04- 備戰(zhàn)2024年高考英語模擬卷（新高考Ⅰ卷專用）（解析版）

備戰(zhàn)2024年高考英語模擬卷（新高考I卷專用）黃金卷04（考試時間：120分鐘試卷滿分：150分）注意事項：1．答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號等填寫在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。2．回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號。回答非選擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3．考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1分，滿分5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1．Whichpartofthespeechshouldtheboyimprove?A．Thevocabulary. B．Thepronunciation. C．Thelogic.【答案】C【原文】M:Helen,whatdoyouthinkofmyspeech?W:Well,youusedtherightwords,andyourpronunciationwasquiteallright.Butyoumadesomestatementsthatdidn’tmakeanysense.M:Isee.Iwillworkonthatpartnexttime.2．Whatdoesthemanmean?A．Theshopkeepercanhelp.B．Heisnotinterestedinart.C．Heknowstheareaverywell.【答案】A【原文】W:Excuseme,whereisthenearestsubwaystation?Iwanttovisittheartgalleryintown.M:Sorry,I’mafraidIcan’thelp.I’mnotanativehere.Isuggestthatyouasktheshopkeeperintheclothingstoreacrossthestreet.W:Thanks.3．Howdoesthewomansound?A．Annoyed. B．Concerned. C．Confused.【答案】A【原文】W:Comeon.Let’smovetoanothertable.M:What’swrong,Beatrice?It’sinconvenientforustomoveourbags,booksandpens.W:You’reright.Butlook,themannexttousissmokinghereinthelibrary.Ican’tstandit!Iwillfindsomeoneincharge.4．Wherearethespeakers?A．Inahospital. B．Inagrocerystore. C．Inarestaurant.【答案】B【原文】W:Ifyoudon’tneedanythingelse,wewillgotothecheckoutthere,honey.M:Hmm…Istillwantsomeoranges.Theylooksofresh.W:Sure.Theweatherisdrythesedays.Yourdadoftencoughsinthemorning.Orangesmaybehelpful.5．Whydoesn’tthewomanwearthepinkskirt?A．It’salittlesmall.B．Ithasabrightcolor.C．It’stoocasualforaformaloccasion.【答案】C【原文】M:Hi,darling!WhichskirtdoyouplantowearforJane’sweddingceremony?W:I’dliketowearthepinkone,foritsuitsmewell.Butyouknowit’sjusttoocasual.IsupposeI’dbetterdecideontheblueone.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。6．Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A．Makeareservation. B．Changehisflight. C．Cancelhisorder.7．Whendoestheconversationtakeplace?A．OnJanuary13th. B．OnJanuary14th. C．OnJanuary15th.【答案】6．B7．A【原文】W:ReservationCenter.WhatcanIdoforyou?M:Yes.It’saboutmyplaneticket.W:MayIhaveyourname,please?M:MynameisZhangRui.Infact,IhaveareservationonFlightNo.125forZhenjiang,leavingBeijingat2:00p.m.tomorrow.NowI’dliketomakeachangeofmytravelschedule.W:Whendoyouplantomakeit?M:Isitpossibletochangemybookingtothedayaftertomorrow?W:Yes.YouarereconfirmedonFlightNo.125forZhenjiang,leavingBeijingat2:00p.m.onJanuary15th.M:Thanksalot.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。8．Whatdoesthemantellthewoman?A．Check-outtime. B．Thebill. C．Hisbaddream.9．Whattimeisitnow?A．11:30a.m. B．2:00p.m. C．6:00p.m.10．Howdoesthemansound?A．Tired. B．Grateful. C．Understanding.【答案】8．A9．A10．C【原文】M:Hello,Ms.Lee?W:Yes,speaking!M:I’mjustcallingtoremindyouthatyoumustcheckoutbynoon.W:OhmyGod.It’salready11:30a.m.M:Thereisa$30extrafeeforlatecheckout.W:Doyouthinkyoucouldgivemeabreak?Ihadanawfulnightyesterday.M:Whathappened,Ms.Lee?W:Ijustlayinbedalmostsleeplessuntil6a.m.M:I’msorrytohearthat.W:SoIwaswonderingifIcouldcheckoutalittlelater.M:IthinkIcanmakeanexceptionthistime.Doyouthinkyouwillbeabletocheckoutby2:00p.m.?W:Noproblem.Thankyouverymuch.