems.15Whichonedopeoplehavedifferentopinionsabout?A.Howmanylanguagesexisttoday.B.Whysomelanguagesaredisappearing.C.Whatcausessomelanguagestogetlost.16.Howmanylanguageswillprobablydisappearbeforelong?A.About6,000.B.About3,000.C.About2,000.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whendoestheridebegin?A.At8:30am.B.At10:00am.C.At11:30am.18.Whatcanpeopledoataround12:30pm?A.Goswimming.B.Havelunch.C.Rideahorse.19.Whichitemsareunfitforriding?A.Sportsshoes.B.Hardhats.C.Warmclothes.20.Whatisincludedintheholidayprice?A.Thefood.B.Thehotelroom.C.Horseridingequipment.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AFourbestBroadwayshowsHAMILTONTheshowtellsthestoryoftheFoundingFathersoftheUSA,specificallyAlexanderHamilton,thefirstSecretaryoftheTreasury.It’sacompletelyfreshtakeonhistory,withahip-hopflavor.Sungandrapped(說(shuō)唱),thewordplayissuperimpressive.HamiltonhasbecomeoneofthemostpopularBroadwaymusicals,witheightawards,includingaPulitzerPrizeforDrama.Location:RichardRodgersTheatrePrice:$176+THEPHANTOMOFTHEOPERAThePhantomoftheOperaisthelongest-runningshowinBroadwayhistory.Ifyoulovedrama,romance,andmusicaltheater,itwon’tdisappointyou.IthaswonsevenTonyAwardsandsevenDramaDeskAwards.WhiletheshowisoneofthebestthingsforacoupletoenjoyinNewYorkCity,it’salsosuitableforkids10andup.Location:MajesticTheatrePrice:$74+COMEFROMAWAYComeFromAwayisoneofthemosttouchingBroadwayplays,basedonatruestory.Theshowisaboutagroupof7,000airpassengersstranded(被困)inasmalltowninNewfoundlandduetothe9/11attacks.Itfocusesonhowthelocalssprangintoaction,preparingtohouse,feed,andcomfortthepassengers.TheplayhaswonninetheaterawardsandgotaGrammynomination(提名)forBestMusicalTheaterAlbum.Location:GeraldSchoenfeldTheatrePrice:$100+BEETLEJUICERememberthe1988movieBeetlejuicestarringAlecBaldwinandMichaelKeaton?It’snowonstageattheMarquisTheatreinNewYork.Thisfantasy-horrormusicalisoneofthenewesttheatershowsinNYC,butitmaintainstheappealoftheoriginalfilm.Withitsmemorablecharacters,humor,andhopefulmessages,BeetlejuiceisoneofthebestBroadwayshowsforfamilies.Location:MarquisTheatrePrice:$132+1.WhatisthefeatureofHAMILTON?A.Suitingaudienceswithkids.B.Tellinghistoryinmusicalways.C.Winningrecognitionacrosstheworld.D.Targetingpeopleinterestedinromance.2.WhatdoestheplayCOMEFROMAWAYprobablycenteron?A.Consequencesof9/11attacks. B.Importanceofdailynecessities.C.Humankindnessindarktimes. D.CustomsofNewfoundlandpeople.3.Whichofthefollowingshowsisadaptedfromamovie?A.HAMILTON. B.COMEFROMAWAY.C.BEETLEJUICE. D.THEPHANTOMOFTHEOPERA.【答案】1.B2.C3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章對(duì)百老匯四部最佳劇目進(jìn)行了介紹?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HAMILTON部分中的“It’sacompletelyfreshtakeonhistory,withahip-hopflavor.Sungandrapped(說(shuō)唱),thewordplayissuperimpressive.(這是對(duì)歷史的全新詮釋，帶有嘻哈的味道。唱歌和說(shuō)唱，這個(gè)文字游戲是超級(jí)令人印象深刻。)”可知，HAMILTON的特色是用音樂(lè)的方式講述歷史。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)COMEFROMAWAY部分中的“Theshowisaboutagroupof7,000airpassengersstranded(被困)inasmalltowninNewfoundlandduetothe9/11attacks.Itfocusesonhowthelocalssprangintoaction,preparingtohouse,feed,andcomfortthepassengers.(這部劇講述的是由于9.11襲擊事件，7000名乘客被困在紐芬蘭的一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)上。