高級(jí)英語(下)教案

教案

LessonOne

1.Theloweryourpositionis,themorepeopleyouareafraidof.(1)一此處采用了nthe+比較

級(jí)…+the+比較級(jí)…”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示"越…，就越…”，前者是狀語從句，后者是主句。E.g.the

more,thebetter越多越好。Thehardersheworked,themoreprogressshemade.她工作越努力，

進(jìn)步越大。

2.Andallthepeopleareafraidofthetwelvemenatthetopwhohelpedfoundandbuildthe

companyandnowownanddirectit.(1)-whofoundandbuildthecompanyandnowownand

directit為men的定語從句。另外注意，found意為”創(chuàng)立、設(shè)立E.g.ThePeopleJsRepublic

ofChinawasfoundedin1949.中華人民共和國于1949年成立。這里不要與find的過去分詞

found混淆，因常用的搭配形式為help(to)dosth.

3.Inthenormalcourseofabusinessday-(3)-inthecourseof為固定詞組，意為“在…當(dāng)中

E.g.Inthecourseofthediscussionmanyconstructiveopinionswereheard.在討論當(dāng)中，聽至了

很多具有建設(shè)性的意見。

4.GreenisafraidofmebecausemostoftheworkinmydepartmentisdonefortheSales

Department,whichismoreimportantthanhisdepartment,(3)-whichismoreimportantthan

hisdepartment為theSalesDepartment的非限時(shí)性定語從句。

5.??,everynowandthen???(4)一意為“時(shí)時(shí)“，有時(shí)“，也可用everynowandagain,e.g.Theactress

stillappearsonTVevernowandthen.這位女演員仍不時(shí)地出現(xiàn)在電視ho

6.,??heistoobusywithhisownworktopaythatmuchattentionto(forn.)+todo意思是“由于

太???以致不能”。E.g.Theproblemwassocomplicatedthatwecouldn,tsolve.這個(gè)問題太復(fù)雜，

我們無法解決。也可用so…that…替代。E.g.TheproblemwassocomplicatedthatwecouldnJ

tsolveit.詞組bebusywith意為“忙于…”，同時(shí)注意payattentionto后接名詞(動(dòng)名詞)。

7.Mostoftheworkwedoinmydepartmentis,inthelongrun,trivial.(4)—wedoinmy

department為mostofthework的定語從句，其中的先行詞that已省略。Inthelongrun為插

入部分，意為”終究，到最后”。E.g.Hewilllosemoneyinthelongrun.他終究會(huì)把錢賠掉。

8.Ihaveoneotherpersonworkingformewhoisnotafraidofanyone,notevenme,andIwould

firehimquickly,butI'mafraidofhim…(5)—whoisnotafraidofanyone為oneotherperson的

定語從句。Fire在此做動(dòng)詞，意為“解雇”。E.g.Attheendofamonthhewasfiredfor

incompetence.到月底時(shí)，他由于能力不夠而被解雇了。

9.Thepeopleinthecompanywhoaremostafraidofmostpeoplearethesalesman.(6)-The

peopleinthecompanywhoaremostafraidofmostpeople為主語部分，而whoaremostafraidof

mostpeople為定語從句，修飾people.

10.Theyliveandworkunderpressurethatisextraordinary.(6)——underpressure為固定的搭酉己形

式，意為"被迫，迫不得已thatisextraordinary為定語從句，修飾pressure.

11.onthevergeof(7)一瀕于，瀕臨，即將。注意該詞組通常用于不好的事情。E.g.Hewason

thevergeof(committing)suicide.他瀕臨自殺的邊緣。

12....arecordofthesalesresultsoftheprecedingweekforeachsalesofficeandfortheSales

Departmentasawholeforeachdivisionofthecompanyiskeptandcomparedtothesalesresults

forthecorrespondingweekoftheyearbefore.(7)—arecordofthesalesresultsofthepreceding

weekforeachsalesofficeandfortheSalesDepartmentasawholeforeachdivisionofthe

company為該句的主語部分，arecord為主語，而其他為其定語。

13.Theresultsofthisphotocopyinganddistributingisthatthereisalmostcontinuouspublic

scrutiny-(7)-thatthereisalmostcontinuouspublicscrutiny為該句的表語從句。

14.forfeartheymaystartdoingworse.(8)—forfear(that)意為"以免…，以防…”。E.g.She

hidherjewelryforfearthatitwouldbestolen.她把寶石藏起來，以防被偷。

15.Itmightevenbecanceledbeforeitisfilled,inwhichcasenooneiscertainifanythingwas

gainedorlost.(8)——inwhichcasenooneiscertainifanythingwasgainedorlost為該句的狀語從

句，修飾全句。

16.Eachofthemcannameatleastonesuperiorinthecompany,(9)—name在此做動(dòng)詞，意為”

