適用于新高考新教材廣西專版2025屆高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)語法專題突破專題一名詞數(shù)詞形容詞副詞課件新人教版

語法專題突破專題一名詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、副詞英語增素能精準突破一、名詞的數(shù)及名詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換【真題語境】◆名詞的數(shù)1.(2023·全國乙卷)Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplacethat/whichwelcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodernlife,with21st-centuryarchitectural

(wonder)standingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.

2.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Theyalsoneedtobereadytogive

(interview)inEnglishwithinternationaljournalists.

3.(2022·全國甲卷)TheGPNP’smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparate

(population)andhomesofgiantpandas.

wonders

interviews

populations

4.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywe

(human)are.

5.(2021·全國乙卷)

(activity)thererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(遠足)andaccommodationsaimtohavealowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.

6.(2021·全國甲卷)Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesand

(watchtower)totakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeoplegoingabouttheirdailyroutines.

humansActivities

watchtowers

7.(2018·全國Ⅰ卷)Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014thatshowedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall_________

(cause).

8.(2018·浙江卷)FewpeopleIknowseemtohavemuchdesireortimetocook.MakingChinese

(dish)isseenasespeciallytroublesome.

causes

dishes

◆名詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換9.(2018·全國Ⅲ卷)MynameisMireyaMayor.I’ma

(science)whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.

scientist【用法點撥】1.名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)則①一般情況下在單數(shù)形式后面加-s或-es,例如:map—maps,book—books,girl—girls,day—days②以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞,變y為i加-es,例如:family—families,baby—babies,army—armies,body—bodies③以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞或以y結(jié)尾的專有名詞后面加-s,例如:boy—boys,toy—toys④以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞,變f和fe為v再加-es或-s,例如:knife—knives,wife—wives,leaf—leaves,thief—thieves,half—halves,loaf—loaves,shelf—shelves⑤少數(shù)以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的詞加-s,例如:belief—beliefs,chief—chiefs,proof—proofs,roof—roofs⑥以s,x,ch,sh等結(jié)尾的名詞后加-es,例如:class—classes,box—boxes,watch—watches,dish—dishes⑦以元音字母加o結(jié)尾的名詞,一般加-s,例如:radio—radios,bamboo—bamboos,zoo—zoos⑧以輔音字母加o結(jié)尾的名詞加-es,例如:hero—heroes,potato—potatoes,tomato—tomatoes⑨以th結(jié)尾的名詞加-s,例如:truth—truths,mouth—mouths,month—months,path—paths2.名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化①改變名詞中的元音字母,例如:man—men,woman—women,foot—feet,goose—geese,tooth—teeth②在詞尾加-en或-ren,例如:child—children,ox—oxen③單復(fù)數(shù)相同,例如:species,sheep,deer,fish,series,means,Chinese,Japanese,Swiss④只有復(fù)數(shù)形式,例如:trousers,clothes,goods⑤一些集體名詞用作復(fù)數(shù),例如:people,police⑥部分集體名詞既可以作單數(shù)(整體)也可以作復(fù)數(shù)(成員),例如:audience,class,family,group二、形容詞與副詞的比較級和最高級【真題語境】◆形容詞、副詞的比較級1.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Theamazingthingaboutthespringisthatthecolderthetemperaturegets,the

(hot)thespring!

2.(2021·全國甲卷)Afterspendingsometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhat

(good)thantorideonapieceofhistory!

3.(2021·浙江卷)Whenthehousewasbuilt,itwasmuch

(small)thanitistoday.

hotter

better

smaller

4.(2019·全國Ⅰ卷)Scientistshaverespondedbynotingthathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(錯覺)thatpopulationsare

(high)thantheyactuallyare.

5.(2018·全國Ⅰ卷)Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears

(long)thannon-runners.

6.(2018·浙江卷)Theobviousoneismoney;eatingoutonceortwiceaweekmaybeaffordablebutdoingthismostdaysaddsup.Therecouldbeaneven

(high)costonyourhealth.

7.(2017·全國Ⅰ卷)Even

(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.

higher

longer

higherworse

8.(2017·浙江卷)Sixteenyears

(early),Pahlssonhadremovedthediamondringtocookameal.Whenshewantedtoputtheringbackonlater,itwasgone.

earlier

◆形容詞、副詞的最高級9.(2022·全國甲卷)Andin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa’s

(high)mountain.

10.(2022·全國乙卷)AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthe

(large)tea-producingcountry,Chinahasaresponsibilitytoworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.