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。11．Whatdoesthewomanwanttochange?A．Thesubjectofthemeeting. B．Thetimeofthemeeting. C．Thelocationofthemeeting.12．Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Classmates. B．Bossandemployee. C．Teacherandstudent.【答案】11．B12．C【原文】W:Oh,Philip.Weweresupposedtomeetearlierthismorningtodiscussyourschoolwork,weren’twe?M:Yes,that’sright.W:I’msorryIcouldn’tbeatmyoffice.Ihadtosortoutaprobleminthecanteen.Couldwemeetthisafternoon?M:Idon’tthinkIcan.Ihavedoublephysicsandthenmathsthisafternoon.W:OK.Howaboutlunchtime?M:That’sfine.W:Itwon’ttakelong.Ijustwanttogothroughyourprogresssofar.Idon’tthinkthereareanyproblemswithyourwork,arethere?M:No,everything’sfine,asfarasI’mconcerned.W:Well,stillcomealongtomyofficewhenyou’reready.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。13．Whatistheman?A．He’sacoach. B．He’sanathlete. C．He’sashopassistant.14．Whydoesthewoman’sbrotherseldomgoswimming?A．Heisoftenoutwithhisfriends. B．Helivesfarfromthebeach. C．Hedoesn’tlikeswimming.15．Whichitemwillthewomanpayforatlast?A．Aswimmingsuit. B．Askateboard. C．Asurfboard.16．Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?A．Doingsports. B．Havingarace. C．Buyingagift.【答案】13．C14．A15．C16．C【原文】W:Hi,I’mlookingforapresentformylittlebrother’sbirthday,butI’mnotsurewhattogethim.M:Well,we’reintheskateboardsection,soisitaskateboardthatyou’rethinkingofgettinghim?W:I’mnotsure.He’sbeenskateboardingsincehewasfiveyearsold!M:Isee.Ifhealreadyhasaskateboard,howaboutsomethingabitdifferent?Doeshelikeswimming?W:Helovesit,buthe’salwaysoutwithhisfriends,sohenevergetstoswimthatmuch.It’sashamebecauseourhomeisonlyfiveminutesfromthebeach.M:Howaboutgettinghimasurfboard?Ifhe’skeenonskateboarding,he’sgoingtolovesurfing.W:Whatagreatidea!He’sneverdoneitbefore,butIthinkit’sperfect!However,I’mthinkingthismaygetabitexpensiveifheneedsaswimmingsuittoo.M:It’syourluckydaybecausewearedoingadealatthemoment.Ifyoubuyasurfboard,theswimmingsuitcomesfree!W:Excellent!Mybrotherisgoingtolovethis!聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。17．WhatdidthreeuniversitiesinAustraliadecidetodo?A．DesignalandmarkbuildingusingAL.B．AllowstudentstouseAIwhentakingexams.C．EncouragestudentstowriteessaysusingChatGPT.18．Whatisartificialintelligenceposinghugechallengesfor?A．TheInternet. B．Examfairness. C．Drivingsafety.19．HowlongdoesittakeChatGPTtocreateauthentic-lookingtexts?A．Seconds. B．Minutes. C．Hours.20．What’sDrVitomirKovanovic’sattitudetoAI?A．Negative. B．Doubtful. C．Favourable.【答案】17．B18．B19．A20．