浙江省寧波市三鋒教研聯(lián)盟2023-2024學年高二年級下冊4月期中英語含解析

2023學年高二年級第二學期寧波三鋒教研聯(lián)盟期中聯(lián)考

英語試題

考生須知：

1.本卷共8頁滿分150分，考試時間120分鐘。

2.答題前，在答題卷指定區(qū)域填寫班級、姓名、考場號、座位號及準考證號并填涂相應數(shù)

字。

3.所有答案必須寫在答題紙上，寫在試卷上無效。

4.考試結束后，只需上交答題紙。

選擇題部分

第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題L5分，滿分7.5分）

聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選

項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅

讀一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt?

A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.

答案是C。

1.WhatwillChrisdonext?

A.WatchtheWorldCup.B.Drinksomecoffee.C.Gotosleep.

2.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Strangers.B.Classmates.C.Relatives.

3.Whatisthewoman'sattitudetotheman'ssuggestion?

A.Favorable.B.Tolerant.C.Negative.

4.WhatcanwelearnaboutTom?

A.He*sunwillingtostudy.B.He'ssmartforhisage.C.He'sdifficulttogetalongwith.

5.WhatdidKevindoyesterday?

A.Hewentswimming.B.Hecleaneduphishouse.C.Hetalkedwithhisgrandparents.

第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）

聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項

中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小

題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。

聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

6.Whoisarrangingthemeeting?

A.Peter.B.David.C.Janet.

7.Whendoesthemanprefertohavethemeeting?

A.ThisFriday.B.ThisWednesday.C.NextMonday.

聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。

8.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?

A.Travelexperiences.B.Vacationplans.C.Favoriteseasons.

9.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?

A.Gotothebeach.B.Findasummerjob.C.MovetoWashington.

聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。

10.WhatdoesthenewssayaboutbigonlinespendersintheUS?

A.Thenumberofthemgrowsslowly.

B.Therearemorementhanwomen.

C.Theymakeuphalfofallshoppers.

11.HowmuchdidAmericansspendshoppingonlinelastyear?

A.$990billion.B.$1,500billion.C.$453billion.

12.WhatdidGeorgebuyonlinelastSunday?

A.Anadventurenovel.B.Asoftwarepackage.C.AnotebyMarkTwain.

聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。

13.WhathasRichardbeendoing?

A.Visitingamuseum.B.WatchingTV.C.Studying.

14.WhydoesSusancallRichard?

A.Toaskforhelp.B.Togivethanks.C.Tomakeanappointment.

15.WhatdoesSusanwanttodo?

A.Seeanexhibition.B.Buyanewcellphone.C.Takepicturesofthesnow.

16.Whatwillthespeakersprobablydo?

A.Attendaparty.B.Gotoapark.C.Playfootball.

聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。

17.Wheredidthespeakerlearnaboutcollege?

A.Fromthemovies.B.Fromherfamily.C.Fromthebooks.

18.Whathelpedchangethespeaker'sattitudetowardsstudy?

A.Hergraduateprogram.B.Herprofessor'sadvice.C.HertriptoAfrica.

19.Howdoesthespeakerfeelwhenshetalksaboutherpastexperiences?

A.Relieved.B.Grateful.C.Regretful.

20.Whoisthespeakerprobablytalkingto?

A.Highschoolstudents.B.Collegeteachers.C.Conservationworkers.

第二部分

閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。

A

TherearemanygreatindependentbookstoresinNorthCarolina.Ifyou'relookingforsomegoodbooksto

read,youcanvisitthebookstoreslistedbelow.

PurpleCrowBooks

IfsaliterarymeetingplacerightinhistoricdowntownHillsborough.Itwasopenedin2009.Youcanfind

newbooks,usedonesorthelatestworksbylocalauthors.Becauseitspecializesinlocalwriters,PurpleCrow

Booksisafavoritetouristdestination.It'sagreatplacetograbasignedcopyofabookbyyourfavoritelocal

author.

