高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解高分技巧

閱讀理解高分技巧綜述

知己知彼：弄清命題理念

要知道做題的秘訣，首先要知道命題人的思想。高考的目的就是分個(gè)等級(jí)，把大家區(qū)別

開(kāi)來(lái)，所以在能夠區(qū)別的地方設(shè)置題目"為難"大家。因此命題老師會(huì)挖空心思來(lái)出題。

高考英語(yǔ)閱讀選中擇題答案就兩種：rightorwrong,題支命題的構(gòu)成方式就是"干擾

+陷阱"，陷阱就是下面的錯(cuò)誤類型。掌握了操作技巧，做閱讀理解既迅速又正確。做

題技巧歸納起來(lái)就是：找出“rightanswer",斃掉"wronganswers,,,

做題四部曲：步驟1-4

做題步驟很重要！英語(yǔ)非常牛的人，先后順序影響不大，但不要相信你非常牛?？赡艽?/p>

家有自己的做題習(xí)慣與步驟，但是這里推薦的步驟為：讀閱讀題題干并勾關(guān)鍵詞——讀題

支并勾關(guān)鍵詞——讀文章勾出對(duì)應(yīng)的句子一返回問(wèn)題，選出答案。具體操作見(jiàn)圖。步驟

很重要，能夠提高做題的正確率和效率。

例如:以2013英語(yǔ)高考全國(guó)卷A篇閱讀理解為例。第一步:讀36題題干"What

dosetheauthorsayaboutdoctorsingeneral?"勾出黑體字的關(guān)鍵詞"；第二

步：讀題支"A.Theylikeflyingbythemselves.B.Theyareunwillingtotake

advice.C.Theypretendtobegoodpilots.D.TheyarequicklearnersofCRM

——勾出這里標(biāo)記的黑字體關(guān)鍵詞，如法炮制完成36-39題；第三步：閱讀文章（文章見(jiàn)

圖片）一一勾出文章中與題干、題支像匹配、類似的詞語(yǔ)、句子，如"Doctor、don't

listen、CRM"等；第四步：返回到題中，將題支中的句子與文章中對(duì)應(yīng)的句子對(duì)比，得

出答案。如果還沒(méi)清楚，請(qǐng)看圖片。

DoctorarefcnoMmtobep>kxs.They^匚>b?cxtsethey疝w；dy。aH?Iwas

lutky:)becamedpilotin1970,afenosftenyvarsbeforelgraduatedfrommedicalschool.Ididn'trealue

then,butbecoming?pBo(mdkesmeAbettersurgeon.IlovedfMrtg.AsIfkrwUit6<planerand

Inworseweather.IkdfrwdAboutaewfdaatcemaruisefnenl(杭攜資卓青藥'.ofCRM.4newtde?

toOMkrffytngufn.itmoam!h?tcrewmembonshouldIbtrn*ndupfor?goodreuih.

r?gvdLnsofpotitiom.

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weatlier.ThecontroUeth4dusturntoolatetoourhftdin^(ei>dy-Thedttefuflr^doctorwd$

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CRMguircthatthepilot/wrgeoncncoufAseothentoweakup.Itfurtherrequiresthatwhrn

opanlomarrfromtheopposite,thedoctordoesn'tovcrreMt.whkhnMghtpccvrMfrAowdoctor!from

vokingoptnioosagain.SowtieoI'mIntheoperatingroom.IgfatIdeasandhelpfrom

ot>?e<5S<xnetim?they'renotMtfrngtoipedkup.ButlbcpethatitIcominuttoencour謙them

MxnedayuxnecMiewillkeepmefrom"SMmueNW”

36.\Mw>：d<??et!?eauthorayjixxjtdocionM爐xral?

A.IbeyM業(yè)jy?by5nN*KPI.

B?They?rrunwillingtotake建松?

C?Theypeeiendtobe<oodgHptt.BmiW經(jīng)驗(yàn)

D.TheyatemHcklearnerso[CRM.

37.Th*autlxxdeepenedNsundecotthepowerotCAMwtwi

錯(cuò)誤答案的特征1無(wú)中生有：顧名思義，就是文章中沒(méi)有寫，但題支中卻出現(xiàn)了。絕

大多數(shù)情況下，這種題支就是是錯(cuò)誤的，因?yàn)槲恼聸](méi)有提及。這種考題較常見(jiàn)于簡(jiǎn)單的模

擬考試、出題簡(jiǎn)單的省份。但是有2種情況下是正確的：推理的+歸納的，具體解釋見(jiàn)第

三部分"正確答案的特征"。例如：13年全國(guó)卷中，A篇閱讀理解中，A答案關(guān)鍵詞

含-likeflying",而文中根本未提到like,就連近義詞enjoy/love等都沒(méi)有；D答案中關(guān)鍵

詞"quicklearners",對(duì)應(yīng)的句子中就沒(méi)有提及quick,就連同義詞fast/rapid都沒(méi)出現(xiàn)，

