高考英語完整版準備考一輪講義（譯林版）必修二Unit3Amazingpeople

Unit3Amazingpeople個人情況之(二)——杰出人物[一積詞匯見多識廣][課內(nèi)單詞回扣](一)閱讀詞匯寫其義1．preservevt.保存，保護，保持2.entrancen．入口3．nativeadj.本地的，本國的4.datan．(pl.)數(shù)據(jù)；資料5．panionn．伴侶；陪伴6.candidaten．候選人，申請人7．connectionn．聯(lián)系，關(guān)聯(lián)8.explorern．探險家；勘探者9．murdervt.&n．謀殺10.survivaln．幸存，存活11．statusn．地位，身份12.superiorn．上級adj.更好的(二)表達詞匯寫其形1．contentn．內(nèi)容2.punishmentn．懲罰3．virusn．病毒4.disturbvt.打擾，擾亂5．variousadj.各種各樣的6.optimisticadj.樂觀的7．outgoingadj.愛交際的；外向的8.desiren．愿望，渴望vt.期望，渴望(三)拓展詞匯靈活用*1.curiousadj.好奇的→curiouslyadv.好奇地→curiosityn．好奇(心)2.fortunen．大筆的錢，財富；運氣→fortunateadj.幸運的→fortunatelyadv.幸運地→unfortunatelyadv.不幸運地3.scientificadj.科學的→sciencen．科學→scientistn．科學家4.requirementn．要求，規(guī)定→requirev．要求*5.inspirevt.啟迪，賦予靈感；激勵，鼓舞→inspiredadj.受到啟發(fā)的→inspiringadj.令人振奮的→inspirationn．靈感；激勵*6.discouragevt.使灰心；勸阻→couragen．勇氣→encouragev．鼓勵→encouragementn．鼓勵*7.devotionn．奉獻；忠誠；專心→devotevt.獻出，付出；專心于→devotedadj.摯愛的；忠誠的8.organizationn．組織；機構(gòu)→organizev．組織→organizern．組織者*9.applyvi.申請vt.使用，應(yīng)用→applicationn．申請→applicantn．申請人用上面加*號的單詞的適當形式填空1.Whenaskedwhereherinspirationofthenovelcamefrom,shesaidherfather'sinspiringwordsinspiredhertowriteit.2．Childrenarealwayscuriousabouteverythingtheyseeandhear.Theywillaskallkindsofquestionscuriously.Tomeettheircuriosity,_we'dbetteranswerthem.3．Theoldteacherdevotedallhislifetoeducatinghisdevotedstudentsandhewasadmiredforhisdevotiontohiseducationcause.4．AlltheapplicantscanapplyinpersonorbyletterandatthesametimeshouldhandintheirapplicationsbeforeMay6th.5．ThefailureintheEnglishcontestdiscouragedmybrother.What'sworse,hefeltdiscouragedinothersubjects.Inordertohelphimregainhiscourageandgetrelaxed,myparentsandIallencouragedhimtotakeatrip.[話題單詞積累]1．expert/'eksp??t/n.專家；專業(yè)工作者2．qualification/?kw?l?f?'ke??(?)n/n．資格3．potential/p?'ten?l/adj.潛在的n.潛力4．undertake/?nd?'te?k/vt.承擔，從事，負責5．program/'pr??ɡr?m/n.項目；工程；規(guī)劃6．worthwhile/w??θ'wa?l/adj.值得的；值得做的7．childhood/'t?a?ldh?d/n.童年；幼年時代8．respect/r?'spekt/vt.&n.尊敬；尊重；敬意9．considerate/k?n's?d(?)r?t/adj.體貼的，體諒的，考慮周到的10．modest/'m?d?st/adj.謙虛的；謙讓的11．a(chǎn)stronomer/?'str?n?m?/n.天文學家12．plain/ple?n/adj.樸素的；簡單的13．uniform/'ju?n?f??m/n.制服14．cheerful/'t???f?l；-f(?)l/adj.興高采烈的15．create/kri?'e?t/vt.創(chuàng)造，創(chuàng)作；造成16．sympathetic/s?mp?'θet?k/adj.同情的17．independent/??nd?'pend?nt/adj.獨立的18．virtue/'v??tju?；-t?u?/n.美德，品行19．dignity/'d?gn?t?/n.尊貴，高尚20．sensitive/'sens?t?v/adj.敏感的21．intelligence/?n'tel?d?(?)ns/n.智力22．distinction/d?'st??(k)?(?)n/n.優(yōu)秀，卓越23．outstanding/a?t'st?nd??/adj.杰出的24．resign/r?'za?n/vt.&vi.辭職25．bonus/'b??n?s/n.津貼，獎金，紅利26．renowned/r?'naund/adj.著名的；有聲望的27．devise/d?'va?z/vt.設(shè)計28．interest/'?nt(?)r?st/n.興趣；利息29．colleague/'k?li?g/n.同事30．background/'b?kgra?nd/n.背景31．impress/?m'pres/vt.使印象深刻32．deliberately/di'lib?r?tli/adv.故意地；謹慎地；慎重地33．issue/'??u?；'?sju?/n.問題；流出；期號vt.發(fā)行，發(fā)布；放出，排出vi.發(fā)行；流出[二積短語頓挫抑揚][課內(nèi)短語回扣](一)根據(jù)漢語寫出下列短語*1e_across(偶然)遇見；發(fā)現(xiàn)*2.result_in導(dǎo)致，結(jié)果是……*3.look_up_to敬佩*4.be_curious_about對……感到好奇5.set_sail啟航*6.as_well_as也，以及*7e_into_use使用8.be_known_as作為……而出名9.be_fit_for適合10.in_connection_with關(guān)于11.go_down_in_history載入史冊12.pay_off成功；帶來好結(jié)果13.of_all_time有史以來14.get_in_touch_with取得聯(lián)系15.live/realize_one's_dream實現(xiàn)夢想16.be_in_control_of_(something)掌管(二)用上面加*號的短語完成下列句子1.Thecitizensofthecityalllook_up_tothepolicemanwhoshowscourageanddevotiontoduty.2．