說出…的姓名E.g.Howmanycountriescanyouname?你能舉出幾個(gè)國家的名稱？

17.Thecompanyencouragesthis.(10)—encourage鼓勵(lì)。由前綴en-與courage(勇氣)結(jié)合而

成。前綴en-:l)置于名詞或形容詞前，構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞，表示"使得…”。E.g.enlarge"放大"；2)

置于名詞前，表示"放進(jìn)，賦予二E.g.endanger”便陷入危險(xiǎn)”。

18.,?,andrewardssalesmanwhomakeagoodimpressiononthegolfcourse.(10)-whomakea

goodimpressiononthegolfcourse為賓語salesman的定語從句。reward此處做動(dòng)詞，意為”

獎(jiǎng)賞”,該詞還常用做名詞。E.g.HEworkedhardwithoutanyhopeofreward.他還辛勤工作卻

絲毫不期待報(bào)酬。

19.…andsalesmanwhogetdivorced,orwhosewivesdie,knowtheyhadbetterremarryorbegin

lookingaheadtowardadifferentjob.(11)一whogetdivorced和whosewivesdie都是定語從句，

用來修飾salesman,theyhadbetterremarryorbeginlookingaheadtowardadifferentjob為該句

的賓語從句，其先行詞that已省略。begin的用法有兩種，即begintodosth.或begindoingsth.

20.??,thesalesmanreactverywelltotheconstantpressureandrigidsupervisiontowhichthey

aresubjected.(12)—該句中采用了reactto這一固定搭配，注意其后接名詞，意為“對(duì)…產(chǎn)生

反應(yīng)”。E.g.Theeyereactstolight.眼對(duì)光會(huì)起反應(yīng)。而towhichtheyaresubjected為修飾

supervision的定語從句。

繼續(xù)下冊(cè)第一課的教案：

21.Thesalesmenareproudoftheirpositionandofthestatusandimportancetheyenjoywithin

thecompany,forthefunctionofmydepartment,andofmostotherdepartments,istohelpthe

salesmensell.(13)—beproudof為固定搭配，意為“對(duì)…感到自豪theyenjoywithinthe

company為定語從句，修飾statusandimportanceo介詞for引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，從句中的主:

干為…thefunctionistohelpthesalesmensell.Helpsb.(to)do為另一種搭配形式,其中的to

常省略，意為"幫助某人做某事"。EgIhelpedhimlookforhiskey.我?guī)退诣€匙。

22.ThepeopleinthecompanywhoareleastafraidarethefewinoursmallMarketResearch

Department,whobelieveinnothingandareconcernedwithcollecting,organizing,interpreting,

andreorganizingstatisticalinformationaboutthepublic,themarket,thecountry,andthe

world.(14)—whoareleastafraid為people的定語從句。而whobelieveinnothingandare

concernedwithcollecting,organizing,interpreting,andreorganizingstatisticalinformationabout

thepublic,themarket,thecountry,andtheworld為thefew的定語從句。詞組beconcernedwith

意為"與…有關(guān)系E.g.Heisconcernedwiththenewproject.他參與了那項(xiàng)新計(jì)劃。

23.,??andtheyknowtheywillnothavemuchtroublefindingjobspayingjustaslittleinother

companiesiftheylosetheirjobshere.(14)-theywillnothavemuchtroublefindingjobspaying

justaslittleinothercompaniesiftheylosetheirjobshere為該句的賓語從句，其先行詞that已

省略。從句中的固定搭配havetroubledoingsth.意為"做某事很費(fèi)事”，口語中常用havetrouble

indoingsth.。e.g.Ihadnotrouble(in)findinghisoffice.我毫不費(fèi)力就找到了他的辦公室。

24.Theirbudget,too,issmall,fortheyarenolongerpermittedtoundertakelargeprojects.。4)一

