高中英語閱讀理解高分技巧

閱讀理解高分技巧綜述

知己知彼：弄清命題理念

要知道做題的秘訣，首先要知道命題人的思想。高考的目的就是分個(gè)等級，把大家區(qū)別

開來，所以在能夠區(qū)別的地方設(shè)置題目"為難"大家。因此命題老師會(huì)挖空心思來出題。

高考英語閱讀選中擇題答案就兩種：rightorwrong,題支命題的構(gòu)成方式就是"干擾

+陷阱"，陷阱就是下面的錯(cuò)誤類型。掌握了操作技巧，做閱讀理解既迅速又正確。做

題技巧歸納起來就是：找出“rightanswer",斃掉"wronganswers,,,

做題四部曲：步驟1-4

做題步驟很重要！英語非常牛的人，先后順序影響不大，但不要相信你非常牛。可能大

家有自己的做題習(xí)慣與步驟，但是這里推薦的步驟為：讀閱讀題題干并勾關(guān)鍵詞——讀題

支并勾關(guān)鍵詞——讀文章勾出對應(yīng)的句子一返回問題，選出答案。具體操作見圖。步驟

很重要，能夠提高做題的正確率和效率。

例如:以2013英語高考全國卷A篇閱讀理解為例。第一步:讀36題題干"What

dosetheauthorsayaboutdoctorsingeneral?"勾出黑體字的關(guān)鍵詞"；第二

步：讀題支"A.Theylikeflyingbythemselves.B.Theyareunwillingtotake

advice.C.Theypretendtobegoodpilots.D.TheyarequicklearnersofCRM

——勾出這里標(biāo)記的黑字體關(guān)鍵詞，如法炮制完成36-39題；第三步：閱讀文章（文章見

圖片）一一勾出文章中與題干、題支像匹配、類似的詞語、句子，如"Doctor、don't

listen、CRM"等；第四步：返回到題中，將題支中的句子與文章中對應(yīng)的句子對比，得

出答案。如果還沒清楚，請看圖片。

DoctorarefcnoMmtobep>kxs.They^匚>b?cxtsethey疝w；dy。aH?Iwas

lutky:)becamedpilotin1970,afenosftenyvarsbeforelgraduatedfrommedicalschool.Ididn'trealue

then,butbecoming?pBo(mdkesmeAbettersurgeon.IlovedfMrtg.AsIfkrwUit6<planerand

Inworseweather.IkdfrwdAboutaewfdaatcemaruisefnenl(杭攜資卓青藥'.ofCRM.4newtde?

toOMkrffytngufn.itmoam!h?tcrewmembonshouldIbtrn*ndupfor?goodreuih.

r?gvdLnsofpotitiom.

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weatlier.ThecontroUeth4dusturntoolatetoourhftdin^(ei>dy-Thedttefuflr^doctorwd$

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wtftind4ngn.IputQsSdernyuneayness>oduld.*Wene<dtoputthelandinggrardownnowTTh?<

wsmyfirstreallevwainthepowvfo<CRM,6ndI'veuseditintheopefOangroomeve<i)r?ce.

CRMguircthatthepilot/wrgeoncncoufAseothentoweakup.Itfurtherrequiresthatwhrn

opanlomarrfromtheopposite,thedoctordoesn'tovcrreMt.whkhnMghtpccvrMfrAowdoctor!from

vokingoptnioosagain.SowtieoI'mIntheoperatingroom.IgfatIdeasandhelpfrom

ot>?e<5S<xnetim?they'renotMtfrngtoipedkup.ButlbcpethatitIcominuttoencour謙them

MxnedayuxnecMiewillkeepmefrom"SMmueNW”

36.\Mw>：d<??et!?eauthorayjixxjtdocionM爐xral?

A.IbeyM業(yè)jy?by5nN*KPI.

B?They?rrunwillingtotake建松?

C?Theypeeiendtobe<oodgHptt.BmiW經(jīng)驗(yàn)

D.TheyatemHcklearnerso[CRM.