它關(guān)注的是當(dāng)?shù)厝巳绾窝杆俨扇⌒袆?dòng)，準(zhǔn)備為乘客提供住所、食物和安慰。)”可知，話劇《來(lái)自遠(yuǎn)方》可能是關(guān)注黑暗時(shí)刻的人性光輝。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)BEETLEJUICE部分中的“Thisfantasy-horrormusicalisoneofthenewesttheatershowsinNYC,butitmaintainstheappealoftheoriginalfilm.(這部奇幻恐怖音樂(lè)劇是紐約最新的劇院演出之一，但它保持了原版電影的吸引力。)”可知，《BEETLEJUICE》改編自一部電影。故選C。BWhenIwasinmythirties,IhadagoodjobinthemarketingdivisionofaFortune500company.However,afterworkingforthisfirst-classcompanyforfourteenyears,IgottothinkingaboutwhatitwouldbeliketodesignajobaroundwhatIenjoyedmostwhileusingmystrongestskills.IhopedtospendthenextstageofmycareerdoingwhatIlovedmostandspendmoretimewiththepeopleIlovedmost—mywifeandsons.Thenat37,Ihadawindowofopportunitytochasemydream—torunahome-basedbusiness.Withouthesitation,IpulledtheplugandstartedmyadvertisingandspeechwritingbusinessinJune1991.Mywifewasastay-at-homemom,soIwouldsacrifice(犧牲)ouronlyincomeandinsurance(保險(xiǎn))fornothingmorethanadream.Yet,afterconductinglotsofresearch,readingbooksonhowtostartthistypeofbusiness,callingtheauthorsforadditionaldetails,andfreelancing(從事自由職業(yè))foradagenciesanddesignfirmstoensureIcouldwriteonanysubject,thisgoalslowlywentfromimpossibletopossible.Lookingback,Ithinkit’soneofthebestdecisionsI’veevermade.Whileworkingwithdifferentclients(客戶)andsharpeningmywritingskillsonvarioussubjects,Iwatchedmysonsgrowupfortenyears,playedhundredsofunscheduledbackyardbaseballgames,andenjoyedcountlessfather-sonchatswhilewalkingaroundtheblock.HenryDavidThoreauoncesaid,“Thepriceofanythingistheamountoflifeyouexchangeforit.”Now,basedonmyownexperiences,Iunderstandhowplausiblethisstatementis.Lifeprovideswindowsofopportunity—buttheyclosequickly.Forme,toremaininmyformercompanyduringthis“window”cameatapricetoohigh.NeverwillIbewillingtoexchangemoreofmyfamilylifeformyprofessionallife.4.Whydidtheauthordecidetostartahome-basedbusiness?A.Tomakemoremoney. B.Tospendmoretimewithhisfamily.C.Tosharethehouseworkwithhiswife. D.Toprovehimselfasuccessfulbusinessman.5.Whatdidtheauthordotoprepareforhishome-basedbusiness?A.Hetookawritingcourse. B.Heattendedabusinessschool.C.Hesoughtadvicefromhisfamily. D.Hetalkedwithsomebookauthors.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedwore“plausible”tothelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Funny. B.Reasonable. C.Surprising. D.Unbelievable.7.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthistext?A.Workcanbringabetterlife B.EveryjobisworthyofrespectC.Everydecisioncomeswithaprice D.Opportunitiesandrisksgohandinhand【答案】4.B5.D6.B7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者37歲時(shí)，為了做自己喜歡的事情以及花更多的時(shí)間和家人在一起，放棄了好工作，開始經(jīng)營(yíng)家庭生意?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“IhopedtospendthenextstageofmycareerdoingwhatIlovedmostandspendmoretimewiththepeopleIlovedmost—mywifeandsons.(我希望在職業(yè)生涯的下一階段做我最喜歡的事情，花更多的時(shí)間和我最愛(ài)的人在一起——我的妻子和兒子)”可知，作者決定經(jīng)營(yíng)家庭生意是為了花更多的時(shí)間和家人在一起。故選B。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Yet,afterconductinglotsofresearch,readingbooksonhowtostartthistypeofbusiness,callingtheauthorsforadditionaldetails,andfreelancing(從事自由職業(yè))foradagenciesanddesignfirmstoensureIcouldwriteonanysubject,thisgoalslowlywentfromimpossibletopossible.