11.(2020·全國Ⅲ卷)Onedaytheemperorwantedtogethisportrait(畫像)donesohecalledallgreatartiststocomeandpresenttheir

(fine)work,sothathecouldchoosethebest.

highest

largest

finest【用法點撥】形容詞、副詞比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成1.規(guī)則變化①單音節(jié)詞一般在詞尾直接加-er或-est,例如:small→smaller→smallestgreat→greater→greatesthard→harder→hardest②以e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)以ble結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞在詞尾加-r或-st,例如:fine→finer→finestable→abler→ablest③重讀閉音節(jié)詞詞尾只有一個輔音字母時,先雙寫該輔音字母,再加-er或-est,例如:thin→thinner→thinnesthot→hotter→hottestbig→bigger→biggest④以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞,先把y變?yōu)閕再加-er或-est,例如:happy→happier→happiestearly→earlier→earliest⑤多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)的形容詞和副詞,在原級前加more或most,例如:careful→morecareful→mostcarefuldifficult→moredifficult→mostdifficult2.不規(guī)則變化

原級比較級最高級good/wellbetterbestbad/badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest三、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換(一)名詞與形容詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換

【真題語境】◆名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞1.(2023·全國甲卷)

(difference)fromtraditionalfables,Carson’sstoryendswithanaccusationinsteadofamoral.

2.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)...Ihavebeenhelpingthepandakeepersatthezootofeelmorecomfortableand

(confidence)speakingEnglish.

3.(2022·全國甲卷)Caobelievesthiswillmakethehikingtripevenmore

(meaning).

Different

confident

meaningful

4.(2021·全國乙卷)Provide

(finance)aidandotherbenefitsforlocalpeoples.

5.(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)Itoldhimhow

(harm)plasticcouldbetotheenvironmentandaskedhimtoconsiderusingmoreeco-friendlyoptions.

6.(2021·全國甲卷)...westoppedatthedifferentgatesandwatchtowerstotakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeoplegoingabouttheir

(day)routines.

7.(2020·北京卷)Oliversaysifyou’re

(luck)enoughtohavesomeoneclosetoyouwhoenjoyscooking,askthemifyoucanjoininwhenit’spossible.

financialharmful

daily

lucky

8.(2020·全國Ⅱ卷)The

(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpink-coloredbuds(蓓蕾)makefantasticdecorations.

9.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Inthe18thand19thcenturies,

(wealth)peopletravelledandcollectedplants,historicalobjectsandworksofart.

10.(2019·全國Ⅱ卷)“...Wearesoproudofher.It’s

(wonder).”

11.(2019·全國Ⅲ卷)Theyalsosharedwithusmany

(tradition)storiesaboutHawaiithatwerehugelypopularwithtourists.

12.(2018·全國Ⅰ卷)Runningischeap,easyandit’salways___________

(energy).

beautiful

wealthy

wonderful

traditional

energetic

◆形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞13.(2022·全國乙卷)Chinahasa

(responsible)toworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.

14.(2020·全國Ⅰ卷)Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular____________

(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(環(huán)形山)...

15.(2020·全國Ⅲ卷)Filledwith

(curious),theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.

16.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Historical

(accurate)isimportantbutsoisentertainment.

responsibilityinterest

curiosity

accuracy【用法點撥】1.名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞的常見后綴-ialoffice→official官方的;society→social社會的-almusic→musical音樂的;person→personal私人的;nation→national國家的;education→educational教育的;tradition→traditional傳統(tǒng)的-yrain→rainy多雨的;wealth→wealthy富裕的;sun→sunny晴朗的;health→healthy健康的-ful/-lesswonder→wonderful精彩的;beauty→beautiful漂亮的;home→homeless無家可歸的;meaning→meaningful有意義的/meaningless無意義的-aryrevolution→revolutionary革命的-ablereason→reasonable有道理的;comfort→comfortable舒適的其他science→scientific科學(xué)的;energy→energetic精力充沛的;fool→foolish愚蠢的

2.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞的常見后綴

-ityresponsible→responsibility責(zé)任;curious→curiosity好奇心-cyfluent→fluency流利;private→privacy隱私,私密;accurate→accuracy精確;efficient→efficiency效率,功效-nesshappy→happiness快樂;kind→kindness仁慈-domfree→freedom自由;wise→wisdom智慧-thtrue→truth真相;warm→warmth溫暖;wide→width寬度;deep→depth深(度);strong→strength力量;long→length長度-tysafe→safety安全;cruel→cruelty殘酷,殘暴-yhonest→honesty誠實;difficult→difficulty困難-encedifferent→difference不同(之處);silent→silence寂靜;patient→patience耐心;absent→absence缺席;present→presence出席;confident→confidence信心;convenient→convenience方便-anceimportant→importance重要(性)(二)動詞與名詞間的轉(zhuǎn)換

真題語境】◆動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞1.(2023·全國甲卷)However,Carson’sthemeisamoreweighty__________

(warn)aboutenvironmentaldestruction.