37.Th*autlxxdeepenedNsundecotthepowerotCAMwtwi

錯(cuò)誤答案的特征1無中生有：顧名思義，就是文章中沒有寫，但題支中卻出現(xiàn)了。絕

大多數(shù)情況下，這種題支就是是錯(cuò)誤的，因?yàn)槲恼聸]有提及。這種考題較常見于簡單的模

擬考試、出題簡單的省份。但是有2種情況下是正確的：推理的+歸納的，具體解釋見第

三部分"正確答案的特征"。例如：13年全國卷中，A篇閱讀理解中，A答案關(guān)鍵詞

含-likeflying",而文中根本未提到like,就連近義詞enjoy/love等都沒有；D答案中關(guān)鍵

詞"quicklearners",對應(yīng)的句子中就沒有提及quick,就連同義詞fast/rapid都沒出現(xiàn)，

同理C答案也一樣。所以遇到這種無中生有的答案可以：直接判為錯(cuò)誤答案！

Doctorareknowntobeterriblepilot*.Theydon'tlistenbecausetheydrefldyknowstall.IWMlucky]

becameapilottn1970.almosttenyeanbeforeIgraduatedfrommedicalschool.Ididn'trealizethen,but

beconungapilotmakesmeabetter51tfgeoa.Ilovedftytng.AsIflewbigger,Usterpkmei.andtnwonc

weathef.Ilearnedaboutcrewiwcurcemanagement(且資源管I!).orCRM.anewideatomakeflywg

safer.Itmeanstiuttcrewmembersshouldlistenandspeakupforagoodtesuli.regardlessofpo$Jtio<u.

t

IfimreadaboutCRMm1980,Nottongaireftl皿ananendmgdooforandIwerefh'inginbad

weather.Theccotrollerhadusturntoohtetogetourbindingreads1.Thea^ndmgdoctorwasflying.IWM

safetypd0*Hewassobusybecauseofthebadturn,hehadforgottento^jputthelandinggear(起

/

down.Hewasabettapilot?andmyboss?soitfehunusualto5peal^up.But1had10Ourlivesweretn

danger.Iput3(idemyuneasinessandwd."Weneedtoputthelandinggeardownnew!"Thatwasrayfirst

reallessontnthepowerofCRM.andfvcusedi<mtheoperatingro6meversince.

CRMrequiresthatthepilotsurgeonenccnuagcotherstospesaup.hfixrtherrequiresthatwhenopiiuom

arefromtheopposite,thedoctordoesn'toverreact,whichms新preventfellowdoctorsfromvoiongoptmons

again.SowhenFmuitheoperatingroom.IaskfbtideasandhdpGomochers.Soaietxrae?they'renotwilling

Iospeakup.ButIhopethatifIcontinuetoencourageth向somedaysomeonewillkeepmefrom'landing

gearupM./

36.UIUKtheauthor?ayaboutdoctorsin

A.Theyhkeflyingbythetnsehes./

B.Theyareunwillingtotakeadvice./

C.Theyptetendtobe^oodpilots./

D.Theyardquickleanie^|ofCRM/

jingyan

37.TheauthordeepenedInsunddvandingofthepowerofCRMwhen.

超前判斷:

所謂超前判斷指的是文章中還沒有得出結(jié)果，明確得出結(jié)論，在題支中就得出了結(jié)論/

結(jié)果，弄錯(cuò)時(shí)態(tài)，把現(xiàn)在的說成將來的，把過去的說成現(xiàn)在的，把將來完成的說成現(xiàn)在完

成的，把可能的說成已經(jīng)的等不一而足。當(dāng)然別把它和推理出來的答案搞混了，推理歸納

的見后面詳解。

例如：2013高考英語上海卷C篇73題問的是"Itcanbeinferredfrom

paragraphs3and4thattheroboticfly”,D答案是"hasbeenputintowide

而文中對應(yīng)的句子為"so所以

application",thatitmightsomedayperform..."o

遇到超前判斷的答案可以：直接判為錯(cuò)誤答案！

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manufactured

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wouldbechfikultwithibeammahtbeierobouinstead,hesaidtherearealotof