to。此處意為”也，而且"，通常置于句尾，但為避免意思的模糊不清，有時(shí)置于被修飾詞的

后面。E.g.She,too,liketraveling.她也喜歡旅行。因Shelikestraveling,too既可解釋為"她

對(duì)旅行也喜歡“，又可解釋為"她也喜歡旅行”。意義不清楚。表前者之意時(shí)重讀traveling,

表后者之意時(shí)重讀she。Undertake意為"承擔(dān)”，該詞由前綴under-與take構(gòu)亦前綴under-

意為1)“不足夠的E.g.undervalue"低估"；2)“…之下的，…的下方E.g.underline”在…

下劃線”。

25.,?,andthereisnowayofknowinganymorewhethertheinformationonwhichwebaseour

owninformationfordistributionistrueorfalse.(15)一這個(gè)句子分為兒個(gè)層次，whetherthe

informationonwhichwebaseourowninformationfordistributionistrueorfalse為know的賓

語，而theinformationonwhichwebaseourowninformationfordistribution為該從句中的主

語而onwhichwebaseourowninformationfordistribution為該從句中的主語theinformation

的定語從句。

26.toagreatextent,,?(15)--大大地，大部分，與toalargeextent意同。E.g.Itwastoagreat

extentcomposedofinteHectuals.它主要都是由知識(shí)分子組成的。

27.Iamverygoodatthesetechniquesofdeception-?,(16)-begoodat為固定的搭配形式,

意為"擅長于…"e.g.Heisgoodat(playing)tennis.他很擅長打網(wǎng)球。

28.Therearesomanynowwhoactuallybelievethatwhatwedoisreallyimportant.(16)-who

actuallybelievethatwhatwedoisreallyimportant為many的定語從句，而who為該從句中的

主語，thatwhatwedoisreallyimportant為believe的賓語從句，whatwedo又為該賓語從句

中的主語從句。

29.Thishappensnotonlytosalesmen,"(16)-happentosb.意為"發(fā)生于…身上”。E.g.She

hopednothingbadwouldhappentohim.她希望不會(huì)有壞事發(fā)生在他身上。注意如happento后

接動(dòng)詞時(shí)，則意為“偶然，碰巧。E.g.Ihappenedtoseehimonthestreet.我碰巧在街上看見他。

30.about(16)一此處做副詞，意為“大概，約”，與approximately意同。E.g.Aboutfiftypeople

werepresent.大約有50人出席。

31.It'swiseperson,Iguess,whoknowshe'sdumb,andanhonestpersonwhoknowshe,sa

liar.(17)-Iguess為插入部分。該主句采用了itis…who…的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，而anhonestpersonwho

knowshe'saliar為該強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的省略形式，其完整形式為anditisanhonestpersonwho

knowshe'saliar.

32.,?,dependingonhowwellorpoorlythingsaregoingattheofficeorathomewithmywife,or

withmyretardedson,orwithmyotherson,ormydaughter,orthecoloredmaid,orthenursefor

myretardedson…(17)—該句為狀語部分，其中多處由orwithmyretardedson,orwithmyother

son為withmywife的并歹U結(jié)構(gòu)，而ormydaughter,orthecoloredmaid,orthenurseformy

retardedson與myotherson為并列結(jié)構(gòu)。

33.Iamboredwithmyworkveryoftennow.(19)一beboredwith對(duì)…感到厭煩。E.g.Hewas

boredwiththesamestory.重復(fù)同樣的故事使他覺得厭煩。

34.…butIusuallyperformatmybestunderunderthisstimulatingkindofpressureandenjoymy

jobthemost.(20)一atone,sbest為固定搭配形式，意為“處于最佳狀態(tài)”。E.g.Thecherry

blossomsareattheirbest.櫻花盛開。

35.1handlealloftheseimportantprojectsmyself,…(20)—handle在此做動(dòng)詞，意為“處理，應(yīng)

付。該詞的其他常用意為：1)“把手”,egThehandleofthesuitcase.手提箱的把手;2)“觸

摸，e.g.Handletheglasswarewithcare.玻璃制品請(qǐng)小心輕放。

36.1frequentlyfeelVmbeingtakenadvantageofmerelybecauseVmaskedtodotheworkI'

mpaidtodo.(20)-Vnr??do.為賓語從句。I'mpaidtodo為thework的定語從句。而take

advantageof在此意為“利用(人或人的弱點(diǎn)等)"，其常用意為“利用E.g.Ihopethatthis

libraryisfullytakenadvantageof.我希望這座圖書館能被充分利用。

37.forawhile(21)一意為“一會(huì)"，while還可與形容詞搭配。E.g.Wehadtowaitalittlewhile

forthebus.我們只好等了會(huì)兒公共汽車。Ihaven'tseenhimforalongwhile.我已經(jīng)好久沒

見過他了。

38.Attheverytop,ofcourse,arethosepeople,mostlyyoungandwithoutdependents,towhom

thecompanyisnotyetaninstitutionofanysacredmeritbutstillonlyaplacetowork,andwho

regardtheirpresentassociationwithitassomethingtemporary.(21)—ofcourse為插入部分。因該

句的主語部分(thosepeople,mostlyyoungandwithoutdependents,towhomthecompanyisnot

yetaninstitutionofanysacredmeritbutstillonlyaplacetowork,andwhoregardtheirpresent

