高考英語大一輪復(fù)習(xí) 4 Unit 4 Global warming知能演練輕松闖關(guān)（含解析）新人教版選修6-新人教版高三選修6英語試題

Unit4Globalwarmingeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)閱讀理解A(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)Wemaythinkwe’reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(裝置)wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That’sbadnewsfortheenvironment—andourwallets—astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife—fromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration.Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andbox-setTVsdefined1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.AndMP3players,smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin2007.Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidn’tthrowoutouroldones.“Theliving-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekids’room,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse，”saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin1992to13in2007.We’renotjustkeepingtheseolddevices—wecontinuetousethem.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbitt’steam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions(排放)morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.Sowhat’sthesolution(解決方案)?Theteam’sdataonlywentupto2007,buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.【解題導(dǎo)語】該文指出生活中常見的過時電子設(shè)備其實(shí)作用小、耗能高，并提出了解決方案。1．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?A．Theyareenvironment-friendly.B．Theyarenobetterthantheold.C．Theycostmoretouseathome.D．Theygooutofstylequickly.A解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)對第一段的整體理解可知，與新的電子設(shè)備相比，過時電子設(shè)備不僅耗能高，而且危害環(huán)境，所以可推斷出，新的電子設(shè)備是環(huán)保的，故選A項(xiàng)。2．WhydidBabbitt’steamconducttheresearch?A．Toreducethecostofminerals.B．Totestthelifecycleofaproduct.C．Toupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.D．Tofindoutelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句中的“Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife”可知，Babbitt的團(tuán)隊做這項(xiàng)研究的目的是計算電子設(shè)備的耗電情況，故選D項(xiàng)。3．Whichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy?A．Thebox-setTV. B．Thetablet.C．TheLCDTV. D．Thedesktopcomputer.B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段最后一句“Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%”可知，用平板電腦替換電視機(jī)和臺式電腦會節(jié)省44%的能耗，根據(jù)第二段中的“LCDTVsentered...showedupin2007”可知，平板電腦應(yīng)比液晶電視耗能低，故選B項(xiàng)。4．Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?A．Stopusingthem. B．Takethemapart.C．Upgradethem. D．Recyclethem.A解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第二句中的“theresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction”可推斷出，文章建議用多功能的新設(shè)備來替換過時設(shè)備，即停止使用過時設(shè)備，故選A項(xiàng)。takeapart“拆卸”；upgrade“使升級”；recycle“回收利用”。B(2019·江西名校聯(lián)盟檢測)Foroveracentury,theNashuaRiverinMassachusettsprovidedpowerformills(工廠),whichgavejobstothousandsofpeople.Overtheyears,thesepaper,cotton,wood,andwoolenmillshaddumpedtheirwasteintoitswaters.Bythe1960s,theNashuaRiverwasaboutaspollutedasanyrivercouldget.Itswatersranredorgreenorbluewithdye(染料)frompapermillssituatedonitsbanks.Thefumes(煙)fromthisdyeblackenedthepaintonthebuildingsneartheriver.ThenalongcameMarionStoddartwithasimplebutoverwhelmingidea—cleanuptheNashua.Thiswasnoone-womancampaign.Stoddartencouragedthepapermillsandthebusinesscommunitytoformpartnershipstoreclaimtheriver.Shecarriedjarsofdirtyriverwatertolocalofficialstodemonstratetheseriousnessoftheproblem.Stoddarttalkedwithbusinessleadersabouteconomicproblems.Shetalkedwithenvironmentalistsaboutthelong-termproblemsofpollution.StoddartknewthattheStateWaterPollutionControlBoardwouldhavethefinalsayonforcingtheclean-up.Whenshespoketotheboard,sheinsistedthattheNashuashouldbemadesafeforswimming.Theythoughthergoalswereunrealistic.However,thepartnershipsStoddarthadhelpedformandthevolunteerswhoweredrawntohercausenevergaveup.Theyallrealizedthatcleaninguptheriverwasineveryone’sbestinterests.By1993,severalwatertreatmentplantshadbeenbuilt,andaconservationareacalleda“greenway”hadbeencreatedalongthebanksoftheriver.Todaymillsarestilloperatingalongtheriver,buttherearealsofishintheriver.TheNashuaRiverwelcomesboaters,naturalists,andevenswimmers.Noneofthiswouldhavebeenpossiblewithoutawomanofvisionandacommunityworkingtogether.