Duringyourtour,you'lle_acrossrivers,mountainranges,spectacularwaterfalls,wildlifeandlongwildbeaches.(2018·蘇州一模)3．Theyalsoagreethatitistheburningofmoreandmorefossilfuelsthathasresulted_inthisincreaseincarbondioxide.4．Peoplehavealwaysbeen_curious_aboutexactlyhowlifeonearthbegan.5．TheAmericanRedCrossprovidesrelieftovictimsofdisasters,_as_well_ashelpspeopleprevent,prepareforandrespondtoallsortsofemergencies.6．Duringthenineteenthcentury,aunitofchemicalcurrencycalledthemolecame_into_use.[話題短語積累]1．believein相信，堅信2．beinterestedin對……感興趣3．makecontributionsto對……做貢獻4．haveaneffecton影響5．makeprogress取得進步6．takeon雇用；接納；承擔7．begiftedat對……有天賦8．beskilledin在……方面熟練9．mediumheight中等身材10．beinchargeofsth.主管11．getalong/onwith與……相處12．signupfor報名，參加13．beabsentfrom缺席……14．graduatefrom從……畢業(yè)15．bestrictwith對……要求嚴格16．beabsorbed/occupiedin全神貫注于17．do/make/perform/carryoutanexperiment做實驗18．haveagoodmandof精通……19．catchupwith趕上20．goinfor/participatein/joinin參加，從事21．get/bepromoted獲得晉升[三積句式寫作扮靚][課內(nèi)句式仿寫]1．by＋時間名詞，在句中作狀語[例句]Bythe1920s,hehadbeeanexplorer,searchingforthetombsoftheEgyptiankings.[仿寫]到上周為止，已有二十個留學生已經(jīng)接受了我們的邀請。(2017·6月浙江高考滿分作文)By_last_weektwentystudentsfromabroadhad_acceptedourinvitation.2．“連詞＋過去分詞”是狀語從句的省略[例句]Ifbreathedin,theycanresultinillnessorevendeath.[仿寫]如果對它感興趣，你可以將你的申請發(fā)到ping-pong@123。(2017·全國卷Ⅲ滿分作文)If_interested_in_it,_youmayemailyourapplicationtoping-pong@123.3．強調(diào)句型[例句]AlthoughYangdidnotgetthebestscoresoneverysingletest,itwashishighscoresonthepsychologicalteststhatfinallywonhimthestatusofChina'sfirstastronaut.[仿寫]是魏源，在他的書《海國圖志》中首先將現(xiàn)代技術(shù)和理念介紹到中國。(2016·北京高考滿分作文)It_was_Wei_Yuan,_inhisbookHaiguoTuzhi,who_first_introducedmoderntechnologiesandideastoChina.[話題佳句背誦]1．Bornin1995,he,a23-year-oldstudent,isstudyinginauniversity.他出生在1995年，現(xiàn)在是一個23歲的學生，正在一所大學就讀。2．ShewasawardedtheNobelPrizeinChemistryforherscientificachievements.因為在化學方面的科研成就她被授予諾貝爾獎。3．JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon—soexpert,indeed,thatheattendedQueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.約翰·斯諾是倫敦一位著名的醫(yī)生——他的確醫(yī)術(shù)精湛，因而成了維多利亞女王的私人大夫。4．Hegainedpopularityinlocalareas,whichcaughtattentionofafamousChinesesinger,whoremendedhimtoCCTV.他在當?shù)睾苡忻麣?，引起了一名中國著名歌唱家的注意，并把他推薦給了中國中央電視臺。[四背語段語感流暢]BillGateswasbornon28October,1955andgrewupinSeattle.Hisfatherwasalawyerwhilehismotherwasateacher.Attheageof13,hewascuriousaboutputers,discoveredhisinterestinsoftwareandbeganprogrammingputers.ItwasBillGateswhohadadramaticeffectontheputertechnologyintheworld.Althoughhehasmuchfortune,hewasstillasimpleandkindperson.比爾·蓋茨出生于1955年10月28日，在西雅圖長大。他的父親是一位律師，他的母親是一位教師。在他13歲時，他對計算機感到好奇并且發(fā)現(xiàn)對軟件很感興趣并開始給計算機編程。是比爾·蓋茨對世界電腦技術(shù)產(chǎn)生了巨大影響。盡管他很富有，但是他很簡樸善良。[第一板塊重點詞匯突破][師生共研詞匯]1．curiousadj.好奇的，求知欲強的；奇特的[教材原句]Hewasbrightandcuriousabouttheworldoutsidehishometown.他天資聰穎，并且對家鄉(xiāng)外部的世界充滿了好奇。(1)becuriousabout...對……感到好奇becurioustodosth.極想做某事(2)curiosityn.好奇心outofcuriosity出于好奇satisfyone'scuriosity滿足某人的好奇心(3)curiouslyadv.