同理C答案也一樣。所以遇到這種無(wú)中生有的答案可以：直接判為錯(cuò)誤答案！

Doctorareknowntobeterriblepilot*.Theydon'tlistenbecausetheydrefldyknowstall.IWMlucky]

becameapilottn1970.almosttenyeanbeforeIgraduatedfrommedicalschool.Ididn'trealizethen,but

beconungapilotmakesmeabetter51tfgeoa.Ilovedftytng.AsIflewbigger,Usterpkmei.andtnwonc

weathef.Ilearnedaboutcrewiwcurcemanagement(且資源管I!).orCRM.anewideatomakeflywg

safer.Itmeanstiuttcrewmembersshouldlistenandspeakupforagoodtesuli.regardlessofpo$Jtio<u.

t

IfimreadaboutCRMm1980,Nottongaireftl皿ananendmgdooforandIwerefh'inginbad

weather.Theccotrollerhadusturntoohtetogetourbindingreads1.Thea^ndmgdoctorwasflying.IWM

safetypd0*Hewassobusybecauseofthebadturn,hehadforgottento^jputthelandinggear(起

/

down.Hewasabettapilot?andmyboss?soitfehunusualto5peal^up.But1had10Ourlivesweretn

danger.Iput3(idemyuneasinessandwd."Weneedtoputthelandinggeardownnew!"Thatwasrayfirst

reallessontnthepowerofCRM.andfvcusedi<mtheoperatingro6meversince.

CRMrequiresthatthepilotsurgeonenccnuagcotherstospesaup.hfixrtherrequiresthatwhenopiiuom

arefromtheopposite,thedoctordoesn'toverreact,whichms新preventfellowdoctorsfromvoiongoptmons

again.SowhenFmuitheoperatingroom.IaskfbtideasandhdpGomochers.Soaietxrae?they'renotwilling

Iospeakup.ButIhopethatifIcontinuetoencourageth向somedaysomeonewillkeepmefrom'landing

gearupM./

36.UIUKtheauthor?ayaboutdoctorsin

A.Theyhkeflyingbythetnsehes./

B.Theyareunwillingtotakeadvice./

C.Theyptetendtobe^oodpilots./

D.Theyardquickleanie^|ofCRM/

jingyan

37.TheauthordeepenedInsunddvandingofthepowerofCRMwhen.

超前判斷:

所謂超前判斷指的是文章中還沒(méi)有得出結(jié)果，明確得出結(jié)論，在題支中就得出了結(jié)論/

結(jié)果，弄錯(cuò)時(shí)態(tài)，把現(xiàn)在的說(shuō)成將來(lái)的，把過(guò)去的說(shuō)成現(xiàn)在的，把將來(lái)完成的說(shuō)成現(xiàn)在完

成的，把可能的說(shuō)成已經(jīng)的等不一而足。當(dāng)然別把它和推理出來(lái)的答案搞混了，推理歸納

的見(jiàn)后面詳解。

例如：2013高考英語(yǔ)上海卷C篇73題問(wèn)的是"Itcanbeinferredfrom

paragraphs3and4thattheroboticfly”,D答案是"hasbeenputintowide

而文中對(duì)應(yīng)的句子為"so所以

application",thatitmightsomedayperform..."o

遇到超前判斷的答案可以：直接判為錯(cuò)誤答案！

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喧賓奪主：

喧賓奪主也就是主次顛倒，沒(méi)有弄清主次關(guān)系。通俗講，就是在閱讀理解中，對(duì)于問(wèn)題

中的題支，能夠在文中找到相對(duì)應(yīng)的部分或者是句子，但是只有一個(gè)是最主要的，其他表

述都是次要的，這個(gè)主要的就是圍繞問(wèn)題展開(kāi)敘述的。這種類型的錯(cuò)誤常見(jiàn)于：歸納短文

意思、給短文選擇最適合的標(biāo)題等類型的問(wèn)題中。

例如:2013英語(yǔ)上海卷C篇75題，問(wèn)題是:"Whichofthefollowingmightbe

thebesttitleofthepassage?"，題支為：

A.FatherofRoboticFlyB.InspirationfromEngineeringScienceC.RoboticFly

根據(jù)文章每個(gè)

ImitatesRealLifeInsectD.HarvardBreaksThroughinInsectStudyo

答案都有提及，看起來(lái)都好像是正確的。通過(guò)文章,找出原來(lái)是圍繞Robotic和life來(lái)講

的，這就是最主要的主體，因此正確。而A中father.B中Inspiration、D中Breaks

Through都只是輔助部分甚至沒(méi)提到。所以遇到喧賓奪主的答案可以：直接判為錯(cuò)誤答案!