C【原文】Thewideapplicationofartificialintelligenceinourlivesiscreatingwaves.ThreeuniversitiesinAustraliahaveadoptedwhatseemslikealandmarkpolicy.ThethreeinstitutionsareallowingstudentstouseAlwhentakingassessments,althoughunderstrictconditions.ProfessorRomyLawsonsaid,“Insteadofbanningstudentsfromusingsuchprogrammes,weaimtoassistacademicstaffandstudentstousedigitaltoolstosupportlearning.”TheInternetisfilledwithAItextgenerators.Thesecanbeusedtocreateessaysthatlookauthenticenoughtofoolexaminers.ArtificialIntelligenceisposinghugechallengestoexamfairness.Itisthebiggestdestructorsincecalculatorswereallowedintomathstests.ThelatestdilemmaforeducatorscomesfromalanguageprocessingchatboxcalledChatGPT.Thiscanproducehighlyauthentichuman-likecontentonanysubjectinseconds.Ithascausedfearsthatstudentswilluseittowriteessays.TheUniversityofSouthAustralia’sDrVitomirKovanovicsaidteachersneededtoacceptAI.Hesaid,“TeachersneedtoacceptAI.Youcannotstopit.ThealternativeistheMiddleAges-goingtopenandpaper.Universitiesneededtochangewiththetimes.”Headded,“It’slikehavingadrivingschool,butteachingpeoplehowtoridehorses.”第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題:每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。A（2023·河北滄州·滄州市第二中學(xué)校聯(lián)考三模）FourPreschoolWinterStoriesTheSnowyDaybyEzraJackKeatsKeatscapturesthatchildhoodjoyofplayinginthesnow.Theboy,Peter,putsonhissnowsuitandheadsoutintothebeautifulsnow.Theillustrationsareabsolutelybeautiful.Itisfulloffun.Petertakessomesnowhomewithhiminhispocketonlytofindthatitmeltedwhilehewastakingabath.Ohno!Isthatthelastofsnow?Nottoworry,thesnowiswaitingforPeterinthemorning.HowtoCatchaYeti(雪人)byAdamWallaceInthissillysnowyadventure,thekidssetawholebunchofclevertrapstocatchayeti.However,theyetieasilyescapesandthetrapsbackfireonthekidswithfunnyresults.Ifyoulookcloselyattheillustrations,youcanfind“hidden”membersoftheyeti’sfamilywatchingthekids.WinterDancebyMarionDaneBauerThisisasweetstorythatteacheskidsabouthowanimalsspendthewinter.Asthefirstsnowflakefallsonthefox’snose,foxwonderswhatheissupposedtodoinwinter.Theotherforestanimalstellhimhowtheyprepareforwinter.Someflysouth,othersstorefood,andsomehibernate(冬眠).Unfortunatelynoneoftheseideaswillworkforfox.Finally,anotherfoxcomesalongandshareswhatfoxesdoinwinter—theydanceinthefallingsnow!BearisAwake:anAlphabetStorybyHannahE.HarrisonWithhardlyanywords,thereaderpiecesthestorytogetherfromthefantasticillustrationsandthealphabetletterandcorrespondingwordoneachpage.Inthisbook,abearawakenstooearly(A=awake)andsetsoffinsearchoffood.Itfindsalittlegirlinacabin,who,throughaseriesofhumorousevents,helpsthebearreturntoitshomeandgobacktosleep.21．InwhichbookistheleadingcharacterPeter?A．TheSnowyDay. B．HowtoCatchaYeti.C．WinterDance. D．BearisAwake:anAlphabetStory.22．What’sthebookWinterDanceabout?A．Thejoyofplayinginthesnow. B．Thewayanimalsspendthewinter.C．Thestoryofanimalshibernating. D．Abearinsearchoffood.23．Whowrotethebookwithhardlyanywords?A．EzraJackKeats. B．AdamWallace.C．MarionDaneBauer. D．HannahE.Harrison.【答案】21．A22．B23．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章向我們介紹了四本適合學(xué)齡前兒童看的有關(guān)冬天的書。21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“TheSnowyDaybyEzraJackKeats”部分的“Theboy,Peter,putsonhissnowsuit(男孩，彼得，穿上了他的雪衣)”可知彼得是TheSnowyDay這本書的主角，故選A項。22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“WinterDancebyMarionDaneBauer”部分的“Thisisasweetstorythatteacheskidsabouthowanimalsspendthewinter.(這是一個可愛的故事，教孩子們動物如何過冬)”可知WinterDance這本書是關(guān)于動物們過冬的方式，故選B項。23．