109WestKingStreet,Hillsborough,NC27278

QuailRidgeBooks

Thisisanindependentbookstorewithfriendlystaffdedicatedto（致力于）providingthebestcustomer

service.Foundedin1984byNancyOlson,thestoreprovidesawidevarietyofcarefullyselectedbooks,events,

discussiongroupsandtownhallmeetings.TheownerLisaPooleboughtthestorein2013andisdedicatedto

servingthelocals.

4209-100LassiterMillRoad,Raleigh,NC27609

PomegranateBooks

ThisbookstoreislocatedinthehistoricBorkenhagenHouseintheWinterParkneighborhoodofWilmington,

NorthCarolina.Ithasbeenfindinggoodhomesforgreatbookssince2005.Itstocksacarefullyselected

collectionofliteraryandlife-enhancingtitlesforallagesandalsofeatureslocally-madecardsandgiftitems.

4418ParkAve,Wilmington,NC28403

ScuppernongBooks

ThisbookstorewasopenedonDecember21,2013andhasbeenanimportantpartoftherebirthofdowntown

Greensboroeversince.Itfeaturesfictionandpoetryalongwitharemarkablechildren'ssectionandabroadrange

ofgeneralinteresttitles.Withinthestoreisabusycafeservingcoffee,wine,andbeersourcedprimarilyfrom

localsmallbusinesses.

304SouthElmStreet,Greensboro,NC27401

1.WhatisspecialaboutPurpleCrowBooks?

A.Itholdsvariousreadingactivities.B.Itmainlysellsbooksbylocalwriters.

C.Itfocusesonsellingsecond-handbooks.D.Itissupportedbylocalsmallbusinesses.

2.Whichbookstorehasthelongesthistory?

A.QuailRidgeBooks.B.PurpleCrowBooks.

C.PomegranateBooks.D.ScuppernongBooks.

3.WhowouldprefertovisitScuppernongBooks?

A.Peoplelovingnon-fictionbooks.B.Peoplelikinghandmadecardsandgifts.

C.Peopleenjoyingaveryquietenvironment.D.Peoplefondofbuyingcollectionsofpoetry.

【答案】l.B2.A3.D

【解析】

【導語】這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了四家獨立書店的情況。

【1題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)PurpleCrowBooks部分中uBecauseitspecializesinlocalwriters,PurpleCrowBooksisa

favoritetouristdestination.Ifsagreatplacetograbasignedcopyofabookbyyourfavoritelocalauthor.（因為

它專門研究當?shù)刈骷易髌罚哮f書店是一個很受歡迎的旅游目的地。在這里你可以買到你最喜歡的當

地作家的簽名書。）”可知，PurpleCrowBooks的特別之處在于主要賣本地作家的書。故選B。

【2題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)PurpleCrowBooks部分中“Itwasopenedin2009.（它于2009年開業(yè)。）“；QuailRidge

Books部分中“Foundedin1984byNancyOlson,thestoreprovidesawidevarietyofcarefullyselectedbooks,

events,discussiongroupsandtownhallmeetings.（這家書店由南希?奧爾森于1984年創(chuàng)立，提供各種精心

挑選的書籍、活動、討論小組和市政廳會。）"；PomegranateBooks部分中hasbeenfindinggood

homesforgreatbookssince2005.（自2005年以來，它一直在為偉大的書籍尋找好去處。）”以及

ScuppernongBooks部分中“ThisbookstorewasopenedonDecember21,2013andhasbeenanimportantpart

oftherebirthofdowntownGreensboroeversince.（這家書店于2013年12月21日開業(yè)，自那以后一直是格

林斯博羅市中心重生的重要組成部分。）”可知，QuailRidgeBooks的歷史最悠久。故選A。

【3題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ScuppemongBooks部分中“Itfeaturesfictionandpoetryalongwitharemarkable

children'ssectionandabroadrangeofgeneralinteresttitles.（它的特色是小說和詩歌，以及一個引人注目的

兒童部分和廣泛的一般興趣標題。）”可知，喜歡買詩集的人更愿意參觀ScuppemongBooks。故選D。

B

IwassurfingtheInternet,planningforour15th-anniversarytripwhenaperfectspotattractedme:TheShire

ofMontana,a"hobbithouse”,whichJimmyhusbandhaddreamedabout.Iknewhe'dbeimpressed.Andoursix-

year-olddaughter,Aurora,wouldlikeit,too.IwasabouttobookourreservationwhenIsawanoteonthe

website:Nokidsallowed.Thatruinedeverything!