associationwithitassomethingtemporary)過長，為保持句子的平衡，故該句采用了倒裝形式。

mostlyyoungandwithoutdependents為thosepeople的同位語，而towhomthecompanyisnot

yetaninstitutionofanysacredmeritbutstillonlyaplacetowork,andwhoregardtheirpresent

associationwithitassomethingtemporary貝II為其定語從句。

39.regardlessof(21)一意為“不顧，不管E.g.Hesayswhathethinks,regardlessofother

people'sfeelings.他想到什么就說什么，毫不考慮別人的感受。

40.Ihavethefeelingnowthatthereisnoplaceleftformetogo.(24)-thatthereisnoplaceleft

formetogo為feeling的定語從句。

LessonTwo

A.

1.TherehadbeensevenpeopleinEveline'sfamily.Therewereonlyfiveofthemleft.Ernestand

motherdied.

2.Sheworkedinastore.No,shedidn'tfinditpleasant.

3.Shetriedhardtokeepthehousetogetherandtookcareofthetwoyoungchildren.

4.Herfathertreatedherbadly,andeventhreatenedtobeather.Butoccasionallyherfatherwas

reallynicetoher.

5.FrankwasasailorfromabroadandcametoIrelandforaholiday.

6.BecausehethoughtasailorwasnotreliableandFrankmightcheathisdaughter.

7.FrankaskedhertogoawaywithhimtobehiswifeandtolivewithhiminBuenosAyres.

8.Ononehand,shewasgladtoleavethepresentharshlifeandstarthernewlifewithFrankin

somedistantcountry.Butontheotherhand,whenshewasabouttoleaveherhome,shedidn't

finditawhollyundesirablelife.Soshewasratherhesitantaboutleaving.

9.Asuddenimpulseoffearthatshemightenduplikehermotherwholedacommonplacelifeand

diedincraziness.

10.1feelratherpitifulabouttheirparalysisandinabilitytopursuehappiness.

B.

1.她的頭靠在窗簾上，鼻孔中滿是提花窗簾上的塵土氣味。

2.她的父親經(jīng)常用他那根黑刺李木的拐杖將她們趕出空地。

3.也許她再也見不到那些熟悉的東西了，她做夢(mèng)也沒想到過會(huì)同它們分開。

4.而哈利在干教堂裝修，差不多總是在鄉(xiāng)下的什么地方。

5.他站在大門口，尖頂帽推到后腦上，頭發(fā)向前散亂垂在曬得黎黑的臉上。

6.她似乎又回到了客廳另?側(cè)那個(gè)封閉陰暗的房間，她聽到外面演奏著憂傷的意大利曲子。

7.透過棚子寬大的門，她瞥見黑糊糊的巨大的船體，停在碼頭墻旁邊，鉉窗亮著燈光。

8.她蒼白的面孔對(duì)著他，象個(gè)無助的動(dòng)物?樣遲鈍。

C.

1.tumbling

2.unaccustomed

3.Whereonearth

4.spell

5.inhaled

6.wentfor

7.hadbeenlaidup

8.anguish

D.

1.Invariably

2.unaccustomed

3.squabbles

4.pitiful

5.melancholy

6.tumbled

7.unspeakably

8.spell

E.

1.eveningfellonthestreet

2....theywouldputupanadvertisementforashopassistantandfoundsomeonetoreplaceher.

3.Lookhigh-spiritedorfullofenergy.

4.Harryalwayssenttohisfatherasmuchmoneyashecould.

5.tobuydailynecessitiesforthefamily

6.asajoke

7.Shedidn'thavemuchtimeleftanditwastimetogoaway.

8....sheledanordinarylifeanddiedasamadwoman.

F.

EvelineconsentedtomarryFrank,anIrishsailor,wholivedinBuenosAyres.Theycameto

knoweachotheratthebeginningoftheholidayforwhichFrankreturnedtoDulin.Theywould

leaveforBuenosAyresthatnightbyboat.Theboatwouldstartoffinafewhours,butshestill

doubtedwhetheritwaswiseornottogosucharemotecountrywithFrank.Despitethefactthat

shehatedthejobinthestoreandherfatherdidnottreatherfairly,thatwastheonlylifeshewas

familiarwith.Inaddition,Evelinepromisedtohermotherthatshewouldtryherbesttokeepthe

housebeforethedeathofheremother.Butthevisionofhermother'smiserablelifeterrifiedherso

muchthatshelongedtoliveahappylifewithFrank.

However,shechangedhermindbeforeboardingtheboat.TheboatcarriedFrankaway.

Everyonedreamsofahappylife,butitrequiresmuchcouragetorealizeone'sdream.

LessonThree

A.