2.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)SinceJune2017,rightbeforethe

(arrive)ofthetwonewpandas,MengMengandJiaoQing...

3.(2022·全國甲卷)CaoandWualsocollectedgarbagealongtheroad,inordertopromoteenvironmental

(protect).

warning

arrival

protection

4.(2021·全國乙卷)Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourism...andoftenprovidesmoneyforconservationandbenefitsthe

(develop)ofthelocalareas.

5.(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)Acompany

(represent)wrotebackandtoldmetheairlinewasswitchingovertheplastictopapercupsonallofits1,200dailyflights.

6.(2021·浙江卷)In1844theyboughtitfor$1,200andsomelandfromCharlesDresser,whoperformedtheir

(marry)ceremonyin1842.

7.(2020·全國Ⅱ卷)ChineseNewYearisa

(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.

developmentrepresentative

marriage

celebration

8.(2019·全國Ⅲ卷)Whentheywerefreefromwork,theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusknowofaninteresting

(compete)towatch,togetherwiththestorybehindit.

9.(2019·全國Ⅰ卷)InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavuthavereportedincreasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa________

(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.

10.(2018·浙江卷)Researchershavefoundthatthereisadirectlinkbetweentheincreaseinfoodeatenoutsidethehomeandtherisein

(weigh)problems.

competitionbelief

weight

◆名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為動詞11.(2018·全國Ⅰ卷)Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto

(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.

strengthen【用法點撥】動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞的常見后綴-mentmove→movement移動;pave→pavement人行道;disappoint→disappointment失望;argue→argument辯論,論據(jù);achieve→achievement成就;develop→development發(fā)展-agemarry→marriage婚姻;store→storage貯存-ion/-tion/-ation/-itioninvent→invention發(fā)明;communicate→communication交流;associate→association關(guān)聯(lián);translate→translation翻譯;expect→expectation期待,期望;explain→explanation解釋;add→addition添加,加法-urefail→failure失敗,沒做到;press→pressure壓力;mix→mixture混合,混合物;depart→departure離開,出發(fā)-ance/-enceappear→appearance出現(xiàn),外貌;prefer→preference偏愛;guide→guidance指引,指導(dǎo);refer→reference參考,查閱;perform→performance表演,節(jié)目;exist→existence存在,生存-alapprove→approval贊成;arrive→arrival到達;survive→survival幸存-(s)iondiscuss→discussion討論;decide→decision決定-inghear→hearing聽力,聽覺;begin→beginning開始部分;swim→swimming游泳

-yrecover→recovery恢復(fù),痊愈;discover→discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)其他believe→belief信仰;behave→behavior行為;know→knowledge知識;beg→beggar乞丐(三)形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換為副詞

【真題語境】1.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)NomatterwhereIbuythem,though,onesteamerbasketis

(rare)enough,yettwoseemsgreedy...

2.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)So,whataretheylearning?

(basic),howtodescribeapanda’slife.

3.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)TheGPNP’smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparatepopulationsandhomesofgiantpandas,and____________

(eventual)achieveadesiredlevelofpopulationinthewild.

rarely

Basically

eventually

4.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Thehotspringatthefootofthemountainissomethingyoumusttryaftertheclimb.Itwill

(undoubted)helpyougetrefreshed!

5.(2020·全國Ⅰ卷)Landingonthemoon’sfarsideis

(extreme)challenging.

6.(2020·全國Ⅱ卷)Chineselovetheir“LuckyBamboo”plantsandyouwillseethemoftenintheirhomesandoffices.

(certain)duringtheholidayperiod,thisplantisamust.

7.(2020·全國Ⅲ卷)Asthesmallboatmoved,

(gentle)alongtheriverhewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.

undoubtedlyextremely

Certainly

gently

8.(2019·全國Ⅰ卷)Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen

(poor)studied.

9.(2019·全國Ⅱ卷)Heryearsofhardworkhave

(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire’sWomanoftheYear.

poorly

finally【用法點撥】1.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換為副詞的規(guī)則①一般情況下形容詞后直接加-ly,例如:quick→quickly;apparent→apparently;eventual→eventually②以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的,一般把y變?yōu)閕再加-ly,例如:lucky→luckily;happy→happily③以le結(jié)尾的,一般去e加-y,例如:simple→simply;horrible→horribly④以ll結(jié)尾的,直接加-y,例如:full→fully⑤以ic結(jié)尾的,加-ally,例如:basic→basically⑥有些單詞的形容詞和副詞同形,例如:hard,fast,early,late2.常見的副詞后綴

-lystrangely奇怪地gently輕輕地truly真實地extremely極度地mainly主要地-ward(s)backward(s)向后homeward(s)向家eastward(s)向東-wiseclockwise順時針方向地【名師點睛】以-ly結(jié)尾的詞不一定是副詞,也可能是形容詞,如:friendly友好的;yearly每年的;lovely可愛的;lonely孤單的;likely可能發(fā)生的(四)動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞

【真題語境】1.(2023·全國乙卷)The

(remark)developmentofthiscity,whichisconsciouslydesignedtoprotectthepastwhilesteppingintothemodernworld,meansthereisalwayssomethingnewtodiscoverhere...

