關(guān)于定語從句

關(guān)于定語從句一．概念：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被定語從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。e.gThegirlwhoisstandingisMary.先行詞關(guān)系詞二．種類：定語從句分為限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句兩種。限定性定語從句：與先行詞關(guān)系密切，如果沒有定語從句，主句含混不清不完整，限定性定語從句與先行詞之間無逗號。非限定性定語從句：是先行詞的一個附加語，對先行詞起進一步說明作用，如果刪掉它，主句的意義仍然是完整的，非限定性定語從句與先行詞之間有逗號。Themanwho/thatcamefirstisMike.I’llneverforgetthedaywhenwefirstmeteachother.Hismotherdoesmorningexerciseseveryday,whichisgoodforherhealth.三．常見關(guān)系詞的用法：（見下表）關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞所指關(guān)系詞在句中作用that人/物(僅限定性從句)主、(賓、表)which物主、(賓)、who人主、(賓)whom人(賓)Whose/ofwhich+the+n/the+n.ofwhich人/物定as人/物/事情主、賓、表when時間時間狀語where地點地點狀語Why/forwhich原因原因狀語四．定語從句的辨認(rèn)與使用，基本步驟：（1）要判斷出先行詞（2）要確定關(guān)系代詞（即先行詞）在從句中所擔(dān)任的成分（3）要確定關(guān)系代詞的人稱和數(shù)，以確保從句中謂語動詞的正確使用以及代詞格的正確運用。e.gDoyouknowthosewhowanttoplaytennis?Anyonewhobreaksthelawwillbepunished.I，whoamyourteacher,willdomybesttohelpyou.五．特殊情況：1在限定性定語從句中，which和that都指物時，可通用。（介詞后不能跟that，而跟which）下列情況下，只能用that，而不能用which.序數(shù)詞/最高級/不定代詞（all,no,much,every,oneof…）/thesame/very/only+n.+that….序數(shù)詞/最高級/不定代詞(all/much/afew/none/theone/everything/nothing…)+that…Somethingandsomeone+that…以which/who開頭或多個定語從句中已有which/who時用that注意：who,that一般可以互換，但是介詞后只能用whom,先行詞為one(s)/anyone/those時，用who.六．關(guān)于as引導(dǎo)的定語從：as可作為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞來引導(dǎo)定語從句。常見情況：1.thesame/such(+n.)as-clause,so/as+adj.+a/an+n.as-clauseThisisthesamethingasweareinneedof.Suchpeopleasyousayareshortnow.ThisbookisnotsuchasIhope.注意：（1）關(guān)于thesame…that與thesame…as…as,that都可以與thesame連用，但是as指同一類，后面常省略謂語that則指同一個，謂語一般不省。e.gShehasthesamebookasyou.她的書和你的一樣。Shehasthesamebookthatyoulost.她的書就是你丟的那本。關(guān)于such/so…that…與such/so…as…such/so…that引導(dǎo)的是狀語從句，such/so…as引導(dǎo)的是定語從句。e.gHereisuchabigstoneasnoonecanlift.(as做賓語)Hereissuchabigstonethatnoonecanliftit.2.as，which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別：as:意為“正如。。。，像。。?！?；從句可放主句前、主句后、主句中；從句可為被動;從句為簡單賓語。常見使用as句式：asissaidabove,asalreadymentionedabove,asisknowntoall,asitis,asisoftenthecase,asisreportedinthenewspaper.which:意為“這。。。這些。。?！?；從句放主句后；從句一般為主動；從句可為復(fù)合賓語；從句可為否定句e.gAsisknowntoall,Edisoninventedthetelephone.Heturnedouttobeverysuccessful,whichwasmorethanweexpected.HehastoworkonSunday,whichhedoesn’tlike.Shepassedtheexam,whichmadeherparentsveryhappy.七．特殊句式：（1）theway+that/x/inwhich…（2）Isthis/that+n.+theone+關(guān)系詞+clauseIsthis/that+the+n.+關(guān)系詞+clauseoneof+n(pl.)+that/who+clause(復(fù)數(shù)謂語)theonlyoneof+n(pl)+that/who+clause(單數(shù)謂語)（4）含有插入語的定語從句，可隱去插入語，分析句子成分。Hemadeanotherdiscovery,whichIthinkisofgreatimportancetoscience.Theperson,whoourheadmasterthinksisfitforthejob,isexcellent.thelast/secondtime/place(that)+clauseIcouldhardlyrememberhowmanytimes(that)Ifailed.八．關(guān)于介詞+關(guān)系代詞（介詞+which/who）中介詞的判斷：（1）根據(jù)從句中的動詞搭配判斷Therewasnopersontowhomhecouldturnforhelp.（2）根據(jù)先行詞判斷Idon’tlikethewayinwhichhetalks.（3）根據(jù)上文判斷Thecompanyinwhichheworkedisingoodordernow.九．鞏固練習(xí)：1,Mr.Johnson’sson,livesinChicago,isadoctor.A,who B,whom C,that D,which2,Thepen,Ipaid2dollars,waslost.A,which B,that C,forwhich D,towhich3,Mr.Jacksonistheonlyforeignerispresentattheparty.A,whom B,that C,who D,which4,InclasstheteacheraskedmemanyquestionsmostofIcouldn’tanswered.A,there B,those C,that D,which5,Idon’tlikesuchapersonoftenliesbeforeyourface.A,what B,that C,as D,which6,Ilikesubjectashedoes.A,as B,so C,like D,thesame7,Hegavememoremoneyneeded.A,than B,that C,which D,as8,ThisisoneofthegreatestmanIhaveheardof.A,which B,that C,where D,who9,Wehadtodelaythepartytillthenextweek,weshouldhavesomethingimportanttodo.A,when B,which C,atwhich