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“BearisAwake:anAlphabetStorybyHannahE.Harrison”部分的“Withhardlyanywords(幾乎沒有任何言語)”可知HannahE.Harrison寫的BearisAwake:anAlphabetStory這本書幾乎沒有任何語言，故選D項。B（2023·浙江溫州·統(tǒng)考二模）In1986,Iwatchedmyfirstsoccermatchonmyparents’bigboxtelevision.Iwassix,andeversincethen,IhavedreamedofattendingtheWorldCup.Thisyear,ItraveledtoBraziltomakemydreamareality.ThefirstmatchIattendedwasbetweenAustraliaandSpain.Withinminutesofwalkingintothestadium,Ifoundmyselfsurroundedbytheexcitedfans,talkingandcheeringtogether.Unlikewhatonenormallyseesonthenews,thismatchwasmainlypeacefulexceptforonefight.Whenthefightstarted,thewholesectionbeganchanting(呼喊)withonevoice,askingthosefightingtostop.Whentheydidn’t,therabble-rousersweresentoutbysecurityguardsminuteslater.WhatstruckmeaboutthegamesIattendedwasthesenseofcamaraderie.Imetsoccerfansfromdifferentcountries.Sometimeswewerecheeringforthesameteamandsometimesforoppositeteams,butthatdidn’tstopusfrombecomingfriends.Thestandswerenotdividedbetweenteams,andtheinteractionwasoftenspirit-lifting.IalsowatchedthegameinSaoPaulothatousted(淘汰)BrazilfromtheWorldCup.IwaswithfriendsatalargebarwhichhostedamixofBrazilianandGermansupporters.AsGermanyscoredonegoalafteranother,thesadnessandeventearswerevisibleonthefacesofBrazilians.ButGermanfanscametotheBrazilianstocomfortthemandapologizethatthegamewasendingwithsuchabiggap.Everyonewashopingforagoodmatch.WhatIloveabouttheWorldCupisthatitprovidesachanceforpeopletolearnaboutothercountriesandcultures.Peoplelearnaboutthecountriesoftheteamstheysupportandabouttheiropponents’historyandculture.Soccerisagamethatnotonlygivespeoplethechancetolearnabouteachotherbutalsohasthepotentialtounitepeople.Sportscanbeadividingforce,butthetruespiritofsportsisaboutunityandfun.ThematchesatthisWorldCuphavebeenexactlythatsofar,andIhopeitremainsso.24．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“rabble-rousers”inparagraph2referto?A．Theinjuredplayers. B．Thefightingfans.C．Theexcitedviewers. D．Thesecurityguards.25．Whatimpressedtheauthormostaboutthegamesthatheattended?A．Thechantingfans. B．Thepeacefulatmosphere.C．Thewarmfriendship. D．Theplayers’performance.26．Whydidtheauthormentionhisbarexperience?A．Topresentafact. B．Toillustrateapoint.C．Tosolveaproblem. D．Tomakeacomparison.27．Whatismainlyconveyedinthepassage?A．Fans’supportcountsinsports. B．TheWorldCupisworthattending.C．Sportsbringtheworldtogether. D．Sportsareaboutculturalexchange.【答案】24．B25．C26．B27．C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議。文章主要敘述了作者參加世界杯的經(jīng)歷，包括親眼所見的現(xiàn)場情況以及自己的感受，通過這些經(jīng)歷來說明體育運(yùn)動可以團(tuán)結(jié)人們，避免文化差異產(chǎn)生的隔閡，達(dá)到文化交流的效果。24．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“Unlikewhatonenormallyseesonthenews,thismatchwasmainlypeacefulexceptforonefight.(與新聞上通常看到的不同，這場比賽主要是和平的，除了一場斗毆。)”及“Whenthefightstarted,thewholesectionbeganchanting(呼喊)withonevoice,askingthosefightingtostop.(打架開始時，整個看臺開始異口同聲地高呼，要求斗毆者停止)”及結(jié)合劃線句子“Whentheydidn’t,therabble-rousersweresentoutbysecurityguardsminuteslater.(當(dāng)他們沒有這樣做時，……在幾分鐘后被保安人員送出去。)”