Woodsaysthedesignoflersanewwaytostudyflightmechanicsandcontrolattnsect-scaleYetthe

power.sensmgandcomputationtechfiologiesonboardcouldhavemuchbroaderapphcaiions'Youcan

startthinkingaboutusingthemtoansweropenscientifkquestionsyouknowtostudybiologytnwaysthat

wouldbedi￡5cuhuiththeanimals,butUSIIWtheserobotsinsteadhesaid.'Sotherearealolof

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(392wordij

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AtheyhadnomodelintbetrmindBtheydidnothavesufikiemtime

Ctheyhadnoready-madecomponentsDtheycouldnotaiserablethecomponents

73.Itcanbemierredfromparagraphs3and4thattheroboticfly

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BcanJUMflvinlimitedareasatthepre￥enltone

Ccancollectmfbnnatwnfrommanysources

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ATheroboticflyer>8designedtokamaboutinsects

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CThereusedtobefewwaystostudvhowmseclsfly

D.Wood'sdewgncanreplaceanimalstnsomeexperiments

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答非所問(wèn)：

這個(gè)相比大家都懂了，人家問(wèn)西你答東。題支中的回答和題干不相符。這種問(wèn)題應(yīng)該是

最簡(jiǎn)單的，相信不少人火眼晶晶就能夠看出來(lái)。比較準(zhǔn)確地說(shuō)是就是不相關(guān)。由于高考想

區(qū)別出等級(jí)，所以需要難度，這種類型的題就比較少了，最為常見(jiàn)于初中英語(yǔ)題中以及高

中平時(shí)模擬練習(xí)中。

例如：比如2013高考山東卷73題B答案。問(wèn)題是"Forwhatpurposedid

Pearsonstarttheadvertisingcampaign?”，答案中為"A.Tobuilda

goodrelationshipwiththepublicB.TostresstheunusualtraditionofSparrowC.

Toleanaboutcustomers;"B、C答案關(guān)鍵詞為unusualtradition,customers,文中

并沒(méi)有圍繞這個(gè)來(lái)說(shuō)（當(dāng)然這里這個(gè)例子是不夠精確）。所以遇到答非所問(wèn)的答案可以：

直接判為錯(cuò)誤答案！

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強(qiáng)加因果：

強(qiáng)加因果就是本來(lái)兩件事情就沒(méi)有因果關(guān)系，卻在題支中說(shuō)出兩個(gè)的因果關(guān)系，這都是

錯(cuò)誤的題支。這種類型的錯(cuò)誤是比較少見(jiàn)的，但是一旦出現(xiàn)，不容易發(fā)現(xiàn)，尤其是邏輯性

比較強(qiáng)的問(wèn)題。應(yīng)對(duì)方法是，對(duì)于有因果敘述的問(wèn)題，需要自習(xí)推敲一下，看看是否是真

的有因果關(guān)系。

例如：文章中講了全球氣候變暖(globalwarming),文章中可能講亂砍亂伐、汽車

尾氣、燃燒秸稈等等問(wèn)題，在問(wèn)題中，問(wèn)你造成全球變暖是由什么造成的，題支中給你一

個(gè)選項(xiàng)就是亂砍亂伐，可能你就會(huì)想：亂砍亂伐——樹(shù)木減少——光合作用減少——二氧

化碳消耗減少——大氣中熱、二氧化碳增多——所以全球氣候變換，這就是典型的想多了！

所以遇到這種強(qiáng)加因果的答案可以：直接判為錯(cuò)誤答案!

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顛倒是非：

把肯定的說(shuō)成否定，把否定的說(shuō)成肯定，這種類型的錯(cuò)誤還是比較容易看出來(lái)的。但是

如果通過(guò)同義轉(zhuǎn)換，就不是很好看出來(lái)了?；蛘呤前巡皇呛苊鞔_的說(shuō)的十分肯定，就較難

看出這種顛倒是非的關(guān)系。

例如：2013上海卷74題問(wèn)的是"Whichofthefollowingcanbelearnedfrom

thepassage”,B答案為"Animalsarenotallowedinbiologicalexperiments/'而

原文對(duì)應(yīng)的句子為"Youcanstartthinkingaboutusingthemtoansweropen

scientificquestions,youknow,tostudybiologyinwaysthatwould

w

bedifficultwiththeanimals,butusingtheserobotsinsteado就是明顯的同義轉(zhuǎn)

換后顛倒是非。所以遇到顛倒是非的答案可以：直接判為錯(cuò)誤答案！

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CTheremedtobe(ifu1wnyi始xtvdyhowmMctsfly.