Luckily,therewasanemailaddressonthesite.Ipluckedupthecouragetocontacttheowner.Soon,areply

arrived,saying,"Ifyoupromisethatyourdaughterisresponsibleandwillnottouch,shecancome.^^Iwas

relieved,thinkingAurorawasagoodkid."Thiswillbeokay,^^Iwroteback.

Thedayfinallyarrived.Wepiledintothecar.Icouldn'thelpbeingexcited,imaginingJimandAurora's

reactions.Wepassedasignthatread,uTheadventurebegins…"TurningontotheHobbitLane,Ifeltapangof

anxiety.Assoonaswegotoutofthecar,IpulledAuroraaside.""Childrenaren'tusuallyallowedhere,^^Isaid."So

youhavetobevery,verycareful.Youcanlookateverything,butdon'ttouch."Iexplainedtheruleandhow

terribleitwouldbetodamageanything.Aurora'seyeswidenedatmyno-nonsensetone."Ipromise,she

said.

Obviously,myconcernwassuperfluous.WespentseveraldaysatTheShire.Aurorawasdelightedateach

discoverybutsheneverdisturbedathing.Shetookherresponsibilitytoprotecttheowner'sworkseriously.It

turnedoutthatrespectingboundariesdidn'ttakeawaythebeautyandwonder,itallowedTheShiretoremain

beautifulandwonderfulintothefuture.

Notsodifferentfromamarriage,Ithought.NowIunderstoodwhywewenttothisplacetocelebrateour

fifteenthanniversary.JimandImovedthroughlifesidebysideasacouple,andwe'dlearnedtoaccepteach

other9sindividualityandboundariesaswell.Marriageisfullofsurprises,challengesandadventures.Thekeyto

makingitworkisrespectingeachother.

4.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Theauthormetaproblemwhileplanningatrip.

B.Theauthorandherhusbandhadbeenmarriedfor6years.

C.Auroradidn'twanttotakeatriptoTheShireofMontana.

D.Thetripwasruinedbecausetheauthordidn'treservearoom.

5.Whydidtheauthorfeelapangofanxiety?

A.Shefeltitaburdentotakecareofherdaughter.

B.Shedoubtedifherdaughterwouldbehavewell.

C.Sheworriedherdaughterwouldn'tbeadmitted.

D.Shewasn'tsurewhetherherhusbandwouldliketheplace.

6.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“superfluous“inparagraph4?

A.considerableB.importantC.unnecessaryD.common

7.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoconveythroughthetext?

A.Don'tgiveupuntilyoutryyourbest.

B.Goodrolemodelsareessentialforteachingkids.

C.Respectcontributestoahappyandlastingmarriage.

D.Obeyingtherulesisimportantwhendealingwithpeople.

【答案】4.A5.B6.C7.C

【解析】

【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者和家人外出度假，女兒表現(xiàn)良好，讓作者意識到了互相

尊重適用于親子和婚姻關系。

【4題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段"IwasabouttobookourreservationwhenIsawanoteonthewebsite:Nokids

allowed.Thatruinedeverything!（我正要預訂座位時，在網(wǎng)站上看到一條告示：兒童不得入內(nèi)。那毀了一

切?。笨芍?，作者在計劃旅行時遇到了一個問題。故選A。

【5題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Wepassedasignthatread,“Theadventurebegins...”TurningontotheHobbit

Lane,Ifeltapangofanxiety.Assoonaswegotoutofthecar,IpulledAuroraaside.（"Childrenaren'tusually

allowedhere,“Isaid."Soyouhavetobevery,verycareful.Youcanlookateverything,butdon'ttouch.^^I

explainedtheruleandhowterribleitwouldbetodamageanything.（我們經(jīng)過一塊牌子，上面寫著：“冒險開

