高中一輪復習英語北師大版第九周熱考話題集訓歷史與地理

第九周熱考話題集訓——歷史與地理閱讀理解ATheMuseumofLondonisstartingtounearthwhatmightturnouttobeasmanyas3,000humanskeletons(遺骸)underatrainstationintheUnitedKingdom'scapital.TheboneswereexposedwhenworkersbeganbuildinganewentrancetoatrainstationinLondon,England.Asthefirstcityburial(埋葬)groundinLondon,Bedlamwasprobablyusedbetween1569and1738.ItsnameesfromthenearbyHospitalofSaintMaryofBethlehem,whichpeoplealsocalledBedlam.Often,thepeopleburiedinBedlamcouldnotaffordtobeburiedanywhereelse.Theburialgroundalsoservedasanoverflowcemetery(墓地).Thatmeansthatifothercemeteriesbecamefull,apersonwouldbeburiedinBedlaminstead.Itisbelievedthattherecouldbeatotalof20,000skeletonsintheoverallburialground.ExpertsthinkstudyingtheskeletonsmayhelpthemlearnaboutLondon'spast,includingquestionsabouttheBlackDeath,adeadlydiseasethathadaterribleinfluenceonmuchoftheworld.Itstartedinthemid-1300sandsweptthroughAsia,Africa,andEurope.Historiansbelievealmost50millionpeoplediedofthedisease,includingmanyofthoseburiedatBedlam.“Sixteensixty-fivesawtheverylastrecordedperiodofthedisease，”saysJayCarver,theleadingexpertontheproject.CarverandhisteambelievetheBedlambodiesmayexplainwhytheoutbreaksuddenlystopped.ThedigsitealsositsaboveanevenolderRomanroad(betweenthe2ndand3rdcenturyA．D.).Archaeologists(考古學家)havealreadyfoundalargenumberofobjectsfromRomantimes,includinghorseshoesandurns.NickElsden,theprojectmanagerforthesite,says,“ThisistheUK'slargestarchaeologyproject,inwhatisoneoftheoldestareasofthecity,sowestandtolearnagreatdeal.”語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了倫敦修建車站時發(fā)現的一些遺骸。1．Theunderlinedword“exposed”inParagraph1canbestbereplacedby“________”．A．discovered B．searchedC．returned D．studied解析：選A詞義猜測題。由該詞后的“whenworkersbeganbuildinganewentrancetoatrainstation”可知，當工人們開始修建通往一個火車站的新入口時發(fā)現了這些遺骸，故選A項。2．AccordingtoParagraph3,theBlackDeath________.A．killedalmost30millionpeopleB．startedinthe1300sinBedlamC．continuedforover300yearsD．wasonlyfoundinEurope解析：選C細節(jié)理解題。由第三段中的“Itstartedinthemid-1300s”和“Sixteensixty-fivesawtheverylastrecordedperiodofthedisease”可知，這一疾病持續(xù)了三百多年，故選C項。3．WecanlearnfromthetextthatBedlam________.A．servedasacemeteryforrichpeopleB．wasoncetakenupbytheRomansC．gotitsnamethankstoJayCarverD．usedtobeatrainstation解析：選B推理判斷題。由最后一段中的“ThedigsitealsositsaboveanevenolderRomanroad”和“alargenumberofobjectsfromRomantimes”可知，Bedlam曾被古羅馬人侵占，故選B項。4．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．TheMuseumofLondonB．ARomanroadinBedlamC．HistoryoftheBlackDeathD．SkeletonsecretsinLondon解析：選D標題歸納題。文章主要介紹了倫敦修建車站時發(fā)現的一些遺骸，故用D項作為標題最恰當。BAnanimalthatisofgreatimportancetothesoutheasterncoastofOmanistheabalone,ashellfishthathasbeethecenterofthenation'smulti-million-dollarindustry.Once,abaloneshellfishwerebroughttothesurfaceinthehopethattheirbodieshadbeautifulpearls.Today,theshellfisharecaughtforadifferentreason—restaurantmenus!ThefreshwhiteshellfishhasapleasanttasteandisthemosthighlyvaluedproductfromOmaniwaters.Abaloneliveinshallowseawaters.Youngabaloneliveinsmallgroups,holdingontotheundersidesofrocks,whiletheadultsliveinlargergroupstogetherinrockycracks.Theycanonlysurvivesuccessfullyinareaswherecold,richwaterrisesfromtheseabed.There,intheshallow,brightlylitconditions,theabaloneshellfishlive.Theenvironmentalrequirementsforcoolwaterconditionsareseldommetand,asaresult,abalonefisheriesworldwideareveryrestricted.Untilrecently,therewasathree-yearofficialorderagainstabalonefishinginOmanandnowfishingisonlyallowedfromOctober20toNovember15eachyear.ThecoastofDhofarinOmanisoneofthefriendlyenvironmentsthatsupportabalonepopulations.ThesoutherncoastofOmanexperiencesmonsoon(季風)windsacrossthesurfaceoftheseafromApriltoSeptember.Asthesewindsblowacrossthesurface,therichcoldwaterfromthedepthsoftheArabianSeacaneasilyriseandmovetowardsthecoast.Afterthemonsoonperiod,fishermenjumpintothesea,reachingadepthof10meters.Groupsofuptotenmensearchforabalonelivingonrocksandremovetheshellsusingaknife,beforeingupforair.Agoodfishermansearchesforlargeadultsandwillgetupto600abaloneaday.