好奇地①Helikestravelling,becauseheis_curious_to_knowmoreabouttheworld.他喜歡旅游，因為他渴望更多地了解這個世界。②Questionsyouraisemustclearlybemotivatedbycuriosity_(curious)aboutthespeaker'sviews.(2018·日照一模)你提的問題顯然是出于對演講者的觀點好奇而激發(fā)的。③Curiously(curious),thestruggletosurvivehasgreatlyimprovedherhealth.奇怪的是，她求生的抗爭使得她的健康狀況大有好轉(zhuǎn)。2．fortunen．[C]大筆的錢，財富；命運，前途；[U]運氣[教材原句]Insidethetombs,hediscoveredagreatfortuneinjewelsandgold,alongwiththepreservedbodiesofdeadkings.在這些陵墓中，他發(fā)現(xiàn)了一大批的珠寶和黃金以及已故國王們保存的遺體。(1)makea/one'sfortune發(fā)財tryone'sfortune碰運氣(2)fortunateadj.幸運的befortunatetodosth.有幸做某事(3)fortunately＝luckilyadv.幸運地unfortunately＝unluckilyadv.不幸地(4)misfortunen.不幸①We'veallheardstoriesofschooldrop-outswhohavemade_their/a_fortune.我們都聽到過很多輟學生發(fā)財?shù)墓适?。②Mycousinwas_fortunate_to_findajobassoonasshegraduatedfromtheuniversity.我的表妹一大學畢業(yè)就幸運地找到了一份工作。③Thestorecaughtfire.Fortunately(fortunate),allthepeoplethereescapedfromit.商店著火了。幸運的是，那里所有的人都逃了出來。3．contentn．內(nèi)容；[復(fù)數(shù)]容納的東西；目錄；[單數(shù)]含量；滿足adj.滿足的，滿意的vt.使?jié)M足[教材原句]Afterwards,allofitscontentswouldgointoamuseum.隨后，所有墓中的東西都將進入博物館。[一詞多義]寫出句中content的含義①Therehasbeenarecenttrendinthefoodserviceindustrytowardlowerfatcontentandlesssalt.(2017·全國卷Ⅰ語法填空)含量②Itisreportedthatmorethanhalfofthosesurveyedonthewebsitesaytheyarecontentwiththeircurrentlife.滿意的③Thereisatableofcontentsinfrontofadictionary.目錄④WillitcontentyouifIletyouhavecandiestomorrow？使?jié)M足⑤Thecontentsoftheletterarestillsecretuntiltoday.內(nèi)容(1)be/feelcontentwith...對……滿足/滿意becontenttodosth.樂于做某事(2)contentoneselfwith...滿足于……⑥Thosewhoare_content_with/content_themselves_withtheirpresentsituationswillsurelymakenodifferenceinlife.那些滿足于現(xiàn)狀的人在生活中一定不會有大的作為。4．disturbvt.打擾，擾亂；使(某人)煩惱或不安[教材原句]Whenatombisopened,freshairdisturbstheviruses.墓穴被打開時，新鮮空氣擾亂了病毒的生存環(huán)境。(1)Itdisturbssb.todosth.做某事使某人不安bedisturbedby為……感到不安；被……打擾(2)disturbedadj.感到不安的；心煩意亂的disturbingadj.令人不安的，引起煩惱的①Dadnormallyhatesbeing_disturbed(disturb)whenheiswriting.(2018·上海一模)爸爸通常不喜歡在寫作的時候被打擾。②Thebooktakesplaceduringadisturbing(disturb)timeinSouthAfrica,whenthecountrywasdealingwithviolenceandtherapidspreadofAIDS.(2018·南寧模擬)這本書寫的是南非的一個令人不安的時期，當時該國正在處理暴力和艾滋病的迅速蔓延。③Mygrandmotheris_very_disturbed_bythelossofhearing.我祖母對失去聽力深感不安。④It_disturbed_her_to_realizethatshewasalone.她意識到自己孤單一人，心里很不安。5．discouragevt.使灰心；勸阻，阻止；使泄氣[教材原句]Eventhoughsomeofthegorillaswerequitedangerous,thisdidnotdiscourageDian.盡管有些大猩猩相當危險，但這沒有阻止黛安。(1)discouragesb.fromdoingsth.勸某人不要做某事；使某人失去做某事的信心(2)discouragingadj.令人泄氣或沮喪的discouragedadj.(人)感到泄氣或沮喪的(3)discouragementn.勸阻；泄氣；使人泄氣的事；挫折，氣餒①Inanefforttodiscourage_people_from_usingplastics,scientistshavebeenhardatworkinventingalternativepackagingproducts.(2018·煙臺一模)為了勸人們不要使用塑料，科學家們一直在努力發(fā)明可替代的包裝產(chǎn)品。②Yetinsteadofbeing_discouraged_bymyslowprogress,Iwasexcited.(2017·全國卷Ⅰ完形)我并沒有因為自己進步緩慢而沮喪，相反我很興奮。③Today'sreportontheeconomyisso_discouraging_thatmanypeoplelosehopeoftheirbusiness.今天的經(jīng)濟報告是如此令人沮喪以至于許多人對生意失去了希望。6．desiren．渴望，欲望，愿望vt.渴望，期望；想要[教材原句]Healwayshadastrongdesiretolearnhowtofly.他總是強烈渴望能學習飛行。(1)have/loseadesireeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth.想/不想做某事,forsth.想/不想得到某物))(2)desiretodosth.渴望做某事desiresb.todosth.想要某人做某事desirethat...(should)dosth.渴望……(3)desiredadj.