1.Theyarenotrealadvantagesofnewspapers,butofpapers.Itisahumorouswayoftheauthorto

introducethetopic.

2.TVcanservetheaudiencesintheformofbothsoundsandpictures.

3.Resistancetochangemarkstheendofnewspapers?usefulness.Becauseitresultsinendof

growth,which,inturn,markstheendofusefulness.

4.Televisionsprovideawiderangeofopinionsandbackgroundinformation,butthecoverageof

newsissuperficialandinadequate.

5.Thelocalnewspapersfailtoinformpeoplebecauseofthepartisanshipandresistancetochange.

6.Sheisawriter.

7.Bycriticizingthenewspapers,theauthoraimsatimprovingthismediumsothatitcanbetter

performtheserviceofinformingpeople.

8.Newsmendonottreatwordwithrespectitdeserves.

B.

1.報(bào)紙居第二位…

2.如果你從廣播電視雜志和報(bào)紙上得到對(duì)同一新聞互相矛盾或不同的報(bào)導(dǎo)，這四種報(bào)導(dǎo)

中您最愿意相信哪一種？

3.電視比報(bào)紙依靠廣告的程度甚至還要大，既然廣告是筆大生意，廣告從本性上就是親共

和黨的。

4.???一個(gè)可恥的事實(shí)：有責(zé)任向美國民眾提供消息的報(bào)紙卻只向他們提供一面之辭。

5.畫面常常凌駕于觀點(diǎn)之上。

6.電視還通過邀請(qǐng)四五位專家在電視上.展開論戰(zhàn)來提供各種不同的見解。

7.這種對(duì)變革的抵制就是發(fā)展的終止，而停止了發(fā)展，報(bào)紙也就毫無用處了。

8.寫社論時(shí)訴諸于感情比講道理要容易。

C.

1.substitute

2.cheapened

3.invain

4.stuffed

5.entrusted

6.passfor

7.tookprecedenceover

8.caterto

D.

1.advantage

2.asawhole

3.encountered

4.confinedto

5.coverage

6.justified

7.appeal

8.functioned

E.

1.thefacethathasnotbeenmadeupinthemorningandis,therefore,notgoodtolookat

2.peopleworkingfornewspapers;peopleworkingformagazines

3.oppositeandcontradictory

4.criticizeandattackeachother

5.befaraheadinthelist

6.newspaperbeingownedbyoneparticularparty

7.makesnewsreportingmoreprominentandimportantthanadsfordogfood

8.Theworldwilldefeatpicturesandsoundsandbecomethemostimportantmedium.

F.

Televisionhasmanyadvantagesovernewspapers.WhenwewatchTV,weusebothoureyes

andourears.Wecannotonlyseethewordsandpicturesonthescreen,butalsohearthesounds

andmusic.Itisfasterandeasierfortelevisiontotransmitnewsthannewspapers,butTVliveson

advertisingtoagreaterextent.TVcaterstothelowestinstinctofmantogainbigprofit.Inthe

UnitedStates,TVentrainmentisfullofviolenceandsex.Veryoften,TVcoverageofnewsis

superficialandinadequate.

TherearealsomanyproblemswithAmericannewspapers.Themostprominentarethe

distortionoffactsandtheattackonthecountries,peoplesandsocialsystemswhichtheydon't

like.

LessonTwo

1.Shesatatthewindowwatchingtheeveninginvadetheavenue.(1)一本句中,現(xiàn)在分詞短語

watchingtheeveninginvadetheavenue作動(dòng)詞sat的伴隨狀語。

2.,??inhernostrilswastheodourofdustycretonne.(l)一本句為倒裝句，正常語序?yàn)門heodour

ofdustycretonnewasinhernostrils.

3.??,sheheardhisfootstepsclackingalongtheconcretepavementandafterwardscrunchingon

thecinderpathbeforethenewredhouses.(2)一本句中，clacking??,and??,crunching為并列結(jié)構(gòu)，

作heard的賓語補(bǔ)足語。介詞短語beforethenewredhouses作定語修飾patho

4.Onetimethereusedtobeafieldthereinwhichtheyusedtoplayeveryeveningwithother

people*schildren.(2)—onetime表示“曾經(jīng)，-度E.g.Atonetimeweusedtogoskiingevery

winter.我一度每個(gè)冬天都去滑雪。Inwhich引導(dǎo)一個(gè)表示地點(diǎn)的定語從句修飾field。Used

tobe表示“過去經(jīng)常二E.g.Lifehereismucheasierthanitusedtobe.如今這里的生活比從前

可舒服多了。請(qǐng)注意它與beusedto(doing)sth.的區(qū)別，后者意為“習(xí)慣，適應(yīng)”。E.g.The

foodinEnglandisstrangeatfirstbutyouwillsoongetusedtoit.英國食物?開始吃不慣，但不

久你就會(huì)適應(yīng)。

5.,?,builthousesinit——notliketheirlittlebrownhouses,butbrightbrickhousewithshining

roofs.(2)一本句中，not…but…為一個(gè)常用結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“不是…而是…二