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75Whichofthefbllouingmt^ht良thebesttitleof<he1Bai固經(jīng)驗(yàn)

AFatherofRoboticFh'BInspmrtionfromEngmccnngSaejin9yan.baidu.coi

CRobohcFlyImifofetRealLifeInsectD.HarvardBreaksTltfouflhinInsectSi

以偏概全：

以偏概全指的是文章中說(shuō)的是一個(gè)范圍，問(wèn)題中悄悄將題支的敘述范圍給你改了，很久

都看不出來(lái)。文章是由幾部分組成的，每個(gè)部分肯定有自己的中心范圍，而這些部分就組

成了整篇文章，整片文章又只有一個(gè)中心，如果是用某部分的來(lái)表達(dá)整個(gè)文章的思想，就

是以偏概全。

例如:2013上海卷C篇75題，問(wèn)的是"Whichofthefollowingmightbethe

besttitleofthepassage?";題支為"A.FatherofRobotic

FlyB.InspirationfromEngineeringScienceC.RoboticFlyImitatesRealLife

根據(jù)黑體關(guān)鍵詞，的是一個(gè)

InsectD.HarvardBreaksThroughinInsectStudy"0A

部分的，B的描述的是下一個(gè)部分的,D也是，文章中說(shuō)的也不是很明確,這種類型的常見(jiàn)

于概括文章、給文章起標(biāo)題概括中心思想的題型中。對(duì)于以偏概全的答案可以：直接判為

錯(cuò)誤答案！

Woodsaysthedesignoflenanewwaytostudyflightmechaiucsandcontrolalinsect-scafeYrtthe

power,sensingandcomputationtechnologiesonboardcouldhavemuchbroaderapplications.'*'￥00can

startthinkingaboutusingthemtoansweropenscienlifkquestionsyouknow,tostudybiologymwaysthat

wouldbediffscuttwiththeanimalsbutusingtheserobotsinstead.”he湖d“Sotherearealotof

technologiesandopenintereslmgscientificquestionsthatarereallywhatdrivesusonadaytodaybasts',

f$92Miwdii

72Thedifficultytheteamofengineersnielwithwhilemakingtheroboticflvwa?that

AtheyhadnomodelintheirmindBtheydidnothavesuHkienttime

Cthevhadnoready-madecomponentsDtheycouldnotassemblethecomponents

73.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraphs3and4thaltheroboticfly

Aconsiirtsofaflightdeviceandacontrol5ysi蚣n

B.由justOymlimitedatthepn?enltune

Ccancollectmfbnnationfrommanysources

Dhasbeenputintowideapplication

74VSTiKhofthefollowingcanbelearnedfromthepa$wge0

ATheroboticflyerdesignedtoleamaboiilinsects

BAnimalsarenotallowedmbiolosjc4lexperiments

CThereusedtobefewwaystostudyhowfly

DWood'sdesigncanreplaceanima卜insomeexperiments

75WhichofthefbUowinsoughtbee0

AofRoboticFlyBfroinEngtneenn；

CFlyImitateiRealLifeInsectDHarvardin

張冠李戴等

錯(cuò)誤的類型主要是這幾種，另外還有張冠李戴，也就是說(shuō)張三做的事情，說(shuō)成李四做的,

比如文章中為jackdidthework,題支中卻說(shuō)成了Jackson;再如hewontheprize,

卻說(shuō)成shewontheprize等。

近些年英語(yǔ)貌似變得簡(jiǎn)單些了，不過(guò)如果題出難了的話，還有幾種不容易發(fā)現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤類

型如：邏輯推理、大小關(guān)系不清楚等等，這類似數(shù)學(xué)的真包含假包含一樣。比如說(shuō)Jack

plantedsomebigtreesnearhishome,theairaroundgettingfresherafterthat,

題支中的描述成"whatjackdidpreventtheglobalwarming"這樣就是屬于邏輯上

的混亂和錯(cuò)誤。

anam麻mcntpark.Eachofthevedealsreplacesthemoralsoftheqi>eue(waitingyourturn)with

themoralsofthemarket(payingapriceforfasterservice).

Ntokctsandqueues-payingandwaiting-arctwodififoentwaysofallocatingthings,and

eachisappropriatetodifterartactivities.Themoralsofthequeue."Firstcome^firstsaved」have

anegalitarian(平目主義的)appeal.Theytellusioignoreprivilege,power,anddeeppockets.

Theprinciplescentsnghtonplaygroundsandalbusstops.Bu!themoralsofihcQueucdonot

governal!occasions,If1putmyhouseupforsale,1havenodutyloaccepttl)efirstofiferthat

comesalong,simplybecauseit'sdiefirst.Sellingmyhouseandwaitingforabusaredifferent

activities,properlygovernedby