渴望的；想得的①Mostpeoplehave_a_desire_tocollectthings.大多數(shù)人都想收集東西。②Wedesirethatimmediatehelp(should)_be_given(give)tothelocalvillagerswhohavebeentrappedbytheflood.我們渴望能給那些被洪水圍困的當?shù)卮迕駛兲峁┘皶r的救援。③Sleepinguponahardbedwithoutanypillowsometimesbringthe_desired_result.在沒有枕頭的硬床上睡覺有時會帶來理想的結(jié)果。④Idesireto_contact(contact)himforsomesuggestionsonimprovingmylistening.我想和他聯(lián)系，就提高我的聽力征求一些建議。[名師點津]desire后跟賓語從句、同位語從句或表語從句時，從句謂語動詞用虛擬語氣，即“should＋動詞原形”形式，should可以省略。7．a(chǎn)pplyvi.申請；適用vt.使用，應(yīng)用；專心于；涂抹，敷[教材原句]In1998,heappliedtobeamemberofProject921,whichisnowcalledShenzhou.1998年，他申請成為“921”計劃(現(xiàn)名“神舟”計劃)的成員。[一詞多義]寫出句中apply的含義①Inthiswaytheycanbetterapplytheorytopractice.應(yīng)用，使用②Interestedinthisinternationalnetwork,Iamwritingtoapplyforitsmembership.申請③Thenurseappliedtheointmenttothewound.涂抹，敷(1)apply...to...把……運用到……中；把……涂到……上applyto...適應(yīng)……；適用于……apply(to...)for...(向……)申請……applyoneselfto集中精力于(2)applicantn.申請人applicationn.申請；申請書；適用④Whenanideaoccurredtotheapplicant,_hefirstapplied_it_tohiswork.Healsoapplied_forapatentaboutit.Thenheapplied_himself_tomakingnecessarychanges.當那位申請人想到一個主意時，他首先把它應(yīng)用到他的工作中。他還申請了一項專利。然后他集中精力做了必要的改變。[自主練通詞匯]1．preservevt.保存，保護，保持n.保護區(qū)完成句子①Socialactivitiesusuallypreserve_old_people_fromtheloneliness.社會活動經(jīng)常保護老年人免于孤獨之苦。②Ithinktheseinterestingoldcustomsshouldbe_well_preserved.我認為這些有趣的舊習俗應(yīng)該被很好地保留下來。③Inthisnature_preserve,_alltherareplantsare_well-preserved.在這種自然保護區(qū)，所有珍稀植物都保存完好。2．inspirevt.啟迪，賦予靈感；激勵，鼓舞單句語法填空①ShehopestoinspiretheJamaicansto_lay(lay)downtheirweapons.(2016·江蘇高考閱讀)②Thelittleproblemsthatwemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirations(inspire)forgreatinventions.(2017·北京高考)③Itisreallyinspiring(inspire)tohearthatmysongotfirstplaceinthemathscontest.④Everydayinourwork,weareinspired(inspire)bythepeoplewemeetdoingextraordinarythingstoimprovetheworld.(2016·四川高考閱讀)[點撥]inspiringadj.鼓舞人心的(修飾說明物)；inspiredadj.受到鼓舞的；有靈感的(修飾說明人)。[詞匯過關(guān)練]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Somepeopleeatwildanimalsnotonlytoenjoythetastebutalsotowanttosatisfytheircuriosity(curious)．2．Hisparentstriedtodiscouragehimfromgoingabroad,butfailed.3．Everyonedesiresto_live(live)inaworldfreeofworriesandpains.4．Unfortunately(fortunate),thatricketyoldsled(雪橇)theyusedcouldn'tholdupandtheycrashed.5．Mygrandfathercontentedhimself(he)withasingleglassofwine.6．Manymeasureshavebeentakentopreserveournaturalresourcesfrombeingwasted.7．Ourteacherinspiredusto_make(make)greaterefforts.8．I'mwritingtoapplyforthepositionadvertisedinyourpany.9．Beingnative,Iammyhadnotroubleinfindingtheentrancetothevalley.Ⅱ.單句改錯1．Inspiringbythespeech,thelittlegirlmadeuphermindtoworkevenharder.Inspiring→Inspired2．Don'tbesodiscouraging.Ifyouputawaysuchfeelings,youwilldobetternexttime.discouraging→discouraged3．ShortafterthatraceIgotitinmyheadthatIcouldrunamarathon.Short→Shortly4．Peoplegatheredround,curiouslytoknowwhatwashappening.curiously→curious5．Iamverydisturbingbytheplaintsthathavebeenmadeagainstyou.disturbing→disturbed6．Wealwaysdesireliveinharmonywithourneighbors.live前加to7．Iftheconstitutionsaidthatallpeoplewerefreeandequal,thenshethoughtitshouldapplyforher.for→to8．