始了……”拐進霍比特人巷，我感到一陣焦慮。我們一下車，我就把奧羅拉到一邊?！斑@里通常不允許

孩子進來，”我說?！八阅惚仨毞浅７浅Ｐ⌒?。你可以看所有的東西，但不要碰。"我解釋了規(guī)則，

以及損壞任何東西會有多可怕）”可知，作者感到一陣焦慮是因為她懷疑她的女兒是否會表現(xiàn)良好。故選

B?

6題詳解】

詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“WespentseveraldaysatTheShire.Aurorawasdelightedateachdiscoverybut

sheneverdisturbedathing.Shetookherresponsibilitytoprotecttheowner?sworkseriously.Itturnedoutthat

respectingboundariesdidn'ttakeawaythebeautyandwonder,itallowedTheShiretoremainbeautifuland

wonderfulintothefuture.（我們在夏爾待了幾天。愛洛對每一個發(fā)現(xiàn)都很高興，但她從不打擾任何事情。她

認真對待保護業(yè)主作品的責任。事實證明，尊重邊界并沒有帶走美麗和奇跡，它讓夏爾在未來保持美麗

和精彩）”可知，作者的女兒表現(xiàn)良好，所以作者的擔心是不必要的。由此可知，劃線詞意思是“不必要

的”。故選C。

【7題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“JimandImovedthroughlifesidebysideasacouple,andwe'dlearnedtoaccept

eachother5sindividualityandboundariesaswell.Marriageisfullofsurprises,challengesandadventures.The

keytomakingitworkisrespectingeachother.（吉姆和我作為一對夫妻并肩度過了一生，我們也學會了接受

彼此的個性和界限?；橐龀錆M了驚喜、挑戰(zhàn)和冒險。維系關系的關鍵在于相互尊重）”可推知，作者想要

表達的是尊重有助于幸福和持久的婚姻。故選C。

C

Theage-oldchoreofdustingcouldsoonbeathingofthepast.Scientistsaredeveloping"sel「cleaning”

surfacesthatmakedustparticlesunabletosticktothem.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofTexasatAustinsay

theparticlesinsteadsticktoeachotherandsimplyrolloffthesurfaceswithnothingmorethantheassistanceof

gravity.

Thescientistsalteredthegeometry（幾何構造）offlatsurfacesatalevelinvisibletohumaneyes.Theteam

madeatightly-packednanoscale（納米級）networkofpyramid-shapedstructuresonthesurfaceswhichmadeit

difficultfordustparticlestosticktothematerial.Instead,theparticlessticktoeachotherbeforerollingoffthe

materialduetogravity.

Thestudy,fundedbyagrant（撥款）fromNASA'sSmallBusinessInnovationResearchprogram,testedthe

materialbypilinglunardustontheirengineeredsurfacesbeforeturningthemontheirsides.Theteamfoundthat

justtwopercentofthesurfaceremaineddusty,comparedwithmorethan35percentofanunalteredsmooth

surface.Thenewsurfacecouldprovideapassivesolutiontoremovingdust,asopposedtomoreactivemethods

likeusingwipersandfluidtocleardustfromacarwindscreen.

“Whatwe'vedemonstratedhereisasurfacethatcancleanitself,95saysleadstudyauthorChih-HaoChang.

（"Particulatesaren'tabletosticktothesurface,sotheycomeoffusingjusttheforceofgravity.^^

Studyauthorshopethematerialprovidesasolutiontospacedust,whichcanbeextremelyharmfulinsucha

high-riskenvironmentandisalmostimpossibletocleanout.Spacedusthaspreviouslycausedgreatdamageto

NASA'shumanspaceflightApollomissionsandhasevencausedroversonMarstomalfunctionandfhil.“There's

notmuchyoucandoaboutlunardustinspace——itstickstoeverythingandthere?snorealwaytowipeitoff/'says

SamuelLee,aleadauthorofthestudy.46DustonsolarpanelsofMarsroverscancausethemto

However,theresearchersalsobelievethediscoverycouldproveusefulonEarth,preventingsolarpanels

fromcollectingdustandlosingefficiency.Thesesurfacesmayevenprotectourscreensandwindowsfrom

irritatingdust.