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/(392wgM

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w/

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D【pulWojingyan

74WhtcbofthefbHoiswcanbelearnedfromthepawu”*1

喧賓奪主：

喧賓奪主也就是主次顛倒，沒有弄清主次關(guān)系。通俗講，就是在閱讀理解中，對于問題

中的題支，能夠在文中找到相對應(yīng)的部分或者是句子，但是只有一個(gè)是最主要的，其他表

述都是次要的，這個(gè)主要的就是圍繞問題展開敘述的。這種類型的錯(cuò)誤常見于：歸納短文

意思、給短文選擇最適合的標(biāo)題等類型的問題中。

例如:2013英語上海卷C篇75題，問題是:"Whichofthefollowingmightbe

thebesttitleofthepassage?"，題支為：

A.FatherofRoboticFlyB.InspirationfromEngineeringScienceC.RoboticFly

根據(jù)文章每個(gè)

ImitatesRealLifeInsectD.HarvardBreaksThroughinInsectStudyo

答案都有提及，看起來都好像是正確的。通過文章,找出原來是圍繞Robotic和life來講

的，這就是最主要的主體，因此正確。而A中father.B中Inspiration、D中Breaks

Through都只是輔助部分甚至沒提到。所以遇到喧賓奪主的答案可以：直接判為錯(cuò)誤答案!

Woodsaysthedesignoflersanewwaytostudyflightmechanicsandcontrolattnsect-scaleYetthe

power.sensmgandcomputationtechfiologiesonboardcouldhavemuchbroaderapphcaiions'Youcan

startthinkingaboutusingthemtoansweropenscientifkquestionsyouknowtostudybiologytnwaysthat

wouldbedi￡5cuhuiththeanimals,butUSIIWtheserobotsinsteadhesaid.'Sotherearealolof

technoiogiesandopenmlcrestmgscientificqix^tansthatan?rvaliyuhatdovesusonadayt。daybasts

(392wordij

72.Thedifficuttytheteasnofengineersme!withwinkmakingtheroboticflyw敝that

AtheyhadnomodelintbetrmindBtheydidnothavesufikiemtime

Ctheyhadnoready-madecomponentsDtheycouldnotaiserablethecomponents

73.Itcanbemierredfromparagraphs3and4thattheroboticfly

A.consistsofaflightdeviceandacontrolsystem

BcanJUMflvinlimitedareasatthepre￥enltone

Ccancollectmfbnnatwnfrommanysources

Dhasbeenputintouideapphcaticm

74VMuchofthetblJonwgcanbelearnedfromthepA$sagen

ATheroboticflyer>8designedtokamaboutinsects

BAnimalsareno!allowedinbiologicalexpenments

CThereusedtobefewwaystostudvhowmseclsfly

D.Wood'sdewgncanreplaceanimalstnsomeexperiments

75WhichofthefblJowingnughtbee?

AofRoboticFlyBfto?nEngineeBai湛經(jīng)騙

CFlyImitatesRealLifeInsectD.Harvard

答非所問：

這個(gè)相比大家都懂了，人家問西你答東。題支中的回答和題干不相符。這種問題應(yīng)該是

最簡單的，相信不少人火眼晶晶就能夠看出來。比較準(zhǔn)確地說是就是不相關(guān)。由于高考想

區(qū)別出等級，所以需要難度，這種類型的題就比較少了，最為常見于初中英語題中以及高

中平時(shí)模擬練習(xí)中。

例如：比如2013高考山東卷73題B答案。問題是"Forwhatpurposedid

Pearsonstarttheadvertisingcampaign?”，答案中為"A.Tobuilda

goodrelationshipwiththepublicB.TostresstheunusualtraditionofSparrowC.