6.littleKeoghthecripple(2)—thecripple為littleKeogh的同位語。

7.Herfatherusedoftentohunttheminoutofthefieldwithhisblackthornstick;…(2)—hunt本

意為“打獵"，這里是“驅(qū)趕;趕走”的意思。E.g.Hunttheneighbor*scatoutofthegarden!

把鄰居的貓趕出花園！in這里是副詞，huntin這里可譯為“趕回家去”。

8.keepnix(2)-這里是俚語,意為“監(jiān)視;站崗“；相當(dāng)于”keepwatch”。

9.Stilltheyseemtohavebeenratherhappythen.(2)—still表示“盡管這樣"，相當(dāng)于”inspiteof

this“。E.g.Hehastreatedyoubadly;still,he,syourbrotherandyoushouldhelphim.他待你不

好，但他終究是你的兄弟，你應(yīng)該幫助他。

10.Shelookedroundtheroom,reviewingallitsfamiliarobjectswhichshehaddustedoncea

weekforsomanyyears,wonderingwhereonearthallthedustcamefrom.(3)——現(xiàn)在分詞短語

reviewing…和wondering…作looked的伴隨狀語。Which弓|導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句，修飾objects。

Onearth通常用來加強(qiáng)語氣，意為“到底，究竟”。E.g.Whatonearthareyoudoing?你到底在

做什么？

11.Perhapsshewouldneverseeagainthosefamiliarobjectsfromwhichshehadneverdreamed

ofbeingdivided.(3)一fromwhich引導(dǎo)一個(gè)從句修飾objects,其中介詞from是與divide連用，

表示“與…分開"。Notdreamofsth./doingsth.是固定短語，意為“無論如何也不做某事”。E.g.

Ishouldneverhavedreamtofsayingsuchathing.我無論任何也不會(huì)說出這樣的話來。表示

“夢(mèng)見某事物”時(shí),常用"dreamof/aboutsth./doingsth.”結(jié)構(gòu)。E.g.Idreamtaboutflyinglast

nighl.昨晚我夢(mèng)見自己在飛翔。

12.Andyetduringallthoseyearsshehadneverfoundoutthenameofthepriestwhoseyellowing

photographhungonthewallabovethebrokenharmoniumbesidethecolouredprintofthe

promisesmadetoBlessedMargaretMaryAlacoque.(3)一木句中，whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾

thepriest,其中yellow是動(dòng)詞，意為“變黃，發(fā)黃E.g.Themanuscripthadyellowedwithage.

手稿因年久而發(fā)黃了。介詞短語onthewall,abovethebrokenharmonium,besidethecoloured

printofthepromises均為表示地點(diǎn)的狀語；過去分詞短語made…作定語修飾promises.

13.consenttodo(4)一意為“同意E.g.Theyfinallyconsentedtogowithus.他們最終同意跟

我們一起走。還可以說：“consenttosth."。E.g.Shemadetheproposal,andIreadilyconsentedto

it.她提出建議，我欣然同意。

14.Shetriedtoweigheachsideofthequestion.(4)—weigh本意為"稱重E.g.Thispieceof

meatweighsfourpounds.這片肉重四磅。在這里是“衡量”的意思。E.g.toweighttheprosand

cons權(quán)衡正反兩方面的意見。

15.,?,shehadthosewhomshehadknownallherlifeabouther.(4)—這里about相當(dāng)于around,

意為“在身邊”。這個(gè)句子的主句為Shehadthoseabouther.其中含有一定語從句，其關(guān)聯(lián)詞

whom在從句中作賓語。

16.…andherplacewouldbefilledupbyadvertisement.(4)—fill本意為“添滿”，這里意為“派

某人擔(dān)任某職”。E.g.Thevacancyhasalreadybeenfilled.空缺已有人補(bǔ)上。

17.Shehadalwayshadanedgeonher,especiallywhenevertherewerepeoplelistening.(4)一

haveedgeon/oversb.意為“略月生過E.g.Theyoungtennisplayerdefinitelyhadtheedgeonhis

folderopponent.年輕的網(wǎng)球選手顯然要比年長的那個(gè)對(duì)手略勝一籌。在本文中可理解為“總

想壓她一頭”。

18.Shewouldnotbetreatedashermotherhadbeen.(8)一本句中省略了一些成分，原句應(yīng)為"

Shewouldnotbetreated(inaway)ashermotherhadbeentreated.,,

19.Sheknewitwasthatthathadgivenherthepalpitations.(8)——本句中，第——個(gè)that指代上文

中提到的“她擔(dān)心挨父親的打”這件事，第二個(gè)that為強(qiáng)調(diào)句"itwas…that”結(jié)構(gòu)中的that.