D,inthat10.Theoldmanhadfoursons,allofdiedduringtheWar.A.them B.which C.whom D.that11.Thosewanttoseethefilmpleasehandinyourmoneyafterclass.A.who B.that C.which D.whom12.ThisistheveryboyIhavebeenlookingfor.A.which B.that C.who D.whom13.Hehadasonhetookpride.A.inwhom B.inwho C.ofwhom D.ofwho14.WehadatiringmeetingIkeptfallingasleep.A.where B.which C.that D.duringwhich15.Idon’tthinkthenumberofthepeoplethishappenedisverylarge.A.whom B.who C.towhom D.ofwhom16.Hearrivedhalfanhourlater,madeusunhappy.A.that B.as C.when D.which17.Heisoneofthestudentswhopraisedbytheteacher.A.were B.was C.have D.has18.Thedaywillsooncomemanwillsetfootonanotherplanet.A.which B.when C.why D.where19.WetraveledtogetherasfarasChicago,wesaidgoodbyetoeachother.A.which B.when C.why D.where20.AllIwanttosayhasbeensaid.A.thething B.what C.that D.which21.Takecareofthegirlandthedogarecrossingthestreet.A.which B.who C.that D.whom22.Herparentswouldn’tallowhertomarryanyonefamilywaspoor.A.whose B.that C.who D.which23.Ilikethegardenverymuchtherearealotofbeautifulflowers.A.where B.which C.that D.inthat24.Ilovemyfather,isalwaysreadytohelpothers.A.who B.whom C.which D.that25.Idon’tliketheyouspeaktoMother.A.theway B.thewayinthat C.thewaywhich D.thewayofwhich26.Iamnotinterestedinanybookshere.A.thatyoubroughtit B.whichyoubroughtitC.thatyoubrought D.whichyoubrought27.Shewasrich,unfortunatelyIwasnot.A.that B.which C.who D.whose28.Howlovelythebabyis，issleepinginhermother’sarms.A.which B.that C.who D.whose29.Thepolicefoundtheknifehekilledhiswife.A.withwhich B.which C.bywhich D./30.Tellmeyourreasonyoutoldalietomyface.A.that B.which C.how D.why31.Idon’tknowthereasonhe’scomesolate.A./ B.forwhich C.why D.BandC32.IsleptonthebedIputmyshoes.A.where B.onwhich C.underwhich D.inwhich33.Thisdictionary,thefewpagesaremissing,isofnouse.A.amongwhich B.ofwhich C.inwhich D.towhich34.Thefacthastobefacedthenearestfillingstationisthirtykilometeraway.A.that B.which C.where D.inwhich35.HeexpressedahopehewouldvisitChinaagainthenextyear,andthiswastheveryhopehewouldexpressedassoonashearrivedinthecountry.A.that,that B.which,which C.that,which D.which,that36.Thestudentsgaveaquickanswertothequestiontheydidit,wasraisedbytheforeignvisitors.A.which,which B.why,which C.why,that D.that,thatisknowntoall,TaiwanisapartofChina.A.As B.Which C.That D.What38.IwillneverforgettheyearsIlivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,hasagreateffectonmylife.A.that,which B.when,which C.which,that D.when,who39.Isawsometreestheleaveswereblackwithdisease.A.where B.ofwhich C.inwhich D.whose40.Thebuildingwindowsarebrightisourschoollibrary.A.where B.ofwhich C.inwhich D.whose41.OnthebusIsawastudentIthoughtwasyourbrother.A.who B.whom C.he D.him42.Heisthestudentyouthinktobeworthyofourpraise.A.who B.whom C.he D.him43.Jackistheonlyoneoftheclassmateswhoinvited.A.has B.have C.is D.are44.IsthisbookIboughtforyouthedaybeforeyesterday?A.which B.that C./ D.theone45.ThehealthclubIamanumbermeetsonceaweek.A.which B.ofwhich C.that D.inwhich46.Thescienceofmedicine,progresshasbeenveryrapidlately,isperhapsthemostimportantofallthescience.A.towhich B.inwhich C.which D.withwhich47.Iwillrememberthetimewespenttogetherinthecountry.A.that B.when C.duringwhich D.atwhich48.Theprofessormadehisfirstspeech__hetalkedaboutsomesubjectsthestudentswereinterested.A.that B.which C.inwhich D.ofwhich49.Ilikethemanhewastenyearsago.A.that B.whom C.who D.whose50.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasinglepersonshecouldturnforhelp.A.that B.who C.whom D.towhom51.IshowedthedoctormylegIfeltpain.A.that B.which C.where D.as52.Idon’tbelievethereasonhehasgivenforhisbeinglate.A.why B.that C.how D.what53.Thisisthewomanthemusiciansaidwasregardedasthebestpianistinthecountry.A.who B.whom