Toleanaboutcustomers;"B、C答案關(guān)鍵詞為unusualtradition,customers,文中

并沒有圍繞這個(gè)來說（當(dāng)然這里這個(gè)例子是不夠精確）。所以遇到答非所問的答案可以：

直接判為錯(cuò)誤答案！

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強(qiáng)加因果：

強(qiáng)加因果就是本來兩件事情就沒有因果關(guān)系，卻在題支中說出兩個(gè)的因果關(guān)系，這都是

錯(cuò)誤的題支。這種類型的錯(cuò)誤是比較少見的，但是一旦出現(xiàn)，不容易發(fā)現(xiàn)，尤其是邏輯性

比較強(qiáng)的問題。應(yīng)對方法是，對于有因果敘述的問題，需要自習(xí)推敲一下，看看是否是真

的有因果關(guān)系。

例如：文章中講了全球氣候變暖(globalwarming),文章中可能講亂砍亂伐、汽車

尾氣、燃燒秸稈等等問題，在問題中，問你造成全球變暖是由什么造成的，題支中給你一

個(gè)選項(xiàng)就是亂砍亂伐，可能你就會(huì)想：亂砍亂伐——樹木減少——光合作用減少——二氧

化碳消耗減少——大氣中熱、二氧化碳增多——所以全球氣候變換，這就是典型的想多了！

所以遇到這種強(qiáng)加因果的答案可以：直接判為錯(cuò)誤答案!

D

Sptrroxvwafkttfoodcliainwith200nntaunntiSomeyeanago.thegroupIowhichSparrowbelongedwaxtaken

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operaJed經(jīng)驗(yàn)

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顛倒是非：

把肯定的說成否定，把否定的說成肯定，這種類型的錯(cuò)誤還是比較容易看出來的。但是

如果通過同義轉(zhuǎn)換，就不是很好看出來了。或者是把不是很明確的說的十分肯定，就較難

看出這種顛倒是非的關(guān)系。

例如：2013上海卷74題問的是"Whichofthefollowingcanbelearnedfrom

thepassage”,B答案為"Animalsarenotallowedinbiologicalexperiments/'而

原文對應(yīng)的句子為"Youcanstartthinkingaboutusingthemtoansweropen

scientificquestions,youknow,tostudybiologyinwaysthatwould

w

bedifficultwiththeanimals,butusingtheserobotsinsteado就是明顯的同義轉(zhuǎn)

換后顛倒是非。所以遇到顛倒是非的答案可以：直接判為錯(cuò)誤答案！

equipitwithabudtmpowersourcewthatitmightsomcdaviwfbnnd□招吆athennguoikalrescuesiJes,

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power,sensingmdcomputattocitedmotosiesonboardcouldha\emiKhbrooder邛pbcations.

besaid"Sotherearealotof

ti*dinologie?mdopenmterring撫(entiGcquettxmithatareredivJhatdmctttonadxvtodaybiuxt

/Wwixafc)

72Thedifficultytheteamofengineermetwith\dukmakingtherobfXkcflyw?that

AtheyhadnonioddmtheemmdBtbrvd?dnotha\csutYkienttune

Ctheybadnoready-madecomponemsDtheycouldnotassembletheEnpccend

73Itcanbeinferredfrompenigaphs3and4thattheroboUcfly

AccmiUaofaflightdeviceandxcontrolnrtiro

BcanjustflymImuledareas81thepresenttime

Ccancollectudonnaifonfrommanysources

D.hasbeesputmiowxkapplicalion

74UHuchofthefolbuiDgc?nbe

ATherobo4x:flyer?dcsignZtoleamaboutnwwts.

B；?「?二工,；.SJL-J1二一■■

CTheremedtobe(ifu1wnyi始xtvdyhowmMctsfly.