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文講的是MarionStoddart如何聯(lián)合個體、團(tuán)體和政府部門共同治理河水污染的事。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reclaim”referto?A．Rescue. B．Enlarge.C．Monitor. D．Explore.A解析：詞義猜測題。結(jié)合語境及上下文中出現(xiàn)的“cleanuptheNashua”“theclean-up”“cleaninguptheriver”等信息可知，此處指的應(yīng)是河流治理方面的內(nèi)容，由此可推知畫線詞的意思應(yīng)是“改造”，與A項(xiàng)意思相近，故選A。6．What’stheboard’sattitudetoStoddart’sgoalofimprovingtheriver?A．Supportive. B．Doubtful.C．Neutral. D．Cautious.B解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Whenshespoketotheboard...Theythoughthergoalswereunrealistic.”可知，該委員會認(rèn)為Stoddart改善河流狀況的目標(biāo)不切實(shí)際，即持懷疑的態(tài)度，故選B。7．WhatkindofpersonisMarionStoddart?A．Independentandbroad-minded.B．Determinedandfar-sighted.C．Intelligentandcreative.D．Stubbornandproud.B解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三、四段中對Stoddart為了改善河流狀況東奔西走的描述及最后一段中的“awomanofvision”可知，MarionStoddart是一個有決心和有遠(yuǎn)見卓識的人。故選B。8．Whatmessageisconveyedthroughthenoone-womancampaign?A．It’llbeallrightonthenight.B．Preventionisbetterthancure.C．Manyhandsmakelightwork.D．Failureisthemotherofsuccess.C解析：推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，改善納舒厄河被污染的現(xiàn)狀并不是Stoddart一個人的戰(zhàn)斗，她還積極地聯(lián)合個體、團(tuán)隊和政府部門共同治理河水污染，并最終收到成效。由此可知，C項(xiàng)“眾人拾柴火焰高”符合題意。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)七選五(2019·廣州檢測)Philadelphiaisacityknownformanythings.ItiswheretheDeclarationofIndependencewassignedin1776,anditwasalsothefirstcapitaloftheUnitedStates.1.________Itishometonearly3，000murals(壁畫)paintedonthesidesofhomesandbuildingsaroundthecity.That’smoremuralsthananyothercityonEarth.2.________Morethan20yearsago,aNewJerseyartistnamedJaneGoldenstartedaprogrampairingtroubledyouthwithartiststopaintmuralsonafewbuildingsaroundthecity.3.________Theteenagersinvolvedhelpedtocreatemagnificentpiecesofart,andtherewereother,evenmoreimportant,benefits.Theyoungpeoplelearnedtocooperateandgetalongwithmanydifferentkindsofpeopleduringthepainting.Theylearnedtoberesponsible,becausetheyneededtofollowascheduletomakesurethemuralswerecompleted.4.________ItishardforanyonetoseethespectaculardesignsandnotfeelproudtobeapartofPhiladelphia.TakeawalkaroundsomeofthepoorestneighbourhoodsinPhiladelphiaandyouwillfindbeautifulworksofartonthesidesandfrontsofbuildings.Ofcoursethemuralsarenotjustinpoorneighbourhoods,butricheronesaswell.Specialbusestaketouriststodifferentpartsofthecitytoseethevariousmurals,whichshowthediverseethnicgroupsthatcallPhiladelphiahome.5．________ItisalsoamodelforothercitiesthroughoutAmericaseekingtohelptroubledyouth.A．Howdidthiscometobe?B．Whathappenedtothemuralsonearth?C．Theyalsolearnedtotakeprideintheircommunity.D．ButonefactaboutPhiladelphiaisnotsowell-known.E．Fromthissmallproject,somethingmagicalhappened.F．Theprogramencouragedtroubledyouthtopainttogetherwiththeirteachers.G．Asaresultofitssuccess,themuralprogramhasnowbecomethenation’slargestpublicartprogram.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了費(fèi)城壁畫的發(fā)展歷史及其重大意義。1．D解析：由本段第一句可知，費(fèi)城因?yàn)樵S多東西而聞名。D項(xiàng)“但是有一個事實(shí)不是很為人所知”是對前文的轉(zhuǎn)折，同時引出本文所要介紹的內(nèi)容，承上啟下，符合語境。故選D項(xiàng)。2．A解析：上一句介紹了費(fèi)城擁有比世界其他城市都多的壁畫；下文介紹了費(fèi)城壁畫發(fā)展的歷史。A項(xiàng)“這是怎么出現(xiàn)的？”承上啟下，符合語境。故選A項(xiàng)。3．E解析：根據(jù)下一句中的“therewereother,evenmoreimportant,benefits”可知，這些問題少年參與到壁畫的創(chuàng)作中，并且在這個過程中帶來了更重要的益處。E項(xiàng)“從這個小小的項(xiàng)目中，一些神奇的事情發(fā)生了”引出了對壁畫益處的介紹，符合語境。故選E項(xiàng)。4．C解析：根據(jù)下一句“Itishardforanyone...notfeelproudtobeapartofPhiladelphia.”可知，人們開始將這些壁畫當(dāng)作是費(fèi)城引以為傲的一部分。C項(xiàng)意為“他們同樣學(xué)會了為自己的社區(qū)感到驕傲”，句中的“also”承接上文，takepridein與下文中的“feelproud”相呼應(yīng)，承上啟下，符合語境。故選C項(xiàng)。5．G解析：根據(jù)下一句“Itisalsoamodelforothercities...”可知，最后總結(jié)了壁畫對費(fèi)城產(chǎn)生的影響。G項(xiàng)意為“由于它的成功，這個壁畫項(xiàng)目已經(jīng)成為整個國家最大的公共藝術(shù)項(xiàng)目”，是對費(fèi)城壁畫的地位評價，總結(jié)全文，符合語境。故選G項(xiàng)。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)短文改錯(2019·鄭州一中上學(xué)期高三入學(xué)測試)TheincidenthadhappenedonmywaytoabookstoreontherainySundayafternoon.Iwaswaitingforthegreen