(然而，在進(jìn)行了大量的研究，閱讀了關(guān)于如何開始這類業(yè)務(wù)的書籍，打電話給作者了解更多細(xì)節(jié)，并為廣告代理商和設(shè)計(jì)公司做自由職業(yè)者以確保我可以寫任何主題之后，這個(gè)目標(biāo)慢慢地從不可能變成了可能)”可知，為了家庭創(chuàng)業(yè)，作者和一些書的作者交談。故選D?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“HenryDavidThoreauoncesaid,“Thepriceofanythingistheamountoflifeyouexchangeforit.”(亨利·大衛(wèi)·梭羅曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)：“任何東西的代價(jià)都是你用它換取的生命的數(shù)量?！?”以及后文“Lifeprovideswindowsofopportunity—buttheyclosequickly.(生活提供了機(jī)會(huì)之窗，但它們很快就會(huì)關(guān)閉)”可知，作者通過(guò)自身經(jīng)歷明白了生活提供了機(jī)會(huì)之窗，但它們很快就會(huì)關(guān)閉，說(shuō)明索羅所說(shuō)的話是有道理的。故劃線詞意思是“有道理的”。故選B?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“HenryDavidThoreauoncesaid,“Thepriceofanythingistheamountoflifeyouexchangeforit.”Now,basedonmyownexperiences,Iunderstandhowplausiblethisstatementis.Lifeprovideswindowsofopportunity—buttheyclosequickly.Forme,toremaininmyformercompanyduringthis“window”cameatapricetoohigh.NeverwillIbewillingtoexchangemoreofmyfamilylifeformyprofessionallife.(亨利·大衛(wèi)·梭羅曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)：“任何東西的代價(jià)都是你用它換取的生命的數(shù)量。”現(xiàn)在，根據(jù)我自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，我明白這種說(shuō)法是多么可信。生活提供了機(jī)會(huì)之窗，但它們很快就會(huì)關(guān)閉。對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，在這個(gè)“窗口期”留在原來(lái)的公司，代價(jià)太高了。我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)愿意用更多的家庭生活來(lái)?yè)Q取我的職業(yè)生活)”結(jié)合文章主要講述了作者37歲時(shí)，為了做自己喜歡的事情以及花更多的時(shí)間和家人在一起，放棄了好工作，開始經(jīng)營(yíng)家庭生意?？芍?，C選項(xiàng)“每一個(gè)決定都是有代價(jià)的”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選C。CImagineyourselfonalazyevening.YouhavejustdecidedthatyouwanttowatchamovieonNetflix,but,asalways,itishardtochoosewhichmovieyouwouldliketosee.PerhapsitmightbeagoodideatoletsomebodyelsemakethechoiceforyouortoletNetflixplayarandom(隨機(jī)的)moviesothatyoudon’thavetothinkaboutitanymore?Theseoptionsmightsoundappealing,butisgivinguponhavingachoicesuchagoodidea?Arethereanybeneficialeffectsofchoicethatshouldmakeyouwanttoholdontotheremotecontrolinsteadofgivingitawaytoyourpartneroryourbestfriend?Tofigureouttheanswer,RomeroVerdugo,I,andourcolleaguesdidsomeresearch.Weconstructedataskinwhichparticipantscouldchoosebetweentwoverysimilarlotteries(樂(lè)透彩).Thelotterytheychosewouldbeplayedforthem,andparticipantswouldberewardedwiththeoutcomeofthelottery.However,insomecases,theparticipantsdidnothavetomakethechoicethemselves:Thecomputerwouldselectwhichlotterywouldbeplayed.Inafollow-upexperiment,curiositywasmeasuredbylettingparticipantsindicatewhethertheywerewillingtowaittoseetheoutcomeofthelottery.Intuitively(憑直覺(jué)),itshouldnotmatteratall,sincethelotterieslookedverysimilar.Still,wefoundthatpeopleweremorecuriousabouttheoutcomesofchosenlotteriesthanaboutlotteriesthatwerechosenforthem.Morestrikingly,peopleweremoreoftenwillingtowaitafewsecondstoseethelotteryoutcomeforchosencomparedwithunchosenlotteries.So,clearly,choiceboostsourcuriosity.Thesefindingsmightbeapplicabletosituationsinwhichboostingcuriosityisimportant,suchaseducationandtheworkplace,orwhenpromotinghealthbehaviorchange.Andpleaseremember:NexttimeyouarewatchingNetflix,makesureyoukeeptheremotecontrolinyourownhandssothatyoucanchoosewhichmovietowatchtonight.Thischoicewilllikelyboostyourcuriosityaboutthemovie,whichmight,inturn,makeyoureveningmorepleasant.8.Howdoestheauthorbringupthetopic?A.Bydescribingascene. B.Bypresentingatheory.C.Byexplainingaconcept. D.Bydescribinghisownexperience.9.Whatdidtheauthor’steamintendtoexaminebydoingtheresearch?A.Howpeoplemeettheircuriosity.B.Whypeoplelikebuyinglotterytickets.C.Whymakingchoicesishardforpeople.D.Howmakingchoicesonone’sownmakesadifference.10.Whathastheresearchfound?A.Makingachoiceourselvescouldexciteourcuriosity.B.Itiseasiertohaveothersmakechoicesforus.C.Curiouspeopletendtobemoreimpatient.D.Lotteriesincreasepeople’scuriosity.11.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Thefurtherstudydirection.B.Thesignificanceoftheresearch.CAfurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.D.Somereasonabledoubtsabouttheresearchprocess.【答案】8.A9.D10.A11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了一項(xiàng)研究，說(shuō)明自己做選擇有助于提高我們的好奇心?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Imagineyourselfonalazyevening.YouhavejustdecidedthatyouwanttowatchamovieonNetflix,but,asalways,itishardtochoosewhichmovieyouwouldliketosee.PerhapsitmightbeagoodideatoletsomebodyelsemakethechoiceforyouortoletNetflixplayarandommoviesothatyoudon’thavetothinkaboutitanymore?”（想象你在一個(gè)慵懶的夜晚。你剛剛決定要在網(wǎng)飛上看一部電影，但是，像往常一樣，很難選擇你想看的電影。也許讓別人幫你做選擇，或者讓網(wǎng)飛公司隨機(jī)播放一部電影，這樣你就不用再考慮了，這是個(gè)好主意。），并結(jié)合第二段“Theseoptionsmightsoundappealing,butisgivinguponhavingachoicesuchagoodidea?Arethereanybeneficialeffectsofchoicethatshouldmakeyouwanttoholdontotheremotecontrolinsteadofgivingitawaytoyourpartneroryourbestfriend?”（這些選擇聽起來(lái)可能很有吸引力，但放棄選擇是個(gè)好主意嗎？有沒(méi)有什么有益的選擇會(huì)讓你想抓住遙控器，而不是把它送給你的伴侶或你最好的朋友？）針對(duì)該現(xiàn)象提出的反思和疑問(wèn)可知，作者通過(guò)描述一種做決定艱難的場(chǎng)景來(lái)引進(jìn)本文主題。故選A項(xiàng)。【9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Weconstructedataskinwhichparticipantscouldchoosebetweentwoverysimilarlotteries(樂(lè)透彩).Thelotterytheychosewouldbeplayedforthem,andparticipantswouldberewardedwiththeoutcomeofthelottery.However,insomecases,theparticipantsdidnothavetomakethechoicethemselves:Thecomputerwouldselectwhichlotterywouldbeplayed.Inafollow-upexperiment,curiositywasmeasuredbylettingparticipantsindicatewhethertheywerewillingtowaittoseetheoutcomeofthelottery.”（我們構(gòu)建了一個(gè)任務(wù)，參與者可以在兩種非常相似的彩票中進(jìn)行選擇。他們選擇的彩票將為他們進(jìn)行，參與者將獲得彩票結(jié)果的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。然而，在某些情況下，參與者不必自己做出選擇：電腦會(huì)選擇要玩哪種彩票。在一項(xiàng)后續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，通過(guò)讓參與者表明他們是否愿意等著看彩票結(jié)果來(lái)衡量好奇心。）和第四段“Still,wefoundthatpeopleweremorecuriousabouttheoutcomesofchosenlotteriesthanaboutlotteriesthatwerechosenforthem.”（盡管如此，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)人們對(duì)自己所選彩票的結(jié)果比對(duì)為他們選擇的彩票更感興趣。）可知，關(guān)于參與者自己選擇彩票和電腦幫參與者選擇彩票的研究，可發(fā)現(xiàn)人們對(duì)自己所選彩票的結(jié)果比對(duì)為他們選擇的彩票更感興趣，可得出作者的團(tuán)隊(duì)做研究是為了弄清楚自己做選擇的影響。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Still,wefoundthatpeopleweremorecuriousabouttheoutcomesofchosenlotteriesthanaboutlotteriesthatwerechosenforthem.”