8.Howdidthescientistsaltertheflatsurfaces?

A.Byputtingthinpaintonthem.B.Bycreatingaspecialnetworkonthem.

C.Bymakingparticlessticktoeachother.D.Bymakingtheminvisibletohumaneyes.

9.Whatcanwelearnaboutthesurfacesafterthetest?

A.Over35%ofthesurfacesweredusty.

B.Justtwopercentofthesurfacesremaineddusty.

C.Thesurfacesstillneededtobecleanedwithwipersandfluid.

D.Thesurfacesattractedmoredustparticlesthancommonones.

10.WhydoestheauthormentionNASA'shumanspaceflightApollomissionsandroversonMars?

A.Toshowthematerialcanbeveryhelpful.B.Toproveirritatingdustexistseverywhere.

C.Toshowtheimportanceofspaceexploration.D.ToexplainwhyNASAsupportedtheresearch.

11.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A.Dustthreatenedmissionsinspace.B.Scientistsdevelopedself-cleaningsurfaces.

C.Self-cleaningsurfacesprovedusefulonEarth.D.ScientistsdevelopedamaterialforroversonMars.

【答案】8.B9,B10.A11.B

【解析】

【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了研究人員開發(fā)了一種可以自我清潔的表面，解釋了其工作原

理以及測試情況和未來的應用。

【8題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Theteammadeatightly-packednanoscale（納米級）networkofpyramid-shaped

structuresonthesurfaceswhichmadeitdifficultfordustparticlestosticktothematerial.（該團隊在表面制作了

一個金字塔形結構的緊密排列的納米級網(wǎng)絡，這使得灰塵顆粒很難粘在材料上）”可知，科學家們通過建

立一個特殊的網(wǎng)絡改變平面。故選B。

【9題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Theteamfoundthatjusttwopercentofthesurfaceremaineddusty,comparedwith

morethan35percentofanunalteredsmoothsurface.（研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，只有2%的表面仍有灰塵，而未改變的

光滑表面有超過35%的灰塵）”可知，測試后，只有2%的表面仍有灰塵。故選B。

【10題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Studyauthorshopethematerialprovidesasolutiontospacedust,whichcanbe

extremelyharmfulinsuchahigh-riskenvironmentandisalmostimpossibletocleanout.Spacedusthas

previouslycausedgreatdamagetoNASA'shumanspaceflightApollomissionsandhasevencausedroverson

Marstomalfunctionandfail.（研究作者希望這種材料能為太空塵埃提供解決方案，太空塵埃在這樣一個高

風險的環(huán)境中是極其有害的，而且?guī)缀醪豢赡芮宄４饲?，太空塵埃對美國宇航局的阿波羅載人航天任

務造成了巨大損害，甚至導致火星上的漫游者發(fā)生故障和失?。笨芍髡咛岬矫绹詈骄值妮d人航天

阿波羅任務和火星探測器是為了展示材料會很有幫助。故選Ao

【11題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段"Theage-oldchoreofdustingcouldsoonbeathingofthepast.Scientistsare

developing"selRcleaning“surfacesthatmakedustparticlesunabletosticktothem.Researchersfromthe

UniversityofTexasatAustinsaytheparticlesinsteadsticktoeachotherandsimplyrolloffthesurfaceswith

nothingmorethantheassistanceofgravity.（打掃灰塵這種由來已久的苦差事可能很快就會成為過去?？茖W家

們正在開發(fā)一種“自清潔”表面，使灰塵顆粒無法附著在表面上。德克薩斯大學奧斯汀分校的研究人員

說，這些粒子相互粘在一起，只是在重力的幫助下從表面滾下來）”結合文章主要說明了研究人員開發(fā)了

一種可以自我清潔的表面，解釋了其工作原理以及測試情況和未來的應用?？芍?，這篇文章的主旨是科

學家開發(fā)了自清潔表面。故選B。

D

Whentemperaturesclimb,manypeoplereachforice-coldbeverages（飲料）tocooldown.Butothersputthe

kettleon:Hotteaisago-tobeverageyear-roundincountriessuchasBangladesh,China,JapanandSaudiArabia.