可知，觀眾呼喊打架停止，打架者沒有聽，被保安帶了出去，因此推測rabble-rousers的意思為打架的粉絲，故選B。25．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“WhatstruckmeaboutthegamesIattendedwasthesenseofcamaraderie.Imetsoccerfansfromdifferentcountries.Sometimeswewerecheeringforthesameteamandsometimesforoppositeteams,butthatdidn’tstopusfrombecomingfriends.(我參加的比賽讓我印象深刻的是友情。我遇到了來自不同國家的足球迷。有時我們?yōu)橥恢蜿牃g呼，有時為對立的球隊歡呼，但這并沒有阻止我們成為朋友。)”可知，讓作者印象深刻的是熱情的友誼。故選C。26．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“IwaswithfriendsatalargebarwhichhostedamixofBrazilianandGermansupporters.AsGermanyscoredonegoalafteranother,thesadnessandeventearswerevisibleonthefacesofBrazilians.ButGermanfanscametotheBrazilianstocomfortthemandapologizethatthegamewasendingwithsuchabiggap.Everyonewashopingforagoodmatch.(我和朋友在一個大酒吧，那里有巴西和德國的支持者。當(dāng)?shù)聡犚粋€接一個地進(jìn)球時，巴西人臉上可以看到悲傷甚至淚水。但德國球迷來到巴西人面前安慰他們，并為比賽以如此大的差距結(jié)束而道歉。每個人都希望有一場精彩的比賽。)”及第五段“WhatIloveabouttheWorldCupisthatitprovidesachanceforpeopletolearnaboutothercountriesandcultures.(我喜歡世界杯的原因是它為人們提供了一個了解其他國家和文化的機(jī)會。)”可知，作者提到自己酒吧的經(jīng)歷是為了說明一點，即運(yùn)動可以團(tuán)結(jié)不同國家和文化背景的人們。故選B。27．推理判斷題。文章主要介紹了作者在巴西參加世界杯的經(jīng)歷，以及體育運(yùn)動有可能讓來自不同國家和文化背景的人團(tuán)結(jié)在一起。根據(jù)第五段中“Peoplelearnaboutthecountriesoftheteamstheysupportandabouttheiropponents’historyandculture.Soccerisagamethatnotonlygivespeoplethechancetolearnabouteachotherbutalsohasthepotentialtounitepeople.(人們了解他們支持的球隊的國家以及對手的歷史和文化。足球是一項不僅讓人們有機(jī)會相互了解，而且還有可能團(tuán)結(jié)人們的游戲。)”以及第六段“Sportscanbeadividingforce,butthetruespiritofsportsisaboutunityandfun.ThematchesatthisWorldCuphavebeenexactlythatsofar,andIhopeitremainsso.(體育可以是一種分開的力量，但真正的體育精神是團(tuán)結(jié)和樂趣。到目前為止，本屆世界杯的比賽就是這樣，我希望它能繼續(xù)保持下去。)”,再結(jié)合作者分享了來自不同團(tuán)隊的球迷之間的和睦互動及合作，強(qiáng)調(diào)了體育運(yùn)動可以促進(jìn)文化交流，讓人們了解其他國家和文化，可推斷，文章揭示了體育運(yùn)動盡管偶爾會出現(xiàn)沖突，但最主要的還是將全世界人民團(tuán)結(jié)在一起，促進(jìn)文化交流與理解。故選C。C（2023·湖南郴州·統(tǒng)考一模）Everybodylovesafatpayrise.Yetpleasureatyourowncandisappearifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.Indeed,ifhehasareputationforbeinglazy,youmightevenbeshockedandangry.Suchbehaviourisregardedas“alltoohuman”,withtheassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance(不滿).ButastudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatitisalltoomonkey,aswell.Theresearchersstudiedthebehaviouroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys(僧帽猴).Theylookcute.Theyaregood-natured,co-operativecreatures,andtheysharetheirfoodreadily.Aboveall,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales.SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan’sandDr.deWaal’sstudy.Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetoken(代幣)forfood.Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.However,whentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparatebutneighboringrooms,sothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforitsrock,theirbehaviourbecameobviouslydifferent.Intheworldofcapuchins,grapesareluxurygoods(andmuchpreferabletocucumbers).Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrapeinexchangeforhertoken,thesecondwasreluctanttohandhersoverforamerepieceofcucumber.Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatall,theothereitherthrewherowntokenattheresearcheroroutofthechamber,orrefusedtoacceptthesliceofcucumber.Indeed,themerepresenceofagrapeintheotherchamber(withoutanactualmonkeytoeatit)wasenoughtoleadtoresentment(抱怨)inafemalecapuchin.Theresearcherssuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,likehumans,areguidedbysocialemotions.Inthewild,theyareaco-operative,group-livingspecies.Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.Feelingsofrighteousindignation(義憤感),itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone.Refusingalesserrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelingsabundantlycleartoothermembersofthegroup.However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritoriginatesfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.28．Inthefirstparagraph,howdoestheauthorintroducehistopic?A．Byposingaquestion. B．Byexplaininganassumption.C．Byexplainingadefinition. D．Bymakingacomparison.29．Whatdoestheunderlinedstatement“itisalltoomonkey”meaninthefirstparagraph?A．Dislikingunfairnessisalsomonkeys’nature.B．Monkeyshaveareputationforlaziness.C．Monkeys,likehumans,tendtobejealousofeachother.D．Noanimalsotherthanmonkeyscandevelopsuchemotions.30．Dr.BrosnanandDr.deWaalhaveeventuallyfoundintheirstudythatthemonkeys________.A．prefergrapestocucumbersB．willnotbeco-operativeiffeelingcheatedC．canbetaughttoexchangethingsD．a(chǎn)reunhappywhenseparatedfromothers31．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Animalscanbetrainedtodevelopsocialemotions.B．Animalsseldomshowtheirfeelingsopenlyashumansdo.C．Humanangerevolvedfromanuncertainsource.D．Cooperationamongmonkeysremainsstableonlyinthewild.【答案】28．D29．A30．B31．C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，文章主要介紹了由佐治亞州亞特蘭大埃里莫大學(xué)的SarahBrosnan和FransdeWaal對猴子個性進(jìn)行的一項研究。28．推理判斷題。從文章第一段“Everybodylovesafatpayrise.Yetpleasureatyourowncandisappearifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.Indeed,ifhehasareputationforbeinglazy,youmightevenbeshockedandangry.Suchbehaviourisregardedas“alltoohuman”,withtheassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance(不滿).(人人都喜歡大幅加薪。然而，如果你得知一位同事得到了更大的獎勵，你自己的快樂就會消失。事實上，如果他有懶惰的名聲，你甚至可能會感到震驚和憤怒。這種行為被認(rèn)為是“人之常情”，認(rèn)為其他動物不可能有這種高度發(fā)達(dá)的悲憤意識。)”可知，在第一段中，作者通過對比介紹了其主題。故選D。29．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段的“Suchbehaviourisregardedas“alltoohuman”,withtheassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance(不滿).(這種行為被認(rèn)為是“人之常情”，認(rèn)為其他動物不可能有這種高度發(fā)達(dá)的悲憤意識。)”和“aswell(也)”可知，SarahBrosnan和FransdeWaal進(jìn)行的研究則表明猴子同樣會“因為不公平而不憤怒”，故劃線部分的意思是“怨恨不公平也是猴子的天性”，故選A。30．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.(只有當(dāng)每只動物都覺得自己沒有被欺騙時，這種合作才可能穩(wěn)定。)”可知，Brosnan和deWaal博士最終在他們的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)猴子如果感到被欺騙，就不會合作，故選B。31．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritoriginatesfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.(然而，這種公平感是在卷尾猴和人類身上獨立進(jìn)化而來，還是起源于3500萬年前這兩個物種的共同祖先，至今仍是一個沒有答案的問題。)”可推斷，人類的憤怒源自一個不確定的來源。故選C。