Theorganizationwassetuptopreserveendangeredspeciestoextinction.第二個to→fromⅢ.單句寫作(補全句子/一句多譯)1.Everyonehasachanceofmaking_a_fortune(發(fā)財)bystruggling.2．Youshould'tbe_content_with_such_small_success(滿足于這樣小的成功)．3．Ishouldapply_for_the_post(申請這個職位)ifIwereyou.4．這位老婦人希望她的兒女們不時地來看望她。①Theoldwomandesiredhersonsanddaughtersto_e_and_seeherfromtimetotime.(desiresb.todo)②Theoldwomandesired_thathersonsanddaughterse_and_seeherfromtimetotime.(desirethat...)5．我們希望壞天氣不會阻止人們前來。①Wehopethebadweatherwon'tdiscourage_people_fromingalong.(discourage)②Wehopethebadweatherwon'tprevent_people_fromingalong.(prevent)③Wehopethebadweatherwon'tstop_people_fromingalong.(stop)[第二板塊短語、句式突破]1．eacross(偶然)遇見；發(fā)現(xiàn)；被理解[教材原句]There,theycameacrossthetombofKingTutankhamun.在那個地方，他們偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了圖坦卡蒙國王的陵墓。ealong跟隨eabout發(fā)生eon來吧；趕快；進行eout出版；出來；出現(xiàn)；結(jié)果是eto蘇醒；總計；達到etooneself蘇醒，恢復(fù)知覺eup走近；上來；發(fā)芽；被提出eupwith想出；提出whenitesto...當談到……時①Whenwalkingdownthestreet,Icame_acrossDavidwhoIhadn'tseenforyears.當沿著街道散步的時候，我遇見了多年未見的戴維。②However,newshootsofbamboowille_upfromaroundtherootsoftheoldones.然而，新的竹筍將從舊根的周圍長出來。③Icanusetheputer.Whenitestorepairing(repair)it,Iknownothing.我會使用電腦，但談到修電腦，我一無所知。[聯(lián)想發(fā)散]表示“(偶然)遇見”的短語還有：runacross;runinto;meetwith;meet...bychance/byaccident等。2．resultin導(dǎo)致，結(jié)果是……[教材原句]Ifbreathedin,theycanresultinillnessorevendeath.如果(這些病毒)被人體吸入，它們可能導(dǎo)致疾病甚至死亡。(1)resultfrom由……造成；因……而產(chǎn)生(2)asaresult結(jié)果asaresultof...作為……的結(jié)果①Lookforareviewpartnerbecausestudyingbyyourselfmighteventuallyresult_in_laziness.尋找一個復(fù)習的搭檔，因為你獨自學習可能最終會產(chǎn)生惰性。②Thetrainwasdelayedas_a_result_oftheheavyrain.由于大雨的緣故，火車晚點了。③As_a_result,_peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.結(jié)果，人們將吃更多的食物去努力彌補損失的東西。[聯(lián)想發(fā)散]表示“導(dǎo)致”的短語還有：leadto;contributeto;bringabout;accountfor等。3.payoff成功，帶來好結(jié)果；得到回報；還清[教材原句]Allmyyearsoftrainingasanexplorerhavefinallypaidoff!我作為探險家多年的訓練終于得到了回報！[一詞多義]寫出句中payoff的含義①Howeverdifficultyoufindittoarrangeyourtime,itwillpayoffinthelongrun.帶來好結(jié)果②Theyhaveloans,bills,amortgagetopayoff,retirementtosavefor.還清③Tim,believeme,allyoureffortswillpayoffsomeday.得到回報payback償還，償付；報復(fù)payfor...付錢買……，為……付出代價paysb.moneyfor...為……付給某人錢payavisittosb./sp.訪問某人/參觀某處payattentionto注意④I'llpay_him_backformakingmelooklikeafoolinfrontofeveryone.他讓我當眾出丑，我非治治他不可。⑤Hepaid_twenty_dollars_forthesecond-handtool.他花20美元買了這件二手工具。[名師點津]在對payoff短語進行考查時，其抽象意義“帶來好結(jié)果，得到好回報”是考查的重點。⑥ThoughpoemsintheTangDynastyareverydifficulttolearn,youreffortswill_pay_offintime.(2017·全國卷Ⅰ寫作佳句)盡管唐詩很難學，但你的努力總有一天會得到回報。4．Bythe1920s,hehad_beeanexplorer,searchingforthetombsoftheEgyptiankings.到了20世紀20年代，他已經(jīng)成為一名探險家，致力于尋找古埃及國王的陵墓。句中bythe1920s意為“到了20世紀20年代”。“by＋時間名詞”，在句中作時間狀語。eq\x(\a\al(“by＋時間”作狀語，句子時態(tài)如下：,1“by＋現(xiàn)在時間”，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時,2“by＋過去時間”，主句用過去完成時,3“by＋將來時間”，主句用將來完成時))①Bynow,fivevillagershave_been_attacked(attack)bythehairycreature.到現(xiàn)在為止，已經(jīng)有5個村民被那個多毛動物襲擊了。②Bythetimethedoctorarrivedatthespot,thepatienthad_died_(die).當醫(yī)生到達現(xiàn)場時，病人已經(jīng)死了。③Bythetimehe'stwenty,hewill_have_known(know)everyoneworthknowinginWashington.到20歲時，他就會認識華盛頓所有值得認識的人。