（盡管如此，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)人們對(duì)自己所選彩票的結(jié)果比對(duì)為他們選擇的彩票更感興趣。）和最后一段第一句“So,clearly,choiceboostsourcuriosity.”（所以，很明顯，選擇會(huì)增強(qiáng)我們的好奇心。）可知，自己做選擇可以激發(fā)我們的好奇心。故選A項(xiàng)。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段前兩句“So,clearly,choiceboostsourcuriosity.Thesefindingsmightbeapplicabletosituationsinwhichboostingcuriosityisimportant,suchaseducationandtheworkplace,orwhenpromotinghealthbehaviorchange.”（所以，很明顯，選擇會(huì)增強(qiáng)我們的好奇心。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)可能適用于一些情況，在這些情況下，提高好奇心很重要，比如教育和工作場(chǎng)所，或者在促進(jìn)健康行為改變時(shí)。）及后文的例子的可知，本段主要介紹了該研究的結(jié)果及其重要性。故選B項(xiàng)。DPalmoil(棕櫚油)istheworld’smostpopularvegetableoil,foundinhalfofallsupermarketgoodsandsevenoutofeverytenpersonalcareproducts.It’salsousedinsomesnacks,cleaningpowder,andtoothpaste.Since2016,globalpalmoilconsumptionhasrisen73percent.Yetpalmoilandtheappetiteforitareproblematic.Theclearingofforeststomakewayforoilpalmplantationsisamajordriverofthecuttingdownoftreesinthehottestpartoftheworld:Between1972and2015,theworld’stwolargestpalmoil-producingnations,IndonesiaandMalaysia,lost16percentand47percentoftheirforests,respectively,tothecrop.Andthatbringsaboutenvironmentalproblems,suchasclimatechange,andpoorwaterquality.Biodiversitysuffersasevereblow,too.However,abetteroptionmaybejustaroundthecorner:oilmadefrommicrobes(微生物).“Thetechnologyisactuallyveryoldbutwasneverreallyestablishedinindustry,andIalwayswonderedwhybecauseithasgreatpotential(潛力),”saysPhilippArbter,co-founderofColipi,anemergingstartupthatgrowsandadaptsmicrobestoproducepalmoil.Forinstance,hesays,“Microbescanbegrownquicklyinaclimate-controlledindoorspacetoproducehighamountsofoil.Wehavesofaridentifiedmorethan40algae(藻類)and70othermicrobeswhicharerichinoil.”Currently,mostmicrobialoilstartupsareaimingfortheirfirstproductstobeinbeautyproducts,ratherthanfood,duetothehigherpricepointstheycangetandtherelativelyfewerrulesinvolved.Whenaskedifthenewoilcanmatchpalmoilprices,especiallywhenit’susedinfood,ChristophChuck,achemicalengineerattheUniversityofBathinEngland,said,“Weshouldbeintouchingdistanceoftheeatableoilmarketaslongasmassproductionhappenstobringthepricedown.”12.Whatdoesthefirstparagraphshowaboutpalmoil?A.Itiswidelyused. B.Itiseasilyavailable.C.Itmakesthefoodtastebetter. D.Ithastakentheleadintheoilmarket.13.WhydoestheauthormentionIndonesiaandMalaysiainparagraph2?A.Tostresstheimportanceofpalmoil. B.Topresentthegrowthenvironmentofpalmtrees.C.Toshowthehighpriceofproducingpalmoil. D.Toexplainthechallengeofplantingcashcrops.14.WhatmakesPhilippArbterturntomicrobialoil?A.Itshighqualityaseatableoil. B.Thesufficientsourceofmaterials.C.Itsbenefitsforhumanhealth. D.Thesuccessfulpracticeinindustry.15HowdoesChristopherChuckfeelaboutthefutureofmicrobialoil?A.Unconcerned. B.Confused. C.Worried. D.Optimistic.【答案】12.A13.C14.B15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了雖然棕櫚油被廣泛利用，但是帶來(lái)了嚴(yán)重環(huán)境問(wèn)題，對(duì)此開發(fā)了微生物油，并且很有前景。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Palmoil(棕櫚油)istheworld’smostpopularvegetableoil,foundinhalfofallsupermarketgoodsandsevenoutofeverytenpersonalcareproducts.It’salsousedinsomesnacks,cleaningpowder,andtoothpaste.Since2016,globalpalmoilconsumptionhasrisen73percent.