Manypeoplefindhottearefreshingonhotdays.Canhotdrinksreallycoolyoudownonahotday?

AccordingtoPeterMcNaughton,aprofessoratKing'sCollegeLondonwhostudiesthermoregulation（溫度

調(diào)節(jié)）,hotdrinksreallycancoolyoudown.4<Itseemstotallycounterintuitive（反直覺的，違反直覺的）J

McNaughtonsaid."Drinkingahotdrinkreallydoesmakeyoudropyourtemperatureififsnottoohumidout.^^

“Ifadrinkiswarmerthanyourbodyatfirst,obviously,thatdrinkmakesyouhotter,McNaughtonsaid.But

humans,likeallwarmbloodedanimals,areconstantlyadjustingtomaintainaconsistentinternaltemperature.

McNaughtonfoundthathotdrinksactivateareceptor（接受器）inournervescalledTRPV1,whichtellsthebody

itneedstocooldown.Inresponse,humanssweat.

“Sweatpoolingonskinisuncomfortable,butaddabreezeorafan,andtheairblowingpasthelpssweat

evaporate（蒸發(fā)），takingheatwithit,“McNaughtonsaid."Ingeneral,yourlifedependsonsweating.Sweating

canhelphumanssurviveinsomeofthehighesttemperaturesdocumentedonEarth,atleastindryheat.Sweatis

lesseffectiveinhighhumiditybecausetheairisalreadyfullofwatervaporandcan'tabsorbasmuchfromthe

skin,thafswhyinhighhumidity,thesurvivabletemperatureismuchlower.”

A2012studyinthejournalActaPhysiologicafoundthatwhensweatfullyevaporates,hotdrinkscanhelp

coolpeopleoffoverall,atleasttemporarily.Thatstudylookedatcyclistsbikingquicklyenoughtocreatetheir

ownbreezeinaclimatewithnohumidity:idealconditionsforsweatevaporation.

Inthereverseeffect,colddrinkslowerbodytemperaturesandthenmakethebrainreducesweatinginorder

tobringbodytemperaturebacktoitsbaseline.A2018papersuggeststhatwithlesswind,morehumidity,orother

barrierstoeffectivesweating-liketheheavyclothingwornbyfirefighters-itmaymakemoresensetocooloff

bydrinkingcrushedice.

12.WhatdoweknowaboutpeopleinBangladesh,China,JapanandSaudiArabia?

A.Theylikeice-coldbeveragesonhotdays.

B.Theyfavorhotteaovercolddrinksyear-round.

C.Theydoubtwhetherhotteacanhelpcoolthemdown.

D.Theybelieveice-coldbeveragesareharmfultotheirhealth.

13.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph3?

A.TRPV1helpsadjustbloodtemperature.B.Bloodhelpsaddheattothehumanbody.

CSweatinghelpsincreaseourbodytemperature.D.TRPV1sendssignalsrelatedtobodytemperature.

14.WhydoestheauthorquoteMcNaughton'swordsaboutsweatingparagraph4?

A.Toshowthedangerofhighhumidity.B.Torevealwhysomepeoplesweatmore.

C.Totellusaboutthefunctionofsweating.D.Todisplayhowpeoplesurviveextremeheat.

15.Whatcanweconcludeafterreadingthetext?

A.Drinkingenoughwaterbenefitsourbodies.

B.Weshouldavoidcoldwaterinhighhumidity.

C.Hotwatercoolsusdownbetterthancoldwater.

D.Hotdrinkshelpcoolthebodyundercertainconditions.