[名師點津]“by＋將來的時間”也可以用于虛擬語氣句子中，表示對未來的假設(shè)。此時其所在句子謂語用“would/could＋動詞原形”。④IfnationscouldonlykeeptheinitialpromisesoftheParisAgreement,whatwould_happen(happen)bytheyear2100?如果各個國家只能保持巴黎協(xié)議的初步承諾，2100年后會發(fā)生什么？5．AlthoughYangdidnotgetthebestscoresoneverysingletest,it_washishighscoresonthepsychologicalteststhatfinallywonhimthestatusofChina'sfirstastronaut.雖然楊(利偉)并非每項測試都得了最高分，但他各項心理測試所得的高分最終為他贏得了中國首位宇航員的席位。該句型為強調(diào)句型，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“Itis/was＋被強調(diào)部分＋that/who＋句子其他成分”。被強調(diào)的部分指人時，可用who或that，其他一律用that。(1)強調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：Itis/was＋被強調(diào)部分＋that/who＋句子其他成分(2)一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：Is/Wasit＋被強調(diào)部分＋that/who＋其他成分？(3)特殊疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：特殊疑問詞＋is/wasit＋that/who＋其他成分？(4)not...until...用于強調(diào)句的句式：Itis/wasnotuntil...that...①It_waswhenIgotbacktomyapartmentthatIfirstcameacrossmynewneighbors.當我回到我的公寓的時候，我第一次遇見了我的新鄰居。②Was_it_five_years_ago_thatwegottogether?我們聚在一起是在五年前嗎？③Thepatientlooksmuchbetter.What_is_it_thathasmadehimwhatheistoday?那個病人看上去好多了。是什么讓他變成今天這樣的呢？④It_wasn't_until_IfinishedfilmstudiesthatIpursuedmycareerasanactress.(2017·天津高考閱讀表達)直到我完成了電影學習，我才開始追逐我的演員生涯。[名師點津](1)強調(diào)句型的判斷方法：一般來說，如果把句子中的“Itis/was”和“that/who”去掉，語序稍加調(diào)整，能還原為完整句子，且句子意思依然完整，則為強調(diào)句型。(2)強調(diào)句型中，that只起連接作用，不作成分，但不能省略。[短語、句式過關(guān)練]Ⅰ.選詞填空eq\x(payoff，resultin，eacross，openup，inconnectionwith，setsail)1．Itwouldtakehimtherestofhislifetopay_offhisdebts.2．OurshipfromShanghaitoLondonwillset_sailtomorrow.3．Hiscarelessnessresulted_inthefailureoftheexperiment.4．Thepolicehavearrestedtwosuspectsin_connection_withthebankrobbery.5．YesterdayafternoonIcame_acrossanoldfriendwehadn'tseenforages.6．ThereisanewThairestaurantopening_upintown.Ⅱ.翻譯句子1.警方已控制了局勢。(incontrolof)The_police_have_been_in_control_of_the_situation.2．孩子應(yīng)當尊敬父母和老師。(lookupto)Children_should_look_up_to_their_parents_and_teachers._3．到你回來時，我就寫完我的小說了。(bythetime)By_the_time_you_e_back,_I_will_have_finished_writing_my_novel.4．這些花如果不能每天澆水就會死去。(unless＋分詞)The_flowers_will_die_unless_watered_every_day.5．她興沖沖地回到家里，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)一個人也沒有。(onlytodo...)She_came_home_excitedly,_only_to_find_nobody_was_in.Ⅲ.按要求改寫句子1．Thedriver'sdiedasaresultofhiscarelessness.(改為復(fù)合句)→The_driver's_died_because_he_was_careless.2．Ididn'trealizethatshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.(強調(diào)until從句)→It_was_not_until_she_took_off_her_dark_glasses_that_I_realized_she_was_a_famous_film_star.3．Withoutherwork,therewouldbeveryfewmountaingorillaslefttoday.(用if改寫句子)→If_it_hadn't_been_for_her_work,_there_would_be_very_few_mountain_gorillas_left_today.4．Theynotonlystudiedallthesubjectsrequiredtobeanastronaut,butalsolearnedsurvivalskills.(改為部分倒裝)→Not_only_did_they_study_all_the_subjects_required_to_be_an_astronaut,_but_also_learned_survival_skills.eq\a\vs4\al([課堂雙線提能]課堂一刻鐘演練，實現(xiàn)教材與高考的對接)提能一用課文詞匯寫高分作文amazing，create，nationality，curious，discouraged，lookupto，haveaeffecton，resultin1．補全要點句(“黑體”部分選用上面方框中的單詞或短語)①一些有所作為的人永遠值得我們敬佩。Some_amazing_people__are_worth_looking_up_toforever.②比爾·蓋茨對計算機技術(shù)產(chǎn)生了很大影響。