20.gofar(8)—在本文中意為“攻擊；打E.g.Thenewspaperreallywentforhimoverhis

defenseofterrorism.報(bào)紙對(duì)他偏袒恐怖主義的行為大肆攻擊。另外，gofor還有以下常見的意

思：1）適用于。WhatIsaidaboutSmithgoesforyou,too.我說的有關(guān)史密斯的話也適用于你。

2）去找來。ShallIgoforadoctor?我去請(qǐng)醫(yī)生來好嗎？3）喜歡。Idon'Igomuchformodernart.

我不太喜歡現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)。4）選擇。IthinkI'11goforthefruitsalad.我想我還是要水果沙拉吧。

21.,??butlatterlyhehadbeguntothreatenherandsaywhathewoulddotoheronlyforherdead

mother?ssake.(8)一本句中，latterly是"近來”的意思,相當(dāng)于“l(fā)ately;nowadays"。Forthe

sakeofsb./forsb/ssake,意為“為了某人起見E.g.V11helpyouforyoursister*ssake.

看在你姐姐的面子上，我會(huì)幫助你。Only這里是“要不然；要不是”的意思。E.g.Hewould

probablydowellintheexaminationonlyhegetsverynervous.他要不是考試時(shí)太緊張，成績可

能會(huì)不錯(cuò)。這句話可譯為“要不是看在她死在的母親的面上，他會(huì)怎樣對(duì)待他J

22.IntheendhewouldgivehermoneyandaskherhadsheanyintentionofbuyingSunday*s

dinner.(8)—該句的這種說法不太普遍，通常我們會(huì)說"askherifshehadanyintentionof

buyingSunday?sdinner”。

23.Thenshehadtorushoutasquicklyasshecouldanddohermarketing,holdingherblack

leatherpursetightlyinherhandinherhandassheelbowedherwaythroughthecrowdsand

returninghomelateunderherloadofprovisions.(8)一本句中，現(xiàn)在分詞短語holding…和

returning…為并列成分修飾動(dòng)詞do,前者作伴隨狀語，后者表示結(jié)果。As連接同時(shí)發(fā)生的

兩個(gè)動(dòng)作hold和elbowoElbowone'swaythrough用肘朝一方向強(qiáng)行開路，e.g.Heelbowed

hiswaythroughthecrowd.他用肘開路，從人群中擠過。

24.Shehadhardworktokeepthehousetogetherandtoseethatthetwoyoungchildrenwhohad

beenlefttoherchargewenttoschoolregularlyandgottheirmealsregularly.(8)一本句中，charge

譯為“照管,監(jiān)護(hù)”。E.g.toleaveachildinafriendJscharge把孩子留給朋友照顧。That引

導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，who引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾childreno

25.Shewastogoawaywithhimbythenight-boattobehiswifeandtolivewithhiminBuenos

Ayres,wherehehadahomewaitingforher.(9)一本句中，不定式tobehiswife和tolivewith

him作目的狀語。Where引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句修飾BuenosAyres。

26.Hewasstandingatthegate,hispeakedcappushedbackonhisheadandhishairtumbled

forwardoverafaceofbronze.(9)—hispeakedcappushedbackonhisheadandhishair

tumbled…為獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，邏輯主語分別為hispeakedcap和hishair。試比較：l)Turningtothe

right,youwillseethechurch.向右轉(zhuǎn),你會(huì)看到教堂。2)Johnarrivinghome,Maryaskedhimto

dine.約翰回到家里，瑪麗要他去吃飯。第一句中分句的主語是you與主句的主語的一致，可

改寫為Ifyouturntotheright,youwillseethechurch.二第二句中分詞的主語為John,跟主

句的主語從句不一致，可改寫為“WhenJohnarrivedhome,Maryaskedhimtodine.