【答案】12.B13.D14.C15.D

【解析】

【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了研究表明喝熱飲可以有助于身體降溫，解釋了其中的原理。

【12題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第——段“Butothersputthekettleon:Hotteaisago-tobeverageyear-roundincountriessuch

asBangladesh,China,JapanandSaudiArabia.（但也有人把水壺打開：在孟加拉國、中國、日本和沙特阿拉

伯等國家，熱茶是全年的必備飲料。）”可知，孟加拉國、中國、日本和沙特阿拉伯的人全年都喜歡熱茶

而不是冷飲。故選B。

【13題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段"McNaughtonfoundthathotdrinksactivateareceptor（接受器）inournervescalled

TRPV1,whichtellsthebodyitneedstocooldown.Inresponse,humanssweat.（麥克諾頓發(fā)現(xiàn)，熱飲會激活我

們神經(jīng)中的一種名為TRPV1的受體，它會告訴身體需要降溫。作為回應，人類會出汗。）”可知，

TRPV1發(fā)送與體溫有關的信號。故選D。

【14題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“"Sweatpoolingonskinisuncomfortable,butaddabreezeorafan,andtheair

blowingpasthelpssweatevaporate（蒸發(fā)），takingheatwithit,“McNaughtonsaid."Ingeneral,yourlifedepends

onsweating.SweatingcanhelphumanssurviveinsomeofthehighesttemperaturesdocumentedonEarth,atleast

indryheat.Sweatislesseffectiveinhighhumiditybecausetheairisalreadyfullofwatervaporandcan'tabsorb

asmuchfromtheskin,thafswhyinhighhumidity,thesurvivabletemperatureismuchlower.5,（麥克諾頓說：

“汗水聚集在皮膚上是不舒服的，但吹過的風或風扇會幫助汗水蒸發(fā)，帶走熱量。總的來說，你的生活

取決于出汗。出汗可以幫助人類在地球上有記錄的一些最高溫度下生存，至少在干熱的情況下。汗液在

高濕度條件下效果較差，因為空氣中已經(jīng)充滿了水蒸氣，不能從皮膚上吸收那么多，這就是為什么在高

濕度條件下，生存溫度要低得多?！埃笨芍髡咴诘?段引用了McNaughton關于出汗的話是為了告

訴我們出汗的功能。故選C。

【15題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"A2012studyinthejournalActaPhysiologicafoundthatwhensweatfully

evaporates,hotdrinkscanhelpcoolpeopleoffoverall,atleasttemporarily.（2012年發(fā)表在《生理學學報》上

的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，當汗液完全蒸發(fā)后，熱飲可以幫助人們整體降溫，至少是暫時的。）”可推知，在某些

情況下，熱飲有助于身體降溫。故選D。

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選

項。

Gettingupearlyisactuallythesecrettothesuccessofmanypeople.16

Itmayimproveyourcognitive（認知的）function.

Peoplewhogetupearlyinthemorningcanconcentratebetter,aremoreattentive,andstayenergized

throughouttheday.17Therefore,focusingonimportanttasksearlierwillallowyoutomakebetter

decisionsthanpeoplewhoworklater.A2010HarvardUniversitystudyfoundthatmorningpeoplehavebetter

problem-solvingskills,getbettergradesinschool,andlandhigher-payingjobs.

Ithelpsyousleepbetter.

Wakingupearlymakesgoingtobedearliereasierandhelpsyougetconsistentsleepandwake

time.18Gettingadequatesleepmayloweryourbloodpressure,boostyourmood,aswellasimprove

yourbrainfunction.Peoplewhotendtobenightowlsaremorelikelytofeeltiredanddevelopsleepdisorders.

Itgivesyoumoretimetoeatbreakfast.

19Afterall,foodisthefuelpeopleneedtofeelenergizedandreadytofacetheworld.Justdrinking

acupofcoffeeatthedrive-throughwillnotgiveyouwhatyouneed.Enjoyanutritiousbreakfastofhealthybread

rollsoryogurtandfruittostartyourdayoffright.

Itgivesyoumoretimeforyourself.