DWtoodBdesigncmreplaceammsbmsomecxpenmcnts

75Whichofthefbllouingmt^ht良thebesttitleof<he1Bai固經(jīng)驗(yàn)

AFatherofRoboticFh'BInspmrtionfromEngmccnngSaejin9yan.baidu.coi

CRobohcFlyImifofetRealLifeInsectD.HarvardBreaksTltfouflhinInsectSi

以偏概全：

以偏概全指的是文章中說的是一個(gè)范圍，問題中悄悄將題支的敘述范圍給你改了，很久

都看不出來。文章是由幾部分組成的，每個(gè)部分肯定有自己的中心范圍，而這些部分就組

成了整篇文章，整片文章又只有一個(gè)中心，如果是用某部分的來表達(dá)整個(gè)文章的思想，就

是以偏概全。

例如:2013上海卷C篇75題，問的是"Whichofthefollowingmightbethe

besttitleofthepassage?";題支為"A.FatherofRobotic

FlyB.InspirationfromEngineeringScienceC.RoboticFlyImitatesRealLife

根據(jù)黑體關(guān)鍵詞，的是一個(gè)

InsectD.HarvardBreaksThroughinInsectStudy"0A

部分的，B的描述的是下一個(gè)部分的,D也是，文章中說的也不是很明確,這種類型的常見

于概括文章、給文章起標(biāo)題概括中心思想的題型中。對于以偏概全的答案可以：直接判為

錯(cuò)誤答案！

Woodsaysthedesignoflenanewwaytostudyflightmechaiucsandcontrolalinsect-scafeYrtthe

power,sensingandcomputationtechnologiesonboardcouldhavemuchbroaderapplications.'*'￥00can

startthinkingaboutusingthemtoansweropenscienlifkquestionsyouknow,tostudybiologymwaysthat

wouldbediffscuttwiththeanimalsbutusingtheserobotsinstead.”he湖d“Sotherearealotof

technologiesandopenintereslmgscientificquestionsthatarereallywhatdrivesusonadaytodaybasts',

f$92Miwdii

72Thedifficultytheteamofengineersnielwithwhilemakingtheroboticflvwa?that

AtheyhadnomodelintheirmindBtheydidnothavesuHkienttime

Cthevhadnoready-madecomponentsDtheycouldnotassemblethecomponents

73.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraphs3and4thaltheroboticfly

Aconsiirtsofaflightdeviceandacontrol5ysi蚣n

B.由justOymlimitedatthepn?enltune

Ccancollectmfbnnationfrommanysources

Dhasbeenputintowideapplication

74VSTiKhofthefollowingcanbelearnedfromthepa$wge0

ATheroboticflyerdesignedtoleamaboiilinsects

BAnimalsarenotallowedmbiolosjc4lexperiments

CThereusedtobefewwaystostudyhowfly

DWood'sdesigncanreplaceanima卜insomeexperiments

75WhichofthefbUowinsoughtbee0

AofRoboticFlyBfroinEngtneenn；

CFlyImitateiRealLifeInsectDHarvardin

張冠李戴等

錯(cuò)誤的類型主要是這幾種，另外還有張冠李戴，也就是說張三做的事情，說成李四做的,

比如文章中為jackdidthework,題支中卻說成了Jackson;再如hewontheprize,

卻說成shewontheprize等。

近些年英語貌似變得簡單些了，不過如果題出難了的話，還有幾種不容易發(fā)現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤類

型如：邏輯推理、大小關(guān)系不清楚等等，這類似數(shù)學(xué)的真包含假包含一樣。比如說Jack

plantedsomebigtreesnearhishome,theairaroundgettingfresherafterthat,

題支中的描述成"whatjackdidpreventtheglobalwarming"這樣就是屬于邏輯上

的混亂和錯(cuò)誤。

anam麻mcntpark.Eachofthevedealsreplacesthemoralsoftheqi>eue(waitingyourturn)with

themoralsofthemarket(payingapriceforfasterservice).

Ntokctsandqueues-payingandwaiting-arctwodififoentwaysofallocatingthings,and

eachisappropriatetodifterartactivities.Themoralsofthequeue."Firstcome^firstsaved」have

anegalitarian(平目主義的)appeal.Theytellusioignoreprivilege,power,anddeeppockets.

Theprinciplescentsnghtonplaygroundsandalbusstops.Bu!themoralsofihcQueucdonot

governal!occasions,If1putmyhouseupforsale,1havenodutyloaccepttl)efirstofiferthat

comesalong,simplybecauseit'sdiefirst.Sellingmyhouseandwaitingforabusaredifferent

activities,properlygovernedby