(棕櫚油是世界上最受歡迎的植物油，一半的超市商品和十分之七的個(gè)人護(hù)理產(chǎn)品都含有棕櫚油。它也被用于一些零食、洗衣粉和牙膏中。自2016年以來(lái)，全球棕櫚油消費(fèi)量增長(zhǎng)了73%)”可知，棕櫚油被廣泛使用。故選A?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Theclearingofforeststomakewayforoilpalmplantationsisamajordriverofthecuttingdownoftreesinthehottestpartoftheworld:Between1972and2015,theworld’stwolargestpalmoil-producingnations,IndonesiaandMalaysia,lost16percentand47percentoftheirforests,respectively,tothecrop.Andthatbringsaboutenvironmentalproblems,suchasclimatechange,andpoorwaterquality.Biodiversitysuffersasevereblow,too.(在世界上最熱的地區(qū)，砍伐森林為油棕種植園讓路是砍伐樹木的主要驅(qū)動(dòng)力：1972年至2015年間，世界上最大的兩個(gè)棕櫚油生產(chǎn)國(guó)印度尼西亞和馬來(lái)西亞分別因種植油棕而失去了16%和47%的森林。這帶來(lái)了環(huán)境問(wèn)題，比如氣候變化和水質(zhì)差。生物多樣性也遭受了嚴(yán)重的打擊)”可推知，作者在第2段提到印度尼西亞和馬來(lái)西亞是為了表明生產(chǎn)棕櫚油要付出高昂的代價(jià)。故選C?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Forinstance,hesays,“Microbescanbegrownquicklyinaclimate-controlledindoorspacetoproducehighamountsofoil.Wehavesofaridentifiedmorethan40algae(藻類)and70othermicrobeswhicharerichinoil.”(例如，他說(shuō)：“微生物可以在一個(gè)氣候可控的室內(nèi)空間中快速生長(zhǎng)，從而產(chǎn)生大量的油。到目前為止，我們已經(jīng)確定了40多種藻類和70多種其他富含油的微生物。”)”可知，充足的材料來(lái)源讓PhilippArbter轉(zhuǎn)向微生物油。故選B?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Whenaskedifthenewoilcanmatchpalmoilprices,especiallywhenit’susedinfood,ChristophChuck,achemicalengineerattheUniversityofBathinEngland,said,“Weshouldbeintouchingdistanceoftheeatableoilmarketaslongasmassproductionhappenstobringthepricedown.”(當(dāng)被問(wèn)及這種新油的價(jià)格是否能與棕櫚油相媲美，尤其是當(dāng)它用于食品時(shí)，英國(guó)巴斯大學(xué)的化學(xué)工程師ChristophChuck說(shuō)，“只要大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)能把價(jià)格降下來(lái)，我們就應(yīng)該與食用油市場(chǎng)保持距離?！?”可知，ChristopherChuck對(duì)這種油的未來(lái)是樂(lè)觀的。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從文后選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。It’snevereasytosayno,especiallywhenwe’reinvitedsomewherebysomeoneclosetous.____16____Maybeit’stimetolearnhowtoturndownaninvitationwithouthurtingpeople’sfeelings.Putoffyourresponse.Avoidimmediatelyrespondingtoarequestthatyoubelieveyouwillturndown.Aquick“No”willdeprive(剝奪)youoftimetocomeupwithakindrefusal.Instead,asimple“Letmecheckmycalendarandgetbacktoyou”willoftenwork.____17____.Checkyourcalendarforconflicts.Ifyouarelucky,youmaydiscoveraschedulingconflictthatenablesyoutohonestlydeclineduetothepreviouspromise.____18____.Whenyouseeyourcalendarisbusy,takealittleextratimeinadvancetothinkaboutakindrefusal.____19____Ifyoualreadyknowyouwanttodeclinebeforecheckingyourcalendar,youmayhaveaspecificreasoninmind.Doyoudislikethetask?Areyouplanningtoattendtheeventwithsomeoneelse?Thinkaboutreasonsyoucangivethatfocusonaspectsoftherequestratherthanthepersonmakingit.Remembertorespond.____20____Youmayleavethemwiththeimpressionthatyoudon’tvaluethem.Therefore,it’simportanttoreplytorequestsinatimelymanner.Whendeclining,trytoemphasizenon-personalreasonsfordoingso.A.Avoidadmittingyourscheduleisopen.B.Identifytheexactreasonwhyyouwanttodecline.C.However,thepersonmayaskyouforanothertime.D.Thisgivesyoutimetocreatearesponseinyourhead.E.Butoften,wefindourselvessayingyesandlaterregrettingit.F.Keeptheseinmindiftheotherpartyaskswhyyouaredeclining.G.Forgettingarequestmayhurtpeopleormakeyouanimpoliteperson.