D（2023上·廣東廣州·高三廣州市第三中學(xué)校考階段練習(xí)）Whileteenagerswhoareatriskofdepressionwithriskybehaviors—drinkingalcohol,smokingcigarettesandcuttingclassesoftenalertparentsandteachersthatseriousproblemsarebrewing,anewstudyfindsthatthere’sanothergroupofadolescentswhoareinnearlyasmuchdangerofexperiencingthesamementalsymptoms.Theseteensusetonsofmedia,getinsufficientsleepandhaveasedentary(不愛活動的)lifestyle.Ofcourse,thatmaysoundlikeadescriptionofeveryteenagerontheplanet.Butthestudywarsthatitisteenagerswhoengageinallthreeofthesepracticesintheextremethataretrulyinadangerousposition.Becausetheirbehaviorsarenotusuallyseenasaredflag,theseyoungpeoplehavebeencalledthe“invisiblerisk”groupbythestudy’sauthors.Thestudy’sauthorssurveyed15,395studentsandanalyzednineriskbehaviors,includingexcessivealcoholuse,illegaldruguse,heavysmokingandhighmediause.Theiraimwastodeterminetherelationshipbetweentheseriskbehaviorsandmentalhealthissuesinteenagers.Thegroupthatscoredhighonallnineoftheriskbehaviorswasmostlikelytoshowsymptomsofdepression;inall,nearly15%ofthisgroupreportedbeingdepressed,comparedwithjust4%ofthelow-riskgroup.Buttheinvisiblegroupwasn’tfarbehindthehigh-riskset,withmorethan13%ofthemexhibitingdepression.ThefindingscaughtCarlioffguard.“Wedidn’texpectthat,”hesays.“Thehigh-riskgroupandlow-riskgroupareobvious,butthisthirdgroupwasnotonlyunexpected.Itwassodistinctandsolarger—nearlyonethirdofoursample—thatitbecameakeyfindingofthestudy.”Carlisaysthatoneofthemostsignificantthingsabouthisstudyisthatitprovidesnewearlywarningsignsforparents,teachersandmentalhealth-careproviders.Andearlyidentifications,supportandtreatmentformentalhealthissues,hesays,arethebestwaystokeepthemfromturningintofull-blowndisorders.32．Whichteenagerprobablybelongstothe“invisiblegroup”?A．Ateenagerwhodrinksfrequently. B．Ateenagerwhoexercisesregularly.C．Ateenagerwhoskipsschool. D．Ateenagerwhosuffersfromalackofsleep.33．Whatcanweknowaboutthenewstudy?A．Itwasconductedbyanalyzingandcomparingthepreviousdata.B．Itwasintendedtodigintothereasonsfordepression.C．Itrevealedanalarmingrateoftheinvisiblegroupsufferingdepression.D．Itsfindingswereunderexpectationoftheresearchteam.34．WhatisCarli’sattitudetowardthefindings?A．Unclear. B．Positive. C．Doubtful. D．Indifferent.35．Theauthorwrotethispassageto______.A．introduceanewtherapyforteens’mentaldisorderB．warabouttheunobservedsignalsforteens’mentalproblemsC．shareanovelpsychologicalexperimentwithteensD．cautionteensagainstdevelopingunhealthyhabits【答案】32．D33．C34．B35．B【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，該研究表明生活作息不規(guī)律的青少年有患抑郁癥的風(fēng)險。32．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Theseteensusetonsofmedia,getinsufficientsleepandhaveasedentary(不愛活動的)lifestyle.Ofcourse,thatmaysoundlikeadescriptionofeveryteenagerontheplanet.Butthestudywarsthatitisteenagerswhoengageinallthreeofthesepracticesintheextremethataretrulyinadangerousposition.Becausetheirbehaviorsarenotusuallyseenasaredflag,theseyoungpeoplehavebeencalledthe“invisiblerisk”groupbythestudy’sauthors.(這些青少年使用大量的媒體，睡眠不足，生活方式久坐不動。當(dāng)然，這可能聽起來像是對地球上每一個青少年的描述。但研究表明，那些極端地從事這三種行為的青少年才是真正處于危險境地的人。