Wakingupearlyallowsyoutowatchthesunriseandhavequiettimeathome.Self-careisvitallyimportant,

sotakethistimetoenjoyyourcoffee,takeyourdogforalongwalk,writeyourshoppinglist,orjusttakesome

extrametime.Peoplegenerallythinkitisdifficulttogetmoretimeforthemselves.20

A.Trygoingtothegymorrunningfirstinthemorning.

B.People'sbrainsaremorealert（靈敏的）inthemorning.

C.Nothingstartsadaybetterthaneatingahealthybreakfast.

D.Thishelpstoregulateyourbodyclockandleadstobettersleep.

E.Checkoutthesefourgoodreasonstowakeupearlyinthemorning.

F.Herearefourmethodsthatwillhelpyoustartyourdayfeelingrelaxed.

G.However,settingyouralarmclockearlierwillgiveyouthegiftofextratime.

【答案】16.E17.B18.D19.C20.G

【解析】

【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要論述了四個早起的理由。

【16題詳解】

根據(jù)上文"Gettingupearlyisactuallythesecrettothesuccessofmanypeople.（早起其實是很多人成功的秘

訣）”結合后文論述了早起的四個理由，故E選項“看看這四個早起的好理由”符合語境，故選E。

【17題詳解】

根據(jù)上文uPeoplewhogetupearlyinthemorningcanconcentratebetter,aremoreattentive,andstayenergized

throughouttheday.（早起的人可以更好地集中注意力，更專注，一整天都保持精力充沛）”可知，上文提到

早起的人注意力更集中，說明大腦在早上更加靈敏，故B選項“人們的大腦在早上更靈敏”符合語境,

故選B。

【18題詳解】

根據(jù)上文“Wakingupearlymakesgoingtobedearliereasierandhelpsyougetconsistentsleepandwake

time.（早起可以讓你更容易早睡，幫助你獲得一致的睡眠和醒來時間）”以及后文"Gettingadequatesleep

mayloweryourbloodpressure,boostyourmood,aswellasimproveyourbrainfunction.Peoplewhotendtobe

nightowlsaremorelikelytofeeltiredanddevelopsleepdisorders.（充足的睡眠可以降低你的血壓，改善你的

情緒，以及改善你的大腦功能。夜貓子的人更容易感到疲勞，患上睡眠障礙）”可知，上文提到了早起幫

助你獲得一致的睡眠和醒來時間，后文提到了充足睡眠的好處，可知本句承接上文，繼續(xù)說明早起帶來

的好處，故D選項“這有助于調(diào)節(jié)你的生物鐘，從而獲得更好的睡眠”符合語境，故選D。

【19題詳解】

根據(jù)后文“Afterall,foodisthefuelpeopleneedtofeelenergizedandreadytofacetheworld.Justdrinkinga

cupofcoffeeatthedrive-throughwillnotgiveyouwhatyouneed.Enjoyanutritiousbreakfastofhealthybread

rollsoryogurtandfruittostartyourdayoffright.（畢竟，食物是人們感到精力充沛、準備好面對世界所需要

的燃料。僅僅在汽車餐廳喝杯咖啡并不能滿足你的需要。享受一頓營養(yǎng)豐富的早餐，健康的面包卷或酸

奶和水果，開始你的一天）”可知，后文主要論述了早起可以更好地享受早餐。故C選項“沒有什么比吃

一頓健康的早餐更好的開始新的一天了”符合語境，故選C。

【20題詳解】

根據(jù)上文“Wakingupearlyallowsyoutowatchthesunriseandhavequiettimeathome.Self-careisvitally

important,sotakethistimetoenjoyyourcoffee,takeyourdogforalongwalk,writeyourshoppinglist,orjust

takesomeextrametime.Peoplegenerallythinkitisdifficulttogetmoretimeforthemselves.（早起可以讓你看

日出，在家里有一段安靜的時間。自我照顧是非常重要的，所以利用這段時間來享受你的咖啡，帶你的

狗去散步，寫你的購物清單，或者只是給自己一些額外的時間。人們普遍認為很難為自己爭取更多的時

間）