【答案】16.E17.D18.C19.B20.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了如何委婉地拒絕別人的請(qǐng)求，以避免傷害對(duì)方的感情?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)空前“It’snevereasytosayno,especiallywhenwe’reinvitedsomewherebysomeoneclosetous.(說(shuō)“不”從來(lái)都不是件容易的事，尤其是當(dāng)我們被親近的人邀請(qǐng)去某地的時(shí)候)”可知，對(duì)親近的人說(shuō)不，或者說(shuō)拒絕親近的人的邀請(qǐng)是一件困難的事。選項(xiàng)E“Butoften,wefindourselvessayingyesandlaterregrettingit.(但是，我們經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)自己答應(yīng)了，然后又后悔了)”延續(xù)上文內(nèi)容，指的同意之后又后悔，反面表示拒絕困難。同時(shí)自然引出下文“Maybeit’stimetolearnhowtoturndownaninvitationwithouthurtingpeople’sfeelings.(也許是時(shí)候?qū)W習(xí)如何在不傷害別人感情的情況下拒絕邀請(qǐng)了)”。故選E?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Putoffyourresponse.Avoidimmediatelyrespondingtoarequestthatyoubelieveyouwillturndown.Aquick“No”willdepriveyouoftimetocomeupwithakindrefusal.Instead,asimple“Letmecheckmycalendarandgetbacktoyou”willoftenwork.(推遲你的回答。避免立即回應(yīng)你認(rèn)為你會(huì)拒絕的請(qǐng)求。一個(gè)快速的“不”將剝奪你的時(shí)間來(lái)想出一個(gè)友好的拒絕。相反，一句簡(jiǎn)單的“讓我看看我的日程表，然后回復(fù)你”通常會(huì)起作用)”可知，本段講述的是我們可以通過(guò)一些方法來(lái)推遲自己的回答，從而相處一個(gè)友好的拒絕方式。選項(xiàng)D“Thisgivesyoutimetocreatearesponseinyourhead.(這給了你時(shí)間在頭腦中做出反應(yīng))”是上文內(nèi)容的自然延續(xù)，指出可以通過(guò)一句簡(jiǎn)單的“讓我看看我的日程表，然后回復(fù)你”讓自己可以有時(shí)間在頭腦中想出一個(gè)友好的拒絕。故選D?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Ifyouarelucky,youmaydiscoveraschedulingconflictthatenablesyoutohonestlydeclineduetothepreviouspromise.(如果幸運(yùn)的話，您可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)日程沖突，使您能夠誠(chéng)實(shí)地拒絕之前的承諾)”可知，通過(guò)檢查日程表，幸運(yùn)的話，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)日程沖突，就可以拒絕。選項(xiàng)C“However,thepersonmayaskyouforanothertime.(然而，這個(gè)人可能會(huì)問(wèn)你另一個(gè)時(shí)間)”中的“however”表明下文與上文存在轉(zhuǎn)折，指的是當(dāng)你發(fā)現(xiàn)日程沖突，婉拒對(duì)方的邀請(qǐng)后，對(duì)方可能會(huì)提出另一個(gè)時(shí)間。與上文內(nèi)容一致。故選C?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容“Ifyoualreadyknowyouwanttodeclinebeforecheckingyourcalendar,youmayhaveaspecificreasoninmind.Doyoudislikethetask?Areyouplanningtoattendtheeventwithsomeoneelse?Thinkaboutreasonsyoucangivethatfocusonaspectsoftherequestratherthanthepersonmakingit.(如果你在查看日歷之前就已經(jīng)知道你想要拒絕，你可能已經(jīng)有了一個(gè)具體的理由。你不喜歡這個(gè)任務(wù)嗎？你打算和別人一起參加這個(gè)活動(dòng)嗎？考慮一下你可以給出的理由，把重點(diǎn)放在請(qǐng)求的各個(gè)方面，而不是提出請(qǐng)求的人)”可知，本段講述的是要清楚自己為什么想要拒絕對(duì)方的邀請(qǐng)。選項(xiàng)B“Identifytheexactreasonwhyyouwanttodecline.(明確你想要拒絕的確切原因)”是下文內(nèi)容的總結(jié)。故選B?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)空后“Youmayleavethemwiththeimpressionthatyoudon’tvaluethem.(你可能會(huì)給他們留下你不重視他們的印象)”可知，空處指的是可能會(huì)給對(duì)方留下不好印象的行為。選項(xiàng)G“Forgettingarequestmayhurtpeopleormakeyouanimpoliteperson.(忘記一個(gè)請(qǐng)求可能會(huì)傷害別人，或者讓你成為一個(gè)不禮貌的人)”指的是將對(duì)方的請(qǐng)求遺忘會(huì)傷害對(duì)方，成為一個(gè)不禮貌的人，同時(shí)也自然引出下文內(nèi)容，指出這會(huì)讓對(duì)方覺(jué)得自己沒(méi)有被重視。故選G。