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了阿曼的鮑魚產業(yè)。5．WhydoOmanifishermencatchabalonenowadays?A．Theyaregoodpets.B．Theyareverydelicious.C．Therearepearlsintheirbodies.D．Theirshellsarebeautifulanduseful.解析：選B細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段中的“Today,theshellfisharecaughtforadifferentreason—restaurantmenus！”可知，如今阿曼的漁民采集鮑魚是因為它味道鮮美。6．Whatdoweknowaboutabalone?A．Theypreferthedarkness.B．Theyliveundertheseabed.C．Theyfacebadrockyconditions.D．Theyneedspecialenvironments.解析：選D推理判斷題。根據第二段中的“Theycanonlysurvivesuccessfullyinareaswherecold,richwaterrisesfromtheseabed.”可知，鮑魚的生長需要特殊的環(huán)境。7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“restricted”inParagraph3mean?A．Strange. B．Controlled.C．Unpopular. D．Underdeveloped.解析：選B詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞下一句中的“therewasathree-yearofficialorderagainst...November15eachyear”可知，鮑魚的捕捉受到嚴格的“限制”。8．Whatinfluencedomonsoonwindshaveonabalone?A．Theyarehelpfulforabalone'ssurvival.B．Theycarryabalonetothesurface.C．Theybringabalonetothecoast.D．Theyhelpabalonetomove.解析：選A細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段中的“oneofthefriendlyenvironmentsthatsupportabalonepopulations”及“Asthesewindsblowacross...easilyriseandmovetowardsthecoast.”可知，季風對鮑魚的生存有益。CRenaissanceisaFrenchword.Itmeans‘rebirth’.It'sastrangenameforaperiodofhistory.Whatwasitthatwas‘reborn’duringtheRenaissance?Toanswerthisquestion,weneedtolookbackatthetimeoftheRomanEmpire.AtthistimeRomanartists,scientistsandwritersinfluencedbyGreekideasweretheworld'smostadvanced.Theyhadbeeskilledobserversofthenaturalworldaroundthem,andhadbeeexpertsinstudyinganimals,plants,thehumanbodyorthestarsandplanets.Theywrotedowntheirideasaboutwhattheysaw,andbasedtheirtheoriesabouttheworldontheirobservations.DuringthefourthandfifthcenturiestheRomanEmpireslowlybrokedown.ManyoftheRomans'artandsculpturesweredestroyedandsomemanuscripts(原稿)werelostaswell.Butmostimportantly,someoftheancientattitudeswerelost.Aquestioningapproachtotheworldwasreplacedbyanunquestioningone.Whydidthishappen?OnereasonwastodowiththeinfluenceoftheChristianChurch.Throughthethousandyearsfollow,thefalloftheRomanEmpire,theChurchcontrolledmanyaspectsoflifeincludingeducationandlearning.TheChurchranalltheuniversitiesandthoughtthattheaimofauniversityshouldbetoteacholdideasmoreclearly,nottointroducenewones.ThescholarsintheuniversitieswereexpectedtostudyGodandheavenfromtheBibleandancientbooks,ratherthantheworldaroundthem.Takemedicine,forexample.ThemaintextbookfordoctorshadbeenwrittenbyaGreekdoctorcalledGalenmorethanathousandyearsearlier.ButwhenRogerBacon,athirteenth-centurypriest(牧師),saidthatanewapproachtomedicinewasneeded—doctorsshoulddotheirownoriginalresearchinsteadofreadingwritersfromthepastsuchasGalen—theChurchputhiminprison.Bythetimeofthefourteenthcentury,however,somepartsoftheChristianChurchwerebeinglessstrictabouttheirideasandtherewasanewstateofmindamongartists,doctorsandscientists.Peoplewantedtofindoutmoreabouttheworldbystudyingit.Thisattitudeofinvestigationhadbeenmoninclassicalscholars,anditwas‘reborn’duringtheRenaissance.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。“文藝復興”一詞來源于法語，意為“重生”，那么在文藝復興時期重生的是什么呢？本文給出了答案。9．WeknowfromthetextthatscientistsatthetimeoftheRomanEmpirebelievedin________.A．theirpanions'observationsB．whattheysawwiththeirowneyesC．whattheylearnedfromtheGreeksD．themostadvancedtheoriesattha