因為他們的行為通常不會被視為危險信號，這些年輕人被該研究的作者稱為“隱形風(fēng)險”群體)”可知，睡眠不足的青少年可能屬于“隱形群體”。故選D。33．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Thegroupthatscoredhighonallnineoftheriskbehaviorswasmostlikelytoshowsymptomsofdepression;inall,nearly15%ofthisgroupreportedbeingdepressed,comparedwithjust4%ofthelow-riskgroup.Buttheinvisiblegroupwasn’tfarbehindthehigh-riskset,withmorethan13%ofthemexhibitingdepression.(在所有九種危險行為中得分較高的那一組最有可能出現(xiàn)抑郁癥狀;總的來說，這一組中有近15%的人患有抑郁癥，而低風(fēng)險組中只有4%的人患有抑郁癥。但隱形人群的情況并不比高危人群差多少，其中超過13%的人表現(xiàn)出抑郁)”可推知，這項新研究揭示了隱形風(fēng)險組患抑郁癥的比率驚人。故選C。34．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Carlisaysthatoneofthemostsignificantthingsabouthisstudyisthatitprovidesnewearlywarningsignsforparents,teachersandmentalhealth-careproviders.Andearlyidentifications,supportandtreatmentformentalhealthissues,hesays,arethebestwaystokeepthemfromturningintofull-blowndisorders.(Carli說，他的研究最重要的一點是，它為父母、老師和精神衛(wèi)生保健提供者提供了新的早期預(yù)警信號。他說，對心理健康問題的早期識別、支持和治療是防止它們演變成全面失調(diào)的最好方法)”可知，Carli表示這項研究最重要的發(fā)現(xiàn)之一是它為父母、老師和精神健康服務(wù)提供者提供了新的早期預(yù)警信號，及早發(fā)現(xiàn)、支持和治療精神健康問題，可以預(yù)防它們演變?yōu)楦鼑?yán)重的問題。由此推知，Carli對這項研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)持積極態(tài)度。故選B。35．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Whileteenagerswhoareatriskofdepressionwithriskybehaviors—drinkingalcohol,smokingcigarettesandcuttingclassesoftenalertparentsandteachersthatseriousproblemsarebrewing,anewstudyfindsthatthere’sanothergroupofadolescentswhoareinnearlyasmuchdangerofexperiencingthesamementalsymptoms.(雖然酗酒、吸煙和逃課等危險行為會使青少年有患抑郁癥的風(fēng)險，但一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，還有另一群青少年也有同樣的心理癥狀)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了一項新研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些青少年患抑郁癥的隱形風(fēng)險因素，并強(qiáng)調(diào)了早期發(fā)現(xiàn)和治療精神健康問題的重要性，以預(yù)防它們演變?yōu)楦鼑?yán)重的問題。由此推知，作者的目的是警告人們注意青少年精神問題的未被注意到的信號。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題:每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。（2023上·湖南常德·高三漢壽縣第一中學(xué)?？茧A段練習(xí)）WhyCookingMealsatHomeBenefitsMoreThanJustYourWalletWhenhungerstrikes,theconvenienceofenteringafast-foodrestaurantororderingtakeoutcanbeterriblyattractive.36However,whenitbecomesaroutine,yourwaistline,yourwalletandyourhealthcanbebadlyaffected.Herearefourreasonstomakecookingathomeyouroption.·It’scheaper.Youcouldspend$100atafancyrestaurantforonedinner,whilethesameamountofmoneycouldbuyyougroceriesforaweek.Whenyoushopsmartandgetcreative,youneedn’tspendmorethan$1onbreakfast,$2onlunchand$4ondinnertopurchasewholesome,healthyfoods.Here’show:37·Itmayreduceyourexposuretocertainchemicals.Themostsurprisingbenefitofcookingathomecandecreasetheamountofharmfulchemicalsyou’reexposedto.38Commonintakeoutandfast-foodpackaging,thosechemicalshavebeenassociatedwithmanydiseases.Foodpackagingcanalsocontainotherdamagingcompounds(化合物).·Youcanbetterestimatecalories.39Thatiswhypeopletendtoconsumeextracalorieswhendiningawayfromhome.Onthecontrary,youhavecompletecontroloverthefoodmaterialswhenyoucookinyourownkitchen.Choosingfiber-packedvegetablesandmeatcontaininglessfatwill