BillGateshad_a_great_effect_onputertechnology.③貝多芬為我們創(chuàng)造了美妙的音樂。Beethovencreated_wonderful_musicforus.④袁隆平水稻研究導(dǎo)致了產(chǎn)量的提高。YuanLongping'sresearchonricebreedresulted_in_the_increase__in_production.⑤雖然他們國籍不同，但是他們的共同點就是對世界感到好奇并且從不氣餒。Thoughtheyareofdifferent_nationalities,_whattheyhaveinmonisthattheyare_curious_about__the_world_and__never_discouraged.2．升級平淡句用強調(diào)句改寫句③It_was_Beethoven__who__created_wonderful_music_for_us.3．銜接成語篇(注意使用適當?shù)倪^渡銜接詞匯：thought)Someamazingpeopleareworthlookinguptoforever.BillGateshadagreateffectonputertechnology.ItwasBeethovenwhocreatedwonderfulmusicforus.YuanLongping'sresearchonricebreedresultedintheincreaseinproduction.Thoughtheyareofdifferentnationalities,whattheyhaveinmonisthattheyarecuriousabouttheworldandneverdiscouraged.提能二用課文句型解構(gòu)高考長難句[本單元突破點——“名詞性從句＋定語從句”搭檔復(fù)合句]經(jīng)典例句比較分析真題嘗試翻譯課文長難句Othersbelievethattheywereinconnectionwithamummy'scurse，asapunishmentforthosewhoentertherestingplaceofthedead.這是一個復(fù)合句，主句謂語動詞believe后接一個that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句；賓語從句中又含有一個who引導(dǎo)的定語從句。但唯一不是很有趣的事情是，他能釣到許多魚，而我什么也釣不到。真題長難句Buttheonlythingthatwasn'tveryfunaboutitwasthathecouldcatchmanyfishwhileIcouldn'tcatchanything.(2015·廣東高考)這是一個復(fù)合句，thatwasn'tveryfunaboutit是定語從句，thathecouldcatchmanyfishwhileIcouldn'tcatchanything是表語從句，其中while是并列連詞?！敖艹鋈宋铩笔歉咧行抡n標話題“個人情況”中的子話題，其命題點分布于高考試題的各個題型，如閱讀理解中的人物傳記，寫作中的申請信及人物介紹等。熟練掌握該類話題的各種題型是高考制勝的捷徑之一。一、話題與語篇[考題示例](2017·6月浙江高考閱讀A)[1]BenjaminWest,thefatherofAmericanpainting,showedhistalentforartwhenhewasonlysixyearsofage.Buthedidnotknowaboutbrushesbeforeavisitortoldhimheneededone.Inthosedays,abrushwasmadefromcamel'shair.Therewerenocamelsnearby.Benjamindecidedthatcathairwouldworkinstead.Hecutsomefurfromthefamilycattomakeabrush.[2]Thebrushdidnotlastlong.SoonBenjaminneededmorefur.Beforelong,thecatbegantolookragged(蓬亂).Hisfathersaidthatthecatmustbesick.Benjaminwasforcedtoadmitwhathehadbeendoing.[3]The_cat's_lot_was_about_to_improve.Thatyear,oneofBenjamin'scousins,Mr.Pennington,cametovisit.HewasimpressedwithBenjamin'sdrawings.Whenhewenthome,hesentBenjaminaboxofpaintandsomebrushes.Healsosentsixengravings(版畫)byanartist.ThesewerethefirstpicturesandfirstrealpaintandbrushesBenjaminhadeverseen.[4]In1747,whenBenjaminwasnineyearsold,Mr.Penningtonreturnedforanothervisit.HewasamazedatwhatBenjaminhaddonewithhisgift.HeaskedBenjamin'sparentsifhemighttaketheboybacktoPhiladelphiaforavisit.[5]Inthecity,Mr.PenningtongaveBenjaminmaterialsforcreatingoilpaintings.Theboybeganalandscape(風景)painting.WilliamWilliams,awell-knownpainter,cametoseehimwork.WilliamswasimpressedwithBenjaminandgavehimtwoclassicbooksonpaintingtotakehome.Thebookswerelonganddull.Benjamincouldreadonlyalittle,havingbeenapoorstudent.Buthelatersaid,“Thosetwobooksweremypanionsbyday,andundermypillowatnight.”Whileitislikelythatheunderstoodverylittleofthebooks,theywerehisintroductiontoclassicalpaintings.Thenine-year-oldboydecidedthenthathewouldbeanartist.21．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Benjamin'svisittoPhiladelphia.B．Williams'influenceonBenjamin.C．ThebeginningofBenjamin'slifeasanartist.D．ThefriendshipbetweenBenjaminandPennington.22．