2.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Xiao

long

bao(soupdumplings),thoseamazingconstructionsofdelicatedumplingwrappersencasinghot,

(taste)soupandsweet,freshmeat,arefarandawaymyfavoriteChinesestreetfood.

3.(2021·全國乙卷)Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobecome

(educate)abouttheareas—bothintermsofgeographicalconditionsandculturalcharacteristics...remarkable

tasty

educated

4.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Strange,isn’tit?Butthat’shownatureis—alwaysleavingus

(astonish).

5.(2018·浙江卷)Theobviousoneismoney;eatingoutonceortwiceaweekmaybe

(afford)butdoingthismostdaysaddsup.astonished

affordable【用法點撥】動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞的常見后綴-edexcite→excited感到興奮的;surprise→surprised感到吃驚的-ingamaze→amazing令人驚奇的;interest→interesting令人感興趣的-ableeat→eatable可食用的;afford→affordable負擔(dān)得起的-fulforget→forgetful健忘的-ystick→sticky黏的;shine→shiny光亮的-tiveattract→attractive吸引人的;prevent→preventive預(yù)防的(五)基數(shù)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為序數(shù)詞

【真題語境】1.(2023·全國甲卷)Fableswerepartoftheoraltraditionofmanyearlycultures,andthewell-knownAesop’sfablesdatetothe

(six)centuryB.C.

2.(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)I’vealwayslovedtheocean.Inthe

(seven)grade,IstartedvolunteeringattheMontereyBayAquariuminCalifornia.

sixth

seventh【用法點撥】序數(shù)詞一般由基數(shù)詞加-th構(gòu)成。以y結(jié)尾的基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞,先把y變?yōu)閕,再加-eth。例如:thetwentieth/fiftieth。不規(guī)則的序數(shù)詞有以下幾個:first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth。序數(shù)詞前通常要加定冠詞the,但當(dāng)序數(shù)詞不表示順序,而表示“再一”“又一”時,要用不定冠詞。測效果課堂評價一、練時鮮——單句語法填空1.Anotherfactorbehindfootball’s

(popular)istheexcitementonthefield.

2.ThebikesarepopularamongmanyChinesepeopleastheyprovidean

(effect)solutioninplaceswhereit’sdifficulttochangefromonemeansoftransporttoanother.

3.TheuseofAItechnologyprovidesa

(broad)platformandstrongerknowledgesupportforculturalrelicsamongyoungpeople.

4.Bymonitoringyourenergyuseand

(automatic)turningofflightsandotherdevicesthatyou’renotusing,smartphonescanlowermuchelectricityyouuseoverall.

5.Butnow,intheageoftheInternetandsocialmedia,anyonewithanInternet

(connect)canenjoyasocialeatingevent.

popularity

effective

broader

automatically

connection二、練模擬——單句語法填空1.(2023·福建寧德重點中學(xué)高三一模)Outdoorexerciseprovidesalotofbenefitsbeyondthoseseenwith

(tradition)indoorworkouts.

2.(2023·山西太原二模)Throughe-commerce,thegovernmenthastaken

(measure)toincreasesalesoflocalagriculturalproducts.

3.(2023·廣西玉林高三三模)Ithasbeenaninnovativemeansofentertainmentsinceitscreation,delightingaudiencesforover1,900yearswithitsuniqueartistryand

(creative).

4.(2023·廣東深圳高三第一次調(diào)研)This

(true)representsBeijing—theoldandthenew,nicelymixingtogether.

traditional

measures

creativity

truly

5.(2022·山東濰坊三模)Everymorning,40-year-oldprincipalZhangPengfeiwouldleadabout700pupilsontheplaygroundinasynchronised“ghostshuttle”routine—adancethatincludescontemporaryjazz

(step)withheel,toe,andarmmovements.

6.(2022·廣西鹿寨中學(xué)高三三模)In1970,Chinalauncheditsfirstman-madeEarthsatellite,becomingthefifthcountryintheworldtolaunchman-madesatellites

(independent).

7.(2022·廣西柳州高三三模)AssoonasIopenedthebook,Iwas__________

(immediate)attractedbyMonkeyKing’sfigureofbraveryandadventure.

stepsindependently

immediately

8.(2022·江蘇南京、鹽城高三一模)Aruraltourtotheprovincemightallowtravellerstohaveaglanceattheirdailylivesaswellasthe____________

(develop)ofChina’srur