27.HehadstartedasadeckboyatamonthonashipoftheAllanLinegoingoutofCanada.(9)一

at指比率、價(jià)格、速度等。E.g.Iboughtthiscoatathalf-price.我用半價(jià)買了這件衣服。Line

這里指“運(yùn)輸公司E.g.ashippingline輪船公司，anairline航空公司。分詞短語goingoutto

Canada作定語修飾ship。

28.HehadfallenonhisfeetinBuenosAyres.(9)一fallonone'sfeet表示“迅速恢復(fù)”,這里

可譯為“站穩(wěn)腳跟二

29.Thewhiteoftwolettersinherlapgrewindistinct.(12)-white這里是名詞"白色”的意思。

E.g.bedressedinwhite穿一身白色的衣服。

30.,??whenshehadbeenlaidupforaday…(12)這里layup表示“臥床不起E.g.Ihavebeen

laidupwithfluforaweek.我患流感已在家休息了一個(gè)星期了。

31.Hertimewasrunningout,butshecontinuedtositbythewindow,leaningherheadagainstthe

windowcurtain,inhalingtheodourofdustycretonne.(13)一runout表示“耗盡，用光”的意思。

E.g.Wearerunningoutofpetrol.我們的汽油快用光了。分詞短語leaning…和inhaling…為并

列結(jié)構(gòu)，作伴隨狀語修飾sit。

32.Sheknewtheair.(13)一air這里意為“曲子”。

33.Strangethatitshouldcomethatverynighttoremindherofthepromisetohermother,her

promisetokeepthehometogetheraslongasshecould.(13)—strange前省略了Itis…，這種結(jié)

構(gòu)后面的賓語從句通常要用shou1d+動(dòng)詞原形的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)。herpromisetokeepthehome

togetheraslongasshecould為前面thepromise的同位語，進(jìn)一步說明promise的內(nèi)容。Keep

thehometogether這里意為“維持這個(gè)家”。

34.AsshemusedthepitifulvisionofhermotherJslifelaiditsspellontheveryquickofherbeing

一thatlifeofcommonplacesacrificesclosinginfinalcraziness.(15)一本句中的主句的主語為

thepitifulvisionofhermother,slife。Spell本意為“魔力、威勢(shì)”，這里可理解為“觸動(dòng)；

震動(dòng)”的意思。thatlifeofcommonplacesacrificesclosinginfinalcraziness為hermother'slife

的同位語?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語closinginfinalcraziness表示結(jié)果，可譯為“最后卻死于精神失?！薄?/p>

35.Throughthewidedoorsoftheshedsshecaughtaglimpseoftheblackmassoftheboat,lying

inbesidethequaywall,withilluminedportholes.(18)—現(xiàn)在分詞短語lying…和介詞短語with

illuminatedportholes作伴隨狀語。Catchaglimpseof意為“一眼瞥見"°E.g.Hecaughtaglimpse

ofherbeforeshebanishedintothecrowd.他看見她一閃就在人群中消失了。

LessonThree

1.Newspapershavetwogreatadvantagesovertelevision.(1)一句子中havetwogreatadvantages

over意為“勝于，優(yōu)于E.g.Youhaveanadvantageoverme.Youcanmakedress.你比我強(qiáng)，

你會(huì)做衣服。Advantage還可.用在其他短語中：givesbanadvantageover意為“使某人比較

有利E.g.John'suniversityeducationgavehimadvantageoverotherboys.約翰所受的大學(xué)教

育使他比其他男孩處于更有利的地位。Takeadvantageof的意思為“利用”。E.g.Itook

advantageofthemomenttoleavetheroom.我利用那一刻離開了房間。Tosb'sadvantage意為

“對(duì)某人有利”。E.g.Itistoouradvantagetorecognizethischaracteristic.認(rèn)清這一特點(diǎn)對(duì)我們

有利。

2.against⑴一介同，這里意思是“預(yù)防，防備”。它還有其他不同的譯法。Wehavesavedsome

moneyagainstoldage.我們積攢了一些錢以備養(yǎng)老。還可表示反對(duì)關(guān)系。E.g.Wearegoingto

callageneralstrikeagainstarmedintervention.我們準(zhǔn)備號(hào)召一次大罷工以反對(duì)武裝干涉。英語

中常用介詞來表示動(dòng)作，意思相當(dāng)于漢語中的某些動(dòng)詞，翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)注意詞類轉(zhuǎn)換。

3.Butherearesomeinterestingstatisticsfromalittle,andlittleknown,survey*(2)——這是個(gè)

以here引起的倒裝句。由here引起謂語是be的句子常使用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，e.g.Hereisyourbook.

這是你的書。但如果主語過短，就仍用正常語序。E.g.Hereweare.Thisistherailwaystation.

咱們到了，這就是車站。句中第一個(gè)little為形容詞，意思為“小的”，直接修飾后面的名詞

survey；第二個(gè)little是副詞，意思為“很少”，修飾形容詞known。

4.Initheaskseverybodybutmethisquestion:(2)一代詞it指上文中的surveyoBut為介詞,

意思是“除去，除了"，多和nothi