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph3suggest?A．Thecatwouldbecloselywatched.B．Thecatwouldgetsomemedicalcare.C．Benjaminwouldleavehishomeshortly.D．Benjaminwouldhaverealbrushessoon.23．WhatdidPenningtondotohelpBenjamindevelophistalent?A．Hetookhimtoseepaintingexhibitions.B．Heprovidedhimwithpaintingmaterials.C．HesenthimtoaschoolinPhiladelphia.D．Hetaughthimhowtomakeengravings.24．Williams'twobookshelpedBenjaminto________.A．mastertheuseofpaintsB．a(chǎn)ppreciatelandscapepaintingsC．gettoknowotherpaintersD．makeuphismindtobeapainter[策略指導(dǎo)](一)這樣讀文第1步：宏觀把握文章大意分層抓關(guān)鍵句概括層意行文結(jié)構(gòu)第1段第1段畫波浪線部分6歲時本杰明就顯示出了一定的藝術(shù)天賦開端第2～4段第2～4段畫波浪線部分從自制畫筆作畫到獲得表兄贈送的專業(yè)繪畫材料，本杰明的天賦逐步展現(xiàn)，并引起了堂兄的關(guān)注發(fā)展第5段第5段畫波浪線部分在費城，9歲的本杰明開始叩響藝術(shù)殿堂的大門，并立志成為藝術(shù)家結(jié)局第2步：微觀突破理解障礙[嘗試翻譯]雖然很有可能本杰明對這些書理解甚少，但它們卻是他了解古典繪畫的入門指導(dǎo)。(二)這樣做題[名師解題]21．主旨大意題。選C文章從本杰明在六歲時自制畫筆作畫寫起，到后來利用專業(yè)工具作畫，再到知名畫家送給本杰明書籍，都是在講述本杰明是如何一步步走上藝術(shù)之路的。故選C項。22．句意理解題。選D由前文可知，本杰明在沒有專業(yè)畫筆之前是用貓的毛制作畫筆的。畫線句的字面意思是“貓的命運將會得到改善”。由該段后文可知，本杰明的堂兄送給了他專業(yè)的顏料和畫筆。由此可推知D項與畫線句的意思相符。23．細節(jié)理解題。選B根據(jù)文章末段首句“Inthecity,Mr.PenningtongaveBenjaminmaterialsforcreatingoilpaintings.”可知，為了更好地發(fā)展本杰明的繪畫天賦，堂兄Pennington給了他很多幫助，提供了創(chuàng)作油畫的材料，故選B項。24．推理判斷題。選D根據(jù)文章最后一段本杰明說的話以及“Whileitislikelythatheunderstood...Thenine-year-oldboydecidedthenthathewouldbeanartist.”可推知，Williams給本杰明的兩本關(guān)于繪畫的著作幫助本杰明打開了藝術(shù)之門，使他立志成為藝術(shù)家，故選D項。[閱讀理解系列技法4]利用文章主線和關(guān)鍵信息提煉文章大意不是每一篇文章都有明確的主題句，也不是所有段落都有明確的段落主題句。有些文章的中心思想貫穿全文，但沒有用一句明確的話表達出來。這就要求考生做題時根據(jù)文章的事實細節(jié)，進行全面考慮，綜合分析，找出共同點，再歸納成一般概念。也就是利用文章的主線和關(guān)鍵信息(事實、細節(jié)、觀點等)提煉文章大意。此類文章通常是敘述一件事的發(fā)展過程，或是陳述一系列同等重要的細節(jié)或事實。例如第21題，文章從本杰明在六歲時自制畫筆作畫寫起，到后來利用專業(yè)工具作畫，再到知名畫家送給本杰明書籍，都是在講述本杰明是如何一步步走上藝術(shù)之路的。(三)這樣積累1．materialn．材料2．classicadj.經(jīng)典的3．dulladj.無意義的4．panionn.陪伴5．beforcedto被迫……6．beimpressedwith對……印象深刻二、話題與寫作[考題示例](2016·北京高考)假設(shè)你是紅星中學高三學生李華。你的英國朋友Jim在給你的郵件中提到他對中國歷史很感興趣，并請你介紹一位你喜歡的中國歷史人物。請你給Jim回信，內(nèi)容包括：1．該人物是誰；2．該人物的主要貢獻；3．該人物對你的影響。注意：1.詞數(shù)不少于50；2．開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。DearJim，Yours，LiHua[寫作規(guī)范]第一步：寫對詞匯不丟冤枉分1．收到……來信hear_from2．我最喜歡的中國歷史人物my_favorite_figure_inChinese_history3．和……分享share_...with_...4．關(guān)于/至于as_for5．肯定是must_be6．介紹現(xiàn)代科技和思想introduce_modern_techn-ologies_and_ideas7．主修major_in第二步：列全要點，寫對句子?；痉?．從你上次的郵件中得知你要我告訴你我最喜歡的中國歷史人物。I_know_from_your_last_mail_that_you_ask_me_to_tell_you_my_favorite_figure_in_Chinese_history.2．我很高興與你分享。I'm_more_than_glad_to_share_that_with_you.3．關(guān)于我最喜歡的歷史人物，那一定是魏源。As_for_my_favorite_figure_in_Chinese_history,_it_must_be_Wei_Yuan.4．他是晚清一位偉大的思想家。He_was_a_great_thinker_in_the_late_Qing_Dynasty.5．在他的書《海國圖志》中，他將現(xiàn)代科技和思想介紹到了中國。He,_in_his_book,_Haiguo_Tuzhi_(Maps_and_Records_of_the_World),_introduced_modern_technologies_and_ideas_to_China.6．事實上，他激勵我在大學里主修英語專業(yè)，架起中國和世界的橋梁。In_fact,_he_inspires_me_to_major_in_English_in_college,_to_be_a_bridge_between_China_and_the_world.第三步：句式升級，打造亮點得高分1．將句1、2用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語合并Knowing_from_your_last_mail_that_you_ask_me_to_tell_you_my_favorite_figure_in_Chinese_history,_I'm_more_than_glad_to_share_that_with_you.2．將句3、4用同位語合并As_for_my_favorite_figure_in_Ch