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用第一節(jié)完型填空（滿分15分）TimGjoraasdoesn’thavemuchtimeleft.However,there’sno____21____ofsupportivepeopleinhiscorner.Lastyear,Timfoundouthehadcancer.Inthefollowingmonths,hishealth____22____andthenhegotthenewsthathelikelyonlyhasmonthslefttolive.HequicklyretiredfromtheWashingtonHighSchoolanddecidedtodevoteeverymomenttospendingwithhis____23____.After____24____thathemaynothavemuchtimeleft,Timbegantakingstepstoensurehislovedoneswillbe____25____.WhilehewascatchingupwithDougRinken,afriendandretiredteacher,Timaskedhimto____26____hishousenextsummer.He____27____thathiswifeLisahasalwayswantedbluewalls.Littledidheknowthatthejobwouldbefinishedmuch____28____!OneSaturdayinSeptember,Timopenedhisdoorstoa(n)____29____sight.DoughadshownupwithpainttoolsandaboutadozenofTim’sfellowteachersandfriends.Thiswasn’tthefirsttimetheyhad____30____him.Aftertheyheardabouthisdisease,theyorganizedfundraiserstohelpwithhismedical____31____.Theprojecttooklessthanaday____32____theirefforts.Ofcourse,itlefta____33____markonTim.Whatapowerfulactofkindness!Nomatterwhathappens,Tim____34____knowsheandhisfamilymemberswillalwaysholdaplaceintheircommunity’s____35____.21.A.record B.evidence C.shortage D.indication22.A.recovered B.maintained C.improved D.worsened23.A.friends B.family C.teachers D.students24.A.accepting B.announcing C.proving D.admitting25.A.caughtupwith B.putupwith C.takencareof D.keptawayfrom26.A.rebuild B.repaint C.repair D.reuse27.A.guessed B.ignored C.forgot D.explained28.A.later B.better C.sooner D.harder29.A.incredible B.familiar C.unavoidable D.frightening30.A.gotholdof B.givenwayto C.brokenupwith D.comethroughfor31.A.supplies B.bills C.facilities D.problems32.A.asfor B.butfor C.thanksto D.regardlessof33.A.permanent B.visible C.primitive D.fresh34.A.largely B.simply C.precisely D.definitely.35.A.memory B.heart C.power D.history【答案】21.C22.D23.B24.A25.C26.B27.D28.C29.A30.D31.B32.C33.A34.D35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了TimGjoraas身患癌癥，且生命所剩時(shí)間不多了，然而，他身邊不乏支持他的人?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，他身邊不乏支持他的人。A.record記錄；B.evidence證據(jù)；C.shortage短缺；D.indication指示。根據(jù)后文的“DoughadshownupwithpainttoolsandaboutadozenofTim’sfellowteachersandfriends.”、“Thiswasn’tthefirsttimetheyhad10him.Aftertheyheardabouthisdisease,theyorganizedfundraiserstohelpwithhismedical11.”可知，道格帶著粉刷工具和一些蒂姆的老師同事和朋友來(lái)幫蒂姆粉刷房子，這不是第一次幫他渡過(guò)難關(guān)，所以他身邊不乏支持他的人。故選C項(xiàng)。【22題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在接下來(lái)幾個(gè)月里，他的健康狀況惡化，然后他得知他可能只剩下幾個(gè)月的生命了。A.recovered恢復(fù)；B.maintained維持；C.improved改良；D.worsened惡化。根據(jù)和文的“andthenhegotthenewsthathelikelyonlyhasmonthslefttolive”可知，他可能只剩下幾個(gè)月的生命了，所以他的健康狀況惡化了。故選D項(xiàng)。【23題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他很快就從華盛頓高中離開了，并決定把每一刻都花在與家人的相處上。A.friends朋友；B.family家族，家人；C.teachers教師；D.students學(xué)生。根據(jù)前文的“HequicklyretiredfromtheWashingtonHighSchoolanddecidedtodevoteeverymomenttospendingwithhis”可知，他可能只剩下幾個(gè)月的生命了，所以，他從華盛頓高中離開了，并決定把每一刻都花在與家人的相處上。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在接受了自己可能時(shí)日不多的事實(shí)后，蒂姆開始采取措施，確保他所愛(ài)的人得到照顧。A.accepting接受；B.announcing宣布；C.proving證明；D.admitting承認(rèn)。根據(jù)后文的“thathemaynothavemuchtimeleft”可知，他接受了自己可能時(shí)日